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Fernandes R, Abreu R, Serrano I, Such R, Garcia-Vila E, Quirós S, Cunha E, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wild mammals from two rescue and rehabilitation centers in Costa Rica: characterization and public health relevance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8039. [PMID: 38580725 PMCID: PMC10997758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence profiles of 67 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from faecal samples of 77 wild mammals from 19 different species, admitted in two rescue and rehabilitation centers in Costa Rica. It was possible to classify 48% (n = 32) of the isolates as multidrug-resistant, and while the highest resistance levels were found towards commonly prescribed antimicrobials, resistance to fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins were also observed. Isolates obtained from samples of rehabilitated animals or animals treated with antibiotics were found to have significantly higher AMR levels, with the former also having a significant association with a multidrug-resistance profile. Additionally, the isolates displayed the capacity to produce α-haemolysins (n = 64, 96%), biofilms (n = 51, 76%) and protease (n = 21, 31%). Our results showed that AMR might be a widespread phenomenon within Costa Rican wildlife and that both free-ranging and rehabilitated wild mammals are potential carriers of bacteria with important resistance and virulence profiles. These results highlight the need to study potential sources of resistance determinants to wildlife, and to determine if wild animals can disseminate resistant bacteria in the environment, potentially posing a significant threat to public health and hindering the implementation of a "One Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fernandes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Abreu
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sandy Quirós
- Alturas Wildlife Sanctuary, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal.
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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2
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Dsouza FP, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Understanding the intricacies of microbial biofilm formation and its endurance in chronic infections: a key to advancing biofilm-targeted therapeutic strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:85. [PMID: 38300317 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can adhere to various surfaces in the environment with human beings being no exception. Enclosed in a self-secreted matrix which contains extracellular polymeric substances, biofilms are intricate communities of bacteria that play a significant role across various sectors and raise concerns for public health, medicine and industries. These complex structures allow free-floating planktonic cells to adopt multicellular mode of growth which leads to persistent infections. This is of great concern as biofilms can withstand external attacks which include antibiotics and immune responses. A more comprehensive and innovative approach to therapy is needed in view of the increasing issue of bacterial resistance brought on by the overuse of conventional antimicrobial medications. Thus, to oppose the challenges posed by biofilm-related infections, innovative therapeutic strategies are being explored which include targeting extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing, and persister cells. Biofilm-responsive nanoparticles show promising results by improving drug delivery and reducing the side effects. This review comprehensively examines the factors influencing biofilm formation, host immune defence mechanisms, infections caused by biofilms, diagnostic approaches, and biofilm-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India
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3
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Wu S, Cui L, Han Y, Lin F, Huang J, Song M, Lan Z, Sun S. Characteristics, Whole-Genome Sequencing and Pathogenicity Analysis of Escherichia coli from a White Feather Broiler Farm. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2939. [PMID: 38138083 PMCID: PMC10745608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian colibacillosis, caused by avian Escherichia coli (E. coli), has historically been one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in large-scale poultry production, causing growth delays and mortality in chickens, resulting in huge economic losses. In recent years, the widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance in E. coli as a significant global problem and long-term challenge. Resistant E. coli can be transmitted to humans through animal products or the environment, which presents significant public health concerns and food safety issues. In this study, we analyzed the features of 135 E. coli strains obtained from a white feather broiler farm in Shandong, China, including antimicrobial susceptibility tests, detection of class 1 integrons, drug resistance genes, virulence genes, and phylogenetic subgroups. It is particularly worrying that all 135 E. coli strains were resistant to at least five antibiotic agents, and 100% of them were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Notably, the resistance genes of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrS, aaC4, tetA, and tetB exhibited a high prevalence of carriage among the tested resistance genes. However, mcr-2~mcr-9 were not detected, while the prevalence of mcr-1 was found to be 2.96%. The most common virulence genes detected were EAST1 (14.07%, encoding enterotoxins) and fyuA (14.81%, encoding biofilm formation). Phylogenetic subgroup analysis revealed that E. coli belonging to groups B2 and D, which are commonly associated with high virulence, constituted 2.22% and 11.11%, respectively. The positive rate of class 1 integrons was 31.1%. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and animal experiments were performed on a unique isolated strain called 21EC78 with an extremely strong membrane-forming capacity. The WGS results showed that 21EC78 carried 11 drug resistance genes and 16 virulence genes. Animal experiments showed that intraperitoneal injection with 2 × 105 CFU could cause the death of one-day-old SPF chickens in 3 days. However, the mortality of Luhua chickens was comparatively lower than that of SPF chickens. This study reports the isolation of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains in poultry, which may pose a potential threat to human health via the food chain. Furthermore, the findings of this study enhance our comprehension of the frequency and characteristics of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry farms, emphasizing the urgent need for improved and effective continuous surveillance to control its dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Yu Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Fang Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengze Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Zouran Lan
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
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4
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Ramírez Castillo FY, Guerrero Barrera AL, Harel J, Avelar González FJ, Vogeleer P, Arreola Guerra JM, González Gámez M. Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2858. [PMID: 38138002 PMCID: PMC10745304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are among the leading causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. They can colonize the urinary tract and form biofilms that allow bacteria to survive and persist, causing relapses of infections and life-threatening sequelae. Here, we analyzed biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups in 74 E. coli isolated from diagnosed patients with UTIs to describe their microbiological features and ascertain their relationship with biofilm capabilities. High levels of ceftazidime resistance are present in hospital-acquired UTIs. Isolates of multidrug resistance strains (p = 0.0017) and the yfcV gene (p = 0.0193) were higher in male patients. All the strains tested were able to form biofilms. Significant differences were found among higher optical densities (ODs) and antibiotic resistance to cefazolin (p = 0.0395), ceftazidime (p = 0.0302), and cefepime (p = 0.0420). Overall, the presence of fimH and papC coincided with strong biofilm formation by UPEC. Type 1 fimbriae (p = 0.0349), curli (p = 0.0477), and cellulose (p = 0.0253) production was significantly higher among strong biofilm formation. Our results indicated that high antibiotic resistance may be related to male infections as well as strong and moderate biofilm production. The ability of E. coli strains to produce biofilm is important for controlling urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Yazmín Ramírez Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Alma Lilian Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Josée Harel
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Centre de Recherche en Infectologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada;
| | - Francisco Javier Avelar González
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Philippe Vogeleer
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | | | - Mario González Gámez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes 20259, Mexico;
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Atac N, Onbasli K, Koc I, Yagci Acar H, Can F. Fimbria targeting superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles enhance the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin against quinolone-resistant E. coli. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2072-2081. [PMID: 37602720 PMCID: PMC10616650 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High quinolone resistance of Escherichia coli limits the therapy options for urinary tract infection (UTI). In response to the urgent need for efficient treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, we designed a fimbriae targeting superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) delivering ciprofloxacin to ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) coated SPIONs (BSA@PAA@SPION) were developed for encapsulation of ciprofloxacin and the nanoparticles were tagged with 4-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyrannoside (mannoside, Man) to target E. coli fimbriae. Ciprofloxacin-loaded mannoside tagged nanoparticles (Cip-Man-BSA@PAA@SPION) provided high antibacterial activity (97.1 and 97.5%, respectively) with a dose of 32 μg/mL ciprofloxacin against two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates. Furthermore, a strong biofilm inhibition (86.9% and 98.5%, respectively) was achieved in the isolates at a dose 16 and 8 times lower than the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of ciprofloxacin. Weaker growth inhibition was observed with untargeted nanoparticles, Cip-BSA@PAA@SPIONs, confirming that targeting E. coli fimbria with mannoside-tagged nanoparticles increases the ciprofloxacin efficiency to treat ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. Enhanced killing activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli planktonic cells and strong growth inhibition of their biofilms suggest that Cip-Man-BSA@PAA@SPION system might be an alternative and/or complementary therapeutic option for the treatment of quinolone-resistant E. coli infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Atac
