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Borge M, Ellis CJ. Interactions of moisture and light drive lichen growth and the response to climate change scenarios: experimental evidence for Lobaria pulmonaria. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:43-58. [PMID: 38430562 PMCID: PMC11161569 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is growing interest in the functional ecology of poikilohydric non-vascular photoautotrophs (NVPs), including 'cryptogamic' bryophytes and lichens. These organisms are structurally important in many ecosystems, contributing substantially to ecosystem function and services, while also being sensitive to climate change. Previous research has quantified the climate change response of poikilohydric NVPs using predictive bioclimatic models with standard climate variables including precipitation totals and temperature averages. This study aimed for an improved functional understanding of their climate change response based on their growth rate sensitivity to moisture and light. METHODS We conducted a 24-month experiment to monitor lichen hydration and growth. We accounted for two well-known features in the ecology of poikilohydric NVPs, and exemplified here for a structurally dominant lichen epiphyte, Lobaria pulmonaria: (1) sensitivity to multiple sources of atmospheric moisture including rain, condensed dew-formation and water vapour; and (2) growth determined by the amount of time hydrated in the light, driving photosynthesis, referred to as the Iwet hypothesis. KEY RESULTS First, we found that even within an oceanic high-rainfall environment, lichen hydration was better explained by vapour pressure deficit than precipitation totals. Second, growth at a monthly resolution was positively related to the amount of time spent hydrated in the light, and negatively related to the amount of time spent hydrated in the dark. CONCLUSIONS Using multimodel averaging to project growth models for an ensemble of future climate change scenarios, we demonstrated reduced net growth for L. pulmonaria by the late 21st century, explained by extended climate dryness and lichen desiccation for periods when there is otherwise sufficient light to drive photosynthesis. The results further emphasize a key issue of photoperiodism when constructing functionally relevant models to understand the risk of climate change, especially for poikilohydric NVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Borge
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
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Pan H, Hou R, Zhang H, Li Y, Huang Z, Cui L, Xiao W. Surviving at the highest and coldest: Nutritional and chemical components of fallback foods for Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11219. [PMID: 38628920 PMCID: PMC11019302 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fallback foods (FBF), categorized into staple and filler types, are suboptimal food sources chosen by animals in response to a scarcity of preferred food items during specific periods. Using lichens as FBF by Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) represents a distinctive ecological adaptation and evolutionary development within nonhuman primates. This study delves into the annual dietary choices of the species to address issues, elucidate the nutritional value, and understand the ecological significance of lichens for this primate species, which resides at the highest altitudes and experiences the coldest weather among global primates. The findings reveal that the lichens consumed by the monkeys serve as the staple FBF, with Bryoria spp. and Usnea longissima being the primary dietary species. The former is the preferred choice, providing higher digestible fiber (neutral detergent fiber) levels but lower tannin, fat, ADF, and energy levels. During the dry season, lichens dominate as the monkeys' primary food and nutritional resources. In the wet season, they act as a fundamental food selection rather than an ideal dietary choice, substituting nutrients from fruits, seeds, and leaves. Compared to other Asian colobine counterparts, this species exhibits the highest lichen consumption but the lowest proportions of leaves, flowers, and seeds. This study provides valuable evidence and information for developing or amending conservation strategies and guidelines for the dietary management of captive breeding of monkeys, one of the world's critically endangered primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- Institute of Eastern‐Himalaya Biodiversity ResearchDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates ConservationDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
| | - Rong Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - He Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Institute of Eastern‐Himalaya Biodiversity ResearchDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of ChinaDaliYunnanChina
| | - Zhipang Huang
- Institute of Eastern‐Himalaya Biodiversity ResearchDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates ConservationDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of ChinaDaliYunnanChina
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in YunnanSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Liangwei Cui
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in YunnanSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunling Black‐and‐White Snub‐Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan ProvinceDaliYunnanChina
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern‐Himalaya Biodiversity ResearchDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates ConservationDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of ChinaDaliYunnanChina
