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Dey MK, Iftesum M, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. New technologies and reagents in lateral flow assay (LFA) designs for enhancing accuracy and sensitivity. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4351-4376. [PMID: 37615701 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a popular method for quick and affordable diagnostic testing because they are easy to use, portable, and user-friendly. However, LFA design has always faced challenges regarding sensitivity, accuracy, and complexity of the operation. By integrating new technologies and reagents, the sensitivity and accuracy of LFAs can be improved while minimizing the complexity and potential for false positives. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), photoacoustic techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the integration of smartphones and thermal readers can improve LFA accuracy and sensitivity. To ensure reliable and accurate results, careful assay design and validation, appropriate controls, and optimization of assay conditions are necessary. Continued innovation in LFA technology is crucial to improving the reliability and accuracy of rapid diagnostic testing and expanding its applications to various areas, such as food testing, water quality monitoring, and environmental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Dey
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Maria Iftesum
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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2
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Mousseau F, Féraudet Tarisse C, Simon S, Gacoin T, Alexandrou A, Bouzigues CI. Multititration: The New Method for Implementing Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Multiplexed In-Field Immunoassays Despite Cross-Reactivity? Anal Chem 2023; 95:13509-13518. [PMID: 37639578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The accurate in-field titration of multiple pathogens is essential to efficiently describe and monitor environmental or biological contamination, isolate, act, and treat adequately. This underscores the requirement of portable, fast, quantitative, and multiplexed detection technologies, which, however, have not been properly developed so far, notably because it has been hindered by the phenomenon of cross-reactivity. In this work, we proposed a new analytical method based on the imaging through a portable device of lanthanide-based nanoparticles (YVO4:Eu) for spatially multiplexed detection, relying on a multiparameter analysis, i.e., a simultaneous analysis of all of the luminescence signals through the comparison to a calibration surface built in the presence of multiple analytes of interest. We then demonstrated the possibility to simultaneously quantify by multiplexed lateral flow assay (xLFA) the three enterotoxins SEG, SEH, and SEI in unknown mixtures, over two concentration decades (from a dozen of pg·mL-1 to few ng·mL-1). Assays were performed in less than an hour (25 min of strip migration followed by 30 min of drying at room temperature), the time during which the presence of the operator was not required for more than 5 min, in order to dip the strip and have it imaged by the reader. The concepts of nominal concentration recovery, coefficient of variation (CV), limit of blank (LOB), and limit of detection (LOD) were discussed in detail in the context of multiplexed assays. With our new definitions, quantitative results demonstrated a high recovery of the nominal concentrations (115%), reliability (CV = 20%), and sensitivity (LOBs of 3, 27, and 6 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI respectively, and LODs of 6, 48, and 11 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI, respectively). Based on this method, we observed an increase in sensitivity of 100 compared to the other multiplexed LFA labeled with gold particles and we approached the sensitivity of the simplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same capture and detection antibodies. To conclude, our results, which are applicable to virtually any kind of multiplexed test, pave the way to the next generation of in-field analytical immunoassays by providing fast, quantitative, and highly sensitive multiplexed detection of biomarkers or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mousseau
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Féraudet Tarisse
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cédric Ismael Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Biswas R, Dudani H, Lakhera P, Pal AK, Kurbah P, Bhatia D, Dhok A, Kashyap RS. Challenges and future solutions for detection of Clostridioides difficile in adults. Ann Gastroenterol 2023; 36:369-377. [PMID: 37396008 PMCID: PMC10304531 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2023.0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no established standards for the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), even though the importance of this infection in humans is well known. The effectiveness of the commercially available techniques, which are all standardized for use with human feces, is also limited in terms of the accuracy of the tests. Furthermore, the current approach lacks a point-of-care diagnosis with an acceptable range of sensitivity and specificity. This article reviews the challenges and possible future solutions for the detection of CDI in adults. Existing diagnostic methods, such as enzyme-linked immunoassays and microbial culturing for the detection of toxins A and B, appear to work poorly in samples but exhibit great sensitivity for glutamate dehydrogenase. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and nucleic acid amplification tests have been investigated in a few studies on human samples, but so far have shown poor turnaround times. Thus, developing a multiplex point-of-care test assay with high sensitivity and specificity is required as a bedside approach for diagnosing this emerging infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Biswas
- Research Laboratory, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur (Rima Biswas, Hemanshi Dudani, Rajpal Singh Kashyap)
| | - Hemanshi Dudani
- Research Laboratory, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur (Rima Biswas, Hemanshi Dudani, Rajpal Singh Kashyap)
| | - Praveen Lakhera
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh and CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh (Praveen Lakhera)
| | - Arun Kumar Pal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (Arun Kumar Pal)
| | - Phibalari Kurbah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya (Phibalari Kurbah, Dinesh Bhatia)
| | - Dinesh Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya (Phibalari Kurbah, Dinesh Bhatia)
| | - Archana Dhok
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Archana Dhok), India
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Research Laboratory, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur (Rima Biswas, Hemanshi Dudani, Rajpal Singh Kashyap)
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4
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Patil AA, Kaushik P, Jain RD, Dandekar PP. Assessment of Urinary Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases Using Lateral Flow Assays: A Comprehensive Overview. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:9-22. [PMID: 36512677 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Screening of biomarkers is a powerful approach for providing a holistic view of the disease spectrum and facilitating the diagnosis and prognosis of the state of infectious diseases. Unaffected by the homeostasis mechanism in the human body, urine accommodates systemic changes and reflects the pathophysiological condition of an individual. Easy availability in large volumes and non-invasive sample collection have rendered urine an ideal source of biomarkers for various diseases. Infectious diseases may be communicable, and therefore early diagnosis and treatment are of immense importance. Current diagnostic approaches preclude the timely identification of clinical conditions and also lack portability. Point-of-care (POC) testing solutions have gained attention as alternative diagnostic measures due to their ability to provide rapid and on-site results. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the mainstay in POC device development and have attracted interest owing to their potential to provide instantaneous results in resource-limited settings. The discovery and optimization of a definitive biomarker can render POC testing an excellent platform, thus impacting unwarranted antibiotic administration and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. This Review summarizes the importance of urine as an emerging biological fluid in infectious disease research and diagnosis in clinical settings. We review the academic research related to LFAs. Further, we also describe commercial POC devices based on the identification of urinary biomarkers as diagnostic targets for infectious diseases. We also discuss the future use of LFAs in developing more effective POC tests for urinary biomarkers of various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini A Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Preeti Kaushik
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh D Jain
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Prajakta P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
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Sena-Torralba A, Álvarez-Diduk R, Parolo C, Piper A, Merkoçi A. Toward Next Generation Lateral Flow Assays: Integration of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14881-14910. [PMID: 36067039 PMCID: PMC9523712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are currently the most used
point-of-care
sensors for both diagnostic (e.g., pregnancy test, COVID-19 monitoring)
and environmental (e.g., pesticides and bacterial monitoring) applications.