- School of Medicine, Medical MicrobiologyKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Koç University‐İşbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
| | - Kubra Onbasli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineeringİstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Irem Koc
- Graduate School of Materials Science and EngineeringKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Graduate School of Materials Science and EngineeringKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of ChemistryKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Fusun Can
- School of Medicine, Medical MicrobiologyKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Koç University‐İşbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
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6
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Milton AAP, Srinivas K, Lyngdoh V, Momin AG, Lapang N, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Sanjukta R, Sen A, Das S. Biofilm-forming antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli: A one health challenge in Northeast India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20059. [PMID: 37809422 PMCID: PMC10559811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in common food animals (cattle, goats, and pigs) reared by tribal communities and smallholder farmers in Northeast India. The isolates were characterized for the presence of virulence genes, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm production, and the results were statistically interpreted. In pathotyping 141 E. coli isolates, 10 (7.09%, 95% CI: 3.45%-12.66%) were identified as STEC, 2 (1.42%, 95% CI: 0.17%-5.03%) as atypical-EPEC, and 1 (0.71%, 95% CI: 0.02%-3.89%) as typical-EPEC. None of the isolates were classified as ETEC. Additionally, using the phenotypic combination disc method (ceftazidime with and without clavulanic acid), six isolates (46.1%, 95% CI: 19.22%-74.87%) were determined to be ESBL producers. Among the STEC/EPEC strains, eleven (84.6%, 95% CI: 54.55%-98.08%) and one (7.7%, 95% CI: 0.19%-36.03%) strains were capable of producing strong or moderate biofilms, respectively. PFGE analysis revealed indistinguishable patterns for certain isolates, suggesting clonal relationships. These findings highlight the potential role of food animals reared by tribal communities and smallholder farmers as reservoirs of virulent biofilm-forming E. coli pathotypes, with implications for food contamination and zoonotic infections. Therefore, monitoring these pathogens in food animals is crucial for optimizing public health through one health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arun Prince Milton
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K. Srinivas
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Vanita Lyngdoh
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Aleimo G. Momin
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Naphisabet Lapang
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G. Bhuvana Priya
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - R.K. Sanjukta
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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7
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Cardiliya AP, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ. Incidence of biofilms among the multidrug resistant E. coli, isolated from urinary tract infections in the Nilgiris district, South India. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1809-1818. [PMID: 37347344 PMCID: PMC10485203 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (MDRUPEC) significantly correlates with recurrent, complicated, and persistent urinary tract infection (UTI). The leading cause of multidrug resistance is the ability of E. coli to form biofilms. The physiological heterogeneity, genetic incontinency, and putative events in gene expression of biofilms render them resistant to antimicrobials and the host immune system. Understanding the determinants of antimicrobial resistance and its correlation with biofilm formations will, therefore, help the development of a better strategy for treating biofilm-associated UTIs. The present study reports on the in vitro detection of biofilm formation among multidrug resistant E. coli strains isolated from urine, the major cause of communal, nosocomial, and food-borne uropathogenic UTI. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in and around Ooty, Nilgiris, India. From the 869 urine samples analyzed for UTI, 29.34% were found to be caused by E. coli. Among this about 23.92% were found to be multidrug resistant. Among the multidrug resistant E. coli isolates, 36.06% of them were potent biofilm producers. E. coli biofilms (n = 22) were resistant to the antibiotics used to treat UTI, namely, amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalotin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. All the biofilm producers exhibited motility and hemaggultination but none were positive for hemolysin production. The isolated E. coli biofilms were confirmed by VITEK R2 Compact (bioMerieux, France) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Cardiliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - M J N Chandrasekar
- School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (Ooty Campus), Longwood, Road, Ooty 643001, The Nilgiris, Mysuru, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M J Nanjan
- Masi Consultants, 128, Vijayanagar Palace road, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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Whelan S, Lucey B, Finn K. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2169. [PMID: 37764013 PMCID: PMC10537683 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, especially among women and older adults, leading to a significant global healthcare cost burden. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common cause and accounts for the majority of community-acquired UTIs. Infection by UPEC can cause discomfort, polyuria, and fever. More serious clinical consequences can result in urosepsis, kidney damage, and death. UPEC is a highly adaptive pathogen which presents significant treatment challenges rooted in a complex interplay of molecular factors that allow UPEC to evade host defences, persist within the urinary tract, and resist antibiotic therapy. This review discusses these factors, which include the key genes responsible for adhesion, toxin production, and iron acquisition. Additionally, it addresses antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including chromosomal gene mutations, antibiotic deactivating enzymes, drug efflux, and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking analysis of emerging alternative therapies, such as phage therapy, nano-formulations, and interventions based on nanomaterials, as well as vaccines and strategies for immunomodulation. This review underscores the continued need for research into the molecular basis of pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance in the treatment of UPEC, as well as the need for clinically guided treatment of UTIs, particularly in light of the rapid spread of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
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9
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Arafi V, Hasani A, Sadeghi J, Varshochi M, Poortahmasebi V, Hasani A, Hasani R. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli endeavors: an insight into the characteristic features, resistance mechanism, and treatment choice. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:226. [PMID: 37156886 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the strains diverted from the intestinal status and account mainly for uropathogenicity. This pathotype has gained specifications in structure and virulence to turn into a competent uropathogenic organism. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance play an important role in the organism's persistence in the urinary tract. Increased consumption of carbapenem prescribed for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extended-spectrum-beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPECs, has added to the expansion of resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control (CDC) placed the Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) on their treatment priority lists. Understanding both patterns of pathogenicity, and multiple drug resistance may provide guidance for the rational use of anti-bacterial agents in the clinic. Developing an effective vaccine, adherence-inhibiting compounds, cranberry juice, and probiotics are non-antibiotical approaches proposed for the treatment of drug-resistant UTIs. We aimed to review the distinguishing characteristics, current therapeutic options and promising non-antibiotical approaches against ESBL-producing and CRE UPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Arafi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Sadeghi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Varshochi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Adhikari S, Sharma Regmi R, Sapkota S, Khadka S, Patel N, Gurung S, Thapa D, Bhattarai P, Sapkota P, Devkota R, Ghimire A, Rijal KR. Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation and detection of bla CTX-M and bla VIM genes in E. coli and Salmonella isolates from chutney served at the street-food stalls of Bharatpur, Nepal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15739. [PMID: 37144188 PMCID: PMC10151422 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amid the bacteria found in ready-to-eat foods is a grave concern today warranting an immediate intervention. The current study was undertaken to explore the status of AMR in E. coli and Salmonella species in ready-to-eat Chutney samples (n = 150) served at the street food stalls in Bharatpur, Nepal, with a major focus on detecting extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) genes along with biofilm formation. Average viable counts, coliform counts, and Salmonella Shigella counts were 1.33 × 106±141481.4, 1.83 × 105±91303.6, and 1.24 × 105±63933.19 respectively. Out of 150 samples, 41 (27.33%) harbored E. coli, of which 7 were E. coli O157:H7; whereas Salmonella spp. were found in 31 (20.67%) samples. Bacterial contamination of Chutney by E. coli and Salmonella and ESBL-production were both found significantly affected by different sources of water used, personal hygiene and literacy rate of the vendors as well as by the type of cleaning materials used to wash knives and chopping boards (P < 0.05). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that imipenem was the most effective drug against both types of bacterial isolates. Additionally, 14 (45.16%) Salmonella isolates and 27 (65.85%) E. coli isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Total ESBL (bla CTX-M) producers reported were 4 (12.90%) Salmonella spp. and 9 (21.95%) E. coli. Only 1 (3.23%) Salmonella spp. and 2 (4.88%) E. coli isolates were bla VIM gene carriers. Dissemination of knowledge of personal hygiene amongst the street vendors and consumer awareness regarding ready-to-eat foods are crucial factors that can be suggested to curtail the emergence and transmission of food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Sharma Regmi
