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Tobeigei FH, Joseph MR, Al-Hakami A, Hamid ME. Microsporum gypseum Infection Among Two Related Families With a Zoonotic Aspect: A Prospective Case Series. Cureus 2023; 15:e51402. [PMID: 38292972 PMCID: PMC10826859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The Microsporum gypseum complex is a globally distributed group of geophilic dermatophytes that primarily affect animals but can also rarely cause dermatomycoses in humans. With some regional and occupational variations, tinea corporis is the most prevalent presentation of the infection. The aim of this study was to report on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis cases among related families, and their pets, from southern Saudi Arabia. Up-to-date information on dermatophytes and dermatophytosis is needed. Methods This is a prospective case series undertaken at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Six patients with suspected dermatophytosis were received at our hospital in 2022 and have been followed for recovery with or without scars. Characteristics of fungal pathogens were examined phenotypically on the basis of microscopic and growth characteristics, and laboratory data were used to initiate treatment with oral fluconazole, topical terbinafine cream, or oral itraconazole. Results Clinical features and culture results confirmed tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by M. gypseum, which was also present in a pet cat. Tinea capitis cases (n = 4) did not respond to fluconazole and terbinafine treatment, but treatment with itraconazole resulted in a full recovery. Tinea corporis cases (n = 2) were treated with terbinafine, which resulted in a full recovery within four weeks, with no signs of scarring. Conclusions M. gypseum presents with serious persistent lesions and is extremely contagious. Treatment is durable but challenging, and breaking the transmission chain is more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hassan Tobeigei
- Dermatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Martin R Joseph
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Mohamed E Hamid
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Wang X, Abuliezi R, Hasimu H, Zhang L, Abliz P. Retrospective Analysis of Tinea Capitis in Xinjiang, China. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:523-529. [PMID: 37012555 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a cutaneous infection of dermatophytes and predominant in children. It is one of common infectious diseases of children in Xinjiang, particularly in the southern Xinjiang. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and mycological characteristics of patients with tinea capitis in Xinjiang China. Medical records from 2010 to 2021, Mycology Laboratory Department of Dermatology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, retrospectively investigated the clinical and mycological characteristics of 198 patients with tinea capitis. Hairs have been obtained for fungal examination, and analysis with 20% KOH and Fungus Fluorescence Staining Solution has been conducted. Identification of fungi was using of morphological and molecular biological methods. Among total number of 198 patients, 189 (96%) were children with tinea capitis, of which 119 (63%) were male and 70 (37%) were female; 9 (4%) were adult patients with tinea capitis, of which 7 were female and 2 were male. Preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 years had the highest distribution (54%), followed by those between the ages of 6 and 12 years (33%), the ages under 2 years (11%) and the ages of 13-15 years (2%) respectively. Among all patients, 135 (68.18%) were Uygur, 53 (26.77%) were Han, 5 (2.53%) were Kazak, 3 (1.52%) were Hui, 1 (0.5%) was Mongolian and nationality information of 1 patient (0.5%) is unknown. The indentification results of the isolates showed that 195 (98%) patients had single-species infections and 3 (2%) patients had double mixed infections. Among single-species infection patients, Microsporum canis (n = 82, 42.05%), Microsporum ferrugineum (n = 56, 28.72%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 22, 11.28%) were the most prevalent species. Other dermatophytes included Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 12, 6.15%), Trichophyton violaceum (n = 10, 5.13%), Trichophyton schoenleinii (n = 9, 4.62%) and Trichophyton verrucosum (n = 4, 2.05%). Among 3 cases of mixed infections, 1 was M. canis + T. tonsurans (n = 1), and the other 2 were M.canis + T.mentagrophytes (n = 2). In conclusion, the majority of tinea capitis patients in Xinjiang, China are Uygur male children aged 3-5 years. M. canis was the most prevalent species causing tinea capitis in Xinjiang. These results provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Reyila Abuliezi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hadiliya Hasimu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Paride Abliz
