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Zhang H, Wang X, Liu J, Mai G, Liu S, Cui W, Guan R, Jiang S, Han Y, He T. Alginate composite films incorporated with Zn-based inorganic antimicrobials for food packaging: Effects of morphology. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 39098814 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Biopolymers-based food packaging materials have drawn attention as potential candidates for substitution of petroleum-based materials. In this study, composite alginate films were developed by incorporating Zn-based antimicrobials to overcome the intrinsic disadvantages of alginates that hinder their wide applications. Antimicrobials with different morphologies (nanoplatelets, nanorods, and nanospheres) were employed to investigate the effects of antimicrobials' morphology on antibacterial, thermal, mechanical, and barrier performance of composite alginate films. Meanwhile, morphological and structural characterizations were carried out to explore the interactions between antimicrobials and alginate matrix. Results indicated that films with nanospheres exhibited superior antibacterial property, while those with one-dimensional nanorods possessed better mechanical and barrier performance. Besides, preliminary test on fresh-cut potatoes and chicken breasts indicated that the composite films showed potential in extending shelf life of foods. By incorporating antimicrobials with three different morphologies, this study provides particular insights into improving properties of composite packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Jiyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Guangqing Mai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Rengui Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Yanyang Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology and Engineering Center of Multi-scale Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
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2
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Amorin-da-Silva BC, Zambuzi GC, Francisco KR, Verruma-Bernardi MR, Ceccato-Antonini SR. Chitosan-coated paper packaging for specialty coffee beans: Coating characterization, bean and beverage analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114467. [PMID: 38823836 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose-based packaging has received great attention due to its characteristics of biodegradability, sustainability, and recyclability. Natural polymer coatings are usually applied to the paper surface to enhance the barriers to water vapour and improve the mechanical properties. A chitosan-based coating for paper packaging was developed in this work to store specialty roasted coffee beans, evaluating two samples of chitosan (Sigma® and molasses chitosan), and following the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of coffee beans along a period of 60 days. Sensory tests (Ranking Descriptive Analysis and Preference Test) were applied to the beverage prepared with the roasted and ground coffee beans stored in each packaging. Thin chitosan films provided good coverage and adhesion on the paper. Improved mechanical properties and lower water permeability were observed in the chitosan-coated papers. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the coffee beans were not influenced by the packaging along 60 days of storage. The molasses chitosan coating resulted in slightly darker roasted beans. In sensory evaluation, there is a clear difference between the chitosan samples, so that molasses chitosan-coated packaging had higher scores compared to Sigma® chitosan treatment for flavor and global impression in the preference analysis of the beverage. The molasses chitosan-coated packaging had three to four more consumers attributing the highest scores for the beverage prepared with the roasted beans stored in this type of packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Casagrande Amorin-da-Silva
- Dept Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Sócio-Economia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Cristina Zambuzi
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias para Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Roberta Francisco
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias para Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil; Dept Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Marta Regina Verruma-Bernardi
- Dept Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Sócio-Economia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Regina Ceccato-Antonini
- Dept Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Sócio-Economia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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3
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Inthamat P, Karbowiak T, Tongdeesoontorn W, Siripatrawan U. Biodegradable active coating from chitosan/astaxanthin crosslinked with genipin to improve water resistance, moisture and oxygen barrier and mechanical properties of Kraft paper. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127816. [PMID: 37918604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
An active chitosan-based coating with an addition of a natural antioxidant and a natural crosslinker has been applied to improve the performance of Kraft paper. Coatings, including chitosan (CS), CS crosslinked with 1.5 % genipin (CS-1.5G), CS containing 1 % astaxanthin (CSA) and CSA crosslinked with 1 % genipin (CSA-1G) were coated on Kraft paper. Uncoated and coated papers were then evaluated for water content (WC), water vapor permeability (WVP), contact angle, oxygen permeability (OP), tensile strength (TS), bursting strength and elongation at break (EAB). Results indicated that the coating improved the properties of Kraft paper. When compared with CS-coated paper, WC and WVP of CSA-1G-coated paper decreased significantly by 40 % and 24 %, respectively. The lowest OP was also observed in CSA-1G-coated paper. CSA- and CSA-1G-coated paper had contact angle values >100°, indicating hydrophobic nature of coated paper surface. All coatings largely improved TS of the paper (by 182-224 %) whereas CS-1.5G and CSA-1G significantly improved the bursting strength of the paper. The developed genipin-crosslinked chitosan-based coating enriched with astaxanthin can improve the functional properties of Kraft paper and thus will facilitate the usage of the paper for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthrare Inthamat
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thomas Karbowiak
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, L'Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn
- Postharvest Technology Program, School of Agro-industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand; Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ubonrat Siripatrawan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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4
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Mao L, Zuo J, Liu Y, Zheng B, Dai X, Bai Z, Liu Y, Yao J. Alginate based films integrated with nitrogen-functionalized carbon dots and layered clay for active food packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126653. [PMID: 37659483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The applications of alginate derived from seaweed polysaccharide in food packaging are restricted due to their inherent deficient antibacterial, antioxidant and UV barrier properties. In this study, nitrogen-functionalized carbon dots (NCDs) with active functions (0.5-3 %) and layered clay (1 %) with barrier property were introduced to construct alginate based active films via solution casting method. The results showed that the synthesized spherical NCDs had a particle size of 2-3 nm, and the internal structure of NCDs was similar to graphene, with a large number of active groups (-NH2, -OH, etc.) on the surface. Infrared analysis revealed that NCDs could form strong hydrogen bonds with alginate matrix, which slowed down the deterioration of mechanical properties and reduced the surface wettability. With the addition of NCDs, active functions and surface hydrophobicity of the active films were enhanced significantly (P < 0.05). When the amount of NCDs reached 3 %, UV barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the active films were increased by 50.0 %, 61.1 % and 70.1 %, respectively. The addition of NCDs could enhance the anti-browning ability of alginate based coatings and extend the shelf life of banana significantly. Therefore, a suitable amount of NCDs (1-2 %) and layered clay (1 %) can synergistically improve comprehensive performance of alginate based films and promote their food packaging application used as active films/inner coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Mao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, PR China.