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Sanjeep Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sujan Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Nitendra Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Sandhya Gurung
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Divya Thapa
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Prabina Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Prakriti Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Ranjana Devkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Albert Ghimire
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
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11
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Maione A, Galdiero E, Cirillo L, Gambino E, Gallo MA, Sasso FP, Petrillo A, Guida M, Galdiero M. Prevalence, Resistance Patterns and Biofilm Production Ability of Bacterial Uropathogens from Cases of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in South Italy. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040537. [PMID: 37111423 PMCID: PMC10145297 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired urinary tract infections represent the most common infectious diseases in the community setting. Knowing the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens is crucial for establishing empirical treatment. The aim of the current study is to determine the incidence of the causative agents of UTIs and their resistance profiles. Patients of all ages and both sexes were enrolled in the study, and admitted to San Ciro Diagnostic Center in Naples between January 2019 and Jun 2020. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were carried out using Vitek 2 system. Among the 2741 urine samples, 1702 (62.1%) and 1309 (37.9%) were negative and positive for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 1309 patients with infection, 760 (73.1%) were females and 279 (26.9%) were males. The greatest number of positive cases were found in the in the elderly (>61 years). Regarding uropathogens, 1000 (96.2%) were Gram-negative while 39 (3.8%) were Gram-positive strains. The three most isolated pathogenic strains were Escherichia coli (72.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.4%), and Proteus mirabilis (9.0%). Strong biofilm formation ability was observed in about 30% of the tested isolates. The low resistance rates recorded against nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and gentamicin could suggest them as the most appropriate therapies for CA-UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edvige Gambino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Paola Sasso
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Naples, Italy
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12
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Shinu P. Antimicrobial Resistance, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Biofilm Production in Citrobacter freundii Isolates Obtained from Urinary Tract Infections. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221147747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the link between phenotypic traits, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-producing capacity of urinary isolates of Citrobacter freundii ( C. freundii). Methods Both pan-antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant C. freundii isolates ( n = 120) obtained from laboratory-confirmed urinary tract infections were analyzed for their link between antimicrobial resistance, phenotypic characteristics, and biofilm production. Results Of the total C. freundii isolates ( n = 120), 30% (37/120) of them formed large colonies. Among the total large colonies produced ( n = 37), they were present in 21.62%, 10.81%, 13.5%, 16.2%, 21.62%, and 16.21% in the control group, CIP-group, FOS-group, COT-group, Gent-group, and ESBL groups, respectively. Compared to the pan-susceptible isolates, the occurrence of large-sized-colony-forming strains was relatively reduced in most of the drug-resistant groups. The overall distribution of mucoid colonies produced ( n = 54) includes 9.25%, 18.51%, 16.66%, 18.51%, 20.3%, and 16.66% in the control group, CIP-group, FOS-group, COT-group, Gent-group, and ESBL groups, respectively. Of the total isolates that produced biofilm ( n = 51), 11.76% of isolates showed biofilm formation in the control group. Alternatively, the rate was found to be 15.68%, 11.76%, 25.49%, 19.6%, and 15.68% in the CIP-group, FOS-group, SXT-group, Gen-group, and ESBL-groups, respectively. Conclusion This study correlates the association between phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm production, the three main characteristics of C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
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13
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Effect of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, and Trimethoprim on In Vitro Biofilm Formation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 11:medsci11010001. [PMID: 36649038 PMCID: PMC9844298 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim on biofilm formation in 57 uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains (UPEC). The minimum inhibitory concentration of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim was determined and the biofilm formation for each isolate with and without sub-lethal concentrations of each antibiotic was then quantified. The statistical significance of changes in biofilm formation was ascertained by way of a Dunnett's test. A total of 22.8% of strains were induced to form stronger biofilms by nitrofurantoin, 12% by ciprofloxacin, and 19% by trimethoprim; conversely 36.8% of strains had inhibited biofilm formation with nitrofurantoin, 52.6% with ciprofloxacin, and 38.5% with trimethoprim. A key finding was that even in cases where the isolate was resistant to an antibiotic as defined by EUCAST, many were induced to form a stronger biofilm when grown with sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics, especially trimethoprim, where six of the 22 trimethoprim resistant strains were induced to form stronger biofilms. These findings suggest that the use of empirical treatment with trimethoprim without first establishing susceptibility may in fact potentiate infection in cases where a patient who is suffering from a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by trimethoprim resistant UPEC is administered trimethoprim. This emphasizes the need for laboratory-guided treatment of UTI.
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14
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Dawadi P, Khanal S, Prasai Joshi T, KC S, Tuladhar R, Maharjan BL, Darai A, Joshi DR. Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Sub-Inhibitory Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221135224. [PMID: 36420183 PMCID: PMC9677168 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221135224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most prevalent cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance could be high among the causative agent. The purpose of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance, biofilm production, and biofilm-associated genes, bcsA and csgD, and sub-inhibitory hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation in UPEC for biofilm formation. A total of 71 UPEC were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu and subjected to identify antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. The biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter culture plate method while pellicle formation was tested by a tube method. In representative 15 isolates based on biofilm-forming ability, bcsA and csgD were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction, and treated with sub-lethal H2O2. The UPEC were found the most susceptible to meropenem (90.2%), and the least to ampicillin (11.3%) in vitro and 90.1% of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Most UPEC harbored biofilm-producing ability (97.2%), and could form pellicle at 37°C. Among representative 15 isolates, csgD was detected only among 10 isolates (66.67%) while bcsA gene was present in 13 isolates (86.67%). This study revealed that level of biofilm production elevated after sub-lethal H2O2 treatment (P = .041). These findings suggested that the pathogens are emerging as MDR. The biofilm production is high and the majority of selected strains contained bcsA and csgD genes. Pellicle formation test was suggestive to be an alternative qualitative method to screen biofilm production in UPEC. The sub-inhibitory concentration of H2O2 may contribute in increasing biofilm formation in UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Dawadi
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tista Prasai Joshi
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sudeep KC
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Reshma Tuladhar
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijaya Laxmi Maharjan
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anjani Darai
- Department of Pathology, Bharosa Hospital, Mid-Baneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dev Raj Joshi
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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15
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Efficacy of Fosfomycin against Planktonic and Biofilm-Associated MDR Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090235. [PMID: 36136646 PMCID: PMC9505523 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a severe public health problem and are caused mainly by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Antimicrobial resistance and limited development of new antimicrobials have led to the reuse of old antibiotics such as fosfomycin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of fosfomycin on a collection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC and the degradative activity on biofilm producers. A total of 100 MDR UPEC clinical isolates were collected from patients at Mexican second- and third-level hospitals. Microorganism identification was performed using an automated system, the evaluation of the susceptibility of clinical isolates to fosfomycin was performed using the resazurin microtiter assay, and the identification of biofilm producers and the effect of fosfomycin in biofilms were evaluated using the crystal violet method. Among planktonic MDR UPEC, 93% were susceptible to fosfomycin. Eighty-three MDR UPEC were categorized as weak (39.8%), moderate (45.2%), and strong (14.5%) biofilm producers. Fosfomycin exhibited degradative activity ranging from 164.4 µg/mL to 1,045 µg/mL. Weak producers required statistically lower concentrations of fosfomycin to destroy the biofilm, contrary to moderate and strong producers. In conclusion, fosfomycin could be an option for the treatment of infections caused by MDR UPEC, for which the antimicrobial treatment is more often becoming limited.
