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Cervantes-Torres J, Cabello-Gutiérrez C, Ayón-Núñez DA, Soldevila G, Olguin-Alor R, Diaz G, Acero G, Segura-Velázquez R, Huerta L, Gracia-Mora I, Cobos L, Pérez-Tapia M, Almagro JC, Suárez-Güemes F, Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Laclette JP. Caveats of chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccines to boost anti-SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:179. [PMID: 38280035 PMCID: PMC10821985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines use adenovirus vectors to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Immunization with these vaccines promotes immunity against the S protein, but against also the adenovirus itself. This could interfere with the entry of the vaccine into the cell, reducing its efficacy. Herein, we evaluate the efficiency of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine (chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus, AZD1222) in boosting the specific immunity compared to that induced by a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based vaccine without viral vector. Mice immunized with the AZD1222 human vaccine were given a booster 6 months later, with either the homologous vaccine or a recombinant vaccine based on RBD of the delta variant, which was prevalent at the start of this study. A significant increase in anti-RBD antibody levels was observed in rRBD-boosted mice (31-61%) compared to those receiving two doses of AZD1222 (0%). Significantly higher rates of PepMix™- or RBD-elicited proliferation were also observed in IFNγ-producing CD4 and CD8 cells from mice boosted with one or two doses of RBD, respectively. The lower efficiency of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine in boosting specific immunity could be the result of a pre-existing anti-vector immunity, induced by increased levels of anti-adenovirus antibodies found both in mice and humans. Taken together, these results point to the importance of avoiding the recurrent use of the same adenovirus vector in individuals with immunity and memory against them. It also illustrates the disadvantages of ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine with respect to recombinant protein vaccines, which can be used without restriction in vaccine-booster programs. KEY POINTS: • ChAdOx1 adenovirus vaccine (AZD1222) may not be effective in boosting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity • A recombinant RBD protein vaccine is effective in boosting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in mice • Antibodies elicited by the rRBD-delta vaccine persisted for up to 3 months in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Dolores-Adriana Ayón-Núñez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguin-Alor
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Georgina Diaz
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Acero
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Segura-Velázquez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Unidad de Experimentación Preclínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Cobos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapeúticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Almagro
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapeúticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Suárez-Güemes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pedro Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Islas-Vazquez L, Alvarado-Alvarado YC, Cruz-Aguilar M, Velazquez-Soto H, Villalobos-Gonzalez E, Ornelas-Hall G, Perez-Tapia SM, Jimenez-Martinez MC. Evaluation of the Abdala Vaccine: Antibody and Cellular Response to the RBD Domain of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1787. [PMID: 38140191 PMCID: PMC10748004 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdala is a recently released RBD protein subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. A few countries, including Mexico, have adopted Abdala as a booster dose in their COVID-19 vaccination schemes. Despite that, most of the Mexican population has received full-scheme vaccination with platforms other than Abdala; little is known regarding Abdala's immunological features, such as its antibody production and T- and B-cell-specific response induction. This work aimed to study antibody production and the adaptive cellular response in the Mexican population that received the Abdala vaccine as a booster. We recruited 25 volunteers and evaluated their RBD-specific antibody production, T- and B-cell-activating profiles, and cytokine production. Our results showed that the Abdala vaccine increases the concentration of RBD IgG-specific antibodies. Regarding the cellular response, after challenging peripheral blood cultures with RBD, the plasmablast (CD19+CD27+CD38High) and transitional B-cell (CD19+CD21+CD38High) percentages increased significantly, while T cells showed an increased activated phenotype (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD69+ and CD3+CD4+CD25+HLA-DR+). Also, IL-2 and IFN-γ increased significantly in the supernatant of the RBD-stimulated cells. Our results suggest that Abdala vaccination, used as a booster, evokes antibody production and the activation of previously generated memory against the SARS-CoV-2 RBD domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (L.I.-V.)
| | - Yan Carlos Alvarado-Alvarado
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (L.I.-V.)
| | - Marisa Cruz-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (L.I.-V.)
| | - Henry Velazquez-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (L.I.-V.)