| | - Juan Zuo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, PR China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, PR China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, PR China
| | - Xianglong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, PR China
| | - Zeqing Bai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation and Testing of Food Packing Materials, Xiamen Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xiamen 361004, PR China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, PR China
| | - Jin Yao
- School of Packaging Design and Art, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
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5
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Zhang F, Zhao H, Sha L, Li J, Guo D, Yuan T. One-step fabrication of eco-friendly multi-functional amphiphobic coatings for cellulose-based food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127578. [PMID: 37866560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastic and fluorine-containing oil and water resistant packaging materials have been gradually replaced by non-toxic and harmless bio-based materials because of their hazard to environment and human health. In this study, chitosan/carnauba wax emulsions (CS/CWs) were firstly prepared by one-step and used as oil and water resistant coating for cellulose-based food packaging paper. The impacts of emulsion components on stability of the emulsions and barrier performance of the coated paper were investigated. The results showed that the viscosity, particle size and polydispersity index of the emulsions were greatly dependent on the concentration of CS and CW, and the coated paper had the best comprehensive performance in water and oil resistance when the concentration of CS was 3 % and the amount of CW was 90 % of the total solid content (CS3/CW90). The particle size of CS3/CW90 was in the range of 0.5-0.7 μm, and the Cobb60 value, water contact angle and the kit ratings of paper coated with CS3/CW90 achieved 7.5 g/m2, 130.9° and 12/12, respectively, and the coated paper also exhibited excellent thermal stability and high antibacterial rate of 99.1 %, demonstrating its great potential for application in multi-functional food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lizheng Sha
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Daliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tianzhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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6
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Gigante V, Aliotta L, Ascrizzi R, Pistelli L, Zinnai A, Batoni G, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Innovative Biobased and Sustainable Polymer Packaging Solutions for Extending Bread Shelf Life: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4700. [PMID: 38139951 PMCID: PMC10747240 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable packaging has been steadily gaining prominence within the food industry, with biobased materials emerging as a promising substitute for conventional petroleum-derived plastics. This review is dedicated to the examination of innovative biobased materials in the context of bread packaging. It aims to furnish a comprehensive survey of recent discoveries, fundamental properties, and potential applications. Commencing with an examination of the challenges posed by various bread types and the imperative of extending shelf life, the review underscores the beneficial role of biopolymers as internal coatings or external layers in preserving product freshness while upholding structural integrity. Furthermore, the introduction of biocomposites, resulting from the amalgamation of biopolymers with active biomolecules, fortifies barrier properties, thus shielding bread from moisture, oxygen, and external influences. The review also addresses the associated challenges and opportunities in utilizing biobased materials for bread packaging, accentuating the ongoing requirement for research and innovation to create advanced materials that ensure product integrity while diminishing the environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
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7
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Aresta AM, De Vietro N, Gubitosa J, Rizzi V, De Pasquale I, Fini P, Cosma P, Curri ML, Zambonin C. Effect of a Composite Alginate/Grape Pomace Extract Packaging Material for Improving Meat Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15958. [PMID: 37958941 PMCID: PMC10649240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of food packaging materials that reduce the production of plastic, preserving at the same time the quality of food, is a topic of great interest today for the scientific community. Therefore, this article aims to report the effectiveness of an eco-friendly packaging material based on alginic acid and grape pomace extract from Vitis vinifera L. (winemaking by-products) for storing red meat in a domestic refrigerator. Specifically, biogenic amines are considered "sentinels" of the putrefactive processes, and their presence was thus monitored. For this purpose, an experimental analytical protocol based on the use of solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed during this work for the determination of six biogenic amines (butylamine, cadaverine, isobutylamine, isopentylamine, putrescine, and tyramine). Moreover, by combining the analytical results with those of pH and weight loss measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and microbiological analysis, it was proved that the studied materials could be proposed as an alternative packaging material for storing foods of animal origin, thus lowering the environmental impact according to sustainability principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Maria Aresta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Nicoletta De Vietro
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jennifer Gubitosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Vito Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Ilaria De Pasquale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Carlo Zambonin
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.A.); (C.Z.)
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8
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Lo Faro E, Bonofiglio A, Barbi S, Montorsi M, Fava P. Polycaprolactone/Starch/Agar Coatings for Food-Packaging Paper: Statistical Correlation of the Formulations' Effect on Diffusion, Grease Resistance, and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3921. [PMID: 37835970 PMCID: PMC10574950 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper is one of the most promising materials for food packaging and wrapping due to its low environmental impact, but surface treatments are often needed to improve its performance, e.g., the resistance to fats and oils. In this context, this research is focused on the formulation of a new paper bio-coating. Paper was coated with liquids containing poly(hexano-6-lactone) (PCL), glycerol and variable percentages of starch (5-10% w/w PCL dry weight), agar-agar (0-1.5% w/w PCL dry weight), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5% or 15% w/w PCL dry weight) to improve coating uniformity and diffusion. A design of experiments approach was implemented to find statistically reliable results in terms of the best coating formulation. Coated paper was characterized through mechanical and physical properties. Results showed that agar content (1.5% w/w PCL dry weight) has a beneficial effect on increasing the resistance to oil. Furthermore, the best coating composition has been calculated, and it is 10% w/w PCL dry weight of starch, 1.5% w/w PCL dry weight of agar, and 15% w/w PCL dry weight of PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lo Faro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.F.); (A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Angela Bonofiglio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.F.); (A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Silvia Barbi
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Monia Montorsi
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Industrial Research and Technology Transfer in the Field of Integrated Technologies for Sustainable Research, Efficient Energy Conversion, Energy Efficiency of Buildings, Lighting and Home Automation (EN&TECH), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fava
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.F.); (A.B.); (P.F.)