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16
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Arafa SH, Alshehri WA, Organji SR, Elbanna K, Obaid NA, Aldosari MS, Asiri FH, Ahmad I, Abulreesh HH. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:325-339. [PMID: 36048880 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine samples were examined for the presence of E. coli by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors (kpsMTII, traT, sat, csgA, vat, and iutA) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated E. coli was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in samples of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic E. coli isolates carried the kpsMTII, iutA, traT, and csgA genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the sat and vat genes. The diversity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer R Organji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Najla A Obaid
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatimah H Asiri
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ballash GA, Mollenkopf DF, Diaz-Campos D, van Balen JC, Cianciolo RE, Wittum TE. Pathogenomics and clinical recurrence influence biofilm capacity of Escherichia coli isolated from canine urinary tract infections. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270461. [PMID: 36006972 PMCID: PMC9409522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation enhances bacteria’s ability to colonize unique niches while protecting themselves from environmental stressors. Escherichia coli that colonize the urinary tract can protect themselves from the harsh bladder environment by forming biofilms. These biofilms promote persistence that can lead to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). While biofilm formation is frequently studied among urinary E. coli, its association with other pathogenic mechanisms and adaptations in certain host populations remains poorly understood. Here we utilized whole genome sequencing and retrospective medical record analysis to investigate associations between the population structure, phenotypic resistance, resistome, virulome, and patient demographic and clinical findings of 104 unique urinary E. coli and their capacity to form biofilms. We show that population structure including multilocus sequence typing and Clermont phylogrouping had no association with biofilm capacity. Among clinical factors, exposure to multiple antibiotics within that past 30 days and a clinical history of recurrent UTIs were positively associated with biofilm formation. In contrast, phenotypic antimicrobial reduced susceptibility and corresponding acquired resistance genes were negatively associated with biofilm formation. While biofilm formation was associated with increased virulence genes within the cumulative virulome, individual virulence genes did not influence biofilm capacity. We identified unique virulotypes among different strata of biofilm formation and associated the presence of the tosA/R-ibeA gene combination with moderate to strong biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that E. coli causing UTI in dogs utilize a heterogenous mixture of virulence genes to reach a biofilm phenotype, some of which may promote robust biofilm capacity. Antimicrobial use may select for two populations, non-biofilm formers that maintain an arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes to nullify treatment and a second that forms durable biofilms to avoid therapeutic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dixie F. Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dubraska Diaz-Campos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joany C. van Balen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Insights into mucoid Acinetobacter baumannii: A review of microbiological characteristics, virulence, and pathogenic mechanisms in a threatening nosocomial pathogen. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Qian W, Li X, Yang M, Liu C, Kong Y, Li Y, Wang T, Zhang Q. Relationship Between Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Biofilm-Specific Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Ningbo, China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2865-2878. [PMID: 35686192 PMCID: PMC9172925 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s363652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, 710309, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Kong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ting Wang; Qian Zhang, Tel +10 29-86168583, Email ;
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518004, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Giedraitiene A, Pereckaite L, Bredelyte-Gruodiene E, Virgailis M, Ciapiene I, Tatarunas V. CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli strains: resistance to temocillin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and biofilm formation. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:789-802. [PMID: 35549350 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: ESBL-producing and bacterial biofilms-forming Escherichia coli are associated with antimicrobial treatment failure. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic resistance mechanisms of CTX-M E. coli against old antibiotics - cell wall synthesis inhibitors temocillin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. Materials & Methods: Susceptibility to old antibiotics testing was performed using disk diffusion method, biofilm formation was evaluated spectrophotometrically, and PCR was used for the determination of CTX-M type. Results & conclusion: Temocillin was active against nearly 93%, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin, respectively, 91.7% and 98.6% of tested E. coli. Thus, it demonstrated to be a good alternative therapeutic option against ESBL infections. Bacteria resistant to old antibiotics had CTX-M-15 or CTX-M-15, TEM-1 and OXA-1 combinations. No significant association was found between CTX-M E. coli resistance to temocillin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin; however, the level of biofilm formation was found as not affected by the type of CTX-M β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Giedraitiene
- Institute of Microbiology & Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Laura Pereckaite
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-50161, Lithuania
| | | | - Marius Virgailis
- Institute of Microbiology & Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Ciapiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-50161, Lithuania
| | - Vacis Tatarunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-50161, Lithuania
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Studies on Virulence and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates and Therapeutic Effect of Fosfomycin in Acute Pyelonephritis Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8334153. [PMID: 35141335 PMCID: PMC8818418 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8334153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The understanding about virulence factors (VFs) and the drug resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) helps us understand the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and make better decisions for clinical treatment. This study examined the correlation between the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) phenotype and VFs in UPEC strains. In addition, we validated the therapeutic potential of fosfomycin in acute pyelonephritis mice. From May 2017 to November 2018, 22 nonduplicate E coli. strains were isolated from UTI patients. PCR was utilized to detect the distribution of virulence genes. We also analyzed the ESBL phenotype in E coli. We further evaluated the therapeutic effect of intravenous fosfomycin treatment in the acute pyelonephritis (APN) model. All 22 UPEC strains expressed the type 1 fimbriae (FimH) gene and more than 50% (12/22) of strains produced ESBLs. The detection rates of the iron acquisition-associated genes ChuT and IutA were 77.3% (n = 17) and 50% (n = 11) and those of P fimbria papA and papC genes were 45% (n = 10) and 50% (n = 11), respectively. Though the VFs were closely related with pathologenicity, the relationship between VFs and ESBLs still needs further investigation. Furthermore, intravenous fosfomycin 800 mg/kg significantly reduced the bacterial load and the inflammatory infiltration in the bladder and kidney, maintaining the structural integrity of the kidney. Intravenous fosfomycin administration can be used for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis caused by highly pathogenic and drug-resistant UPEC strains.
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Huang L, Huang C, Yan Y, Sun L, Li H. Urinary Tract Infection Etiological Profiles and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Varied Among Different Age Categories: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary General Hospital During a 12-Year Period. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:813145. [PMID: 35154037 PMCID: PMC8829000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide. With continuing trends of antibiotic resistance, the etiological distribution and antibiotic susceptibility surveillance are of great importance for empirical antimicrobial therapy. The risk factors and clinical circumstances of UTI among different age categories varied; thus, the pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities of UTI may also change with age. The aim of this study was to compare the etiological profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns of UTIs sorted by different age categories from a tertiary general hospital during a 12-year period. Methods All positive urine culture results from non-repetitive UTI patients in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2020 were collected retrospectively. The microbial distribution and antibiotic resistance rates were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. The etiological profiles sorted by different age categories (newborn, pediatric, adult, and geriatric) and antibiotic resistance rates of the top five pathogens were analyzed. Results A total of 13,308 non-repetitive UTI patients were included in our study. Enterococcus faecium was dominant in newborn (45%, n = 105), and replaced by Escherichia coli in pediatric (34%, n = 362), adult (43%, n = 3,416), and geriatric (40%, n = 1,617), respectively. The etiological profiles of different age categories were divergent, sorted by genders (male and female) and ward types (outpatient, inpatient, ICU, and emergency). E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the top five pathogens in all age categories. The resistance rates of cefoperazone–sulbactam and piperacillin–tazobactam in E. coli were low in all age categories. The resistance rates of other cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroqinolones in K. pneumoniae were higher in geriatric patients overall. E. faecium was more resistant than E. faecalis in all age categories. Multidrug resistance increased with age, which was more serious in geriatric patients. Conclusion The UTI etiological profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns varied among different age categories, especially in pediatric and geriatric patients; thus, a different antibiotic therapy for various age categories should be considered when initiating empirical antimicrobial therapies.
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A global systematic review and meta-analysis on correlation between Biofilm producers and Non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichiacoli. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105412. [PMID: 35065252 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli accounts for nearly 80% of community-acquired and 50% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between biofilm producers and Non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from patients with UTI globally. The search was conducted between 1st 2000 to 30th October 2021 in various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, and Google Scholar) with suitable MeSH terms, and text words. Then, after applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria on the studies for their selection, the data were analyzed by CMA software. Thirty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria to include. The pooled prevalence of ESBL and MDR isolates were reported 37.9%, and 65.8%, respectively. Biofilm formation varied between 13.3% and 99% all over the world. A total of 74.4% of all isolates were biofilm producers, out of which 28.6%, 35.2%, and 38.6% showed strong, moderate, and weak biofilm. The highest and lowest resistance was against Amoxicillin and Meropenem with the prevalence of 80.8%, and 13%, respectively. Fourteen out of 17(82.35%) studies reported a positive correlation between biofilm and antibiotic resistance. Findings showed high numbers of isolates were able to form biofilm, which is one of the factors of antibiotic resistance, and this has been confirmed by the positive significant correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance that has been reported by studies included. Therefore, due to the importance of biofilm in the etiology of UTI caused by UPEC, it should be prevented; consequently, bacterial resistance can be reduced and controlled.
