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Meldrum OW, Yakubov GE. Journey of dietary fiber along the gastrointestinal tract: role of physical interactions, mucus, and biochemical transformations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39141568 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2390556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber-rich foods have been associated with numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Harnessing the potential to deliver positive health outcomes rests on our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations. This review addresses data and concepts concerning plant-based food functionality by dissecting the cascade of physical and chemical digestive processes and interactions that underpin these physiological benefits. Functional transformations of dietary fiber along the gastrointestinal tract from the stages of oral processing and gastric emptying to intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation influence its capacity to modulate digestion, transit, and commensal microbiome. This analysis highlights the significance, limitations, and challenges in decoding the complex web of interactions to establish a coherent framework connecting specific fiber components' molecular and macroscale interactions across multiple length scales within the gastrointestinal tract. One critical area that requires closer examination is the interaction between fiber, mucus barrier, and the commensal microbiome when considering food structure design and personalized nutritional strategies for beneficial physiologic effects. Understanding the response of specific fibers, particularly concerning an individual's physiology, will offer the opportunity to exploit these functional characteristics to elicit specific, symptom-targeting effects or use fiber types as adjunctive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Meldrum
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gleb E Yakubov
- Soft Matter Biomaterials and Biointerfaces, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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2
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Evenepoel M, Daniels N, Moerkerke M, Van de Vliet M, Prinsen J, Tuerlinckx E, Steyaert J, Boets B, Alaerts K, Joossens M. Oral microbiota in autistic children: Diagnosis-related differences and associations with clinical characteristics. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100801. [PMID: 38882715 PMCID: PMC11180306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Similar to the gut microbiome, oral microbiome compositions have been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of autism. However, empirical research on how variations in the oral microbiome relate to clinical-behavioral difficulties associated with autism remains sparse. Furthermore, it is largely unknown how potentially confounding lifestyle variables, such as oral health and nutrition, may impact these associations. To fill this gap, the current study examined diagnosis-related differences in oral microbiome composition between 80 school-aged autistic children (8-12 years; 64 boys, 16 girls) versus 40 age-matched typically developing peers (32 boys, 8 girls). In addition, associations with individual differences in social functioning (SRS-2), repetitive behavior (RBS-R) and anxiety (SCARED) were explored, as well as the impact of several lifestyle variables regarding nutrition and oral health. Results provide important indications that the bacterial genera Solobacterium, Stomatobaculum, Ruminococcaceae UCG.014, Tannerella and Campylobacter were significantly more abundant in autistic compared to non-autistic children. Furthermore, the former four bacteria that were significantly more abundant in the autistic children showed significant associations with parent-reported social difficulties, repetitive and restrictive behavior and with parent-reported anxiety-like behavior. Importantly, associations among oral microbiome and quantitative diagnostic characteristics were not significantly driven by differences in lifestyle variables. This exploratory study reveals significant differences in oral microbiome composition between autistic and non-autistic children, even while controlling for potential confounding lifestyle variables. Furthermore, the significant associations with clinical characteristics suggest that individual differences in microbiome composition might be involved in shaping the clinical phenotype of autism. However, these associations warrant further exploration of the oral microbiome's potential beyond the oral cavity and specifically with respect to neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Evenepoel
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicky Daniels
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Moerkerke
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van de Vliet
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jellina Prinsen
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elise Tuerlinckx
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Steyaert
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Alaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent, Belgium
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Swarnamali H, Medara N, Chopra A, Spahr A, Jayasinghe TN. Role of Dietary Fibre in Managing Periodontal Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4034. [PMID: 37764817 PMCID: PMC10536522 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease, that leads to tooth loss and is associated with other systemic diseases. The role of dietary fibre in the prevention and management of periodontal diseases is not well understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess how an intake of dietary fibre affects periodontal diseases in humans and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation. METHODOLOGY Human interventional studies investigating the effects of oral fibre intake on various clinical parameters of periodontal diseases were included. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms was performed on the following database: CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus®, and Web of Science Core Collection on 21 October 2021 and updated on 19 February 2023 to identify relevant studies. Articles were filtered using the Covidence© web-based platform software. Data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS From all databases, a total of 19,971 studies were obtained. Upon title and abstract screening, 101 studies were included for full-text screening. Upon full-text screening, six studies were included for analysis. Of these, five were randomised controlled trials, and one was a sequential feeding trial involving fibre-rich daily diet for a 4-8 weeks period. Fibre-rich dietary intervention significantly reduced Clinical Attachment Loss/Level by 0.48 mm/tooth (95% CI, -0.63 to -0.33, p < 0.001), Bleeding On Probing by 27.57% sites/tooth (95% CI -50.40 to -4.74, p = 0.02), Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by 173.88 mm2 (95% CI -288.06 to -59.69, p = 0.003), Plaque Index by 0.02 (95% CI -0.04 to -0.00, p = 0.04), and Gingival Index by 0.41 (95% -0.67 to -0.16, p= 0.002). A non-significant reduction was observed for Probing Depth (-0.17 mm/tooth; 95% CI, -0.37 to 0.02, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Fibre-rich dietary interventions are associated with a reduction of clinical and particularly inflammatory markers of periodontal diseases. This shows a promising effect of dietary fibre as an intervention for inflammatory conditions like periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinthi Swarnamali
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nidhi Medara
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (N.M.); (A.S.); (T.N.J.)