- Interdepartmental Centre BIOGEST SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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9
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Mayrhofer A, Kopacic S, Bauer W. Extensive Characterization of Alginate, Chitosan and Microfibrillated Cellulose Cast Films to Assess their Suitability as Barrier Coating for Paper and Board. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3336. [PMID: 37631394 PMCID: PMC10458738 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast amount of synthetic polymers used in packaging is putting a strain on the environment and is depleting finite, non-renewable raw materials. Abundantly available biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) have frequently been suggested in the literature to replace synthetic polymers and their barrier properties have been investigated in detail. Many studies aim to improve the properties of standalone biopolymer films. Some studies apply these biopolymers as barrier coatings on paper, but the solids content in most of these studies is quite low, which in turn would result in a high energy demand in industrial drying processes. The aim of this study is to suggest a laboratory procedure to investigate the suitability of these biopolymers at higher and such more industrially relevant solids content as potential coating materials for paper and board in order to improve their barrier properties. First, biopolymer solutions are prepared at a high solids content at which the viscosity at industrially relevant higher shear rates of 50,000 s-1 (1000 s-1 for MFC) is in the same range as a synthetic reference material (in this case ethylene vinyl alcohol EVOH) at 10 wt%. These solutions are analyzed regarding properties such as rheology and surface tension that are relevant for their coatability in industrial coating processes. Then, free-standing films are cast, and the films are characterized regarding important properties for packaging applications such as different surface, mechanical and barrier properties. Based on these results suitable biopolymers for future coating trials can be easily identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mayrhofer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.K.); (W.B.)
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10
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Naitzel TDC, Garcia VADS, Lourenço CAM, Vanin FM, Yoshida CMP, Carvalho RAD. Properties of Paperboard Coated with Natural Polymers and Polymer Blends: Effect of the Number of Coating Layers. Foods 2023; 12:2745. [PMID: 37509837 PMCID: PMC10379446 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper is one of the packaging materials that presents a biodegradable character, being used in several areas; however, its barrier properties (gases and fat) and mechanics are reduced, which limits its application. Coating papers with synthetic polymers improve these properties, reducing their biodegradability and recyclability. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize coated paperboard, using the tape casting technique, with different ratios of film form agar-agar/chitosan (AA:CHI, 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100) and different numbers of coating layers (operating times for application of 14.25 min and 28.5 min for one and two layers, respectively). A significant reduction in water absorption capacity was found by applying a 0:100 coating (approximately 15%). Considering all coating formulations, the water vapor permeability reduced by 10 to 60% compared to uncoated paperboard, except for two layers coated with 0:100. The tensile index (independent of AA:CHI) was higher in the machine direction (22.59 to 24.99 MPa) than in the cross-section (11.87-13.01 MPa). Paperboard coated only with chitosan showed superior properties compared to the other formulation coatings evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís de Cássia Naitzel
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP-University of São Paulo, Street Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Augusto Dos Santos Garcia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Street José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Botucatu 19082-080, Brazil
| | - Carla Alves Monaco Lourenço
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP-University of São Paulo, Street Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP-University of São Paulo, Street Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIFESP-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP-University of São Paulo, Street Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
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11
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Su H, Huang C, Li C, Zhao Y, Zheng D, Duan Q. Failure Mechanism of the Corrugated Medium under Simulated Cold Chain Logistics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23673-23682. [PMID: 37426271 PMCID: PMC10324071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to develop corrugated medium food packaging, which is suitable for highly humid environments, to meet the demands of cold chain logistics. In this paper, we investigated the influence of the transverse ring crush index of different environmental factors of corrugated medium and the failure mechanisms during cold chain transportation. After freeze-thaw treatment of corrugated medium, XRD and DP showed a decrease in crystallinity and polymerization of 3.47 and 7.83%, respectively. Also, the FT-IR spectra of the paper showed that the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds decreased by about 3.00% after freezing. SEM and XRD showed CaCO3 precipitation on the paper surface and a 26.01% increase in pore size. This study would be beneficial in further expanding the applications of cellulose-based paperboard cold chain transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Su
- School
of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongxing Huang
- School
of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Cuicui Li
- School
of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School
of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dantong Zheng
- School
of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingshan Duan
- School
of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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12
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Vráblová M, Smutná K, Koutník I, Marková D, Vrábl D, Górecki KM, Žebrák R. A novel approach for measuring membrane permeability for organic compounds via surface plasmon resonance detection. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137165. [PMID: 36356810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Well-known methods for measuring permeability of membranes include static or flow diffusion chambers. When studying the effects of organic compounds on plants, the use of such model systems allows to investigate xenobiotic behavior at the cuticular barrier level and obtain an understanding of the initial penetration processes of these substances into plant leaves. However, the use of diffusion chambers has disadvantages, including being time-consuming, requiring sampling, or a sufficiently large membrane area, which cannot be obtained from all types of plants. Therefore, we propose a new method based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) to enable rapid membrane permeability evaluation. This study presents the methodology for measuring permeability of isolated cuticles for organic compounds via surface plasmon resonance detection, where the selected model analyte was the widely used pesticide metazachlor. Experiments were performed on the cuticles of Ficus elastica, Citrus pyriformis, and an artificial PES membrane, which is used in passive samplers for the detection of xenobiotics in water and soils. The average permeability for metazachlor was 5.23 × 10-14 m2 s-1 for C. pyriformis, 1.34 × 10-13 m2 s-1 for F. elastica, and 7.74 × 10-12 m2 s-1 for the PES membrane. We confirmed that the combination of a flow-through diffusion cell and real-time optical detection of transposed molecules represents a promising method for determining the permeability of membranes to xenobiotics occurring in the environment. This is necessary for determining a pesticide dosage in agriculture, selecting suitable membranes for passive samplers in analytics, testing membranes for water treatment, or studying material use of impregnated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vráblová
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Smutná
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Koutník
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Marková
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Vrábl
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Maciej Górecki
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Žebrák
- Dekonta Inc., Dřetovice 109, 273 42, Stehelčeves, Czech Republic.