- Yunling Black‐and‐White Snub‐Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan ProvinceDaliYunnanChina
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Moya P, Chiva S, Catalá M, Garmendia A, Casale M, Gomez J, Pazos T, Giordani P, Calatayud V, Barreno E. Lichen Biodiversity and Near-Infrared Metabolomic Fingerprint as Diagnostic and Prognostic Complementary Tools for Biomonitoring: A Case Study in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1064. [PMID: 37998870 PMCID: PMC10672448 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1990s, a sampling network for the biomonitoring of forests using epiphytic lichen diversity was established in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. This area registered air pollution impacts by winds from the Andorra thermal power plant, as well as from photo-oxidants and nitrogen depositions from local and long-distance transport. In 1997, an assessment of the state of lichen communities was carried out by calculating the Index of Atmospheric Purity. In addition, visible symptoms of morphological injury were recorded in nine macrolichens pre-selected by the speed of symptom evolution and their wide distribution in the territory. The thermal power plant has been closed and inactive since 2020. During 2022, almost 25 years later, seven stations of this previously established biomonitoring were revaluated. To compare the results obtained in 1997 and 2022, the same methodology was used, and data from air quality stations were included. We tested if, by integrating innovative methodologies (NIRS) into biomonitoring tools, it is possible to render an integrated response. The results displayed a general decrease in biodiversity in several of the sampling plots and a generalised increase in damage symptoms in the target lichen species studied in 1997, which seem to be the consequence of a multifactorial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moya
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE)—Departament de Botànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, E-46100 València, Spain; (S.C.); (T.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Salvador Chiva
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE)—Departament de Botànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, E-46100 València, Spain; (S.C.); (T.P.); (E.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalá
- Instituto de Investigación de Cambio Global (IICG), Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Science & Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, E-28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Alfonso Garmendia
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain;
| | - Monica Casale
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Jose Gomez
- Instituto de Investigación de Cambio Global (IICG), Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Science & Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, E-28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Tamara Pazos
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE)—Departament de Botànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, E-46100 València, Spain; (S.C.); (T.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, Charles R. Darwin, 14, Paterna, E-46980 València, Spain;
| | - Eva Barreno
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE)—Departament de Botànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, E-46100 València, Spain; (S.C.); (T.P.); (E.B.)
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Lõhmus A, Motiejūnaitė J, Lõhmus P. Regionally Varying Habitat Relationships in Lichens: The Concept and Evidence with an Emphasis on North-Temperate Ecosystems. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030341. [PMID: 36983509 PMCID: PMC10056719 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat ecology of lichens (lichen-forming fungi) involves diverse adaptations to stressful environments where lichens use specific habitat conditions. Field observations confirm that such habitat ‘preferences’ can vary significantly across species’ distribution ranges, sometimes revealing abrupt changes over short distances. We critically review and generalize such empirical evidence as broad ecological patterns, link these with the likely physiological mechanisms and evolutionary processes involved, and outline the implications for lichen conservation. Non-replicated correlative studies remain only suggestive because the data are frequently compromised by sampling bias and pervasive random errors; further noise is related to unrecognized cryptic species. Replicated evidence exists for three macroecological patterns: (a) regional limiting factors excluding a species from a part of its microhabitat range in suboptimal areas; (b) microhabitat shifts to buffer regionally adverse macroclimates; (c) substrate suitability changed by the chemical environment, notably air pollution. All these appear to be primarily buffering physiological challenges of the adverse conditions at the macrohabitat scale or, in favorable environments, coping with competition or predation. The roles of plasticity, adaptation, dispersal, and population-level stochasticity remain to be studied. Although lichens can inhabit various novel microhabitats, there is no evidence for a related adaptive change. A precautionary approach to lichen conservation is to maintain long-term structural heterogeneity in lichen habitats, and consider lichen ecotypes as potential evolutionarily significant units and a bet-hedging strategy for addressing the climate change-related challenges to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asko Lõhmus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jurga Motiejūnaitė