| | - Eduardo Villalobos-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Hospitalaria, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Gloria Ornelas-Hall
- Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Hospitalaria, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Perez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Maria C. Jimenez-Martinez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (L.I.-V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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3
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Godínez-Palma S, González-González E, Ramírez-Villedas F, Garzón-Guzmán C, Vallejo-Castillo L, Carballo-Uicab G, Marcelín-Jiménez G, Batista D, Pérez-Tapia SM, Almagro JC. Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity Profiles of a Broad Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody. Viruses 2023; 15:1733. [PMID: 37632075 PMCID: PMC10459920 DOI: 10.3390/v15081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the isolation and characterization of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, called IgG-A7, that protects transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) from an infection with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan. We show here that IgG-A7 protected 100% of the transgenic mice infected with Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) at doses of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, we studied the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and toxicology (Tox) of IgG-A7 in CD-1 mice at single doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The PK parameters at these high doses were proportional to the doses, with serum half-life of ~10.5 days. IgG-A7 was well tolerated with no signs of toxicity in urine and blood samples, nor in histopathology analyses. Tissue cross-reactivity (TCR) with a panel of mouse and human tissues showed no evidence of IgG-A7 interaction with the tissues of these species, supporting the PK/Tox results and suggesting that, while IgG-A7 has a broad efficacy profile, it is not toxic in humans. Thus, the information generated in the CD-1 mice as a PK/Tox model complemented with the mouse and human TCR, could be of relevance as an alternative to Non-Human Primates (NHPs) in rapidly emerging viral diseases and/or quickly evolving viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Godínez-Palma
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Edith González-González
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Frida Ramírez-Villedas
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Circe Garzón-Guzmán
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Gregorio Carballo-Uicab
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Marcelín-Jiménez
- Pharmometrica Analytical & Statistics Unit, Av. Eje 5 Norte 990, Edificio “C” planta baja, Mexico City 02230, Mexico; (G.M.-J.); (D.B.)
| | - Dany Batista
- Pharmometrica Analytical & Statistics Unit, Av. Eje 5 Norte 990, Edificio “C” planta baja, Mexico City 02230, Mexico; (G.M.-J.); (D.B.)
| | - Sonia M. Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Almagro
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.G.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (F.R.-V.); (C.G.-G.); (L.V.-C.); (G.C.-U.)
- Laboratorio Nacional Para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) Para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- GlobalBio, Inc., 320 Concord Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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4
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Discovery and Optimization of Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using ALTHEA Gold Plus Libraries™. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054609. [PMID: 36902040 PMCID: PMC10003557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the isolation and characterization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a phage display library built with the VH repertoire of a convalescent COVID-19 patient, paired with four naïve synthetic VL libraries. One of the antibodies, called IgG-A7, neutralized the Wuhan, Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) strains in authentic neutralization tests (PRNT). It also protected 100% transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, the four synthetic VL libraries were combined with the semi-synthetic VH repertoire of ALTHEA Gold Libraries™ to generate a set of fully naïve, general-purpose, libraries called ALTHEA Gold Plus Libraries™. Three out of 24 specific clones for the RBD isolated from the libraries, with affinity in the low nanomolar range and sub-optimal in vitro neutralization in PRNT, were affinity optimized via a method called "Rapid Affinity Maturation" (RAM). The final molecules reached sub-nanomolar neutralization potency, slightly superior to IgG-A7, while the developability profile over the parental molecules was improved. These results demonstrate that general-purpose libraries are a valuable source of potent neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, since general-purpose libraries are "ready-to-use", it could expedite isolation of antibodies for rapidly evolving viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Islas-Vazquez L, Cruz-Aguilar M, Velazquez-Soto H, Jiménez-Corona A, Pérez-Tapia SM, Jimenez-Martinez MC. Effector-Memory B-Lymphocytes and Follicular Helper T-Lymphocytes as Central Players in the Immune Response in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Populations against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101761. [PMID: 36298626 PMCID: PMC9607383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been recognized as having a central role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic; however, most vaccine development research is focused on IgG-induced antibodies. Here, we analyzed the generation of IgGs related to SARS-CoV-2 and the changes in B- and T-lymphocyte proportions following vaccination against COVID-19. We included samples from 69 volunteers inoculated with the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), Astra Zeneca (AZD1222 Covishield), or Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccines. IgGs related to SARS-CoV-2 increased after the first vaccine dose compared with the nonvaccinated group (Pfizer, p = 0.0001; Astra Zeneca, p < 0.0001; Sputnik