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13
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Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Ojanen M, Puttonen S, Vaittinen H. Trends and challenges in the development of bio-based barrier coating materials for paper/cardboard food packaging; a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158328. [PMID: 36037892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, petroleum-based synthetic plastics are used as a key barrier material in the paper-based packaging of several food and nonfood goods. This widespread usage of plastic as a barrier lining is not only harmful to human and marine health, but it is also polluting the ecosystem. Researchers and food manufacturers are focused on biobased alternatives because of its numerous advantages, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and structural flexibility. When used alone or in composites/multilayers, these biobased alternatives provide strong barrier qualities against grease, oxygen, microbes, air, and water. According to the most recent literature reports, biobased polymers for barrier coatings are having difficulty breaking into the business. Technological breakthroughs in the field of bioplastic production and application are rapidly evolving, proffering new options for academics and industry to collaborate and develop sustainable packaging solutions. Existing techniques, such as multilayer coating of nanocomposites, can be improved further by designing them in a more systematic manner to attain the best barrier qualities. Modified nanocellulose, lignin nanoparticles, and bio-polyester are among the most promising future candidates for nanocomposite-based packaging films with high barrier qualities. In this review, the state-of-art and research advancements made in biobased polymeric alternatives such as paper and board barrier coating are summarized. Finally, the existing limitations and potential future development prospects for these biobased polymers as barrier materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujtaba
- Aalto University, Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland.
| | - Juha Lipponen
- Aalto University, Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mari Ojanen
- Kemira Oyj, Energiakatu 4, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vaittinen
- Valmet Technologies, Wärtsilänkatu 100, 04440 Järvenpää, Finland
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14
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Postbiotics enhance the functionality of a probiotic edible coating for salmon fillets and the probiotic stability during simulated digestion. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Winotapun C, Hararak B, Treetong A, Chaloeijitkul K, Sane A. Self-assembly of colloidal lignin nanosphere particles blended with chitosan composite coated bagasse paper: An eco-friendly food packaging with antimicrobial properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Pinto PIF, Magina S, Fateixa S, Pinto PCR, Liebner F, Evtuguin DV. Modification of Paper Surface by All-Lignin Coating Formulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7869. [PMID: 36431355 PMCID: PMC9695548 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
All-lignin coating formulations were prepared while combining water-soluble cationic kraft lignin (quaternized LignoBoost®, CL) and anionic lignosulphonate (LS). The electrostatic attraction between positively charged CL and negatively charged LS led to the formation of insoluble self-organized macromolecule aggregates that align to films. The structures of the formed layers were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), firstly on glass lamina using dip-coating deposition and then on handsheets and industrial uncoated paper using roll-to-roll coating in a layer-by-layer mode. Coated samples were also characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and contact angle measurements. It was suggested that the structure of all-lignin aggregates is the result of the interaction of amphiphilic water-soluble lignin molecules leading to their specifically ordered mutual arrangement depending on the order and the mode of their application on the surface. The all-lignin coating of cellulosic fiber imparts lower air permeability and lower free surface energy to paper, mainly due to a decrease in surface polarity, thus promoting the paper's hydrophobic properties. Moderate loading of lignin coating formulations (5-6 g m-2) did not affect the mechanical strength of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I. F. Pinto
- RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501 Eixo Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Magina
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Fateixa
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula C. R. Pinto
- RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501 Eixo Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Falk Liebner
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Cruz RMS, Krauter V, Krauter S, Agriopoulou S, Weinrich R, Herbes C, Scholten PBV, Uysal-Unalan I, Sogut E, Kopacic S, Lahti J, Rutkaite R, Varzakas T. Bioplastics for Food Packaging: Environmental Impact, Trends and Regulatory Aspects. Foods 2022; 11:3087. [PMID: 36230164 PMCID: PMC9563026 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand to develop and produce eco-friendly alternatives for food packaging is increasing. The huge negative impact that the disposal of so-called "single-use plastics" has on the environment is propelling the market to search for new solutions, and requires initiatives to drive faster responses from the scientific community, the industry, and governmental bodies for the adoption and implementation of new materials. Bioplastics are an alternative group of materials that are partly or entirely produced from renewable sources. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even compostable under the right conditions. This review presents the different properties of these materials, mechanisms of biodegradation, and their environmental impact, but also presents a holistic overview of the most important bioplastics available in the market and their potential application for food packaging, consumer perception of the bioplastics, regulatory aspects, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M S Cruz
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Krauter
- Packaging and Resource Management, Department Applied Life Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Krauter
- Packaging and Resource Management, Department Applied Life Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Ramona Weinrich
- Department of Consumer Behaviour in the Bioeconomy, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 49, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Herbes
- Institute for International Research on Sustainable Management and Renewable Energy, Nuertingen Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nuertingen, Germany
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Bloom Biorenewables, Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- CiFOOD-Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ece Sogut
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32200 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Samir Kopacic
- Institute for Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johanna Lahti
- Sustainable Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Visiokatu 4, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ramune Rutkaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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18
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Kunam PK, Ramakanth D, Akhila K, Gaikwad KK. Bio-based materials for barrier coatings on paper packaging. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36090305 PMCID: PMC9439277 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Research into alternative packaging materials is becoming more and more popular as a result of growing eco-friendly concerns regarding the usage of some petroleum-based polymeric packaging materials and coatings, as well as growing buyer demands for products with nutritious quality and extended shelf lives. Barrier coatings made of naturally renewable biopolymers can be applied to paper packing materials. These biopolymer coatings have the potential to replace the current synthetic paper and paperboard coatings, are strong oxygen and oil barriers, and may prevent the unintended moisture transfer in food goods. An appealing method of controlling the growth and spread of microorganisms in food packaging is the integration of antimicrobial compounds into coatings to create active/functional paper-based packaging materials. Here, in this review of the oxygen/moisture barrier, mechanical, and other characteristics of paper coated with bio-based materials. Examples are used to discuss the current and future uses of bio-based material coatings on paper packaging materials to improve barrier performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Kunam