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Chen XQ, Yu J. Global Demographic Characteristics and Pathogen Spectrum of Tinea Capitis. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:433-447. [PMID: 37012556 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Tinea capitis is an important superficial fungal infection with a global distribution. It mainly affects prepubertal children and is more common in males. Anthropophilic and zoophilic dermatophytes are responsible for most infections. The pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis varies across different regions and changes over time, and is influenced by multiple factors, such as economic development, changes in lifestyle, immigration and animal distribution. This review aimed to clarify the demographic and etiological characteristics of tinea capitis worldwide and determine the common trends of causative pathogens. By mainly analyzing the literature published from 2015 to 2022, we found that the incidence and demographic characteristics of tinea capitis remained generally stable. Zoophilic Microsporum canis, anthropophilic Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton tonsurans were the predominant pathogens. The pathogen spectra in different countries changed in different directions. In some countries, the main pathogen shifted to an anthropophilic dermatophyte, such as T. tonsurans, Microsporum audouinii or T. violaceum; in contrast, it shifted to a zoophilic agent, such as M. canis, in some other countries. Dermatologists are advised to continue monitoring the pathogen spectrum and implement preventive measures according to the reported changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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4
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Wei LW, Qiao JJ. Mini-Review: The Diagnostic Methods of Tinea Capitis. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:563-569. [PMID: 37067665 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a widespread superficial fungal infection that affects children predominately. Microscopic examination and fungal culture are the conventional gold standards for diagnosis, but they are insensitive and time-consuming. In recent years, new diagnostic methods have been developed to facilitate the diagnosis and identification of causative pathogens. Trichoscopy examination showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing tinea capitis with the characteristic signs of comma hairs, corkscrew hairs, bar code-like hairs and zigzag hairs. Reflectance confocal microscopy has also been used in the rapid diagnosis of tinea capitis in several studies. Molecular assays such as polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time to flight mass spectrometry are extensively utilized for rapid and accurate identification of the pathogens. Early diagnosis and treatment can aid in disease control and scarring reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wei Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Fulgence KK, Marie KBPC, Akoua VBT, Massafoma KEG, Etienne AK, Abibatou KT, Henriette VBA, Sebastien MAJ, Vincent D, William Y, Hervé MEI. Dermatophytosis and the associated risk factors among primary school children in southern and central Côte d'Ivoire. Mycoses 2023; 66:869-875. [PMID: 37309262 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis, particularly the subtype tinea capitis, is common among African children; however, the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the factors associated with tinea capitis and the prevalence rate of other dermatophytoses among primary school students in the rural and urban areas of the southern and central Côte d'Ivoire. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was carried out in seven towns of Côte d'Ivoire from October 2008 to July 2009, among 17,745 children aged 4-17 years and attending urban and rural primary schools; a complete physical examination of the skin and appendages, including nails and hair, was performed by the physicians. Direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5 g/L chloramphenicol and 0.4 g/L actidione was performed during sampling. RESULTS For the 17,745 children clinically examined, 2645 exhibited symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Positive cultures for dermatophytes were found in 2635 patients, and the overall prevalence rate of tinea capitis was 14.8%. The following factors, age, sex, pets at home, number of bathing daily, sharing of sponges, combs and towels and hair length, were statistically associated with tinea capitis (p < .001). In addition to tinea capitis, other superficial fungal infections were identified among these children. These included tinea corporis (0.9%), tinea unguium (0.6%) and pityriasis versicolor (0.4%). CONCLUSION Tinea capitis is common among pupils in rural southern and central Côte d'Ivoire, especially in young boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassi Kondo Fulgence
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the Diagnosis and Research Centre on AIDS and the Others Infectious Diseases, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Valerie Bedia-Tanoh Akoua
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Koné Estelle Gnanyo Massafoma
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the Diagnosis and Research Centre on AIDS and the Others Infectious Diseases, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Angora Kpongbo Etienne
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Konaté-Touré Abibatou
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Vanga-Bosson Abo Henriette
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Djohan Vincent
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yavo William
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Menan Eby Ignace Hervé