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Piret Lõhmus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Porada P, Bader MY, Berdugo MB, Colesie C, Ellis CJ, Giordani P, Herzschuh U, Ma Y, Launiainen S, Nascimbene J, Petersen I, Raggio Quílez J, Rodríguez-Caballero E, Rousk K, Sancho LG, Scheidegger C, Seitz S, Van Stan JT, Veste M, Weber B, Weston DJ. A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1495-1504. [PMID: 36511294 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world-wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat-specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on: (1) potential for acclimation; (2) response to elevated CO2 ; (3) role of the microbiome; and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Porada
- Ecological Modelling, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maaike Y Bader
- Ecological Plant Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Monica B Berdugo
- Ecological Plant Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Colesie
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
| | | | | | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute, Telegrafenberg A45, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yunyao Ma
- Ecological Modelling, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuli Launiainen
- Ecosystems and Modeling, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Imke Petersen
- Ecological Modelling, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - José Raggio Quílez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, København, Denmark
| | - Leopoldo G Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Scheidegger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Seitz
- Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19-23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John T Van Stan
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Maik Veste
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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Stanton DE, Ormond A, Koch NM, Colesie C. Lichen ecophysiology in a changing climate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16131. [PMID: 36795943 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are one of the most iconic and ubiquitous symbioses known, widely valued as indicators of environmental quality and, more recently, climate change. Our understanding of lichen responses to climate has greatly expanded in recent decades, but some biases and constraints have shaped our present knowledge. In this review we focus on lichen ecophysiology as a key to predicting responses to present and future climates, highlighting recent advances and remaining challenges. Lichen ecophysiology is best understood through complementary whole-thallus and within-thallus scales. Water content and form (vapor or liquid) are central to whole-thallus perspectives, making vapor pressure differential (VPD) a particularly informative environmental driver. Responses to water content are further modulated by photobiont physiology and whole-thallus phenotype, providing clear links to a functional trait framework. However, this thallus-level perspective is incomplete without also considering within-thallus dynamics, such as changing proportions or even identities of symbionts in response to climate, nutrients, and other stressors. These changes provide pathways for acclimation, but their understanding is currently limited by large gaps in our understanding of carbon allocation and symbiont turnover in lichens. Lastly, the study of lichen physiology has mainly prioritized larger lichens at high latitudes, producing valuable insights but underrepresenting the range of lichenized lineages and ecologies. Key areas for future work include improving geographic and phylogenetic coverage, greater emphasis on VPD as a climatic factor, advances in the study of carbon allocation and symbiont turnover, and the incorporation of physiological theory and functional traits in our predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Stanton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Amaris Ormond
- Global Change Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH3 9FF, UK
| | - Natalia M Koch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Claudia Colesie
- Global Change Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH3 9FF, UK
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Meyer AR, Valentin M, Liulevicius L, McDonald TR, Nelsen MP, Pengra J, Smith RJ, Stanton D. Climate warming causes photobiont degradation and carbon starvation in a boreal climate sentinel lichen. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16114. [PMID: 36462151 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The long-term potential for acclimation by lichens to changing climates is poorly known, despite their prominent roles in forested ecosystems. Although often considered "extremophiles," lichens may not readily acclimate to novel climates well beyond historical norms. In a previous study (Smith et al., 2018), Evernia mesomorpha transplants in a whole-ecosystem climate change experiment showed drastic mass loss after 1 yr of warming and drying; however, the causes of this mass loss were not addressed. METHODS We examined the causes of this warming-induced mass loss by measuring physiological, functional, and reproductive attributes of lichen transplants. RESULTS Severe loss of mass and physiological function occurred above +2°C of experimental warming. Loss of algal symbionts ("bleaching") and turnover in algal community compositions increased with temperature and were the clearest impacts of experimental warming. Enhanced CO2 had no significant physiological or symbiont composition effects. The functional loss of algal photobionts led to significant loss of mass and specific thallus mass (STM), which in turn reduced water-holding capacity (WHC). Although algal genotypes remained detectable in thalli exposed to higher stress, within-thallus photobiont communities shifted in composition toward greater diversity. CONCLUSIONS The strong negative impacts of warming and/or lower humidity on Evernia mesomorpha were driven by a loss of photobiont activity. Analogous to the effects of climate change on corals, the balance of symbiont carbon metabolism in lichens is central to their resilience to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Meyer
