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Liu Y, Zhang R, Zou N, Li H, Hu X, Fan W, Cheng Y, Zheng LY, Cao QE. A luminescent organic cocrystal for detecting 2,4-dinitroaniline. Talanta 2024; 273:125919. [PMID: 38513470 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
2,4-dinitroaniline (2,4DNBA), a significant hazardous chemical, is extensively used in industry and agriculture. The chemical accumulates in the environment for a long time, causing irreversible damage to the ecosystem. Currently, it is quite challenging to identify it by common analysis and detection techniques. Herein, a luminescent organic cocrystal (TCNB-8HQ) was prepared using 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) as the electron acceptor and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) as the electron donor. The prepared TCNB-8HQ was used as a fluorescent probe with a fast and specific response to 2,4DNBA. This detection method possessed a linear range of 0.5-200 μmol/L with a detection limit as low as 0.085 μmol/L to detect 2,4DNBA in real samples with satisfactory spiking recovery. As revealed by fluorescence spectrum and UV-vis absorption spectrum, the detection mechanism involved competitive absorption between cocrystal material and 2,4DNBA. Moreover, the feasibility of the system was explored by preparing portable indicator strips for 2,4DNBA from organic cocrystal (TCNB-8HQ). This study not only provided an environmentally friendly gram-level preparation strategy to synthesize the fluorescent material but also investigated their application in chemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Na Zou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Li-Yan Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
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2
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Turek M, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Owsianik K, Bałczewski P. New Perspectives for Antihypertensive Sartans as Components of Co-crystals and Co-amorphous Solids with Improved Properties and Multipurpose Activity. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:18-37. [PMID: 38108281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Sartans (angiotensin II receptor blockers, ARBs), drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, play a principal role in addressing the global health challenge of hypertension. In the past three years, their potential use has expanded to include the possibility of their application in the treatment of COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases (80 clinical studies worldwide). However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited by their poor solubility and bioavailability, prompting the need for innovative approaches to improve their pharmaceutical properties. This review discusses methods of co-crystallization and co-amorphization of sartans with nonpolymeric, low molecular, and stabilizing co-formers, as a promising strategy to synthesize new multipurpose drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. The solid-state forms have demonstrated the potential to address the poor solubility limitations of conventional sartan formulations and offer new opportunities to develop dual-active drugs with broader therapeutic applications. The review includes an in-depth analysis of the co-crystal and co-amorphous forms of sartans, including their properties, possible applications, and the impact of synthetic methods on their pharmacokinetic properties. By shedding light on the solid forms of sartans, this article provides valuable insights into their potential as improved drug formulations. Moreover, this review may serve as a valuable resource for designing similar solid forms of sartans and other drugs, fostering further advances in pharmaceutical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Turek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Owsianik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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3
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Trinh KTL. Microfluidic Formulation for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1587. [PMID: 38004452 PMCID: PMC10675076 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technology was recognized in the 1980s when the first micropumps and micro-valves were developed to manipulate fluids for biological applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- BioNano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ferreira PO, de Almeida AC, Costa GDP, Torquetti C, Baptista JA, Eusébio MES, Caires FJ, Castro RAE. Norfloxacin Cocrystals: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Scale-up Viability Through Solubility Studies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2230-2239. [PMID: 36921800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals are recognized as one of the most efficient approaches to improve aqueous solubility of Biopharmaceutical Classification System, BCS, classes II and IV drugs. Cocrystal discovery and the establishment of experimental conditions suitable for scale-up purposes are some of the main challenges in cocrystal investigation. In this work, the investigation of mechanochemical synthesis of norfloxacin cocrystals with picolinic and isonicotinic acids is performed, leading to the discovery of two new cocrystals of this important BCS class IV antibiotic, which were characterized through thermal, spectral and diffractometric analysis. Norfloxacin apparent aqueous solubility using the cocrystals is also presented, with higher values being obtained for all the investigated systems when compared to the pure drug. Norfloxacin has 3 polymorphs and several solvents/hydrates, which represents a challenge for obtaining pure cocrystal forms from solvent crystallization. This challenge was successfully overcome in this work, as experimental conditions to obtain the pure cocrystals (the new ones and also norfloxacin-nicotinic acid and norfloxacin-saccharin) were established using Crystal16 equipment. This is a crucial step to envisage future scale-up procedures and therefore a valuable information for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Torquetti
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, 17033-360, Bauru, Brazil
| | - João A Baptista
- CQC/IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Flavio J Caires
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, 17033-360, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A E Castro