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Roorkee, India
| | - Dakuri Ramakanth
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Roorkee, India
| | - Konala Akhila
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Roorkee, India
| | - Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Roorkee, India
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19
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Zhao D, Chang Q, Fan J, Shu Q, Niu S, Li D, Xie Y, Deng X. Effects of ε‐polylysine and chitosan functionalization on pulp board properties for food packaging. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Qingfeng Shu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Shasha Niu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Yijun Xie
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoyong Deng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
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20
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A Brief Review on the Development of Alginate Extraction Process and Its Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is an attractive marine resource-based biopolymer, which has been widely used in pharmaceutical, food and textile industries. This paper reviewed the latest development of the conventional and alternative processes for alginate extraction from brown seaweed. To improve extraction yield and product quality, various studies have been carried out to optimize the operation condition. Based on literature survey, the most commonly used protocol is soaking milled seaweed in 2% (w/v) formaldehyde, overnight, solid loading ratio of 1:10–20 (dry weight biomass to solution), then collecting the solid for acid pre-treatment with HCl 0.2–2% (w/v), 40–60 °C, 1:10–30 ratio for 2–4 h. Next, the solid residue from the acid pre-treatment is extracted using Na2CO3 at 2–4% (w/v), 40–60 °C, 2–3 h, 1:10–30 ratio. Then the liquid portion is precipitated by ethanol (95%+) with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Finally, the solid output is dried in oven at 50–60 °C. Novel extraction methods using ultrasound, microwave, enzymes and extrusion improved the extraction yield and alginate properties, but the financial benefits have not been fully justified yet. To improve the sustainable production of alginate, it is required to promote seaweed cultivation, reduce water footprint, decrease organic solvent usage and co-produce alginate with other value-added products.
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21
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A facile method to prepare cellulose fiber-based food packaging papers with improved mechanical strength, enhanced barrier, and antibacterial properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Wang FJ, Wang LQ, Zhang XC, Ma SF, Zhao ZC. Study on the barrier properties and antibacterial properties of cellulose-based multilayer coated paperboard used for fast food packaging. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Wang FJ, Wang LQ, Zhang XC, Ma SF, Zhao ZC. Enhancement of oil resistance of cellulose packaging paper for food application by coating with materials derived from natural polymers. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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Jing X, Li X, Jiang Y, Lou J, Liu Z, Ding Q, Han W. Degradable collagen/sodium alginate/polyvinyl butyral high barrier coating with water/oil-resistant in a facile and effective approach. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118962. [PMID: 34973777 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Degradable bio-based materials have been widely considered as functional coatings, however, it is a great challenge to fabricate biodegradable coatings with high barrier, water- and oil- resistance. In this work, such coatings were fabricated by using collagen fibers (CF), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CF and SA were mixed evenly and coated on Ca2+ pretreated filter paper. It was mainly due to the electrostatic adsorption between collagen fibers and sodium alginate, and the crosslinking between the adsorption products and Ca2+. By coating PVB solution, the barrier performance was further improved. Notably, the composite exhibited excellent water vapor resistance (48 g/m2·24 h), water resistance (31 g/m2), oil resistance (kit rating: 12/12) and good mechanical properties. This degradable, environmentally friendly, and simple composite paper method has excellent barrier properties, mechanical properties and fluorine-free properties, and will have many applications in the food and packaging fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qijun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Wenjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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25
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Jing X, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhao R, Ding Q, Han W. Excellent coating of collagen fiber/chitosan-based materials that is water- and oil-resistant and fluorine-free. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118173. [PMID: 34044961 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fiber has attracted much attention due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present research, we prepared a type of non-fluorine hydrophobic and oil-resistant material using collagen fiber, chitosan, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as raw materials. To improve oil/grease resistance, the first layer filled the porous matrix and was made from the cross-linking product of collagen fiber/chitosan and glutaraldehyde. This was followed by a simple coating of PDMS, to increase hydrophobicity and water resistance. Notably, 10 g/m2 of cross-linking product and 6 g/m2 of PDMS had a low pore size as well as a smooth and uniform surface, which made the composites exhibit excellent hydrophobic and oil-resistant properties (water contact angles of 141°), water and oil resistance (kit rating value of 12/12) and mechanical properties. Fluorine-free environment-friendly materials with high water and oil resistance play an important role in promoting the development of high-performance materials for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ruhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qijun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Wenjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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26
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Hochegger A, Hoffellner L, Leitner E. Comparison of methods to simulate permeation through cellulose-based food contact materials. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Wang K, Zhao L, He B. Chitosan/Montmorillonite Coatings for the Fabrication of Food-Safe Greaseproof Paper. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101607. [PMID: 34065727 PMCID: PMC8156055 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a non-toxic method for improving the oil-resistant performance of chitosan coated paper by coating the mixture of chitosan and montmorillonite (MMT) instead of coating chitosan solution only. Through combining MMT into the chitosan coatings, the coated paper exhibited a lower air permeability and enhanced oil resistance under a lower coating load. For coated papers C2.5 and C3 by coating 2.5% (w/v) and 3% (w/v) chitosan without adding MMT in the chitosan coating, the coating load was 3.76 g/m2 and 3.99 g/m2, respectively, and the kit rating values were only 7–8/12. Regarding the sample C2M0.1 coated by the mixed solution containing 2% (w/v) chitosan and 0.1% (w/v) MMT, its coating load was only 3.65 g/m2, the paper permeability after coating was reduced to 0.00507 μm/Pa·s, owing to the filling of MMT into the cellulosic fibers network, and the kit rating reached 9/12. Moreover, C2M0.1 showed improved mechanical properties, whereby its tearing resistance was 5.2% and 6.6% higher than that of the uncoated paper in the machine direction and the cross direction, respectively.