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Axel Spahr
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (N.M.); (A.S.); (T.N.J.)
| | - Thilini N. Jayasinghe
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (N.M.); (A.S.); (T.N.J.)
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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4
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Weker H, Friedrich M, Zabłocka-Słowińska K, Sadowska J, Długosz A, Hamułka J, Charzewska J, Socha P, Wądołowska L. Position Statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences' Committee of Human Nutrition Science on the Principles for the Nutrition of Preschool Children (4-6 Years of Age) and Early School-Age Children (7-9 Years of Age). JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2023; 27:222-245. [PMID: 38369720 PMCID: PMC10875211 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-23-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Halina Weker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Friedrich
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranianu University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Sadowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranianu University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Hamułka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Charzewska
- National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Eating Disorders and Paediatrics, Institute ‘Monument - Children’s Health Center’, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Wądołowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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Grant MB, Bernstein PS, Boesze-Battaglia K, Chew E, Curcio CA, Kenney MC, Klaver C, Philp NJ, Rowan S, Sparrow J, Spaide RF, Taylor A. Inside out: Relations between the microbiome, nutrition, and eye health. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109216. [PMID: 36041509 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with increasing numbers of individuals being afflicted and treatment modalities limited. There are strong interactions between diet, age, the metabolome, and gut microbiota, and all of these have roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. Communication axes exist between the gut microbiota and the eye, therefore, knowing how the microbiota influences the host metabolism during aging could guide a better understanding of AMD pathogenesis. While considerable experimental evidence exists for a diet-gut-eye axis from murine models of human ocular diseases, human diet-microbiome-metabolome studies are needed to elucidate changes in the gut microbiome at the taxonomic and functional levels that are functionally related to ocular pathology. Such studies will reveal new ways to diminish risk for progression of- or incidence of- AMD. Current data suggest that consuming diets rich in dark fish, fruits, vegetables, and low in glycemic index are most retina-healthful during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Emily Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nancy J Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Richard F Spaide
- Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Tian M, Pak S, Ma C, Ma L, Rengasamy KRR, Xiao J, Hu X, Li D, Chen F. Chemical features and biological functions of water-insoluble dietary fiber in plant-based foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:928-942. [PMID: 36004568 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods has advanced dramatically in recent years. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the subtypes, structure, analysis, and extraction methods of IDF. The impact of different food processing methods on the properties of IDF is discussed. The role of gut microbiota in the health benefits of IDF is introduced. This review provides a better understanding of the chemical features and biological functions of IDF, which may promote the future application of IDF in functional food products. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of IDF enables the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - SolJu Pak
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Millen AE, Dahhan R, Freudenheim JL, Hovey KM, Li L, McSkimming DI, Andrews CA, Buck MJ, LaMonte MJ, Kirkwood KL, Sun Y, Murugaiyan V, Tsompana M, Wactawski-Wende J. Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with the subgingival plaque oral microbiome abundance and diversity in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2643. [PMID: 35173205 PMCID: PMC8850494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited research exists on carbohydrate intake and oral microbiome diversity and composition assessed with next-generation sequencing. We aimed to better understand the association between habitual carbohydrate intake and the oral microbiome, as the oral microbiome has been associated with caries, periodontal disease, and systemic diseases. We investigated if total carbohydrates, starch, monosaccharides, disaccharides, fiber, or glycemic load (GL) were associated with the diversity and composition of oral bacteria in subgingival plaque samples of 1204 post-menopausal women. Carbohydrate intake and GL were assessed from a food frequency questionnaire, and adjusted for energy intake. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from subgingival plaque samples were sequenced to identify the relative abundance of microbiome compositional data expressed as operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The abundance of OTUs were centered log(2)-ratio transformed to account for the compositional data structure. Associations between carbohydrate/GL intake and microbiome alpha-diversity measures were examined using linear regression. PERMANOVA analyses were conducted to examine microbiome beta-diversity measures across quartiles of carbohydrate/GL intake. Associations between intake of carbohydrates and GL and the abundance of the 245 identified OTUs were examined by using linear regression. Total carbohydrates, GL, starch, lactose, and sucrose intake were inversely associated with alpha-diversity measures. Beta-diversity across quartiles of total carbohydrates, fiber, GL, sucrose, and galactose, were all statistically significant (p for PERMANOVA p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between total carbohydrates, GL, sucrose and Streptococcus mutans; GL and both Sphingomonas HOT 006 and Scardovia wiggsiae; and sucrose and Streptococcus lactarius. A negative association was observed between lactose and Aggregatibacter segnis, and between sucrose and both TM7_[G-1] HOT 346 and Leptotrichia HOT 223. Intake of total carbohydrate, GL, and sucrose were inversely associated with subgingival bacteria alpha-diversity, the microbial beta-diversity varied by their intake, and they were associated with the relative abundance of specific OTUs. Higher intake of sucrose, or high GL foods, may influence poor oral health outcomes (and perhaps systemic health outcomes) in older women via their influence on the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA.
