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AL-Mhanna SB, Batrakoulis A, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M, Aldayel A, Alhussain MH, Afolabi HA, Wada Y, Gülü M, Elkholi S, Abubakar BD, Rojas-Valverde D. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17525. [PMID: 38887616 PMCID: PMC11182026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Structured aerobic or resistance training alone seems to be a beneficial tool for improving glucose homeostasis, chronic systemic inflammation, resting cardiovascular function, and mental health in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available data on the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM. Methods A database search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to May 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the reliability of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42022355612). Results A total of 21,612 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants (mean age: 57 ± 7 years) who met the eligibility criteria. CART demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, CRF, and QoL compared to ST. These findings highlight the significance of exercise interventions such as CART as essential elements within comprehensive diabetes management strategies, ultimately enhancing overall health outcomes in individuals with T2DM and overweight/obesity.No differences were found in resting heart rate between CART and ST. An uncertain risk of bias and poor quality of evidence were found among the eligible studies. Conclusion These outcomes show clear evidence considering the positive role of CART in inducing beneficial changes in various cardiometabolic and mental health-related indicators in patients with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity. More studies with robust methodological design are warranted to examine the dose-response relationship, training parameters configuration, and mechanisms behind these positive adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulaziz Aldayel
- Exercise Physiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wada
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Safaa Elkholi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Al-Mhanna SB, Rocha-Rodriguesc S, Mohamed M, Batrakoulis A, Aldhahi MI, Afolabi HA, Yagin FH, Alhussain MH, Gülü M, Abubakar BD, Ghazali WSW, Alghannam AF, Badicu G. Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:165. [PMID: 38049873 PMCID: PMC10696788 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle modifications involving diet and exercise are recommended for patients diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet (AEDT) on various cardiometabolic health-related indicators among individuals with obesity and T2DM. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for this meta-analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies, and the GRADE tool was used to rate the certainty of evidence. A random-effects model for continuous variables was used, and the results were presented as mean differences or standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS A total of 16,129 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants. The findings revealed significant improvements in body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, glycated hemoglobin, leptin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin (p < 0.05) compared to the standard treatment (ST) group. No significant differences were observed between the AEDT and ST groups in fat mass, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The present findings are based on low- to moderate-quality evidence. CONCLUSIONS AEDT may be a critical behavior for holistic cardiometabolic health-related benefits as a contemporary anti-obesity medication due to its significant positive impact on patients with obesity and T2DM. Nevertheless, further robust evidence is necessary to determine whether AEDT is an effective intervention for lowering cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among individuals with obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodriguesc
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Monira I Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Maha H Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Bishir Daku Abubakar
- Department of Human Physiology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Abdullah F Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Batrakoulis A, Fatolahi S, Dinizadeh F. Health and fitness trends in Iran for 2024: A cross-sectional study. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:791-813. [PMID: 38187897 PMCID: PMC10764965 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The health and fitness sector is evolving and appears to be an important field not only for consumers but also for gym operators/managers, exercise professionals, training providers and educators with great potential worldwide. Our aim of this cross-sectional survey was to investigate the most attractive health and fitness trends in Iran for the first time and to observe any potential differences with the recent results reported in other regions. A national online survey was conducted, using the methodology of similar international surveys conducted by the American College of Sports Medicine since 2007. In total, a web-based questionnaire was sent to 7158 professionals who worked in the Iranian health and fitness industry. A total of 408 responses were collected with a response rate of 5.7%. The 10 most important health and fitness trends in Iran for 2024 were strength training with free weights, exercise for weight loss, group training, low-cost and budget gyms, dance-based workouts, outdoor activities, Pilates, bodyweight training, core training and aquatic exercise. The present findings are not fully aligned with those reported for the top health and fitness trends internationally, showing that trends related to technology and health are not yet popular nationwide. Such outcomes may support all industry stakeholders with making important business decisions, professional development opportunities and innovative concepts to enhance customer engagement through positive exercise experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Saeid Fatolahi
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Dinizadeh
- Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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de Assis GG, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Exercise and Weight Management: The Role of Leptin-A Systematic Review and Update of Clinical Data from 2000-2022. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4490. [PMID: 37445524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-balanced metabolism means a lower risk for metabolism-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Leptin is a secretory adipokine involved in the central control of appetite that appears to play a role in the etiology of feeding-related disorders. Additionally, the influence of exercise on feeding behaviors potentially modulates the circulation of metabolites that signal through the central nervous system. In this systematic review, we collected the recent clinical evidence on the effect of exercise on leptin concentrations in health individuals published from 2000 to 20 September 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA 2020 statement). Six hundred and thirty-eight papers were retrieved and forty-eight papers were included in the qualitative synthesis. Data supports that exercise positively influences appetite via enhancing peripheral and central leptin signaling (reuptake), especially during weight loss. Exercise modulation of leptin signaling through leptin receptors helps to stabilize increases in food intake during periods of negative energy balance, prior to a decrease in the body fat tissue content. At a high intensity, exercise appears to counteract leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Gilyana M, Batrakoulis A, Zisi V. Physical Activity, Body Image, and Emotional Intelligence Differences in Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11020071. [PMID: 37218884 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and emotional intelligence (EI) are integral parts of human nature. Body image (BI) and body mass index (BMI) may be indications of the psycho-emotional and physical health of human beings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between PA and EI of Greek adults living with overweight and obesity, as well as to identify the BI and EI differences in this population. A cross-sectional study design was used, involving 216 participants (65% females) of whom 51.4% were young adults (20-40 years), 48.6% were middle-aged adults (41-60 years), while 51.4% of participants were living with overweight or obesity. According to the results, all indicators of PA had very low correlations with EI factors, while statistically significant correlations were observed only for PA at work and the total score of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire with the use of emotions (r = 0.16 and r = 0.17, respectively, p < 0.05). Women had significantly higher EI scores than men regarding the care and empathy factor, while the individuals with obesity had lower scores in the use of emotions factor. Regarding BI, young adults who were satisfied with their BI had better control of feelings than the middle-aged adult counterparts. In conclusion, BI satisfaction and EI may differ between individuals living with overweight and obesity in both genders. Younger individuals with obesity may compensate better for their BI and better control their emotions. On the other side, PA does not seem to have an important role in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Gilyana
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zisi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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Batrakoulis A, Veiga OL, Franco S, Thomas E, Alexopoulos A, Valcarce-Torrente M, Santos-Rocha R, Ramalho F, Di Credico A, Vitucci D, Ramos L, Simões V, Romero-Caballero A, Vieira I, Mancini A, Bianco A. Health and fitness trends in Southern Europe for 2023: A cross-sectional survey. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:378-408. [PMID: 37304589 PMCID: PMC10251056 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical activity, exercise and wellness sector is rapidly growing and seems to be an exciting field for business and professional development with great potential globally. The purpose of this observational and cross-sectional study was to determine the most popular health and fitness trends in Southern Europe for the first time, including data from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece and Cyprus, and to investigate any potential differences in this area compared to the Pan-European and global fitness trends for 2023. A national online survey was conducted in five Southern European countries, using the methodology of similar regional and worldwide surveys conducted by the American College of Sports Medicine since 2007. In total, a web-based questionnaire was sent to 19,887 professionals who worked in the Southern European physical activity, exercise and wellness sector. A total of 2645 responses were collected from five national surveys with an overall mean response rate of 13.3%. The ten most important fitness trends in Southern Europe for 2023 were personal training, licensure for fitness professionals, exercise is medicine, employing certified fitness professionals, functional fitness training, small group training, high-intensity interval training, fitness programs for older adults, post-rehabilitation classes and body weight training. The present findings are aligned with those reported for the European and worldwide fitness trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Franco
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Santos-Rocha
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fatima Ramalho
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Vitucci
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - Liliana Ramos
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Vera Simões
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Vieira
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Henninger SH, Fibieger AY, Magkos F, Ritz C. Effects of Mindful Eating and YogaDance among Overweight and Obese Women: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071646. [PMID: 37049487 PMCID: PMC10096929 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many current treatment options for managing overweight and obesity consist of rather strict diet and exercise regimes that are difficult to implement as a lifelong routine. Therefore, alternative initiatives such as mindful eating and pleasure-oriented physical activity with more focus on implementation and enjoyment are needed to reverse the obesity epidemic. Mindful eating is an approach focusing on inner hunger and satiety signals. YogaDance is a novel exercise approach combining elements of yoga and dance. This study was a randomized controlled trial investigating the individual and combined effects of mindful eating and YogaDance. Participants were healthy, inactive women with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 and/or waist circumference ≥ 80 cm) who were randomized to one of four groups for 8 weeks: mindful eating alone, YogaDance alone, the combination of mindful eating and YogaDance, or control. Fat mass was the primary outcome and secondary outcomes included body weight, waist circumference, and other physiological, behavioral, and quality-of-life outcomes. Sixty-one women were included in the study and randomized to mindful eating and YogaDance combined, YogaDance, mindful eating, or control. Fat mass was reduced by 1.3 kg (95% CI [−10.0, 7.3] kg; p = 0.77), 3.0 kg (95% CI [−11.1, 5.1] kg; p = 0.48), and 1.8 kg (95% CI [−10.1, 6.6] kg; p = 0.69) for the mindful eating, YogaDance, and combined mindful eating and YogaDance interventions, respectively, compared to the control, with corresponding effect sizes of 0.15, 0.34, and 0.21. In complete-case analyses, fat percent and waist circumference were reduced whereas mental quality of life and eating behavior were improved for mindful eating and mindful eating and YogaDance combined compared to the control. In conclusion, the study found modest benefits of an 8-week combination of mindful eating and YogaDance, corroborating findings in previous studies on mindful eating, yoga, and dance. However, the study had several limitations that should be taken into consideration, including low power due to a large drop-out as well as low to moderate training load and compliance. The trial was retrospectively registered (ISRCTN87234794).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Hauerberg Henninger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anna Yde Fibieger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-6550-9696
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