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Maria Valentin
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Laima Liulevicius
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Tami R McDonald
- Biology Department, Saint Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55105, USA
| | - Matthew P Nelsen
- The Field Museum, Negaunee Integrative Research Center and Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60605, USA
| | - Jean Pengra
- Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55105, USA
| | - Robert J Smith
- Air Resource Management Program, USDA Forest Service Headquarters, Biological and Physical Resources, Washington, DC, 20250, USA
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
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Kumar D, Pandey A, Rawat S, Joshi M, Bajpai R, Upreti DK, Singh SP. Predicting the distributional range shifts of Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. in Indian Himalayan Region under future climate scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61579-61593. [PMID: 34351582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Himalaya, the highest mountain system in the world and house of important biodiversity hotspot, is sensitive to projected warming by climate change. Rhizocarpon geographicum (map lichen), a crustose lichen, grows in high mountain ranges, is a potential indicator species of climate change. In the present study, MaxEnt species distribution modeling algorithm was used to predict the suitable habitat for R. geographicum in current and future climate scenarios. Nineteen bioclimatic variables from WorldClim database, along with elevation, were used to predict the current distribution and three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios by integrating three general circulation models (GCMs) for future distribution of species covering years 2050 and 2070. Furthermore, we performed change analysis to identify the precise difference between the current and future distribution of suitable areas of the species for delineating habitat range expansion (gain), habitat contraction (loss), and stable habitats. The final ensemble model obtained had average test value 0.968, and its predicted ~ 27.5% of the geographical area in the Indian Himalayan Region is presently climatically suitable for the species. The predicted highly suitable area for R. geographicum is observed to be declining in Northwestern Himalaya, and it is shifting towards the higher elevation areas of the Eastern Himalaya. The projected distribution in future under the RCP scenarios (RCP 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) showed the range expansion towards higher elevations, and it is more pronounced for the extreme future scenarios (RCP 8.5) than for the moderate and intermediate climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0). However, assuming that species can migrate to previously unoccupied areas, the model forecasts a habitat loss of 10.86-16.51% for R. geographicum, which is expected due to increase in mean annual temperature by 1.5-3.7 °C. The predictive MaxEnt modeling approach for mapping lichen will contribute significantly to the understanding of the impact of climate change in Himalayan ecosystems with wide implications for drawing suitable conservation plans and to take adaptation and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
| | - Aseesh Pandey
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Mayank Joshi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- Lichenology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Dalip Kumar Upreti
- Lichenology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Central Himalayan Environment Association (CHEA), 06-Waldorf Compound, Mallital, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263 001, India
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Di Nuzzo L, Benesperi R, Nascimbene J, Papini A, Malaspina P, Incerti G, Giordani P. Little time left. Microrefuges may fail in mitigating the effects of climate change on epiphytic lichens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153943. [PMID: 35189219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is already causing considerable reductions in biodiversity in all terrestrial ecosystems. These consequences are expected to be exacerbated in biomes that are particularly exposed to change, such as those in the Mediterranean, and in certain groups of more sensitive organisms, such as epiphytic lichens. These poikylohydric organisms find suitable light and water conditions on trunks under the tree canopy. Despite their small size, epiphytic communities contribute significantly to the functionality of forest ecosystems. In this work, we surveyed epiphytic lichen communities in a Mediterranean area (Sardinia, Italy) and hypothesized that 1) the effect of microclimate on lichens at tree scale is mediated by the functional traits of these organisms and that 2) micro-refuge trees with certain morphological characteristics can mitigate the negative effects of future climate change. Results confirm the first hypothesis, while the second is only partially supported, suggesting that the capability of specific trees to host specific conditions may not be sufficient to maintain the diversity and ecosystem functionality of lichen communities in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Nuzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Esseen P, Ekström M, Grafström A, Jonsson BG, Palmqvist K, Westerlund B, Ståhl G. Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3293-3309. [PMID: 35156274 PMCID: PMC9310866 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thin, hair-like lichens (Alectoria, Bryoria, Usnea) form conspicuous epiphyte communities across the boreal biome. These poikilohydric organisms provide important ecosystem functions and are useful indicators of global change. We analyse how environmental drivers influence changes in occurrence and length of these lichens on Norway spruce (Picea abies) over 10 years in managed forests in Sweden using data from >6000 trees. Alectoria and Usnea showed strong declines in southern-central regions, whereas Bryoria declined in northern regions. Overall, relative loss rates across the country ranged from 1.7% per year in Alectoria to 0.5% in Bryoria. These losses contrasted with increased length of Bryoria and Usnea in some regions. Occurrence trajectories (extinction, colonization, presence, absence) on remeasured trees correlated best with temperature, rain, nitrogen deposition, and stand age in multinomial logistic regression models. Our analysis strongly suggests that industrial forestry, in combination with nitrogen, is the main driver of lichen declines. Logging of forests with long continuity of tree cover, short rotation cycles, substrate limitation and low light in dense forests are harmful for lichens. Nitrogen deposition has decreased but is apparently still sufficiently high to prevent recovery. Warming correlated with occurrence trajectories of Alectoria and Bryoria, likely by altering hydration regimes and increasing respiration during autumn/winter. The large-scale lichen decline on an important host has cascading effects on biodiversity and function of boreal forest canopies. Forest management must apply a broad spectrum of methods, including uneven-aged continuous cover forestry and retention of large patches, to secure the ecosystem functions of these important canopy components under future climates. Our findings highlight interactions among drivers of lichen decline (forestry, nitrogen, climate), functional traits (dispersal, lichen colour, sensitivity to nitrogen, water storage), and population processes (extinction/colonization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Per‐Anders Esseen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Magnus Ekström
- Department of Statistics, USBEUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Anton Grafström
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Bengt Gunnar Jonsson
- Department of Natural SciencesMid Sweden UniversitySundsvallSweden
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Environmental SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Kristin Palmqvist
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Bertil Westerlund
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Göran Ståhl
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
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11
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Nelsen MP, Leavitt SD, Heller K, Muggia L, Lumbsch HT. Contrasting Patterns of Climatic Niche Divergence in Trebouxia-A Clade of Lichen-Forming Algae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:791546. [PMID: 35242115 PMCID: PMC8886231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.791546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen associations are overwhelmingly supported by carbon produced by photosynthetic algal symbionts. These algae have diversified to occupy nearly all climates and continents; however, we have a limited understanding of how their climatic niches have evolved through time. Here we extend previous work and ask whether phylogenetic signal in, and the evolution of, climatic niche, varies across climatic variables, phylogenetic scales, and among algal lineages in Trebouxia—the most common genus of lichen-forming algae. Our analyses reveal heterogeneous levels of phylogenetic signal across variables, and that contrasting models of evolution underlie the evolution of climatic niche divergence. Together these analyses demonstrate the variable processes responsible for shaping climatic tolerance in Trebouxia, and provide a framework within which to better understand potential responses to climate change-associated perturbations. Such predictions reveal a disturbing trend in which the pace at which modern climate change is proceeding will vastly exceed the rate at which Trebouxia climatic niches have previously evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Nelsen
- The Field Museum, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Steven D Leavitt
- Department of Biology, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Kathleen Heller