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the Diagnosis and Research Centre on AIDS and the Others Infectious Diseases, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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González FE, Rodríguez JA, Muñoz LM, Apráez G, Vásquez LR. An outbreak of trichophytic tinea capitis in a group of schoolchildren in a rural area of the department of Cauca, Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:57-68. [PMID: 37721918 PMCID: PMC10593267 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Tinea capitis is a mycosis of keratinized tissue, which affects the scalp and may cause alopecia, pruritus, and desquamation. This type of mycosis is more frequent in school-age children, and it may represent a public health problem; the main etiological agents reported for Colombia are zoophilic dermatophytes. Objective. To characterize an outbreak of Tinea capitis in 32 children from a rural school in the department of Cauca. Materials and methods. We conducted an epidemiological field study using a structured survey to characterize sociodemographic aspects and predisposing factors for this mycosis. We collected samples of affected scalp scales and hair for mycological studies. The children and the general population received recommendations, about these mycoses’ prevention, from Cauca’s health authorities and the local hospital. The parents verbally approved the informed consent. Results. The etiological agent isolated in 63% of the collected samples was Trichophyton tonsurans, an anthropophilic dermatophyte, and the main predisposing factor was sharing razors (87.5%). Conclusions. Ideally, mycological studies define the etiological agent to propose therapeutics and recommendations in agreement with management guidelines. Implementation of multidisciplinary measures to control the outbreak and educate the population is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lina María Muñoz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
| | - Giovanny Apráez
- Secretaría Departamental de Salud, Gobernación del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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T. Hedayati M, Kermani F, Javidnia J, Moosazadeh M, Nosratabadi M, Salimi M, Asadi S, Mosayebi E, Hajheydari Z, Golpour M, Rahmatpour Rokni G, Kazemi Nejad A, Shokohi T, Bongomin F. Predominance of Trichophyton tonsurans causing tinea capitis: A 12-year retrospective study in the north of Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:21-27. [PMID: 37867593 PMCID: PMC10590191 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.345026.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Among different clinical entities of dermatophytosis, tinea capitis (TC) is considered a major public health challenge in the world, especially in regions with poor health and low income. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a retrospective analysis of the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory of Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory from July 2009 to April 2022. Hair roots and skin scrapings were collected from the participants. The laboratory diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination and culture. Finally, 921 out of 11095 (8.3%) patients were suspected of TC. Results Based on the findings, TC was confirmed in 209 out of 921 patients (22.7%). In terms of gender, 209 TC patients (75.1%) were male. Moreover, the male to female ratio of TC patients was 1:3.0. Trichophyton tonsurans (146/174, 83.91%) was the most etiological agent, followed by T. mentagrophytes (13/174, 7.47%), T. violaceum (9/174, 5.17%), Microsporum canis (3/174, 1.71%), T. verrucosum (2/174, 1.15%) and T. rubrum (1/174, 0.57%). Besides, endothrix (77.0%) was the most prevalent type of hair invasion. Conclusion The results revealed the predominance of T. tonsurans, as a causative agent of TC. Despite the prevalence of TC, the absence of appropriate consideration highlights that it is a neglected complication among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kermani
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Mosayebi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hajheydari
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Golpour
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazemi Nejad
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Abdullah EM, Tawfik A, Fadel M, Alsharnoubi J, Abdel Fadeel DA, Abdallah N. Photodynamic therapy of tinea capitis in children using curcumin loaded in nanospanlastics: A randomized controlled comparative clinical study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brilhante RSN, Lopes RGP, de Aguiar L, de Oliveira JS, Araújo GDS, Paixão GC, Pereira-Neto WDA, Freire RS, Nunes JVS, de Lima RP, Santos FA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Inhibitory effect of proteinase K against dermatophyte biofilms: an alternative for increasing the antifungal effects of terbinafine and griseofulvin. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:286-297. [PMID: 35450473 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2063720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on mature biofilms of dermatophytes, by assays of metabolic activity and biomass. In addition, the proteinase K-terbinafine and proteinase K-griseofulvin interactions against these biofilms were investigated by the checkerboard assay and scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The biofilms exposed to 32 µg ml-1 of proteinase K had lower metabolic activity and biomass, by 39% and 38%, respectively. Drug interactions were synergistic, with proteinase K reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungals against dermatophyte biofilms at a concentration of 32 µg ml-1 combined with 128-256 µg ml-1 of terbinafine and griseofulvin. Microscopic images showed a reduction in biofilms exposed to proteinase K, proteinase K-terbinafine and proteinase K-griseofulvin combinations. These findings demonstrate that proteinase K has activity against biofilms of dermatophytes, and the interactions of proteinase K with terbinafine and griseofulvin improve the activity of drugs against mature dermatophyte biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raissa Geovanna Pereira Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Germana Costa Paixão
