Development of Antidandruff Shampoo from the Fermented Product of Ocimum sanctum Linn

Novel anti-dandruff shampoo incorporated with ketoconazole-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles using green tea extract

BACKGROUND

Dandruff caused by Malassezia furfur is a prevailing fungal infection. Although ketoconazole (KTZ) is widely intended for anti-dandruff treatment, poor solubility, and epidermal permeability limits its use and the marketed KTZ shampoo adversely effects scalp and hair.

OBJECTIVE

To prepare a novel shampoo loaded with KTZ-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles using green tea extract and evaluate its antifungal activity.

METHODS

The KTZ-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles was prepared by green synthesis and was characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD, and the drug entrapment efficiency was investigated. The antifungal activity of the nanoparticles with respect to standard drug, KTZ was tested against Malassezia furfur. Further, a novel antidandruff shampoo was developed by incorporating the prepared nanoparticles into the shampoo base.

RESULTS

The formation of KTZ-coated ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by UV and FTIR analysis. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous phase of KTZ in nanoparticles. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 91.84%. The prepared nanoparticles showed enhanced activity against Malassezia furfur compared to drug of choice, KTZ (1%). The evaluation of shampoo showed an ideal result.

CONCLUSION

KTZ-coated ZnO nanoparticles loaded novel shampoo in comparison to marketed anti-dandruff shampoo could be an effective alternate for the treatment of dandruff.

Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of Fermented Ocimum sanctum Linn. Extracts Against Skin and Scalp Microorganisms

This study aimed to revealed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of fermented Ocimum sanctum Linn. (FE). The fermentation process with Lactobacillus plantarum was compared with the solvent extraction methods. Antimicrobial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Propionibacterium acnes , Candida albicans , and Malassezia furfur was investigated via broth dilution method. High performance thin layer chromatography was used to determine eugenol content. The anti-inflammation was investigated by means of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression inhibition by Western blot analysis. FE yielded the highest amount (11.93% w/w), the highest eugenol content (39.3 ± 12.6% w/w), and the highest antimicrobial activities comparing to the extracts obtained from the solvent extractions. The fungal inhibition against M . furfur 656 was equivalent to that of ketoconazole. Furthermore, the bacterial inhibition on S. aureus and S. epidermidis was compared to that of Penicillin G at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, FE had lower MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration against P. acnes than Penicillin G and also possessed comparable anti-inflammatory activity to indomethacin with the NF-κB suppression of 42.7 ± 4.6%. Therefore, FE are potentially natural anti-inflammation and antimicrobial agents for topical applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Organoleptic and physicochemical properties of natural-based herbal shampoo formulations with Cyclea peltata as a key ingredient

BACKGROUND

Synthetic shampoos have toxic chemical agents like chemicals such as parabens and sodium lauryl sulfate which damage the hair. To combat this issue, the use of natural herbal shampoos, as opposed to synthetic shampoos, is becoming increasingly popular. One of the many medicinal plants present in Karnataka and Kerala is Cyclea peltata. This plant has long been known to assist in wound healing, allergy relief, and hair and scalp improvement, as well as serving as a coolant for hair applications.

OBJECTIVE

The key subject of this research was the preparation of plant extracts and fermentation of Cyclea peltata leaf extract with Lactobacillus plantarum, resulting in the formulation of an herbal shampoo.

METHOD

The leaf extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acid, saponins, and proteins, according to previous research by this group. The fermented product showed the presence of lactic acid, which was a boon for shampoo base as it protects the hair from the sunlight and improves the texture and strength of hair fibers. Cyclea peltata was used as the main ingredient in herbal shampoo formulations, along with other herbal ingredients, and the formulated shampoo was characterized for its different organoleptic (Color, odor) and physicochemical properties (pH, solid content, wettability, emulsification, and foam stability) to find the best formulation.

RESULT

Formulation H2 showed better organoleptic and physicochemical properties and thus was chosen as the best formulation among the 11 formulations.

CONCLUSION

Formulation H2 is regarded as the best formulation based on the results of the physicochemical tests (Pleasant odor, pH 3.01, solid content of 5.75%, wettability of 1.68 s, and percentage emulsification of 68.75%).

Preparation and evaluation of a free surfactant herbal shampoo with Acanthophyllum Squarrosum Saponins

BACKGROUND

Shampoos remove fat and pus from the skin and hair. The most critical part of these products is their cleansing properties; therefore, the amount of shampoo cleanser plays an essential role in consumer acceptance.

AIM

The production of herbal shampoos from root saponins in Hawthorn can lead to the removal of these substances from shampoos. Squarrosum is one of the 23 Acanthophyllum species that is native to Iran. The root of this plant has been used traditionally as a consumption detergent due to the presence of saponins.

METHOD

To make the shampoo, saponins were extracted through several steps by a solvent after Acanthophyllum squarrosum scientific specimens had been prepared and identified The shampoo's fatigue strength was tested using the Ross-Miles method, and its cleansing power was assessed using Thompson's test.

RESULTS

The optimum formula with 15% total saponins content was evaluated.

CONCLUSION

This liquid shampoo has an excellent cleansing effect, is suitable for regular hair; has pseudoplastic rheology; and has acceptable pH, surface tension, and organoleptic stability characteristics.