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Nasrollahian S, Halaji M, Hosseini A, Teimourian M, Armaki MT, Rajabnia M, Gholinia H, Pournajaf A. Genetic Diversity, Carbapenem Resistance Genes, and Biofilm Formation in UPEC Isolated from Patients with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in North of Iran. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9520362. [PMID: 36187911 PMCID: PMC9507725 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9520362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated in patients with urinary catheters alarming rate of emergency status. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular causes of carbapenem resistance among UPEC as well as antimicrobial resistance trends. Additionally, the potential of isolates to produce biofilms, in addition to their clonal and genetic diversity, was investigated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was accomplished on a collection of 76 non-duplicate UPEC isolates obtained from CAUTIs from May 2021 to September 2021. The modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) test was performed for the detection of carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity. Also, the presence of carbapenemase genes was determined using PCR assays. In 96-well microtiter plates, biofilm development was evaluated. ERIC-PCR was used to investigate the clonal and genetic variety of isolates. RESULTS A total of 76 confirmed UPEC isolates were obtained from patients mentioned to teaching hospitals in Babol, Iran. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high rate of antibiotic resistance against nalidixic acid (81.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80.3%). Among UPEC isolates, 63.2% and 13.2% of UPEC isolates were positive for MBL production. The frequencies of the studied genes are in order of bla NDM (14.5%), bla OXA-23 (2.6%), and bla OXA-48 (2.6%). Forty-two isolates (55.3%) were positive for biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR revealed that UPEC isolates could be categorized into nine clusters A-I and five isolates were categorized as a singleton. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of MDR and carbapenemase-producing isolates among the UPEC strain in this investigation is concerning. Moreover, the bla NDM was the most frequent cause of producing metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase. Also, analysis revealed a partial genetic similarity among the studied isolates, indicating that the same UPEC clones may have spread to other hospital units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nasrollahian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Akramasadat Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Teimourian
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rajabnia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Biofilm Production by Uropathogens in Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent and Isolated Urinary Tract Infection. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021; 28:e127-e132. [PMID: 34768258 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the in vitro biofilm-producing capabilities of uropathogens grown from a postmenopausal urogynecologic population with isolated and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and to determine whether the biofilm-producing bacterial phenotype was associated with recurrent infection. METHODS This was an institutional review board-approved cross-sectional analysis within a large academic referral center. Uropathogens were cultured from postmenopausal women with either isolated or recurrent acute UTI and then screened for in vitro biofilm formation using crystal violet microtiter assays. Demographic and clinical variables, including pelvic floor symptoms and surgical history were collected and analyzed. A multivariate model was developed to determine whether recurrent UTI was independently associated with biofilm production. RESULTS Eighty-nine women were included: 67.4% White, 25.8% Black, 3.4% Asian, and 1.1% Hispanic with a mean age of 72 ± 10.5 years. Ninety-five uropathogen strains were isolated. Most uropathogens produced biofilm (n = 53, 55.8%). Uropathogens from women with recurrent UTI were significantly more likely to produce biofilm (70%) than uropathogens collected from women with isolated UTI (38.6%, P = 0.0033). Adjusting for age, prior pelvic reconstructive surgery, and body mass index, recurrent UTI bacteria were more likely to produce biofilm, compared with isolated UTI (odds ratio, 5.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-14.4; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of postmenopausal urogynecology patients, in vitro biofilm formation was more frequently observed in uropathogens isolated from women with recurrent UTI compared with women with isolated UTI. Further study is needed to assess the role of biofilms in recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women.
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Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Genes and Association with Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Southwestern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, encoding superficial and secretory virulence factors, can lead to colonization and facilitation of bacterial growth in the host urinary tract, causing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Objectives: This study determined the ability of biofilm formation by the Congo red agar method, the presence of virulence genes using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence genes in E. coli clinical isolates in Yasuj. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 144 UPEC isolates collected in 2017. Biofilm formation was detected by the Congo red agar phenotypic assay and virulence factors by the multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic resistance tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Out of 144 isolates of E. coli, 22 (19.4%) isolates showed to be strong biofilm producers, 27 (23.8%) moderate biofilm producers, and 64 (56.3%) weak biofilm producers. A significant relationship was observed between biofilm-producing strains and resistance to ampicillin (P = 0.020) and cotrimoxazole (P = 0.038). The virulence genes in strong biofilm producers included iutA (95%), FimH (93%), ompT (90%), PAI (90%), and TraT (81%) genes. The phylogroup B2 carried the most virulence genes. A significant correlation was observed between E. coli phylogenetic groups and aer (P = 0.019), iroN (P = 0.042), and ompT (P = 0.032) virulence genes. Conclusions: The results of this study showed a high prevalence of virulence genes, and antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains capable of biofilm formation. The results of this study may help elucidate the pathogenesis of UPEC and facilitate better treatment strategies for patients with UTIs in this geographic area.
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Flagella, Type I Fimbriae and Curli of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Promote the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Coculture System. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112233. [PMID: 34835359 PMCID: PMC8624364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a public health problem in Mexico, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the main etiological agents. Flagella, type I fimbriae, and curli promote the ability of these bacteria to successfully colonize its host. Aim. This study aimed to determine whether flagella-, type I fimbriae-, and curli-expressing UPEC induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines in an established coculture system. Methods. The fliC, fimH, and csgA genes by UPEC strain were disrupted by allelic replacement. Flagella, type I fimbriae, and curli were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HTB-5 (upper chamber) and HMC-1 (lower chamber) cells cocultured in Transwell® plates were infected with these UPEC strains and purified proteins. There was adherence to HTB-5 cells treated with different UPEC strains and they were quantified as colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Results. High concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were induced by the FimH and FliC proteins; however, these cytokines were detected in low concentrations in presence of CsgA. Compared with UPEC CFT073, CFT073ΔfimH, CFT073ΔfimHΔfliC, and CFT073ΔcsgAΔfimH strains significantly reduced the adherence to HTB-5 cells. Conclusion. The FimH and FliC proteins are involved in IL-6 and IL-8 release in a coculture model of HTB-5 and HMC-1 cells.
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Gajdács M, Baráth Z, Kárpáti K, Szabó D, Usai D, Zanetti S, Donadu MG. No Correlation between Biofilm Formation, Virulence Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Results from a Laboratory-Based In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1134. [PMID: 34572716 PMCID: PMC8471826 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) possesses a plethora of virulence determinants, including the production of biofilm, pigments, exotoxins, proteases, flagella, and secretion systems. The aim of our present study was to establish the relationship between biofilm-forming capacity, the expression of some important virulence factors, and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype in P. aeruginosa. A total of three hundred and two (n = 302) isolates were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of resistance determinants were carried out; based on these results, isolates were grouped into distinct resistotypes and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices were calculated. The capacity of isolates to produce biofilm was assessed using a crystal violet microtiter-plate based method. Motility (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and pigment-production (pyoverdine and pyocyanin) were also measured. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine for antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-formation, and expression of other virulence factors. Resistance rates were the highest for ceftazidime (56.95%; n = 172), levofloxacin (54.97%; n = 166), and ciprofloxacin (54.64%; n = 159), while lowest for colistin (1.66%; n = 5); 44.04% (n = 133) of isolates were classified as MDR. 19.87% (n = 60), 20.86% (n = 63) and 59.27% (n = 179) were classified as weak, moderate, and strong biofilm producers, respectively. With the exception of pyocyanin production (0.371 ± 0.193 vs. non-MDR: 0.319 ± 0.191; p = 0.018), MDR and non-MDR isolates did not show significant differences in expression of virulence factors. Additionally, no relevant correlations were seen between the rate of biofilm formation, pigment production, or motility. Data on interplay between the presence and mechanisms of drug resistance with those of biofilm formation and virulence is crucial to address chronic bacterial infections and to provide strategies for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Kárpáti