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosemayre Souza Freire
- Analytical Centre, Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João Victor Serra Nunes
- Analytical Centre, Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renan Pereira de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Evaluation of the Multiplex Real-Time PCR DermaGenius ® Assay for the Detection of Dermatophytes in Hair Samples from Senegal. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010011. [PMID: 35049951 PMCID: PMC8781194 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the successful treatment of dermatophytoses, especially tinea capitis, there is a need for accurate and rapid diagnostic methods. A lot of recent literature has focused on the detection of dermatophytes directly on sample material such as nails, hair and skin scrapings. Molecular tools offer the ability to rapidly diagnose dermatophytosis within 48 h. This study aimed to compare the results of a commercial real-time PCR (real-time PCR) assay DermaGenius®(DG) 2.0 complete multiplex kit with those of conventional diagnostic methods (direct microscopy and culture). A total of 129 hair samples were collected in Dakar (Senegal) from patients suspected of dermatophytosis. DG was applied for the molecular detection of Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum/soudanense, T. interdigitale, T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes, T. violaceum, Microsporum canis, M. audouinii, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. benhamiae and T. verrucosum. Dermatophytes species and C. albicans were differentiated by melting curve analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay were 89.3% and 75.3%, respectively. DG PCR was significantly more sensitive than culture (p < 0.001). DG PCR is fast and robust to contamination. In this paper, the main questions discussed were the replacement of culture by a broad-spectrum fungal real-time PCR and the implementation of DG PCR into a routine laboratory in Senegal.
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Getso MI, Hashemi SJ, Ghazvini RD, Yusuf SM, Khodavaisy S, Gerami-Shoar M, Kibiya FS, Aliyu UT, Sarvestani HK, Aliyu M. Determination of dermatophytes isolated from tinea capitis using conventional and ITS-based sequencing methods in Kano, Nigeria. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101157. [PMID: 34147757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection of the scalp and hair that affects a large number of people worldwide. The disease commonly affects children and manifests with varying degrees of hair loss, scalp inflammation, and psychosocial impact. In Nigeria, the burden of tinea capitis is worrisome affecting over 15,000,000 school-age children. Molecular techniques complement the conventional mycological examinations in laboratory diagnosis of tinea capitis. In this study, we identified dermatophytes species causing tinea capitis in Kano, Nigeria, using ITS-based nucleotide sequencing technique in addition to conventional mycological examination. METHODS We collected 112 samples from the scalp of children with clinically diagnosed tinea capitis at the dermatology clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, between April and September 2019. The samples were processed and subjected to direct microscopy and mycological culture to isolate dermatophytes species that were identified morphologically and using ITS sequencing. RESULTS Out of the 112 patients investigated, the majority (59.8%) were between the ages 6 and 9 years with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.9 years. Males (79.5%) were predominantly affected. Black dot (46.4%) was the most common clinical type of tinea capitis followed by gray patch (39.3%) and kerion (1.8%). Favus was not observed. Microsporum audouinii (45.7%) was the predominant etiologic agent followed by Trichophyton soudanense (28.6%), T. violaceum (22.9%), and T. tonsurans (2.9%). CONCLUSION The prominence of anthropophilic dermatophytes as the main causes of tinea capitis in our localities suggests that public health interventions to promote health education and good hygiene practices would minimize the transmission rate of tinea capitis among children in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roshanak Daie Ghazvini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shehu Mohammed Yusuf
- Dermatology unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano- Nigeria; Consultant Dermatologist, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gerami-Shoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faiza Sadauki Kibiya
- Dermatology unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano- Nigeria
| | - Usman Tijjani Aliyu
- Consultant Dermatologist, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
| | - Hasti Kamali Sarvestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
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12