Although the core of LFA technology was developed several decades
ago, in recent years the integration of novel nanomaterials as signal
transducers or receptor immobilization platforms has brought improved
analytical capabilities. In this Review, we present how nanomaterial-based
LFAs can address the inherent challenges of point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics
such as sensitivity enhancement, lowering of detection limits, multiplexing,
and quantification of analytes in complex samples. Specifically, we
highlight the strategies that can synergistically solve the limitations
of current LFAs and that have proven commercial feasibility. Finally,
we discuss the barriers toward commercialization and the next generation
of LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Piper
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Manessis G, Gelasakis AI, Bossis I. Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Farm Animal Diseases: From Biosensors to Integrated Lab-on-Chip Devices. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:455. [PMID: 35884258 PMCID: PMC9312888 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses and animal diseases threaten human health and livestock biosecurity and productivity. Currently, laboratory confirmation of animal disease outbreaks requires centralized laboratories and trained personnel; it is expensive and time-consuming, and it often does not coincide with the onset or progress of diseases. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are rapid, simple, and cost-effective devices and tests, that can be directly applied on field for the detection of animal pathogens. The development of POC diagnostics for use in human medicine has displayed remarkable progress. Nevertheless, animal POC testing has not yet unfolded its full potential. POC devices and tests for animal diseases face many challenges, such as insufficient validation, simplicity, and portability. Emerging technologies and advanced materials are expected to overcome some of these challenges and could popularize animal POC testing. This review aims to: (i) present the main concepts and formats of POC devices and tests, such as lateral flow assays and lab-on-chip devices; (ii) summarize the mode of operation and recent advances in biosensor and POC devices for the detection of farm animal diseases; (iii) present some of the regulatory aspects of POC commercialization in the EU, USA, and Japan; and (iv) summarize the challenges and future perspectives of animal POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Manessis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Adunphatcharaphon S, Elliott CT, Sooksimuang T, Charlermroj R, Petchkongkaew A, Karoonuthaisiri N. The evolution of multiplex detection of mycotoxins using immunoassay platform technologies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128706. [PMID: 35339833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins present serious threats not only for public health, but also for the economy and environment. The problems become more complex and serious due to co-contamination of multiple hazardous mycotoxins in commodities and environment. To mitigate against this issue, accurate, affordable, and rapid multiplex detection methods are required. This review presents an overview of emerging rapid immuno-based multiplex methods capable of detecting mycotoxins present in agricultural products and feed ingredients published within the past five years. The scientific principles, advantages, disadvantages, and assay performance of these rapid multiplex immunoassays, including lateral flow, fluorescence polarization, chemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical sensor, and nanoarray are discussed. From the recent literature landscape, it is predicted that the future trend of the detection methods for multiple mycotoxins will rely on the advance of various sensor technologies, a variety of enhancing and reporting signals based on nanomaterials, rapid and effective sample preparation, and capacity for quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowalak Adunphatcharaphon
- School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Biological Sciences Building, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | - Thanasat Sooksimuang
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ratthaphol Charlermroj
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Awanwee Petchkongkaew
- School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Biological Sciences Building, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Biological Sciences Building, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Otoo JA, Schlappi TS. REASSURED Multiplex Diagnostics: A Critical Review and Forecast. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020124. [PMID: 35200384 PMCID: PMC8869588 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of infectious diseases is ineffective when the diagnostic test does not meet one or more of the necessary standards of affordability, accessibility, and accuracy. The World Health Organization further clarifies these standards with a set of criteria that has the acronym ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users). The advancement of the digital age has led to a revision of the ASSURED criteria to REASSURED: Real-time connectivity, Ease of specimen collection, Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free or simple, and Deliverable to end-users. Many diagnostic tests have been developed that aim to satisfy the REASSURED criteria; however, most of them only detect a single target. With the progression of syndromic infections, coinfections and the current antimicrobial resistance challenges, the need for multiplexed diagnostics is now more important than ever. This review summarizes current diagnostic technologies for multiplexed detection and forecasts which methods have promise for detecting multiple targets and meeting all REASSURED criteria.
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Chen X, Ding L, Huang X, Xiong Y. Tailoring noble metal nanoparticle designs to enable sensitive lateral flow immunoassay. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:574-602. [PMID: 34976202 PMCID: PMC8692915 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as signal reporters is a popular point-of-care diagnostic technique. However, given the weak absorbance of traditional 20-40 nm spherical AuNPs, their sensitivity is low, which greatly limits the wide application of AuNP-based LFIA. With the rapid advances in materials science and nanotechnology, the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) has enhanced physicochemical properties such as optical, plasmonic, catalytic, and multifunctional activity by simply engineering their physical parameters, including the size, shape, composition, and external structure. Using these engineered NMNPs as an alternative to traditional AuNPs, the sensitivity of LFIA has been significantly improved, thereby greatly expanding the working range and application scenarios of LFIA, particularly in trace analysis. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the design of engineered NMNPs and their demonstration in improving LFIA. We highlight the strategies available for tailoring NMNP designs, the effect of NMNP engineering on their performance, and the working principle of each engineering design for enhancing LFIA. Finally, current challenges and future improvements in this field are briefly discussed.