- CQC/IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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Structural and thermal analyses of metaxalone with succinic, adipic and salicylic acids. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Lech A, Garbacz P, Sikorski A, Gazda M, Wesolowski M. New Saccharin Salt of Chlordiazepoxide: Structural and Physicochemical Examination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912050. [PMID: 36233346 PMCID: PMC9570060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the formation of organic salts can improve the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the aim of this work was to prepare an organic salt of chlordiazepoxide with saccharin. To achieve this goal, the saccharin salt of chlordiazepoxide was obtained from a physical mixture of both components by grinding them with a small volume of solvent and by crystallizing them with complete evaporation of the solvent. The resulting salt was examined by methods such as Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SCXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the studies proved that saccharin salt of chlordiazepoxide crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group with one chlordiazepoxide cation and one saccharin anion in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal of the title compound, the chlordiazepoxide cation and the saccharin anion interact through strong N–H···O hydrogen bonds and weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds. The disappearance of the N–H band in the FT-IR spectrum of saccharin may indicate a shift of this proton towards chlordiazepoxide, while the disappearance of the aromatic bond band in the chlordiazepoxide ring in the Raman spectrum may suggest the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between chlordiazepoxide molecules. The melting point of the salts differs from that of the starting compounds. Thermal decomposition of the salt begins above 200 °C and shows at least two overlapping stages of mass loss. In summary, the results of the research showed that the crystalline salt of the saccharin and chlordiazepoxide can be obtained by various methods: grinding with the addition of acetonitrile and crystallization from acetonitrile or a mixture of methanol with methylene chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lech
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Garbacz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Sikorski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Gazda
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-15-25
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7
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Chauhan V, Mardia R, Patel M, Suhagia B, Parmar K. Technical and Formulation Aspects of Pharmaceutical Co‐Crystallization: A Systematic Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishva Chauhan
- Affiliation: a-ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy Namdha campus Vapi Gujarat India 396191
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Rajnikant Mardia
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Bhanu Suhagia
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Komal Parmar
- Affiliation: a-ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy Namdha campus Vapi Gujarat India 396191
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8
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Nano- and Crystal Engineering Approaches in the Development of Therapeutic Agents for Neoplastic Diseases. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a global quandary that requires the administration of many different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with different characteristics. As is the case with many APIs, cancer treatments exhibit poor aqueous solubility which can lead to low drug absorption, increased doses, and subsequently poor bioavailability and the occurrence of more adverse events. Several strategies have been envisaged to overcome this drawback, specifically for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. These include crystal engineering, in which new crystal structures are formed to improve drug physicochemical properties, and/or nanoengineering in which the reduction in particle size of the pristine crystal results in much improved physicochemical properties. Co-crystals, which are supramolecular complexes that comprise of an API and a co-crystal former (CCF) held together by non-covalent interactions in crystal lattice, have been developed to improve the performance of some anti-cancer drugs. Similarly, nanosizing through the formation of nanocrystals and, in some cases, the use of both crystal and nanoengineering to obtain nano co-crystals (NCC) have been used to increase the solubility as well as overall performance of many anticancer drugs. The formulation process of both micron and sub-micron crystalline formulations for the treatment of cancers makes use of relatively simple techniques and minimal amounts of excipients aside from stabilizers and co-formers. The flexibility of these crystalline formulations with regards to routes of administration and ability to target neoplastic tissue makes them ideal strategies for effectiveness of cancer treatments. In this review, we describe the use of crystalline formulations for the treatment of various neoplastic diseases. In addition, this review attempts to highlight the gaps in the current translation of these potential treatments into authorized medicines for use in clinical practice.
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9
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Abstract
Co-crystallization from multi-component solutions occurs in many solids formation processes. The measurement or simulative description of concentration courses in the fluid vicinity of a growing crystalline substrate is difficult for such systems. These are relevant with respect to developing concentrations of crystallizing components at the solid-liquid interface due to diffusion fluxes in the solution. Concentrations may change such that unintended crystalline states can develop. With Fickian multi-component diffusion modeling we are able to simulate the timely evolution of the concentrations in the diffusion boundary layer during crystallization of various solid entities. Not only single solvate crystallization is modeled but also co-crystallization from multi-component solutions with different solvate states. The simulations are run with the assumption that diffusion limitation dominates. However, the model can be easily adapted to integration limitation. The interdependence of two diffusing components is taken into account in Fick’s multicomponent diffusion with a diffusion coefficient between these two components. We show that the consideration of so called cross-diffusion effects between dissolved materials can be neglected during crystallization of single decahydrates and during co-crystallization of anhydrous electrolytes. The presented model is also capable of fitting crystal growth kinetics with single point desupersaturation measurements in a thin film. In addition to the study of the kinetic parameters, the simulation allows the determination of the spatial concentration evolution from the single point concentration measurements.