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AL-Khikani F, Ayit A. Major challenges in dermatophytosis treatment: current options and future visions. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ejdv.ejdv_23_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Rodríguez‐Cerdeira C, Martínez‐Herrera E, Szepietowski J, Pinto‐Almazán R, Frías‐De‐León M, Espinosa‐Hernández V, Chávez‐Gutiérrez E, García‐Salazar E, Vega‐Sánchez D, Arenas R, Hay R, Saunte D. A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: analysis of the last 20 years. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:844-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodríguez‐Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Dermatology Department Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E. Martínez‐Herrera
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - J.C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - R. Pinto‐Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - M.G. Frías‐De‐León
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - V.M. Espinosa‐Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. Chávez‐Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. García‐Salazar
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - D.C. Vega‐Sánchez
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Hay
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology King's College London London UK
| | - D.M. Saunte
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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14
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Waśkiel-Burnat A, Rakowska A, Sikora M, Ciechanowicz P, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. Trichoscopy of Tinea Capitis: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:43-52. [PMID: 31907867 PMCID: PMC6994564 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increased incidence of tinea capitis has been observed over the last few decades. Trichoscopy is a non-invasive, in-office method helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis in patients with hair loss and inflammatory hair disorders. The objective was to review and analyze current data on the trichoscopy of tinea capitis. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, EBSCO and Scopus databases. The search terms included 'tinea capitis' combined with 'trichoscopy', 'dermatoscopy', 'dermoscopy', 'videodermatoscopy' or 'videodermoscopy'. RESULTS Of 326 articles, 37 were considered eligible for the quantitative analysis. The most characteristic (with a high predictive value) trichoscopic findings of tinea capitis included comma hairs (51%), corkscrew hairs (32%), Morse code-like hairs (22%), zigzag hairs (21%), bent hairs (27%), block hairs (10%) and i-hairs (10%). Other common, but not characteristic, trichoscopic features were broken hairs (57%), black dots (34%), perifollicular scaling (59%) and diffuse scaling (89%). Morse code-like hairs, zigzag hairs, bent hairs and diffuse scaling were only observed in Microsporum tinea capitis (8/29, 28%; 6/29, 21%; 4/29, 14% and 4/29, 14%, respectively). In Trichophyton tinea capitis, corkscrew hairs were more commonly detected compared to Microsporum tinea capitis (21/38, 55% vs 3/29, 10%). CONCLUSION The presence of characteristic trichoscopic features of tinea capitis is sufficient to establish the initial diagnosis and introduce treatment before culture results are available. Trichoscopy may be useful in distinguishing between Microsporum and Trichophyton tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Sikora
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Tufa TB, Denning DW. The Burden of Fungal Infections in Ethiopia. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5040109. [PMID: 31771096 PMCID: PMC6958437 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of severe fungal infections (FIs) is not well addressed in Ethiopia. We have estimated the burden of FIs from multiple demographic sources and by searching articles from PubMed. Opportunistic FIs were estimated using modelling and 2017 national HIV data. The burdens of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) were estimated by using the prevalence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and annual the incidence of tuberculosis. Of the 105,000,000 estimated Ethiopian population, 610,000 are thought to have HIV infection. Our estimation of HIV-related FIs were: 9900 cryptococcal meningitis (CM), 12,700 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), 76,300 oral and 56,000 oesophageal candidiasis cases. A remarkable 7,051,700 4–14-year-olds probably have tinea capitis and 1,469,000 women probably have recurrent Candida vaginitis. There were 15,200 estimated CPA cases (prevalence) and 11,500 invasive aspergillosis (IA) cases (incidence). Data are scant, but we estimated 5300 candidaemia and 800 Candida peritonitis cases. In conclusion, approximately 8% of Ethiopians suffer from FIs annually, mostly schoolchildren with tinea capitis. IA, CM and PCP are the major causes of fungal deaths. The absence of CD4 count is challenging the identification of HIV patients at risk of opportunistic FIs. There is a pressing need to improve FI diagnosis, probably including national surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafese B. Tufa
- Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, P.O. Box 04, Asella, Ethiopia
- Hirsch Institute of Tropical Medicine (HITM), Heinrich-Heine University, P.O. Box 04, Asella, Ethiopia
- Correspondence:
| | - David W. Denning
- The National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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