V, p = 0.0089). The results of the flow cytometry analysis of B- and T-lymphocytes showed a higher proportion of effector-memory B-lymphocytes in both first and second doses when compared with the nonvaccinated subjects. FcRL4+ cells were increased in second-dose-vaccinated COVID-19(−) and recovered COVID-19(+) participants when compared with the nonvaccinated participants. COVID-19(−) participants showed a lower proportion of follicular helper T-lymphocytes (TFH) in the second dose when compared with the first-vaccine-dose and nonvaccinated subjects. In conclusion, after the first vaccine dose, immunization against SARS-CoV-2 induces IgG production, and this could be mediated by TFH and effector-memory B-lymphocytes. Our data can be used in the design of vaccine schedules to evaluate immuno-bridging from a cellular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Marisa Cruz-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Henry Velazquez-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Aida Jiménez-Corona
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Health Secretariat, General Directorate of Epidemiology, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico or
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Maria C. Jimenez-Martinez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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6
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Hernández-Solis A, Güemes-González AM, Ruiz-Gómez X, Álvarez-Maldonado P, Castañeda-Casimiro J, Flores-López A, Ramírez-Guerra MA, Muñoz-Miranda O, Madera-Sandoval RL, Arriaga-Pizano LA, Nieto-Patlán A, Estrada-Parra S, Pérez-Tapia SM, Serafín-López J, Chacón-Salinas R, Escobar-Gutiérrez A, Soria-Castro R, Ruiz-Sánchez BP, Wong-Baeza I. IL-6, IL-10, sFas, granulysin and indicators of intestinal permeability as early biomarkers for a fatal outcome in COVID-19. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152288. [PMID: 36209721 PMCID: PMC9527226 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ranges between mild respiratory symptoms and a severe disease that shares many of the features of sepsis. Sepsis is a deregulated response to infection that causes life-threatening organ failure. During sepsis, the intestinal epithelial cells are affected, causing an increase in intestinal permeability and allowing microbial translocation from the intestine to the circulation, which exacerbates the inflammatory response. Here we studied patients with moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 by measuring a panel of molecules representative of the innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which also reflect the presence of systemic inflammation and the state of the intestinal barrier. We found that non-surviving COVID-19 patients had higher levels of low-affinity anti-RBD IgA antibodies than surviving patients, which may be a response to increased microbial translocation. We identified sFas and granulysin, in addition to IL-6 and IL-10, as possible early biomarkers with high sensitivity (>73 %) and specificity (>51 %) to discriminate between surviving and non-surviving COVID-19 patients. Finally, we found that the microbial metabolite d-lactate and the tight junction regulator zonulin were increased in the serum of patients with severe COVID-19 and in COVID-19 patients with secondary infections, suggesting that increased intestinal permeability may be a source of secondary infections in these patients. COVID-19 patients with secondary infections had higher disease severity and mortality than patients without these infections, indicating that intestinal permeability markers could provide complementary information to the serum cytokines for the early identification of COVID-19 patients with a high risk of a fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hernández-Solis
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Azmavet M Güemes-González
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ximena Ruiz-Gómez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Álvarez-Maldonado
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Castañeda-Casimiro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Argelia Flores-López
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Alicia Ramírez-Guerra
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Muñoz-Miranda
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth L Madera-Sandoval
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes A Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Nieto-Patlán
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (l+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Gutiérrez
- Coordinación de Investigaciones Inmunológicas, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Patricia Ruiz-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Westhill, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a Broadly Neutralizing Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Isolated from a Semi-Immune Phage Display Library. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030057. [PMID: 36134953 PMCID: PMC9496002 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 are among the most promising strategies to prevent and/or treat COVID-19. However, as SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into new variants, most of the neutralizing antibodies authorized by the US FDA and/or EMA to treat COVID-19 have shown reduced efficacy or have failed to neutralize the variants of concern (VOCs), particularly B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Previously, we reported the discovery and characterization of antibodies with high affinity for SARS-CoV-2 RBD Wuhan (WT), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) strains. One of the antibodies, called IgG-A7, also blocked the interaction of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) with the RBDs of the three strains, suggesting it may be a broadly SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Herein, we show that IgG-A7 efficiently neutralizes all the three SARS-CoV-2 strains in plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). In addition, we demonstrate that IgG-A7 fully protects K18-hACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT. Taken together, our findings indicate that IgG-A7 could be a suitable candidate for development of antibody-based drugs to treat and/or prevent SARS-CoV-2 VOCs infection.