- The Field Museum, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucia Muggia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- The Field Museum, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Vančurová L, Malíček J, Steinová J, Škaloud P. Choosing the Right Life Partner: Ecological Drivers of Lichen Symbiosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:769304. [PMID: 34970234 PMCID: PMC8712729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.769304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are an iconic example of symbiotic systems whose ecology is shaped by the requirements of the symbionts. Previous studies suggest that fungal (mycobionts) as well as photosynthesizing (phycobionts or cyanobionts) partners have a specific range of acceptable symbionts that can be chosen according to specific environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of climatic conditions and mycobiont identity on phycobiont distribution within the lichen genera Stereocaulon, Cladonia, and Lepraria. The study area comprised the Canary Islands, Madeira, Sicily, and the Aeolian Islands, spanning a wide range of climatic conditions. These islands are known for their unique and diverse fauna and flora; however, lichen phycobionts have remained unstudied in most of these areas. In total, we genetically analyzed 339 lichen samples. The phycobiont pool differed significantly from that outside the studied area. Asterochloris mediterranea was identified as the most abundant phycobiont. However, its distribution was limited by climatic constraints. Other species of Asterochloris and representatives of the genera Chloroidium, Vulcanochloris, and Myrmecia were also recovered as phycobionts. The selection of symbiotic partners from the local phycobiont pool was driven by mycobiont specificity (i.e., the taxonomic range of acceptable partners) and the environmental conditions, mainly temperature. Interestingly, the dominant fungal species responded differently in their selection of algal symbionts along the environmental gradients. Cladonia rangiformis associated with its phycobiont A. mediterranea in a broader range of temperatures than Stereocaulon azoreum, which favors other Asterochloris species along most of the temperature gradient. Stereocaulon vesuvianum associated with Chloroidium spp., which also differed in their temperature optima. Finally, we described Stereocaulon canariense as a new endemic species ecologically distinct from the other Stereocaulon species on the Canary Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vančurová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Malíček
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Jana Steinová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Škaloud
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Macroclimatic conditions as main drivers for symbiotic association patterns in lecideoid lichens along the Transantarctic Mountains, Ross Sea region, Antarctica. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23460. [PMID: 34873261 PMCID: PMC8648759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecideoid lichens as dominant vegetation-forming organisms in the climatically harsh areas of the southern part of continental Antarctica show clear preferences in relation to environmental conditions (i.e. macroclimate). 306 lichen samples were included in the study, collected along the Ross Sea coast (78°S–85.5°S) at six climatically different sites. The species compositions as well as the associations of their two dominant symbiotic partners (myco- and photobiont) were set in context with environmental conditions along the latitudinal gradient. Diversity values were nonlinear with respect to latitude, with the highest alpha diversity in the milder areas of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (78°S) and the most southern areas (Durham Point, 85.5°S; Garden Spur, 84.5°S), and lowest in the especially arid and cold Darwin Area (~ 79.8°S). Furthermore, the specificity of mycobiont species towards their photobionts decreased under more severe climate conditions. The generalist lichen species Lecanora fuscobrunnea and Lecidea cancriformis were present in almost all habitats, but were dominant in climatically extreme areas. Carbonea vorticosa, Lecidella greenii and Rhizoplaca macleanii were confined to milder areas. In summary, the macroclimate is considered to be the main driver of species distribution, making certain species useful as bioindicators of climate conditions and, consequently, for assessing the consequences of climate change.
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Paoli L, Fačkovcová Z, Lackovičová A, Guttová A. Air pollution in Slovakia (Central Europe): a story told by lichens (1960–2020). Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Modelling range dynamics of terricolous lichens of the genus Peltigera in the Alps under a climate change scenario. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Khanov Z, Pshegusov R. Modeling of population dynamics of the protected lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in the Caucasus. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of biological diversity of lichens, reduction of the distribution of rare species and their disappearance due to habitat disturbance are significant problems in the Caucasus. The aim was to study the main patterns of distribution of the rare lichen species Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. and included identification the main abiotic factors affecting the distribution of the species in region. We modeled the current habitats of Lobaria pulmonaria in the Caucasus by using the Maxent method (Maximum entropy modelling). The most suitable for distribution of the lichen were the wettest areas of the southern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus. The center of the predicted range of L. pulmonaria was currently located on the Black Sea coast, in the mid-mountain areas of Krasnodar region, Georgia and Abkhazia. The minimum probability of finding the species predicted in relatively arid areas with a more continental climate in the Central and, especially, Eastern Caucasus. Temperature and orographic (Topographical Ruggedness Index, topographical humidity Index) factors are also important in the distribution of the studied species.