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10
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Berry ME, Kearns H, Graham D, Faulds K. Surface enhanced Raman scattering for the multiplexed detection of pathogenic microorganisms: towards point-of-use applications. Analyst 2021; 146:6084-6101. [PMID: 34492668 PMCID: PMC8504440 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a technique that demonstrates a number of advantages for the rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, an overview of label-free and label-based SERS approaches, including microfluidics, nucleic acid detection and immunoassays, for the multiplexed detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses from the last decade will be discussed, as well as their transition into promising point-of-use detection technologies in industrial and medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Berry
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Hayleigh Kearns
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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Mousseau F, Féraudet Tarisse C, Simon S, Gacoin T, Alexandrou A, Bouzigues CI. Luminescent lanthanide nanoparticle-based imaging enables ultra-sensitive, quantitative and multiplexed in vitro lateral flow immunoassays. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14814-14824. [PMID: 34533151 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs) have been extensively used on-site to rapidly detect analytes, possibly in complex media. However, standard gold nanoparticle-based LFAs lack sensitivity and cannot provide quantitative measurements with high accuracy. To overcome these limitations, we image lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (YVO4:Eu 40%) as new luminescent LFA probes, using a homemade reader coupled to a smartphone and propose an original image analysis allowing strip quantification regardless of the shape of the test band signal. This method is demonstrated for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA, SEG, SEH, and SEI. A systematic comparison to state-of-the-art gold nanoparticle-based LFA revealed an analytical sensitivity enhancement of at least one order of magnitude. We furthermore provided measurements of absolute toxin concentration over two orders of magnitude and demonstrated simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple toxins with unaltered sensitivity. In particular, we reached concentrations 100 times lower than the ones reported in the literature for on-site multiplexed LFA targeting enterotoxins. Altogether, these results highlight that our luminescent nanoparticle-based method provides a powerful and versatile on-site framework to detect multiple biomolecules with sensitivity approaching that obtained by ELISA. This paves the way to a change of paradigm in the field of analytical immunoassays by providing fast in situ quantitative high sensitivity detection of biomarkers or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mousseau
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - C Féraudet Tarisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Simon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - C I Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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Hofmann ER, Davidson C, Chen H, Zacharko M, Dorton JE, Kilper GK, Graves C, Miklos AE, Rhea K, Ma J, Goodwin BG, Sozhamannan S. Blind Spot: A Braille Patterned Novel Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassay Sensor Array for the Detection of Biothreat Agents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22700-22708. [PMID: 34514241 PMCID: PMC8427625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) are simple, point-of-care diagnostic devices used for detecting biological agents or other analytes of interest in a sample. LFIs are predominantly singleplex assays, interrogating one target analyte at a time. There is a need for multiplex LFI devices, e.g., a syndromic panel to differentiate pathogens causing diseases exhibiting similar symptoms. Multiplex LFI devices would be especially valuable in instances where sample quantity is limiting and reducing assay time and costs is critical. There are limitations to the design parameters and performance characteristics of a multiplex LFI assay with many horizontal test lines due to constraints in capillary flow dynamics. To address some of the performance issues, we have developed a spot array multiplex LFI using Braille format (hence called Blind Spot) and a sensor, MACAW (Modular Automated Colorimetric Analyses Widget), that can analyze and interpret the results. As a proof of concept, we created a multiplex toxin panel, for detecting three toxins, using two letter codes for each. The results indicated that the six-plex, triple toxin assay performs as well as singleplex assays. The sensor-based calls are better compared to human interpretation in discriminating and interpreting ambiguous test results correctly especially at lower antigen concentrations and from strips with blemishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Randal Hofmann
- EXCET,
Inc., Springfield, Virginia 22150, United States
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | - Hsiu Chen
- Maxim
Biomedical, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Melody Zacharko
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aleksandr E. Miklos
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Katherine Rhea
- EXCET,
Inc., Springfield, Virginia 22150, United States
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Joe Ma
- Maxim
Biomedical, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Bruce G. Goodwin
- Defense
Biological Product Assurance Office (DBPAO), Joint Program Executive
Office (JPEO) for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense
(CBRND) Joint Project Lead (JPL) CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies (EB), Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
| | - Shanmuga Sozhamannan
- Defense
Biological Product Assurance Office (DBPAO), Joint Program Executive
Office (JPEO) for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense
(CBRND) Joint Project Lead (JPL) CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies (EB), Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
- Logistics
Management Institute, Tysons, Virginia 22102, United States
- . Phone: 301 619 8430
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13
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Zhang K, Wang J, Liu T, Luo Y, Loh XJ, Chen X. Machine Learning-Reinforced Noninvasive Biosensors for Healthcare. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100734. [PMID: 34165240 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and development of noninvasive biosensors largely facilitate the collection of physiological signals and the processing of health-related data. The utilization of appropriate machine learning algorithms improves the accuracy and efficiency of biosensors. Machine learning-reinforced biosensors are started to use in clinical practice, health monitoring, and food safety, bringing a digital revolution in healthcare. Herein, the recent advances in machine learning-reinforced noninvasive biosensors applied in healthcare are summarized. First, different types of noninvasive biosensors and physiological signals collected are categorized and summarized. Then machine learning algorithms adopted in subsequent data processing are introduced and their practical applications in biosensors are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by machine learning-reinforced biosensors are raised, including data privacy and adaptive learning capability, and their prospects in real-time monitoring, out-of-clinic diagnosis, and onsite food safety detection are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
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14