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Donatella Usai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.U.); (S.Z.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.U.); (S.Z.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.U.); (S.Z.); (M.G.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Gajdács M, Kárpáti K, Nagy ÁL, Gugolya M, Stájer A, Burián K. Association between biofilm-production and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates: A laboratory-based case study and a literature review. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021. [PMID: 34524972 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can enhance their survival by attaching to inanimate surfaces or tissues, and presenting as multicellular communities encased in a protective extracellular matrix called biofilm. There has been pronounced interest in assessing the relationship between the antibiotic resistant phenotype and biofilm-production in clinically-relevant pathogens. The aim of the present paper was to provide additional experimental results on the topic, testing the biofilm-forming capacity of Escherichia coli isolates using in vitro methods in the context of their antibiotic resistance in the form of a laboratory case study, in addition to provide a comprehensive review of the subject. In our case study, a total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) E. coli isolates, originating from either clean-catch urine samples (n = 125) or invasive samples (n = 125) were included. The colony morphology of isolates were recorded after 24h, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was assessed with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. Altogether 57 isolates (22.8%) isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), 89 isolates (35.6%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in 131 cases (52.4%), and 108 (43.2%) were positive for biofilm formation. Biofilm-producers were less common among isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.043 and P = 0.023, respectively). Biofilms facilitate a protective growth strategy in bacteria, ensuring safety against environmental stressors, components of the immune system and noxious chemical agents. Being an integral part of bacterial physiology, biofilm-formation is interdependent with the expression of other virulence factors (especially adhesins) and quorum sensing signal molecules. More research is required to allow for the full understanding of the interplay between the MDR phenotype and biofilm-production, which will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- 1Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt 63., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- 2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kárpáti
- 3Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 64-66., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám László Nagy
- 4Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Gugolya
- 2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anette Stájer
- 5Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- 6Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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El-Mahdy R, Mahmoud R, Shrief R. Characterization of E. coli Phylogroups Causing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3183-3193. [PMID: 34429618 PMCID: PMC8378909 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s325770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterization of different uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) phylogroups is crucial to understand pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of our study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern, biofilm formation and pathogenicity islands (PAIs) of UPEC phylogroups isolated from catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) compared to community UTI (Com-UTI). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 90 UPEC strains recovered from CAUTI and Com-UTI. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer method and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed using the combined disk. The biofilm formation was tested using the microtiter plate assay. Main E. coli phylogroups (A, B1, B2 and D) were detected by multiplex PCR and 2 multiplex PCR detected the 8 PAIs. RESULTS Antibiotic resistance of UPEC strains showed a similar high resistance in CAUTI and Com-UTI. Isolates from CAUTI significantly produced biofilm higher than Com-UTI strains (68.9% vs 44.4%). In CAUTI and Com-UTI isolates, phylogroup A was the commonest (53.3% vs 48.9%, respectively). PAI IV536 was the most common in the strains from CAUTI (71.1%) and Com-UTI (73.3%). No significant relationship was detected between the studied characters and different phylogroups except the significant resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam among phylogroups from CAUTI isolates. CONCLUSION Increased antibiotic resistance and ESBLs were detected in UPEC strains from CAUTI and Com-UTI. The strains from CAUTI significantly produced biofilm higher than Com-UTI strains. Phylogroup A was the predominate phylogroup and PAI IV536 was the most prevalent marker in all phylogroups from both types of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha El-Mahdy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mahmoud
- Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raghdaa Shrief
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Birlutiu RM, Mihalache M, Mihalache P, Cismasiu RS, Birlutiu V. Mid-term follow-up results after implementing a new strategy for the diagnosis and management of periprosthetic joint infections. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:807. [PMID: 34384360 PMCID: PMC8361652 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent one of the most serious complications associated with joint replacement surgeries, a complication also of modern orthopedic surgery despite the efforts that occurred in this field. Frequently PJIs lead to prolonged morbidity, increased costs and mortality. METHODS We are conducting a single-center observational cohort ongoing study in the Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Romania, study in which sonication of the retrieved and as a rapid method of bacteria detection, molecular identification of bacteria by 16S rRNA beacon-based fluorescent in situ hybridization (bbFISH) are used. RESULTS A total of 61 patients were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of aseptic loosening was established in 30 cases (49.1%) and the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection was established at 31 patients (50.8%). The mean follow-up period in the subgroup of patients diagnosed with periprosthetic joint infections was 36.06 ± 12.59 months (range: 1-54). The 25-months Kaplan-Meier survival rate as the end point, as a consequence of the period of enrollment and a different follow-up period for each type of surgical procedure, was 75% after debridement and implant retention, 91.7% after one-stage exchange, 92.3% after two-stage exchange, and 100% after three-stage exchange. There were no significant differences in survival percentage. CONCLUSIONS Our study has good results similar to previously published data. We cannot recommend one strategy of managing prosthetic joint infections over the other. Definitely, there is a need for prospective randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares Mircea Birlutiu
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine Sibiu, Str. Lucian Blaga, Nr. 2A, 550169, Sibiu, Romania.
| | - Manuela Mihalache
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine Sibiu, Str. Lucian Blaga, Nr. 2A, 550169, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Patricia Mihalache
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bd-ul. Victoriei, Nr.10, 550024, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Razvan Silviu Cismasiu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,FOISOR Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Osteoarticular TB Bucharest, Str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, Sector 2, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Birlutiu
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine Sibiu, Str. Lucian Blaga, Nr. 2A, 550169, Sibiu, Romania.,Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu - Infectious Diseases Clinic, B-dul Corneliu Coposu, Nr.2-4, 550245, Sibiu, Romania
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González-Villalobos E, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Montealegre GER, Belmont-Monroy L, Ortega-García Y, Aparicio-Ozores G, Balcázar JL, Eslava-Campos CA, Hernández-Chiñas U, Molina-López J. |Isolation and characterization of novel bacteriophages as a potential therapeutic option for Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5617-5629. [PMID: 34254156 PMCID: PMC8285336 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), whose impact can be exacerbated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Effective control strategies are, therefore, urgently needed. Among them, phage therapy represents a suitable alternative. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of novel phages from wastewater samples, as well as their lytic activity against biofilm and adherence of UPEC to HEp-2 cells. The results demonstrated that phage vB_EcoM-phiEc1 (ϕEc1) belongs to Myoviridae family, whereas vB_EcoS-phiEc3 (ϕEc3) and vB_EcoS-phiEc4 (ϕEc4) belong to Siphoviridae family. Phages showed lytic activity against UPEC and gut commensal strains. Phage ϕEc1 lysed UPEC serogroups, whereas phages ϕEc3 and ϕEc4 lysed only UTI strains with higher prevalence toward the O25 serogroup. Moreover, phages ϕEc1 and ϕEc3 decreased both biofilm formation and adherence, whereas ϕEc4 was able to decrease adherence but not biofilm formation. In conclusion, these novel phages showed the ability to decrease biofilm and bacterial adherence, making them promising candidates for effective adjuvant treatment against UTIs caused by MDR UPEC strains. KEY POINTS: Phage with lytic activity against MDR UPEC strains were isolated and characterized under in vitro conditions. A novel method was proposed to evaluate phage activity against bacterial adherence in HEp-2 cell.. Phages represent a suitable strategy to control infections caused by MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar González-Villalobos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Erbey Rodea Montealegre
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Belmont-Monroy
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yerisaidy Ortega-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Eslava-Campos
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ulises Hernández-Chiñas
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública/División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162 Col. Doctores. Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jantorn P, Heemmamad H, Soimala T, Indoung S, Saising J, Chokpaisarn J, Wanna W, Tipmanee V, Saeloh D. Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs in Thailand. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060592. [PMID: 34203050 PMCID: PMC8234208 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in animals and humans. The study of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and its ability to produce biofilms is important to select the most suitable treatment. The prevalence and characteristics of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand were assessed. Results showed that 28.30% (15/53) of the isolates were MRSP. Amplification of the mecA gene was observed in 93.33% (14/15) MRSP. Methicillin-resistant strains revealed co-resistant patterns against other antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim. In this study, all bacterial isolates produced biofilms, while 90.55% of S. pseudintermedius isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers. Most (45–60%) of the resistant strains were strong biofilm producers, while the correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance was not statistically significant. This is the first study in southern Thailand to investigate the drug-resistant profile of S. pseudintermedius and its ability to form biofilm. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. pseudintermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavarish Jantorn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Hawaree Heemmamad
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Saowakon Indoung
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Julalak Chokpaisarn
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Warapond Wanna
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Dennapa Saeloh