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Glenn G, Shogren R, Jin X, Orts W, Hart-Cooper W, Olson L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives in paper food packaging. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2596-2625. [PMID: 33682364 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in food contact paper and paperboard for decades due to their unique ability to provide both moisture and oil/grease resistance. Once thought to be innocuous, it is now clear that long chain PFAS bioaccumulate and are linked to reproductive and developmental abnormalities, suppressed immune response, and tumor formation. Second-generation PFAS have shorter biological half-lives but concerns about health risks from chronic exposure underscore the need for safe substitutes. Waxes and polymer film laminates of polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly used alternatives. However, such laminates are neither compostable nor recyclable. Lamination with biodegradable polymers, including polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates, are of growing research and commercial interest. PLA films are perhaps the most viable alternative, but performance and compostability are suboptimal. Surface sizings and coatings of starches, chitosan, alginates, micro- and nanofibrilated cellulose, and gelatins provide adequate oil barrier properties but have poor moisture resistance without chemical modification. Plant proteins, including soy, wheat gluten, and corn zein, have been tested as paper coatings with soy being the most commercially important. Internal sizing agents, such as alkyl ketene dimers, alkenyl succinic anhydride, and rosin, improve moisture resistance but are poor oil/grease barriers. The difficulty in finding a viable replacement for PFAS chemicals that is cost-effective, fully biodegradable, and environmentally sound underscores the need for more research to improve barrier properties and process economics in food packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Glenn
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Xing Jin
- World Centric, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - William Orts
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - William Hart-Cooper
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
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Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, You X, Zhang HJ. Degradable Gelatin-Based Supramolecular Coating for Green Paper Sizing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1367-1376. [PMID: 33347279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing a paper sizing agent to meet the requirements of low cost, high quality of the paper, and environmental sustainability is significant but remains a challenge. Herein, a novel degradable gelatin-based coating emulsion for paper surface sizing was developed by a simple one-step polymerization and blending process. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) was first introduced to a gelatin solution to form gelatin-PMAA emulsion (G-PMAA) through the formation of hydrogen bonds between PMAA and gelatin. The addition of PMAA endowed gelatin with the increased hydrophobicity and the decreased upper critical solution temperature. Then, a relatively small amount of the flexible poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA), which imparted the toughness of the formed film, was blended with the G-PMAA emulsion to form G-PMAA/PBA emulsion. The G-PMAA/PBA emulsion with a high gelatin content of 0.2 g/mL was in the sol state at room temperature, which facilitated the application of the G-PMAA/PBA emulsion. The corrugated papers sized by G-PMAA/PBA emulsion exhibited excellent mechanical properties and water resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Institute of Biomass and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Institute of Biomass and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Institute of Biomass and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiangyu You
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Jie Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Institute of Biomass and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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30
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Ji Y, Xu Q, Jin L, Fu Y. Cellulosic paper with high antioxidative and barrier properties obtained through incorporation of tannin into kraft pulp fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:678-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Reactive Water Vapor Barrier Coatings Derived from Cellulose Undecenoyl Esters for Paper Packaging. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paper packaging materials have been widely applied in our daily life. To maintain the quality of packed goods as well as the mechanical property, there is a need to enhance the paper water vapor barrier function. Although long-chain cellulose esters with saturated aliphatic chains have been employed as barrier coatings due to their excellent hydrophobicity as well as film-forming properties, the coated unsaturated cellulose esters would be beneficial to design reactive materials to further enrich their functionalities, e.g., antibacterial performance. Herein, solutions of cellulose undecenoyl esters (CUEs) were bar-coated to base papers. Obvious coating films were formed on the paper surfaces from the coating grammage of 6.25 g m−2. The resulting CUE-coated papers displayed good mechanical performance, hydrophobicity, and water vapor barrier property (the barrier ratio up to 66.35%), and the best coating grammage was 11.62 g m−2. Additionally, the reactivity of the coated paper was evaluated by further immobilization of the antibacterial agent (polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGH)) using photo-click thiol-ene and condensation reaction. The generated paper exhibited good antibacterial and water vapor barrier performance. The obvious reactivity of our CUE-coated paper indicated the great possibility to design multi-functional paper packaging materials.
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Carboxymethyl cellulose/cellulose nanocrystals immobilized silver nanoparticles as an effective coating to improve barrier and antibacterial properties of paper for food packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117156. [PMID: 33183607 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new natural formulation composed of CMC and various contents of CNC immobilized AgNPs (CNC@AgNPs) was developed for paper coating. The mechanical strength, water vapor and air barrier properties, and antibacterial activities of CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated paper improved with the increasing content of CNC@AgNPs. CMC/CNC@AgNPs7 % coated paper exhibited 1.26 times increase in tensile strength, 45.4 % decrease in WVP, 93.3 % reduction in air permeability as well as the best antibacterial activities against E.coli and S.aureus compared with uncoated paper. Moreover, the cumulative release rate of AgNPs from coated paper significantly reduced due to the immobilization effect of CNC on AgNPs. Furthermore, CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated paper was used to package strawberries under ambient conditions. The results showed that coated paper could maintain better strawberries quality compared with unpackaged strawberries and extend the shelf-life of strawberries to 7 days. Therefore, the prepared CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated paper will have a great application prospect in the food packaging.