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8
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Almagro JC, Mellado-Sánchez G, Pedraza-Escalona M, Pérez-Tapia SM. Evolution of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179763. [PMID: 36077159 PMCID: PMC9456190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first COVID-19 reports back in December of 2019, this viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has claimed millions of lives. To control the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or European Agency of Medicines (EMA) have granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to nine therapeutic antibodies. Nonetheless, the natural evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has generated numerous variants of concern (VOCs) that have challenged the efficacy of the EUA antibodies. Here, we review the most relevant characteristics of these therapeutic antibodies, including timeline of approval, neutralization profile against the VOCs, selection methods of their variable regions, somatic mutations, HCDR3 and LCDR3 features, isotype, Fc modifications used in the therapeutic format, and epitope recognized on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. One of the conclusions of the review is that the EUA therapeutic antibodies that still retain efficacy against new VOCs bind an epitope formed by conserved residues that seem to be evolutionarily conserved as thus, critical for the RBD:hACE-2 interaction. The information reviewed here should help to design new and more efficacious antibodies to prevent and/or treat COVID-19, as well as other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Almagro
- GlobalBio, Inc., 320 Concord Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.C.A.); (S.M.P.-T.)
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- CONACyT-Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sonia M. Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.C.A.); (S.M.P.-T.)
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9
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Antoine D, Mohammadi M, Vitt M, Dickie JM, Jyoti SS, Tilbury MA, Johnson PA, Wawrousek KE, Wall JG. Rapid, Point-of-Care scFv-SERS Assay for Femtogram Level Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Sens 2022; 7:866-873. [PMID: 35271769 PMCID: PMC8961876 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, on-site identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections is an important tool in the control and management of COVID-19. We have developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay for highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Single-chain Fv (scFv) recombinant antibody fragments that bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were isolated by biopanning a human scFv library. ScFvs were conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles and SERS nanotags, followed by immunocomplex formation and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a limit of detection of 257 fg/mL in 30 min in viral transport medium. The assay also detected B.1.1.7 ("alpha"), B.1.351 ("beta"), and B.1.617.2 ("delta") spike proteins, while no cross-reactivity was observed with the common human coronavirus HKU1 spike protein. Inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected at 4.1 × 104 genomes/mL, which was 10-100-fold lower than virus loads typical of infectious individuals. The assay exhibited higher sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 than commercial lateral flow assays, was compatible with viral transport media and saliva, enabled rapid pivoting to detect new virus variants, and facilitated highly sensitive, point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical and public health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Antoine
- Microbiology,
College of Science and Engineering, and SFI Centre for Medical Devices
(CÚRAM), National University of Ireland,
Galway (NUI Galway), Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Moein Mohammadi
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
| | - Madison Vitt
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
| | - Julia Marie Dickie
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
| | | | - Maura A. Tilbury
- Microbiology,
College of Science and Engineering, and SFI Centre for Medical Devices
(CÚRAM), National University of Ireland,
Galway (NUI Galway), Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Patrick A. Johnson
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
| | - Karen E. Wawrousek
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Microbiology,
College of Science and Engineering, and SFI Centre for Medical Devices
(CÚRAM), National University of Ireland,
Galway (NUI Galway), Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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10
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Antibodies Isolated from a SARS-CoV-2 Delta Semi-Immune Phage Display Library. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010013. [PMID: 35225871 PMCID: PMC8883901 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the discovery and characterization of antibodies with potential broad SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profiles. The antibodies were obtained from a phage display library built with the VH repertoire of a convalescent COVID-19 patient who was infected with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta). The patient received a single dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine (Convidecia™, CanSino Biologics Inc.) one month before developing COVID-19 symptoms. Four synthetic VL libraries were used as counterparts of the immune VH repertoire. After three rounds of panning with SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain wildtype (RBD-WT) 34 unique scFvs, were identified, with 27 cross-reactive for the RBD-WT and RBD Delta (RBD-DT), and seven specifics for the RBD-WT. The cross-reactive scFvs were more diverse than the RBD-WT specific ones, being encoded by several IGHV genes from the IGHV1 and IGHV3 families combined with short HCDR3s. Six cross-reactive scFvs and one RBD-WT specific scFv were converted to human IgG1 (hIgG1). Out of the seven antibodies, six blocked the RBD-WT binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), suggesting these antibodies may neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, one of the antibodies also recognized the RBD from the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) isolate, implying that the VH repertoire of the convalescent patient would protect against SARS-CoV-2 Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron. From a practical viewpoint, the triple cross-reactive antibody provides the substrate for developing therapeutic antibodies with a broad SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profile.
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