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10
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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11
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Ohyama M, Amari S, Takiyama H. Operation Design of Co-Crystallization Using Homogeneity Evaluation Including “Single Component Excess” Index. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.21we090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Ohyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Shuntaro Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Hiroshi Takiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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12
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Jensen KB, Mikkelsen JH, Jensen SP, Kidal S, Friberg G, Skrydstrup T, Gustafsson MBF. New Phenol Esters for Efficient pH-Controlled Amine Acylation of Peptides, Proteins, and Sepharose Beads in Aqueous Media. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:172-179. [PMID: 34962390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the discovery, synthesis, and use of novel water-soluble acylation reagents for efficient and selective modification, cross-linking, and labeling of proteins and peptides, as well as for their use in the effective modification of sepharose beads under pH control in aqueous media. The reagents are based on a 2,4-dichloro-6-sulfonic acid phenol ester core combined with a variety of linker structures. The combination of these motifs leads to an ideal balance between hydrolytic stability and reactivity. At high pH, good to excellent conversions (up to 95%) and regioselectivity (up to 99:1 Nε/Nα amine ratio) in the acylation were realized, exemplified by the chemical modification of incretin peptides and insulin. At neutral pH, an unusually high preference toward the N-terminal phenylalanine in an insulin derivative was observed (>99:1 Nα/Nε), which is up until now unprecedented in the literature for more elaborate reagents. In addition, the unusually high hydrolytic stability of these reagents and their ability to efficiently react at low concentrations (28 μM or 0.1 mg/mL) are exemplified with a hydroxy linker-based reagent and are a unique feature of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim B Jensen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Mikkelsen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Simon P Jensen
- CMC API Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Smørmosevej 17-19, Bagsværd 2880, Denmark
| | - Steffen Kidal
- CMC API Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Smørmosevej 17-19, Bagsværd 2880, Denmark
| | - Gitte Friberg
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
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13
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Ge R, Zhu Y, Wang H, Gu S. Methods and Application of Absolute Configuration Assignment for Chiral Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Boycov D, Manin AN, Drozd KV, Andrei C, Perlovich GL. Thermal Methods Usage Features for Multicomponent Crystals Screening. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effectiveness of thermal methods, liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), and crystallization by slow evaporation technique for screening of multicomponent crystals of quinolones (nalidixic acid (NLD), oxolinic acid (OXL), norfloxacin (NFX), levofloxacin (LFX),...
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15
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Obtaining Cocrystals by Reaction Crystallization Method: Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060898. [PMID: 34204318 PMCID: PMC8234160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystals have gained attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to improve solubility, stability, in vitro dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Conceptually, cocrystals are multicomponent solids that contain two or more neutral molecules in stoichiometric amounts within the same crystal lattice. There are several techniques for obtaining cocrystals described in the literature; however, the focus of this article is the Reaction Crystallization Method (RCM). This method is based on the generation of a supersaturated solution with respect to the cocrystal, while this same solution is saturated or unsaturated with respect to the components of the cocrystal individually. The advantages of the RCM compared with other cocrystallization techniques include the ability to form cocrystals without crystallization of individual components, applicability to the development of in situ techniques for the screening of high quality cocrystals, possibility of large-scale production, and lower cost in both time and materials. An increasing number of scientific studies have demonstrated the use of RCM to synthesize cocrystals, mainly for drugs belonging to class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. The promising results obtained by RCM have demonstrated the applicability of the method for obtaining pharmaceutical cocrystals that improve the biopharmaceutical characteristics of drugs.
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16
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Wong SN, Chen YCS, Xuan B, Sun CC, Chow SF. Cocrystal engineering of pharmaceutical solids: therapeutic potential and challenges. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystal production and its potential in reviving problematic properties of drugs in different dosage forms. The challenges and future outlook of its translational development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Chee Sonia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bianfei Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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