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17
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Migliozzi A, Catalano I, Mingo A, Aprile GG. Detecting the drivers of functional diversity in a local lichen flora: a case study on the extinct volcano of Roccamonfina (southern Italy). Oecologia 2020; 194:757-770. [PMID: 33129203 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies for conservation reportedly suffer from an inadequate awareness of the drivers affecting lichen diversity, pointing to the need to fully develop a functional approach to lichen ecology. This study is an attempt to detect the drivers affecting functional diversity in the lichen flora of a volcanic Mediterranean area. Data on epiphytic lichen distribution were correlated with information coming from a GIS analysis. Species richness, functional diversity and indicator values of lichens species were analyzed as a function of altitude, bioclimatic patterns and land use patterns. Both taxonomic and functional diversity were found to increase with altitude, peaking at 600 m a.s.l. and slightly decreasing at higher elevations. A filtering effect of altitude on lichen growth-forms was detected at increasing altitude, with foliose isidiate lichens replacing crustose lichens with sexual reproduction, cyanobacteria replacing Trentepohlia as photobiont, and oligotrophic species linked to partially shaded environments gradually replacing species indicating eutrophic conditions. Forest stations impacted by low impact traditional agriculture tended to express higher lichen diversity compared to either undisturbed broadleaved forests or intensive orchards. These data demonstrate the need to integrate traditional low-impact agricultural practices in protected areas. Moreover, they provide the evidence that reanalyzing past and recent lichenological censuses with the proposed analytical tools may help previewing and driving the evolution of endangered ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Migliozzi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Catalano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mingo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Grazia Aprile
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
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18
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Nascimbene J, Benesperi R, Casazza G, Chiarucci A, Giordani P. Range shifts of native and invasive trees exacerbate the impact of climate change on epiphyte distribution: The case of lung lichen and black locust in Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139537. [PMID: 32485454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While changing climatic conditions may directly impact species distribution ranges, indirect effects related to altered biotic interactions may exacerbate range shifts. This situation fully applies to epiphytic lichens that are sensitive to climatic factors and strongly depend on substrate occurrence and features for their dispersal and establishment. In this work, we modelled the climatic suitability across Italy under current and future climate of the forest species Lobaria pulmonaria, the lung lichen. Comparatively, we modelled the suitability of its main tree species in Italy, as well as that of the alien tree Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust, whose spread may cause the decline of many forest lichen species. Our results support the view that climate change may cause range shifts of epiphytes by altering the spatial pattern of their climatic suitability (direct effect) and simultaneously causing range shifts of their host-tree species (indirect effect). This phenomenon seems to be emphasized by the invasion of alien trees, as in the case of black locust, that may replace native host tree species. Results indicate that a reduction of the habitat suitability of the lung lichen across Italy should be expected in the face of climate change and that this is coupled with a loss of suitable substrate. This situation seems to be determined by two main processes that act simultaneously: 1) a partial reduction of the spatial overlap between the climatic niche of the lung lichen and that of its host tree species, and 2) the invasion of native woods by black locust. The case of lung lichen and black locust in Italy highlights that epiphytes are prone to both direct and indirect effects of climate change. The invasion of alien trees may have consequences that are still poorly evaluated for epiphytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Casazza
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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19
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Cladonia subturgida (Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes), an overlooked, but common species in the Mediterranean region. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCladonia subturgida is a Mediterranean species that has been overlooked. Apparently it was restricted to the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands. However, during the study of the genus Cladonia in the Mediterranean region, new populations from 44 localities were found in: south France, Sardinia, south Italian peninsula, Crete and continental Greece. Distribution models based on MaxEnt, GLM, GAM and MARS algorithms were used to estimate the potential distribution of C. subturgida. Sicily, Corsica and the north of Africa were regions with suitable climatic conditions for C. subturgida where it has not been reported yet. The climatic variables with greatest relative influence in the C. subturgida distribution were the Precipitation of Warmest Quarter and the Annual Precipitation. Additionally, the ITS rDNA region was used to study the genetic variation of this species across its distribution area. Eleven haplotypes were found, one of them widely distributed through its geographical range. AMOVA analyses indicated lack of geographical structure.