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The Application of Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives in Pigment, Barrier, and Functional Paper Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081837. [PMID: 32824386 PMCID: PMC7466176 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant natural polymers in nature, polysaccharides have the potential to replace petroleum-based polymers that are difficult to degrade in paper coatings. Polysaccharide molecules have a large number of hydroxyl groups that can bind strongly with paper fibers through hydrogen bonds. Chemical modification can also effectively improve the mechanical, barrier, and hydrophobic properties of polysaccharide-based coating layers and thus can further improve the related properties of coated paper. Polysaccharides can also give paper additional functional properties by dispersing and adhering functional fillers, e.g., conductive particles, catalytic particles or antimicrobial chemicals, onto paper surface. Based on these, this paper reviews the application of natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, chitosan, and sodium alginate, and their derivatives in paper coatings. This paper analyzes the improvements and influences of chemical structures and properties of polysaccharides on the mechanical, barrier, and hydrophobic properties of coated paper. This paper also summarizes the researches where polysaccharides are used as the adhesives to adhere inorganic or functional fillers onto paper surface to endow paper with great surface properties or special functions such as conductivity, catalytic, antibiotic, and fluorescence.
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34
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Walzl A, Kopacic S, Bauer W, Leitner E. Comparison of the Functional Barrier Properties of Chitosan Acetate Films with Conventionally Applied Polymers. Molecules 2020; 25:E3491. [PMID: 32751975 PMCID: PMC7435448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current demand to cut back on the use of plastic materials has brought a major boost to the search for bio-based alternatives. Not only are plastic bags and primary food packaging under scrutiny here, but also those materials used as functional barriers to reduce, for example, the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) from recycled paper and board packaging. Most of the barriers now in use are synthetic, often have only moderate barrier functionalities and in addition reduce the environmentally-friendly character of cellulose-based materials. Against this background, bio-based polymers have been evaluated in terms of their functional barrier properties. Chitosan was found to be among the best performers in these materials. In this study, the behavior of a lab-made chitosan acetate film was compared with conventionally produced polymer films. The two-sided migration experiment described recently was used to determine the barrier properties of the tested materials. This not only allowed to test the intrinsic migration of the films and the permeation through them, but also to simulate real packaging situations by using a recycled paper as donor for MOH. The migrated fractions were determined using gas-chromatography-based techniques. While the conventionally produced polymer films showed only moderate barrier function, excellent results were seen for the biopolymer. It reduced the migration from the recycled paper to not detectable, singling it out as a good alternative to conventional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Walzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/2, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Samir Kopacic
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Erich Leitner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/2, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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35
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Abstract
Paper and board show many advantages as packaging materials, but the current technologies employed to obtain adequate barrier properties for food packaging use synthetic polymers coating and lamination with plastic or aluminium foils—treatments which have a negative impact on packaging sustainability, poor recyclability and lack of biodegradability. Recently, biopolymers have attracted increased attention as paper coatings, which can provide new combinations in composite formulas to meet the requirements of food packaging. The number of studies on biopolymers for developing barrier properties of packaging materials is increasing, but only a few of them are addressed to food packaging paper. Polysaccharides are viewed as the main candidates to substitute oil-based polymers in food paper coating, due to their film forming ability, good affinity for paper substrate, appropriate barrier to gases and aroma, and positive effect on mechanical strength. Additionally, these biopolymers are biodegradable, non-toxic and act as a matrix for incorporation additives with specific functionalities for coated paper (i.e., active-antimicrobial properties). This paper presents an overview on the availability and application of polysaccharides from vegetal and marine biomass in coatings for foods packaging paper. The extraction methods, chemical modification and combination routes of these biopolymers in coatings for paper packaging are discussed.
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36
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Chitosan Solution Containing Zein and Essential Oil as Bio Based Coating on Packaging Paper. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of the packaging paper surface play an important role in a variety of industries, especially in the food sector. Uncoated paper has poor water and oil barrier properties due to its porous structure. In this study, packaging paper was successfully coated with six different coating solutions containing combinations of chitosan, zein and rosemary essential oil. The chitosan and zein were actually coated in two layers; the mixed chitosan–rosemary oil and the mixed zein–rosemary oil were each applied as one layer to the paper. The results showed increased oil barrier properties in the papers coated with mixed zein–rosemary oil and reduced water permeability in the papers coated with the chitosan–rosemary oil coating solution. The result of this two-layer coating showed excellent water (Cobb60 value of 2.18 g/m2) and oil barrier properties. All the coated papers showed a high thermal stability, especially those coated with chitosan, zein and rosemary oil layer by layer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to verify the surface differences of the coated papers, such as the closed structure, pores and smoother surface, especially in the layer-wise coated samples. Due to their good mechanical and chemical properties, coated papers with rosemary oil can be used in many applications, possibly also in the field of repellents.
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37
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Zeng K, Gu J, Cao C. Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18987-18996. [PMID: 32223254 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based packaging is widely employed in industries ranging from food to beverages to pharmaceuticals because of its attractive advantages of biodegradability, recyclability, good strength, low cost, and lightweight. However, paper products usually have poor water barrier resistance properties because of paper and fibers porous microstructure. In this study, an ecofriendly water-resistant (hydrophobic) oil from biological origin, namely, palm kernel oil (PKO) was used to coat paper by using a facile and cost-effective dip-casting approach. PKO formulation was prepared by mixing with a solvent and furfuryl alcohol (FA). The water resistance, structural properties, and thermal and mechanical properties of the coated papers obtained under different processing conditions were reported and compared to understand the performance of coated paper. Contact angle (CA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal gravimetry (TGA) were used for analysis and characterization of coated papers. Data from contact angle measurements showed that the PKO formulation could considerably improve the liquid water barrier property of the paper, with a measured water contact angle (CA) of ∼120° and reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) by 22%. This novel, green, low-cost, and water-resistant paper coating made with biological and biodegradable oil is a potential candidate for replacing petroleum-based coatings used in a broad range of applications and will also be able to make an additional full use of the palm kernel oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zeng
- Laboratory for Soft Machines and Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Juan Gu
- Laboratory for Soft Machines and Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Changyong Cao
- Laboratory for Soft Machines and Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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38
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Wang W, Guo T, Sun K, Jin Y, Gu F, Xiao H. Lignin Redistribution for Enhancing Barrier Properties of Cellulose-Based Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1929. [PMID: 31771105 PMCID: PMC6960624 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable cellulose-based materials have gained increasing interest in food packaging because of its favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility, whereas the barrier properties of hydrophilic and porous fibers are inadequate for most applications. Exploration of lignin redistribution for enhancing barrier properties of paper packaging material was carried out in this work. The redistribution of nanolized alkali lignin on paper surface showed excellent water, grease, and water vapor barrier. It provided persisted water (contact angle decrease rate at 0.05°/s) and grease (stained area undetectable at 72 h) resistance under long-term moisture or oil direct contact conditions, which also inhibited the bacterial growth to certain degree. Tough water vapor transmission rate can be lowered 82% from 528 to 97 g/m2/d by lignin redistribution. The result suggests that alkali lignin, with multiple barrier properties, has great potential in bio-based application considering the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224001, China; (W.W.); (K.S.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Kaiyong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224001, China; (W.W.); (K.S.)