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Astatke M, Tiburzi O, Connolly A. A novel RNA detection technique for point-of-care identification of pathogens. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 43:1955380. [PMID: 34355634 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1955380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in recent years to improve capabilities to diagnose infections at point-of-care (POC), there are still technical hurdles that need to be overcome to ensure proper medical interventions. Current microbial POC tests involve polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sandwich immunoassay (IA) based detection formats. PCR is highly sensitive but requires complex instrumentation, whereas lateral flow (LF) based IA tests are handheld but lack sensitivity. We present here a portable and sensitive technique by integrating an isothermal RNA amplification approach with IA detection format. The technique comprises i) Nucleic Acid Sequence Based isothermal Amplification (NASBA), ii) amplicon tagging with hapten labeled probes, iii) capturing the amplicon and iv) formation of a sandwich complex with an antibody (Ab) that selectively recognizes the DNA-RNA duplex. The results can be extended to develop an automated, portable and highly sensitive diagnostic platform suitable for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekbib Astatke
- Applied Biological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, United States
| | - Olivia Tiburzi
- Applied Biological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, United States
| | - Amy Connolly
- Fina Biosolutions, LLC, Rockville, United States
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15
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Tang Y, Gao H, Kurth F, Burr L, Petropoulos K, Migliorelli D, Guenat OT, Generelli S. Nanocellulose aerogel inserts for quantitative lateral flow immunoassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113491. [PMID: 34271399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Lateral Flow Immuno Assay (LFIA) is a well-established technique that provides immediate results without high-cost laboratory equipment and technical skills from the users. However, conventional colorimetric LFIA strips suffer from high limits of detection, mainly due to the analysis of a limited sample volume, short reaction time between the target analyte and the conjugation molecules, and a weak optical signal. Thus, LFIAs are mainly employed as a medical diagnostic tool for qualitative and semi/quantitative detection, respectively. We applied a novel cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel material incorporated into LFIA strips to increase the sample flow time, which in turn extends the binding interactions between the analyte of interest and the detection antibody, thus improving the limit of detection (LOD). Compared to a conventional LFIA strip, the longer sample flow time in the aerogel modified LFIA strips improved the LOD for the detection of mouse IgG in a buffer solution by a 1000-fold. The accomplished LOD (0.01 ng/mL) even outperformed specifications of a commercial ELISA kit by a factor of 10, and the CNF aerogel assisted LFIA was successfully applied to detect IgG in human serum with a LOD of 0.72 ng/mL. Next to the improved LOD, the aerogel assisted LFIA could quantify IgG samples in buffer and human serum in the concentration ranges of 0.17 ng/mL - 100 ng/mL (in buffer) and 4.6 ng/mL - 100 ng/mL (in human serum). The presented solution thus poses a unique potential to transform lateral flow assays into highly sensitive, fully quantitative point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tang
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland; University of Bern, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Organs-on-Chip Technologies, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hui Gao
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kurth
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Burr
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos Petropoulos
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Davide Migliorelli
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- University of Bern, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Organs-on-Chip Technologies, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Generelli
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM, Landquart Regional Center, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland.
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16
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Gupta Y, Ghrera AS. Recent advances in gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of bacterial infection. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3767-3784. [PMID: 34086107 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of bacterial infections (BI) is becoming an increasingly difficult task in clinical practice due to their high prevalence and frequency, as well as the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) reported antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. BI becomes difficult or impossible to treat when the bacteria acquire immunity against antibiotics. Thus, there is a need for a quick and accurate technique to detect infection. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is an ideal technique for point-of-care testing of a disease or pathological changes inside the human body. In recent years, several LFIA based strips are being used for the detection of BI by targeting specific analytes which may range from the causative bacterium, whole-cell, DNA, or biomarker. Numerous nanoparticles like lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots, magnetic, ceramic, and metallic nanoparticles (copper, silver gold, iron) are widely being used in the advanced treatment of BI. Out of these gold nanoparticle (AuNPs), is being used for detection BI more effectively than other nanoparticles due to their surface functionalization, extraordinary chemical stability, biorecognition, and signal amplification properties and help to improve in conjugation with capture antibodies, and act as a color marker with unique optical properties on LFIA strips. Herein, a review that provides an overview of the principle of LFIA, how LFIA based strip is developed, and how it is helpful to detect a specific biomarker for bedside detection of the BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Gupta
- Applied Science Department, The NorthCap University, Gurugram, India
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17
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Silva G, Tomlinson J, Onkokesung N, Sommer S, Mrisho L, Legg J, Adams IP, Gutierrez-Vazquez Y, Howard TP, Laverick A, Hossain O, Wei Q, Gold KM, Boonham N. Plant pest surveillance: from satellites to molecules. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:275-287. [PMID: 33720345 PMCID: PMC8166340 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant pests and diseases impact both food security and natural ecosystems, and the impact has been accelerated in recent years due to several confounding factors. The globalisation of trade has moved pests out of natural ranges, creating damaging epidemics in new regions. Climate change has extended the range of pests and the pathogens they vector. Resistance to agrochemicals has made pathogens, pests, and weeds more difficult to control. Early detection is critical to achieve effective control, both from a biosecurity as well as an endemic pest perspective. Molecular diagnostics has revolutionised our ability to identify pests and diseases over the past two decades, but more recent technological innovations are enabling us to achieve better pest surveillance. In this review, we will explore the different technologies that are enabling this advancing capability and discuss the drivers that will shape its future deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Silva
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Jenny Tomlinson
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, U.K
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Sarah Sommer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Latifa Mrisho
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar el Salaam, Tanzania