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20
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Hao T, Guillera-Arroita G, May TW, Lahoz-Monfort JJ, Elith J. Using Species Distribution Models For Fungi. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Spribille T. Lichen symbionts outside of symbiosis: how do they find their match? A commentary on: 'A case study on the re-establishment of the cyanolichen symbiosis: where do the compatible photobionts come from?'. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:vi-vii. [PMID: 31626704 PMCID: PMC6798826 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: J. L. H. Cardós, M. Prieto, M. Jylhä, G. Aragón, M. C. Molina, I. Martínez, and J. Rikkinen. 2019. A case study on the re-establishment of the cyanolichen symbiosis: where do the compatible photobionts come from? Annals of Botany 124(3): 379–388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Spribille
- Department of Biological Sciences CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Oh SY, Woo JJ, Hur JS. Distribution of Foliicolous Lichen Strigula and Genetic Structure of S. multiformis on Jeju Island, South Korea. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E430. [PMID: 31658641 PMCID: PMC6843442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigula is a pantropic foliicolous lichen living on the leaf surfaces of evergreen broadleaf plants. In South Korea, Strigula is the only genus of foliicolous lichen recorded from Jeju Island. Several Strigula species have been recorded, but the ecology of Strigula in South Korea has been largely unexplored. This study examined the distribution and genetic structure of Strigula on Jeju Island. The distribution was surveyed and the influence of environmental factors (e.g., elevation, forest availability, and bioclimate) on the distribution was analyzed using a species distribution modeling analysis. In addition, the genetic variations and differentiation of Strigula multiformis populations were analyzed using two nuclear ribosomal regions. The distribution of Strigula was largely restricted to a small portion of forest on Jeju Island, and the forest availability was the most important factor in the prediction of potential habitats. The genetic diversity and differentiation of the S. multiformis population were found to be high and were divided according to geography. On the other hand, geographic and environmental distance did not explain the population differentiation. Distribution and population genetic analysis suggested that the available habitat and genetic exchange of Strigula on Jeju Island are limited by the lack of available forest in the lowlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yoon Oh
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Jung-Jae Woo
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, 415 Gwangneungsumok-ro, Pocheon 11186, Korea.
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
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Morando M, Matteucci E, Nascimbene J, Borghi A, Piervittori R, Favero-Longo SE. Effectiveness of aerobiological dispersal and microenvironmental requirements together influence spatial colonization patterns of lichen species on the stone cultural heritage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:1066-1074. [PMID: 31390697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal patterns of lichen species in monumental and archaeological sites and their relationships with spatial population structure are almost unknown, hampering predictions on colonization dynamics that are fundamental for planning conservation strategies. In this work, we tested if the local abundance and distribution pattern of some common lichen species on carbonate stones of heritage sites may be related to their patterns of propagule dispersal. We combined analyses of the spatial population structure of eight species on the calcareous balustrade of a heritage site in Torino (NW Italy) with aerobiological analyses. In situ and laboratory analyses were mainly focused on the ejection of ascospores and their air take-off and potential dispersal at short and long distance. Results indicate that the spatial distribution of lichens on the stone surfaces is influenced by both species-specific patterns of propagule dispersal and microenvironmental requirements. In particular, apotheciate species that have a higher ejection of ascospores with higher potential for long range dispersal are candidate for a much aggressive spreading on the monumental surfaces. Moreover, their occurrence on natural or artificial stone surfaces in the surroundings of the stone monumental surface may easily support recolonization dynamics after cleaning interventions, as an effective supply of propagules is expected. On the other hand, species with a lower dispersal rate have a more clustered distribution and are less effective in rapid recolonization, thus representing a minor threat for cultural heritage conservation. These results support the idea that information on the reproductive strategy and dispersal patterns of lichens should be coupled with traditional analyses on stone bioreceptivity and microclimatic conditions to plan effective restoration interventions of stone surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morando
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - E Matteucci
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - J Nascimbene
- Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, Bologna, Italy.
| | - A Borghi
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - R Piervittori
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - S E Favero-Longo
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms susceptible to environmental alteration due to their morphological and physiological features. For this reason, researchers and decision-makers are extensively using lichen biomonitoring for assessing the effects of various anthropogenic disturbances. The Special Issue was launched to fulfil some knowledge gaps in this field, such as the development of procedures to interpret and compare results. The SI includes three reviews that explore the application of lichen biomonitoring for detecting the effects of climate change. Three articles and one review paper examined the use at a decision level of biomonitoring of air pollution employing lichens, including the application in environmental forensic. Finally, six research articles are illustrative examples of lichen biomonitoring in poorly known habitats, providing data from the physiological to the community level of observation, and pose the basis for extending comparable approaches on a global scale.
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