| | - Runda Dahhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel I McSkimming
- Division of Infectious Disease & International Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chris A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vijaya Murugaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Tsompana
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
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8
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Decker AM, Kapila YL, Wang HL. The psychobiological links between chronic stress-related diseases, periodontal/peri-implant diseases, and wound healing. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:94-106. [PMID: 34463997 PMCID: PMC8459609 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a relevant disease to periodontal practice, encompassing 25%-28% of the US population (American Psychological Association 2015). While it is well established that chronic psychologic stress can have significant deleterious systemic effects, only in recent decades have we begun to explore the biochemical, microbial, and physiologic impacts of chronic stress diseases on oral tissues. Currently, chronic stress is classified as a "risk indicator" for periodontal disease. However, as the evidence in this field matures with additional clinically controlled trials, more homogeneous data collection methods, and a better grasp of the biologic underpinnings of stress-mediated dysbiosis, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress and related diseases (depression, anxiety) may be significant contributing factors in periodontal/peri-implant disease progression and inconsistent wound healing following periodontal-related therapeutics. Ideal solutions for these patients include classification of the disease process and de-escalation of chronic stress conditions through coping strategies. This paper also summarizes periodontal/implant-related therapeutic approaches to ensure predictable results for this specific patient subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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9
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Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, Lynch SV, Kapila YL. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:107-131. [PMID: 34463991 PMCID: PMC8457218 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
States of oral health and disease reflect the compositional and functional capacities of, as well as the interspecies interactions within, the oral microbiota. The oral cavity exists as a highly dynamic microbial environment that harbors many distinct substrata and microenvironments that house diverse microbial communities. Specific to the oral cavity, the nonshedding dental surfaces facilitate the development of highly complex polymicrobial biofilm communities, characterized not only by the distinct microbes comprising them, but cumulatively by their activities. Adding to this complexity, the oral cavity faces near-constant environmental challenges, including those from host diet, salivary flow, masticatory forces, and introduction of exogenous microbes. The composition of the oral microbiome is shaped throughout life by factors including host genetics, maternal transmission, as well as environmental factors, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practice, medications, and systemic factors. This dynamic ecosystem presents opportunities for oral microbial dysbiosis and the development of dental and periodontal diseases. The application of both in vitro and culture-independent approaches has broadened the mechanistic understandings of complex polymicrobial communities within the oral cavity, as well as the environmental, local, and systemic underpinnings that influence the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Here, we review the present knowledge and current understanding of microbial communities within the oral cavity and the influences and challenges upon this system that encourage homeostasis or provoke microbiome perturbation, and thus contribute to states of oral health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Sedghi
- Department of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vincent DiMassa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony Harrington
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Measuring Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Murine Oral Microbiome with Enrichment of 16S rDNA Prior to Amplicon Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34410651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1518-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity houses a diverse consortium of microorganisms corresponding to specific microbial niches within the oral cavity. The complicated nature of sample collection limits the accuracy, reproducibility, and completeness of sample collection of the dentogingival microbiome. Moreover, large variability among human oral samples introduces inexorable confounds. Here, we introduce a method to study the dentogingival microbiome using a murine model that allows for greater control over experimental variability and permits collection of the dentogingival microbiome in an intact state and in its entirety.As an example of this approach, this chapter provides a workflow to explore the effect of dietary fiber consumption on the murine dentogingival microbiome . Mice are fed diets corresponding to Fiber, Sugar, Fiber + Sugar, and Control groups for 7 weeks. A whole-mandible extraction technique is described to isolate the mandibular dentogingival surfaces. 16S rRNA gene analysis is coupled with removal of unwanted host DNA amplification products to allow an investigation of the dental microbiome in the presence of increased fiber in terms of microbial taxonomic abundance and diversity.