| | - James Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar el Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ian P Adams
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, U.K
| | | | - Thomas P Howard
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Alex Laverick
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Oindrila Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | - Kaitlin M Gold
- Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, 15 Castle Creek Drive, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Neil Boonham
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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18
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Liu Y, Zhan L, Qin Z, Sackrison J, Bischof JC. Ultrasensitive and Highly Specific Lateral Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Diagnosis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3593-3611. [PMID: 33607867 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are paper-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools that are widely used because of their low cost, ease of use, and rapid format. Unfortunately, traditional commercial LFAs have significantly poorer sensitivities (μM) and specificities than standard laboratory tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA: pM-fM; polymerase chain reaction, PCR: aM), thus limiting their impact in disease control. In this Perspective, we review the evolving efforts to increase the sensitivity and specificity of LFAs. Recent work to improve the sensitivity through assay improvement includes optimization of the assay kinetics and signal amplification by either reader systems or additional reagents. Together, these efforts have produced LFAs with ELISA-level sensitivities (pM-fM). In addition, sample preamplification can be applied to both nucleic acids (direct amplification) and other analytes (indirect amplification) prior to LFA testing, which can lead to PCR-level (aM) sensitivity. However, these amplification strategies also increase the detection time and assay complexity, which inhibits the large-scale POC use of LFAs. Perspectives to achieve future rapid (<30 min), ultrasensitive (PCR-level), and "sample-to-answer" POC diagnostics are also provided. In the case of LFA specificity, recent research efforts have focused on high-affinity molecules and assay optimization to reduce nonspecific binding. Furthermore, novel highly specific molecules, such as CRISPR/Cas systems, can be integrated into diagnosis with LFAs to produce not only ultrasensitive but also highly specific POC diagnostics. In summary, with continuing improvements, LFAs may soon offer performance at the POC that is competitive with laboratory techniques while retaining a rapid format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080 United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - James Sackrison
- 3984 Hunters Hill Way, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55345, United States
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Director, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Shirshahi V, Liu G. Enhancing the analytical performance of paper lateral flow assays: From chemistry to engineering. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Sachdeva S, Davis RW, Saha AK. Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:602659. [PMID: 33520958 PMCID: PMC7843572 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) allows physicians to detect and diagnose diseases at or near the patient site, faster than conventional lab-based testing. The importance of POCT is considerably amplified in the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous point-of-care tests and diagnostic devices are available in the market including, but not limited to, glucose monitoring, pregnancy and infertility testing, infectious disease testing, cholesterol testing and cardiac markers. Integrating microfluidics in POCT allows fluid manipulation and detection in a singular device with minimal sample requirements. This review presents an overview of two technologies - (a.) Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and (b.) Nucleic Acid Amplification - upon which a large chunk of microfluidic POCT diagnostics is based, some of their applications, and commercially available products. Apart from this, we also delve into other microfluidic-based diagnostics that currently dominate the in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) market, current testing landscape for COVID-19 and prospects of microfluidics in next generation diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit K. Saha
- Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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21
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Rentschler S, Kaiser L, Deigner HP. Emerging Options for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections and the Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E456. [PMID: 33466437 PMCID: PMC7796476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise and rapid identification and characterization of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns are critical for the adequate treatment of infections, which represent an increasing problem in intensive care medicine. The current situation remains far from satisfactory in terms of turnaround times and overall efficacy. Application of an ineffective antimicrobial agent or the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics worsens the patient prognosis and further accelerates the generation of resistant mutants. Here, we provide an overview that includes an evaluation and comparison of existing tools used to diagnose bacterial infections, together with a consideration of the underlying molecular principles and technologies. Special emphasis is placed on emerging developments that may lead to significant improvements in point of care detection and diagnosis of multi-resistant pathogens, and new directions that may be used to guide antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rentschler
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany; (S.R.); (L.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany; (S.R.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany; (S.R.); (L.K.)
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI (Leipzig), Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Tutorial: design and fabrication of nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassays. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3788-3816. [PMID: 33097926 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) are quick, simple and cheap assays to analyze various samples at the point of care or in the field, making them one of the most widespread biosensors currently available. They have been successfully employed for the detection of a myriad of different targets (ranging from atoms up to whole cells) in all type of samples (including water, blood, foodstuff and environmental samples). Their operation relies on the capillary flow of the sample throughout a series of sequential pads, each with different functionalities aiming to generate a signal to indicate the absence/presence (and, in some cases, the concentration) of the analyte of interest. To have a user-friendly operation, their development requires the optimization of multiple, interconnected parameters that may overwhelm new developers. In this tutorial, we provide the readers with: (i) the basic knowledge to understand the principles governing an LFA and to take informed decisions during lateral flow strip design and fabrication, (ii) a roadmap for optimal LFA development independent of the specific application, (iii) a step-by-step example procedure for the assembly and operation of an LF strip for the detection of human IgG and (iv) an extensive troubleshooting section addressing the most frequent issues in designing, assembling and using LFAs. By changing only the receptors, the provided example procedure can easily be adapted for cost-efficient detection of a broad variety of targets.