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Senobar Tahaei SA, Stájer A, Barrak I, Ostorházi E, Szabó D, Gajdács M. Correlation Between Biofilm-Formation and the Antibiotic Resistant Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: A Laboratory-Based Study in Hungary and a Review of the Literature. Infect Drug Resist 2021. [PMID: 33790586 DOI: 10.2147/idrs303992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important causative pathogen in human infections. The production of biofilms by bacteria is an important factor, leading to treatment failures. There has been significant interest in assessing the possible relationship between the multidrug-resistant (MDR) status and the biofilm-producer phenotype in bacteria. The aim of our present study was to assess the biofilm-production rates in clinical methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] isolates from Hungarian hospitals and the correlation between resistance characteristics and their biofilm-forming capacity. METHODS A total of three hundred (n=300) S. aureus isolates (corresponding to MSSA and MRSA isolates in equal measure) were included in this study. Identification of the isolates was carried out using the VITEK 2 ID/AST system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests, confirmation of MRSA status was carried out using PBP2a agglutination assay. Biofilm-production was assessed using the crystal violet (CV) tube-adherence method and the Congo red agar (CRA) plate method. RESULTS There were significant differences among MSSA and MRSA isolates regarding susceptibility-levels to commonly used antibiotics (in case of erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin: p<0.001, gentamicin: p=0.023, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: p=0.027, rifampin: p=0.037). In the CV tube adherence-assay, 37% (n=56) of MSSA and 39% (n=58) of MRSA isolates were positive for biofilm-production, while during the use of CRA plates, 41% (n=61) of MSSA and 44% (n=66) of MRSA were positive; no associations were found between methicillin-resistance and biofilm-production. On the other hand, erythromycin, clindamycin and rifampin resistance was associated with biofilm-positivity (p=0.004, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Biofilm-positive isolates were most common from catheter-associated infections. DISCUSSION Our study emphasizes the need for additional experiments to assess the role biofilms have in the pathogenesis of implant-associated and chronic S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Askhan Senobar Tahaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Barrak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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Senobar Tahaei SA, Stájer A, Barrak I, Ostorházi E, Szabó D, Gajdács M. Correlation Between Biofilm-Formation and the Antibiotic Resistant Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: A Laboratory-Based Study in Hungary and a Review of the Literature. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1155-1168. [PMID: 33790586 PMCID: PMC8001189 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s303992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important causative pathogen in human infections. The production of biofilms by bacteria is an important factor, leading to treatment failures. There has been significant interest in assessing the possible relationship between the multidrug-resistant (MDR) status and the biofilm-producer phenotype in bacteria. The aim of our present study was to assess the biofilm-production rates in clinical methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] isolates from Hungarian hospitals and the correlation between resistance characteristics and their biofilm-forming capacity. Methods A total of three hundred (n=300) S. aureus isolates (corresponding to MSSA and MRSA isolates in equal measure) were included in this study. Identification of the isolates was carried out using the VITEK 2 ID/AST system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests, confirmation of MRSA status was carried out using PBP2a agglutination assay. Biofilm-production was assessed using the crystal violet (CV) tube-adherence method and the Congo red agar (CRA) plate method. Results There were significant differences among MSSA and MRSA isolates regarding susceptibility-levels to commonly used antibiotics (in case of erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin: p<0.001, gentamicin: p=0.023, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: p=0.027, rifampin: p=0.037). In the CV tube adherence-assay, 37% (n=56) of MSSA and 39% (n=58) of MRSA isolates were positive for biofilm-production, while during the use of CRA plates, 41% (n=61) of MSSA and 44% (n=66) of MRSA were positive; no associations were found between methicillin-resistance and biofilm-production. On the other hand, erythromycin, clindamycin and rifampin resistance was associated with biofilm-positivity (p=0.004, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Biofilm-positive isolates were most common from catheter-associated infections. Discussion Our study emphasizes the need for additional experiments to assess the role biofilms have in the pathogenesis of implant-associated and chronic S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Askhan Senobar Tahaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Barrak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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Tesfa T, Baye Y, Sisay M, Amare F, Gashaw T. Bacterial uropathogens and susceptibility testing among patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211001162. [PMID: 33796299 PMCID: PMC7970184 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection is a common infection posing a significant healthcare
burden globally. Currently, it is becoming hard to manage due to the drug
resistance of uropathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of culture
positivity and the susceptibility pattern of isolates among clinically
diagnosed patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients
clinically diagnosed with urinary tract infections and received a drug
prescription at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from August 2018
to June 2019. A clean-catch mid-stream urine specimen was collected and
bacterial identification and susceptibility test were performed using
standard microbiological methods. Data were entered into EpiInfo 7 and
exported to STATA 15 for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive
analysis and bi-variate and multivariate regression analyses and presented
with graphs, frequency, and tables. Results: A total of 687 urine samples were collected from patients with clinically
diagnosed urinary tract infections. The mean age was 31 years and 56.62%
were female. 28.38% of the participants had a culture-positive result, of
which 86.15% had monomicrobial infections. Inpatients (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI =
(1.8–7.9)) and hypertensive patients (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = (1.1–4.4)) had
higher odds of culture-positive results. Staphylococcus
species (35.3%), E. coli (25.34%),
Pseudomonas species (6.8%), and other Enterobacterales
are isolated. Most isolates showed resistance to more than one drug, and
amikacin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin showed relatively higher activity
against isolates. Conclusion: About one-third of the clinically diagnosed patients with urinary tract
infection were culture-positive with many types of bacterial uropathogens.
Inpatients and hypertensive patients had a higher risk of developing
bacterial infections. Bacterial isolates showed different percentages of
susceptibility to the tested antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Tesfa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Baye
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Firehiwot Amare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Gashaw
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Abd El-Ghany WA. A spotlight on Raoultella ornithinolytica: A newly emerging life-threatening zoonotic pathogen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Raoultella contains Raoultella ornithinolytica (R. ornithinolytica), which was previously named as Klebsiella ornithinolytica. R. ornithinolytica is a Gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This pathogen is normally present in aquaculture, and it has been isolated from fish, insects, and wild and domestic birds. Seafood and poultry products are incriminated as sources of R. ornithinolytica infection. Community-acquired human infection with R. ornithinolytica is common. This infection is commonly associated with sepsis, bacteremia, food poisoning, purities, and urinary and respiratory tracts' infections. Rapid acquired resistance of R. ornithinolytica strains is common, and it is related to the development of resistant genes. R. ornithinolytica is considered as a newly emerging life-threatening pathogen world-wide. Hence, it is very important to determine the role of animals and birds in the epidemiological situation of this pathogen as well as the detection of antibiotic resistance genes before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Gupta S, Abhishek, Shrivastava S, Singh RJ, Gogoi P, Kumar B. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Magainin and Mastoparan and Its Novel Hybrid Against MDR E. coli Isolates of Neonatal Calves. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Behzadi P, Baráth Z, Gajdács M. It's Not Easy Being Green: A Narrative Review on the Microbiology, Virulence and Therapeutic Prospects of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33406652 PMCID: PMC7823828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of infection among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients, but its pathogenic role should not be disregarded in immunocompetent patients. These pathogens present a concerning therapeutic challenge to clinicians, both in community and in hospital settings, due to their increasing prevalence of resistance, and this may lead to prolonged therapy, sequelae, and excess mortality in the affected patient population. The resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may be classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to occurrence of resistant strains against important antibiotics-relevant in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections-such as β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin. The occurrence of a specific resistotype of P. aeruginosa, namely the emergence of carbapenem-resistant but cephalosporin-susceptible (Car-R/Ceph-S) strains, has received substantial attention from clinical microbiologists and infection control specialists; nevertheless, the available literature on this topic is still scarce. The aim of this present review paper is to provide a concise summary on the adaptability, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa to a readership of basic scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Tang J, Chen Y, Wang X, Ding Y, Sun X, Ni Z. Contribution of the AbaI/AbaR Quorum Sensing System to Resistance and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4273-4281. [PMID: 33262621 PMCID: PMC7699449 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s276970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most important pathogens that cause serious nosocomial infections worldwide. However, there are few reports on the virulence of A. baumannii clinical isolates, and little is known about the mechanism regulating virulence and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance and virulence profiles and explore features related to quorum sensing (QS). METHODS A total of 80 clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from Jilin province of China from 2012 to 2017. We investigated these clinical isolates with respect to biofilm formation, surface motility, adherence, invasion into A549 human alveolar epithelial cells, and virulence to Galleria mellonella. We also explored the prevalence of the AbaI/AbaR QS system and its correlation with bacterial virulence and drug resistance. RESULTS The resistance rates of the isolates to 17 commonly used antibiotics were higher than 50%, and 75% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Approximately 95% (76/80) of the isolates showed the ability to form biofilms, of which 38 showed strong biofilm formation ability (+++). Only 5 strains showed strong surface-related motility. A high level of variability was found in adherence and invasion into A549 epithelial cells, and 16 isolates showed strong virulence to Galleria mellonella (none survived after 6 days of infection). Of the 61 isolates carrying abaI and abaR genes, 24 were found to produce N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) detectable by biosensor bacteria. Correlation analysis revealed that abaI and abaR genes positively correlated with bacterial resistance rates. All strains showing obvious surface-related motility carried abaI and abaR genes and produced AHLs. The isolates with detectable QS systems also showed stronger invasiveness into A549 cells and pathogenicity toward G. mellonella than the QS-deficient isolates. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the AbaI/AbaR QS system was widely distributed among the A. baumannii clinical isolates, was necessary for surface-related motility, and significantly correlated with drug resistance, invasion into epithelial cells, and virulence to G. mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Syahrul F, Wahyuni CU, Notobroto HB, Wasito EB, Adi AC, Dwirahmadi F. Transmission Media of Foodborne Diseases as an Index Prediction of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: Study at Elementary School, Surabaya, Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8227. [PMID: 33171702 PMCID: PMC7664320 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases (FBDs) have a large disease burden among children. The major type of FBD in children is diarrhea, caused mainly by contaminated food. One of the diarrhea pathogens is Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). The aim of this study was to establish a model of microbial prediction (DEC) in stool, caused by the transmission of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren. An observational analytic study was conducted, with a nested case-control study design. In Stage I, the study population was children in a selected elementary school at Surabaya. The sample size for Stage I was 218 children. In Stage II, the case sample was all children with a positive test for DEC (15 children), and the control sample was all children who had tested negative for DEC (60 children). The result of the laboratory tests showed that the proportion of DEC in children was 6.88% (15 of 218 children) and the proportion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in children was only 0.46%. The most significant mode of transmission included in the model was the snacking frequency at school and the risk classification of food that was often purchased at school. The formulation of the predicting model of DEC in stool can be used as an early warning against the incidence of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariani Syahrul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Chatarina U. Wahyuni
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Hari B. Notobroto
- Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Eddy B. Wasito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Annis C. Adi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Febi Dwirahmadi
- Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland 4215, Australia;
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Vazquez NM, Mariani F, Torres PS, Moreno S, Galván EM. Cell death and biomass reduction in biofilms of multidrug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates by 1,8-cineole. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241978. [PMID: 33152054 PMCID: PMC7644070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most frequent agent of urinary tract infections in humans. The emergence of uropathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) has created additional problems in providing adequate treatment of urinary tract infections. We have previously reported the antimicrobial activity of 1,8-cineole, one of the main components of Rosmarinus officinalis volatile oil, against Gram negative bacteria during planktonic growth. Here, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of 1,8-cineole against pre-formed mature biofilms of MDR ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli clinical strains by carrying out different technical approaches such as counting of viable cells, determination of biofilm biomass by crystal violet staining, and live/dead stain for confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analyses. The plant compound showed a concentration- and time-dependent antibiofilm activity over pre-formed biofilms. After a 1 h treatment with 1% (v/v) 1,8-cineole, a significant decrease in viable biofilm cell numbers (3-log reduction) was observed. Biofilms of antibiotic-sensitive and MDR ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were sensitive to 1,8-cineole exposure. The phytochemical treatment diminished the biofilm biomass by 48-65% for all four E. coli strain tested. Noteworthy, a significant cell death in the remaining biofilm was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after live/dead staining. In addition, the majority of the biofilm-detached cells after 1,8-cineole treatment were dead, as shown by flow cytometric assessment of live/dead-stained bacteria. Moreover, phytochemical-treated biofilms did not fully recover growth after 24 h in fresh medium. Altogether, our results support the efficacy of 1,8-cineole as a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of E. coli biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M. Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de Bioactivos Vegetales, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Mariani
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo S. Torres
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr César Milstein–Fundación Pablo Casará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Laboratorio de Farmacología de Bioactivos Vegetales, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela M. Galván
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gajdács M. The Importance of Reporting Clinical and Epidemiological Data in Urology: Local Experiences and Insights from the International Literature. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E581. [PMID: 33143077 PMCID: PMC7693886 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies of the genito-urinary tract are responsible for a considerable disease burden worldwide, leading to significant losses of income, lost working days, increased expenditures for national healthcare systems, and decreased quality of life (QoL) in the affected patients. Among these diseases, infections and malignancies in this anatomical region are some of the most important illnesses in human medicine; nevertheless, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), erectile dysfunction, hypospadias, urinary incontinence, and vesicoureteral reflux are also relevant disorders affecting millions. The publication of various microbiological and clinical studies in urology from different geographical regions has important ramifications from the standpoint of epidemiology: on one hand, reported data may influence the development of therapeutic guidelines for urinary tract infections (UTIs) (empiric antibiotic-therapy) and malignancies (including classical cytotoxic drug protocols and next-generation anticancer therapies) both locally and internationally; on the other hand, the relevant stakeholders and government representatives often base their decisions on published evidence. Therefore, novel studies in the field of urology are strongly encouraged to maintain and improve the high standard of patient care internationally and to ensure continuous information supply for international datasets on the causative agents of UTIs and cancer registries. The present Editorial aims to highlight some relevant studies published from the field of urology in Medicina over the last several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; or ; Tel.: +36-62-341-330
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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Liao W, Lin J, Jia H, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Ye J, Cao J, Zhou T. Resistance and Heteroresistance to Colistin in Escherichia coli Isolates from Wenzhou, China. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3551-3561. [PMID: 33116674 PMCID: PMC7553605 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s273784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colistin is being administered as last-line therapy for patients that have failed to respond to other available antibiotics that are active against Escherichia coli. The underlying mechanisms of colistin resistance and heteroresistance remain largely uncharacterized. The present study investigated the mechanisms of resistance and heteroresistance to colistin in Escherichia coli isolates from Wenzhou, China. Materials and Methods Colistin resistance was detected by the broth microdilution method (BMD). Colistin heteroresistance was determined by population analysis profiles (PAPs). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to detect mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ and mgrB, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of mcr-1, pmrC, pmrA and pmrB. Lipid A characterization was conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results 0.69% (2/291) of Escherichia coli strains were resistant to colistin, whereas the heteroresistance rate reached 1.37% (4/291). mcr-1, the mobile colistin-resistance gene, was present in the two resistant isolates. The substitutions in PmrB were detected in the two heteroresistant isolates. The transcripts levels of the pmrCAB operon were upregulated in two of the heteroresistant isolates. carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was able to reverse colistin resistance of all isolates tested and exhibited a significantly higher effect on colistin-heteroresistant isolates. MALDI-TOF MS indicated that the additional phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) moieties in lipid A profiles were present both in colistin-resistant and heteroresistant isolates. Conclusion The present study was the first to investigate the differential mechanisms between colistin resistance and heteroresistance. The development of colistin heteroresistance should be addressed in future clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishuai Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Cao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Sarshar M, Behzadi P, Ambrosi C, Zagaglia C, Palamara AT, Scribano D. FimH and Anti-Adhesive Therapeutics: A Disarming Strategy Against Uropathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E397. [PMID: 32664222 PMCID: PMC7400442 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-usher fimbrial adhesins are powerful weapons against the uropathogens that allow the establishment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As the antibiotic therapeutic strategy has become less effective in the treatment of uropathogen-related UTIs, the anti-adhesive molecules active against fimbrial adhesins, key determinants of urovirulence, are attractive alternatives. The best-characterized bacterial adhesin is FimH, produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Hence, a number of high-affinity mono- and polyvalent mannose-based FimH antagonists, characterized by different bioavailabilities, have been reported. Given that antagonist affinities are firmly associated with the functional heterogeneities of different FimH variants, several FimH inhibitors have been developed using ligand-drug discovery strategies to generate high-affinity molecules for successful anti-adhesion therapy. As clinical trials have shown d-mannose's efficacy in UTIs prevention, it is supposed that mannosides could be a first-in-class strategy not only for UTIs, but also to combat other Gram-negative bacterial infections. Therefore, the current review discusses valuable and effective FimH anti-adhesive molecules active against UTIs, from design and synthesis to in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
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