- Jiangsu R & D Center of the Ecological Dyes and Chemicals, Yancheng Polytechnic College, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224001, China; (W.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada
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39
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Biopolymer-Based Films Enriched with Stevia rebaudiana Used for the Development of Edible and Soluble Packaging. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing concern toward the plastic pollution of the environment, in general, and of oceans, in particular, as a result of disposable packaging in the food industry. Thus, it is extremely necessary that we identify solutions for this problem. This study was aimed at identifying a viable alternative—biopolymer-based, edible, and renewable food packaging—and succeeded in doing so. For this work, 30 films with different characteristics and properties were obtained using agar and sodium alginate as film-forming materials and glycerol for plasticization. Tests were performed, such as physical properties, microstructure, mechanical properties, microbiological characteristics, and solubility assessment, showing that edible materials can be used to package powdered products and dehydrated vegetables, or to cover fruits and vegetables, cheese slices, and sausages. These materials come from renewable resources, are easily obtained, and can be immediately applied in the food industry, thus being a viable alternative to food packaging.
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40
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Walzl A, Kopacic S, Bauer W, Leitner E. Characterization of natural polymers as functional barriers for cellulose-based packaging materials. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:976-988. [PMID: 30994406 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1600747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based packaging materials are currently the most commonly used food packaging materials due to their light weight, stability and affordable price. However, the use of recycled paper and board adds to the risk that undesirable substances migrate into the packed goods, since contaminants are not completely removed during the recycling process and can accumulate in the final product. The only available fast and practical solution that can be used to reduce the migration of these substances is the application of functional barriers in the packaging. The applied barriers are currently mostly synthetic, which either serve only a moderate barrier function and/or have the disadvantage that it is often more complex and expensive to recycle the resulting packaging material. The aim of this project is to evaluate different bio-based or biodegradable polymers with regards to their barrier properties. Due to the fact that the transport phenomena are mainly driven by (gas phase) migration, methods based on gas chromatography (GC), including GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID), GC-FID coupled online with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-GC-FID), and comprehensive GCxGC-MS were used to qualify and quantify the migrated substances. This use of a wide range of different methods and instruments yielded excellent results, allowing us to comprehensively characterize the biopolymers and their barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Walzl
- a Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Samir Kopacic
- b Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- b Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Erich Leitner
- a Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
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41
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Cataldi P, Profaizer M, Bayer IS. Preventing Water-Induced Mechanical Deterioration of Cardboard by a Sequential Polymer Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Cataldi
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro Profaizer
- Ghelfi
Ondulati
S.P.A., Via dei Lavoratori 10, 23010 Buglio in Monte, Italy
| | - Ilker S. Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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42
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Liu Z, Li J, Zhao X, Li Z, Li Q. Surface Coating for Flame Retardancy and Pyrolysis Behavior of Polyester Fabric Based on Calcium Alginate Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E875. [PMID: 30366406 PMCID: PMC6267167 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A polyester fabric, coated with calcium alginate and nano-calcium borate composites (CAB-PL), was fabricated by a post-cross-linking method, with remarkable improvement of flame retardancy and thermal stability, as compared with the original polyester fabric (PL). The mechanical properties of CAB-PL and PL were studied, and characterizations and tests including Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to evaluate the flame retardancy and thermostability. The test results of CAB-PL showed excellent mechanical strength and anti-dripping properties. In comparison with PL, TGA results indicate that the presence of surface-coated composites produced more char residue and can effectively inhibit the heat transmission, and the LOI value of CAB-PL was improved from 25 to 33. Moreover, CONE results show that 88.65% reduction of total smoke release (TSR) values was induced by the presence of CAB. In addition, the possible pyrolysis mechanisms for CAB-PL have been proposed based on the results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) analysis. The combined results can provide useful information for understanding the flame retardant mechanisms of alginates as well. In summary, polyester fabric was upgraded by coating it with the calcium alginate/nano-calcium borate, thus achieving extraordinary flame retardancy and thermal stability for various applications within the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xihui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zichao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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43
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Effects of Chitosan Coating Structure and Changes during Storage on Their Egg Preservation Performance. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8090317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the influences of chitosan coating structure and structure changes during storage on egg preservation, eggs coated by chitosan solution for single time (CS1), two times (CS2), and three times (CS3) were prepared separately and stored with untreated eggs (CK1), eggs washed by water (CK2) and eggs treated by acetic acid solution (CK3) at 25 °C, 80% RH. The weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumen pH, eggshell morphologies and infrared (FTIR—Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra of all the samples were monitored. CS2 and CS3 presented the lowest weight loss, highest Haugh unit and yolk index, stabilized pH, and the highest thickness of chitosan coating layers (>2 μm) among all the groups, which extended egg shelf life for 20 days longer compared to CK1 and CK2. CS1 with very thin chitosan coating showed similar egg qualities with CK3, which are second only to CS2 and CS3. Furthermore, destructions were found on chitosan coatings during storage as revealed by the eggshell morphologies and FTIR spectra, which caused the quality deterioration of eggs. The results demonstrated that eggs with the thickest coating showed the best qualities during storage, while destructions on coating layers led to the quality drop of eggs.
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