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23
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Fu Y, Zhang Y, Khoo BL. Liquid biopsy technologies for hematological diseases. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:246-274. [PMID: 32929726 DOI: 10.1002/med.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of circulating tumor cells in 1869, technological advances in studying circulating biomarkers from patients' blood have made the diagnosis of nonhematologic cancers less invasive. Technological advances in the detection and analysis of biomarkers provide new opportunities for the characterization of other disease types. When compared with traditional biopsies, liquid biopsy markers, such as exfoliated bladder cancer cells, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EV), are considered more convenient than conventional biopsies. Liquid biopsy markers undoubtedly have the potential to influence disease management and treatment dynamics. Our main focuses of this review will be the cell-based, gene-based, and protein-based key liquid biopsy markers (including EV and cfDNA) in disease detection, and discuss the research progress of these biomarkers used in conjunction with liquid biopsy. First, we highlighted the key technologies that have been broadly adopted used in hematological diseases. Second, we introduced the latest technological developments for the specific detection of cardiovascular disease, leukemia, and coronavirus disease. Finally, we concluded with perspectives on these research areas, focusing on the role of microfluidic technology and artificial intelligence in point-of-care medical applications. We believe that the noninvasive capabilities of these technologies have great potential in the development of diagnostics and can influence treatment options, thereby advancing precision disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatian Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Danthanarayana AN, Finley E, Vu B, Kourentzi K, Willson RC, Brgoch J. A multicolor multiplex lateral flow assay for high-sensitivity analyte detection using persistent luminescent nanophosphors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:272-280. [PMID: 32577135 PMCID: PMC7310964 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay02247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating two persistent luminescent nanophosphors (PLNPs), green-emitting SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (SAO) and blue-emitting (Sr0.625Ba0.375)2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ (SBMSO), in a single lateral flow assay (LFA) establishes a luminescence-based, multiplex point-of-need test capable of simultaneously detecting two different analytes in a single sample. The advantages of this system are the high sensitivity and photostability of PLNPs, while only requiring access to minimal hardware and a smartphone for signal detection. The PLNPs were obtained by first wet milling bulk synthesized phosphor powders, followed by fractionation using differential centrifugal sedimentation to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles. A modified Stöber process was then employed to encapsulate the nanoparticles in a water-stable silica shell followed by attaching antibodies to the particles' surfaces using reductive amination chemistry. The resulting PLNPs were incorporated in an LFA to concurrently detect two independent model analytes, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The multicolor-multiplex PLNP-based assays were finally imaged using a smartphone-based imaging system with excellent detection limits (0.1 ng mL-1 of PSA and 1 ng mL-1 of hCG) that are competitive with commercially available LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Finley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Binh Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Jakoah Brgoch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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25
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Huang L, Tian S, Zhao W, Liu K, Ma X, Guo J. Multiplexed detection of biomarkers in lateral-flow immunoassays. Analyst 2020; 145:2828-2840. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed detection of biomarkers, i.e., simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in a single assay, can enhance diagnostic precision, improve diagnostic efficiency, reduce diagnostic cost, and alleviate pain of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
| | - Shulin Tian
- School of Automation Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- School of Automation Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Automation Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Communication and Information Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
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26
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Byzova NA, Vengerov YY, Voloshchuk SG, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Development of A Lateral Flow Highway: Ultra-Rapid Multitracking Immunosensor for Cardiac Markers. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19245494. [PMID: 31842479 PMCID: PMC6970229 DOI: 10.3390/s19245494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The integration of several controlled parameters within a single test system is experiencing increased demand. However, multiplexed test systems typically require complex manufacturing. Here, we describe a multiplexed immunochromatographic assay that incorporates a conventional nitrocellulose membrane, which is used together with microspot printing, to construct adjacent microfluidic "tracks" for multiplexed detection. The 1 mm distance between tracks allows for the detection of up to four different analytes. The following reagents are applied in separate zones: (a) gold nanoparticle conjugates with antibodies against each analyte, (b) other antibodies against each analyte, and (c) antispecies antibodies. The immersion of the test strip in the sample initiates the lateral flow, during which reagents of different specificities move along their tracks without track erosion or reagent mixing. An essential advantage of the proposed assay is its extreme rapidity (1-1.5 min compared with 10 min for common test strips). This assay format was applied to the detection of cardiac and inflammatory markers (myoglobin, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein) in human blood, and was characterized by high reproducibility (8%-15% coefficient of variation) with stored working ranges of conventional tests. The universal character of the proposed approach will facilitate its use for various analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Byzova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.B.); (Y.Y.V.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Yuri Yu. Vengerov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.B.); (Y.Y.V.); (A.V.Z.)
| | | | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.B.); (Y.Y.V.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.B.); (Y.Y.V.); (A.V.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-954-3142; Fax: +7-495-954-2804
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27
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Kim J, Cao XE, Finkelstein JL, Cárdenas WB, Erickson D, Mehta S. A two-colour multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay system to differentially detect human malaria species on a single test line. Malar J 2019; 18:313. [PMID: 31533756 PMCID: PMC6749696 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria continues to impose a tremendous burden in terms of global morbidity and mortality, yet even today, a large number of diagnoses are presumptive resulting in lack of or inappropriate treatment. METHODS In this work, a two-colour lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) system was developed to identify infections by Plasmodium spp. and differentiate Plasmodium falciparum infection from the other three human malaria species (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae). To achieve this goal, red and blue colours were encoded to two markers on a single test line of strips, for simultaneous detection of PfHRP2 (red), a marker specific for P. falciparum infection, and pLDH (blue), a pan-specific marker for infections by all species of Plasmodium. The assay performance was first optimized and evaluated with recombinant malarial proteins spiked in washing buffer at various concentrations from 0 to 1000 ng mL-1. The colour profiles developed on the single test line were discriminated and quantified: colour types corresponded to malaria protein species; colour intensities represented protein concentration levels. RESULTS The limit of detection (the lowest concentrations of malaria antigens that can be distinguished from blank samples) and the limit of colour discrimination (the limit to differentiate pLDH from PfHRP2) were defined for the two-colour assay from the spiked buffer test, and the two limits were 31.2 ng mL-1 and 7.8 ng mL-1, respectively. To further validate the efficacy of the assay, 25 human whole blood frozen samples were tested and successfully validated against ELISA and microscopy results: 15 samples showed malaria negative; 5 samples showed P. falciparum positive; 5 samples showed P. falciparum negative, but contained other malaria species. CONCLUSIONS The assay provides a simple method to quickly identify and differentiate infection by different malarial parasites at the point-of-need and overcome the physical limitations of traditional LFAs, improving the multiplexing potential for simultaneous detection of various biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiangkun Elvis Cao
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - David Erickson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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28
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Zhang H, Miller BL. Immunosensor-based label-free and multiplex detection of influenza viruses: State of the art. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111476. [PMID: 31272058 PMCID: PMC6717022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of influenza viruses to rapidly evolve has caused significant challenges in viral surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic development. Molecular sequencing methods, though powerful tools for monitoring influenza evolution at the genetic level, are not able to fully characterize the antigenic properties of influenza viruses. Understanding influenza virus antigenicity is critical to vaccine development and disease prevention. Traditional immunoassays which have been widely used for evaluating influenza antigenicity have limited throughput. To alleviate these problems, new bioanalytical tools to investigate influenza antigenicity by measuring antibody-antigen binding are an active area of research. Herein, we review immunosensor technologies from the aspects of various sensing principles, while highlighting recent developments in multiplex, label-free detection strategies. Highlighted technologies include electrochemical immunosensors relying on impedimetric detection; these demonstrate simple design and cost effectiveness for mass production. Antibody arrays implemented on an optical interferometric sensor system allow systematic characterization of influenza antigenicity. Quartz microbalance immunosensors are highly sensitive but have yet to be explored for multiplex sensing. Immunosensors made on lateral flow strips have shown promise in rapid diagnosis of influenza subtypes. We anticipate that these and other technologies discussed in the review will facilitate advances in the study of influenza, and other viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Box 270216, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Box 270216, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Kim H, Chung DR, Kang M. A new point-of-care test for the diagnosis of infectious diseases based on multiplex lateral flow immunoassays. Analyst 2019; 144:2460-2466. [PMID: 30849145 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are transmissible or communicable illnesses and can spread quickly in some areas and become epidemics. It is critical to quickly diagnose initial infections and prevent further spread through in vitro diagnosis. However, current detection strategies have exhibited a lack of balance with regard to accuracy, time consumption, and portability until recently (e.g. serology, culturing, molecular tests, etc.). Alternatively, many studies have focused on point-of-care testing (POCT), which combines simple, rapid, and exact on-site diagnostic platforms. Moreover, multiplex detectability is necessary for emergency treatment depending on the stage of the disease or interactional infections. The lateral flow assay (LFA) is the most popular diagnostic tool that meets the required standards for colorimetric assays. Here, we review lateral flow assays based on the immune reactions for the simultaneous diagnosis of infectious diseases as the POC test. The assays employed various forms and approaches in terms of the multiplexing level system for improving the sensitivity and specificity. We briefly describe the state-of-the-art infection diagnostic methods and published performances that have been classified into three categories based on the application forms of the lateral flow immunoassay. Also, we discuss further uses of LFA and other technologies for more effective infectious disease POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbi Kim
- Smart Healthcare & Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Doo-Ryeon Chung
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea and Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minhee Kang
- Smart Healthcare & Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. and Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li J, Pollak NM, Macdonald J. Multiplex Detection of Nucleic Acids Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and a Molecular Colorimetric 7-Segment Display. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11388-11396. [PMID: 31460243 PMCID: PMC6682049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis has become highly relevant for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics since the advent of isothermal amplification methods that do not require thermal cycling. In particular, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow detection offers a rapid and simple solution for field-amenable low-resource nucleic acid testing. Expanding POC nucleic acid tests for the detection of multiple analytes is vital to improve diagnostic efficiency because increased multiplexing capacity enables higher information density combined with reduced assay time and costs. Here, we investigate expanding RPA POC detection by identifying a generic multiplex RPA format that can be combined with a generic multiplex lateral flow device (LFD) to enable binary and molecular encoding for the compaction of diagnostic data. This new technology relies on the incorporation of molecular labels to differentiate nucleic acid species spatially on a lateral flow membrane. In particular, we identified additional five molecular labels that can be incorporated during the RPA reaction for subsequent coupling with LFD detection. Combined with two previously demonstrated successful labels, we demonstrate potential to enable hepta-plex detection of RPA reactions coupled to multiplex LFD detection. When this hepta-plex detection is combined with binary and molecular encoding, an intuitive 7-segment output display can be produced. We note that in all experiments, we used an identical DNA template, except for the 5' label on the forward primer, to eliminate any effects of nucleic acid sequence amplification bias. Our proof-of-concept technology demonstration is highly relevant for developing information-compact POC diagnostics where space and time are premium commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Genecology
Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy
Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Nina M. Pollak
- Genecology
Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy
Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
- CSIRO
Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Genecology
Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy
Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
- Division
of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University, 650 W 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- E-mail: , .
Phone: +61 7 5456 5944
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31
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Jiang N, Ahmed R, Damayantharan M, Ünal B, Butt H, Yetisen AK. Lateral and Vertical Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900244. [PMID: 31081270 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been the pillar of rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostics due to their simplicity, rapid process, and low cost. Recent advances in sensitivity, selectivity, and chemical stability enhancement have ensured the foothold of LFAs in commercial POC diagnostics. This paper reviews recent developments in labeling strategies and detection methods of LFAs. Moreover, vertical flow assays (VFAs) have emerged as an alternate paper-based assay due to faster detection time and unique multiplexing capabilities. Smartphones as LFA readers have been transformed into a universal integrated platform for imaging, data processing, and storage, providing quantitative results in low-resource settings. Commercial LFAs and VFAs products are evaluated with regards to their performance, market trends, and regulatory issues. The future outlook of the flow-based assays for POC diagnostics is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- School of MedicineStanford University Palo Alto CA 94304 USA
| | - Mylon Damayantharan
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Barış Ünal
- Triton Systems Inc. 200 Turnpike Rd. Chelmsford MA 01824 USA
| | - Haider Butt
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
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32
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O'Sullivan S, Ali Z, Jiang X, Abdolvand R, Ünlü MS, Silva HPD, Baca JT, Kim B, Scott S, Sajid MI, Moradian S, Mansoorzare H, Holzinger A. Developments in Transduction, Connectivity and AI/Machine Learning for Point-of-Care Testing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1917. [PMID: 31018573 PMCID: PMC6515310 DOI: 10.3390/s19081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review some emerging trends in transduction, connectivity and data analytics for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The patient need for POCT is described along with developments in portable diagnostics, specifically in respect of Lab-on-chip and microfluidic systems. We describe some novel electrochemical and photonic systems and the use of mobile phones in terms of hardware components and device connectivity for POCT. Developments in data analytics that are applicable for POCT are described with an overview of data structures and recent AI/Machine learning trends. The most important methodologies of machine learning, including deep learning methods, are summarised. The potential value of trends within POCT systems for clinical diagnostics within Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Reza Abdolvand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Justin T Baca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Simon Scott
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Mohammed Imran Sajid
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - Sina Moradian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Hakhamanesh Mansoorzare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8074, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
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33
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Wang R, Ongagna-Yhombi SY, Lu Z, Centeno-Tablante E, Colt S, Cao X, Ren Y, Cárdenas WB, Mehta S, Erickson D. Rapid Diagnostic Platform for Colorimetric Differential Detection of Dengue and Chikungunya Viral Infections. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5415-5423. [PMID: 30896928 PMCID: PMC7719054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a rapid diagnostic platform with potential to transform clinical diagnosis of acute febrile illnesses in resource-limited settings. Acute febrile illnesses such as dengue and chikungunya, which pose high burdens of disease in tropical regions, share many nonspecific symptoms and are difficult to diagnose based on clinical history alone in the absence of accessible laboratory diagnostics. Through a unique color-mixing encoding and readout strategy, our platform enabled consistent and accurate multiplexed detection of dengue and chikungunya IgM/IgG antibodies in human clinical samples within 30 min. Our multiplex assay offers several advantages over conventional rapid diagnostic tests deployed in resource-limited settings, including a low sample volume requirement and the ability to concurrently detect four analytes. Our platform is a step toward multiplexed diagnostics that will be transformative for disease management in resource-limited settings by enabling informed treatment decisions through accessible evidence-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Serge Y. Ongagna-Yhombi
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhengda Lu
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Susannah Colt
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiangkun Cao
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yue Ren
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Yeo SJ, Kang H, Dao TD, Cuc BT, Nguyen ATV, Tien TTT, Hang NLK, Phuong HVM, Thanh LT, Mai LQ, Rah Y, Yu K, Shin HJ, Chong CK, Choi HS, Park H. Development of a smartphone-based rapid dual fluorescent diagnostic system for the simultaneous detection of influenza A and H5 subtype in avian influenza A-infected patients. Theranostics 2018; 8:6132-6148. [PMID: 30613288 PMCID: PMC6299699 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 is of critical importance for the effective clinical management of patients. Here, we developed a rapid and simultaneous detection toolkit for influenza A H5 subtype viruses in human samples based on a bioconjugate of quantum dots (QDs) assembly and a smartphone-based rapid dual fluorescent diagnostic system (SRDFDS). Methods: Two types of QDs were assembled on a latex bead to enhance the detection sensitivity and specificity of influenza A infection (QD580) and H5 subtype (QD650). The dual signals of influenza A and H5 subtype of H5N1-infected patients were detected simultaneously and quantified separately by SRDFDS equipped with two emission filters. Results: Our results showed a high sensitivity of 92.86% (13/14) and 78.57% (11/14), and a specificity of 100% (38/38, P < 0.0001) and 97.37% (37/38) for influenza A and H5 subtype detection, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, our multiplex QD bioconjugates and SRDFDS-based influenza virus detection toolkit potentially provide accurate and meaningful diagnosis information with improved detection accuracies and sensitivities for H5N1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ju Yeo
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Bui Thi Cuc
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Thi Viet Nguyen
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Trinh Thi Thuy Tien
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Khanh Hang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No 1- Yersin street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Vu Mai Phuong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No 1- Yersin street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thanh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No 1- Yersin street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Quynh Mai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No 1- Yersin street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yoonhyuk Rah
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chom-Kyu Chong
- GenBody Inc., 3-18, Eopseong 2-gil, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, 31077, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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35
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Nybond S, Réu P, Rhedin S, Svedberg G, Alfvén T, Gantelius J, Svahn HA. Adenoviral detection by recombinase polymerase amplification and vertical flow paper microarray. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:813-822. [PMID: 30498984 PMCID: PMC6338793 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections often mimic the symptoms of infections caused by bacteria; however, restricted and targeted administration of antibiotics is needed to combat growing antimicrobial resistance. This is particularly relevant in low-income settings. In this work, we describe the use of isothermal amplification of viral DNA at 37 °C coupled to a paper-based vertical flow microarray (VFM) setup that utilizes a colorimetric detection of amplicons using functionalized gold nanoparticles. Two oligonucleotide probes, one in-house designed and one known adenoviral probe were tested and validated for microarray detection down to 50 nM using a synthetic target template. Furthermore, primers were shown to function in a recombinase polymerase amplification reaction using both synthetic template and viral DNA. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate adenoviral detection with four different adenoviral species associated with respiratory infections using the paper-based VFM format. The presented assay was validated with selected adenoviral species using the in-house probe, enabling detection at 1 ng of starting material with intra- and inter-assay %CV of ≤ 9% and ≤ 13%. Finally, we validate our overall method using clinical samples. Based on the results, the combination of recombinase polymerase amplification, paper microarray analysis, and nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection could thus be a useful strategy towards rapid and affordable multiplexed viral diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Nybond
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Réu
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Rhedin
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Svedberg
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Alfvén
- Sachs' Children & Youth Hospital, South General Hospital, 11883, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Gantelius
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Andersson Svahn
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Anfossi L, Di Nardo F, Russo A, Cavalera S, Giovannoli C, Spano G, Baumgartner S, Lauter K, Baggiani C. Silver and gold nanoparticles as multi-chromatic lateral flow assay probes for the detection of food allergens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:1905-1913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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