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11
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Zanatta CAR, Fritz PC, Comelli EM, Ward WE. Intervention with inulin prior to and during sanative therapy to further support periodontal health: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:527. [PMID: 34376241 PMCID: PMC8353927 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is a chronic state of inflammation that can destroy the supporting tissues around the teeth, leading to the resorption of alveolar bone. The initial strategy for treating periodontal disease is non-surgical sanative therapy (ST). Periodontal disease can also induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Prebiotic fibers such as inulin can selectively alter the intestinal microbiota and support homeostasis by improving gut barrier functions and preventing inflammation. Providing an inulin supplement prior to and post-ST may influence periodontal health while providing insight into the complex relationship between periodontal disease and the gut microbiota. The primary objective is to determine if inulin is more effective than the placebo at improving clinical periodontal outcomes including probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Secondary objectives include determining the effects of inulin supplementation pre- and post-ST on salivary markers of inflammation and periodontal-associated pathogens, as these outcomes reflect more rapid changes that can occur. Methods We will employ a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design and recruit and randomize 170 participants who are receiving ST to manage the periodontal disease to the intervention (inulin) or placebo (maltodextrin) group. A pilot study will be embedded within the randomized controlled trial using the first 48 participants to test the feasibility for the larger, powered trial. The intervention period will begin 4 weeks before ST through to their follow-up appointment at 10 weeks post-ST. Clinical outcomes of periodontal disease including the number of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and the presence of BOP will be measured at baseline and post-ST. Salivary markers of inflammation, periodontal-associated pathogens, body mass index, and diet will be measured at baseline, pre-ST (after 4 weeks of intervention), and post-ST (after 14 weeks of intervention). Discussion We expect that inulin will enhance the positive effect of ST on the management of periodontal disease. The results of the study will provide guidance regarding the use of prebiotics prior to and as a supportive adjunct to ST for periodontal health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04670133. Registered on 17 December 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A R Zanatta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Peter C Fritz
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Periodontal Wellness & Implant Surgery, Fonthill, ON, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada. .,Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Castillo EJ, Messer JG, Abraham AM, Jiron JM, Alekseyenko AV, Israel R, Thomas S, Gonzalez-Perez GM, Croft S, Gohel A, Bhattacharyya I, Yarrow JF, Novince CM, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Preventing or controlling periodontitis reduces the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Bone 2021; 145:115866. [PMID: 33515777 PMCID: PMC8265021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse event that requires association of both systemic risk factors, such as powerful anti-resorptives (pARs; e.g. zoledronic acid [ZOL]), and local oral risk factors (e.g. tooth extraction, periodontitis). Whereas optimal oral health prior to initiate pARs is recognized as critically important for minimizing ONJ risk, the efficacy of preventive/maintenance measures in patients who are taking pARs is understudied. Rice rats fed a standard diet (STD), rich in insoluble fiber, develop localized periodontitis. STD-rats with localized periodontitis treated with ZOL for 18-24 wk develop ONJ. Hence, we hypothesized that controlling/preventing localized periodontitis in the ZOL-treated rats, reduces ONJ occurrence. METHODS We used two approaches to attempt reducing periodontitis prevalence: 1) periodontal cleaning (PC); and 2) replacing the STD-diet with a nutritionally-equivalent diet high in soluble fiber (SF). 75 four-week-old male rats were weight-randomized into five groups (n = 15) in a 24-week experiment. Three groups ate the STD-diet and two the high SF-diet. STD-diet groups received intravenous (IV) vehicle (VEH) q4wks (STD + VEH), 80 μg/kg ZOL q4wks IV (STD + ZOL), or ZOL plus PC q2wks (STD + ZOL + PC). The SF-diet groups received VEH (SF + VEH) or ZOL (SF + ZOL). Jaws were processed for histopathology and evaluated for ONJ prevalence and tissue-level periodontitis. RESULTS 1) 40% of STD + VEH rats developed maxillary localized periodontitis with no ONJ; 2) 50% of STD + ZOL rats developed ONJ; 3) 7% of STD + ZOL + PC rats developed ONJ (p < 0.01 vs. STD + ZOL); and 4) one SF + ZOL rat developed localized periodontitis, and no SF + VEH or SF + ZOL rats developed ONJ (p < 0.001 vs. STD + ZOL). CONCLUSIONS 1) Periodontal cleaning in ZOL-treated rats decreases localized periodontitis severity and reduces ONJ prevalence; and 2) feeding a SF-diet to ZOL-treated rats reduces both incidence of localized periodontitis and ONJ. Our data indicates strong oral microbial community shifts according to oral health condition and trends in the shifts associated with diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - J G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - A M Abraham
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - A V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - R Israel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - S Thomas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - G M Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - S Croft
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - A Gohel
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, UF, United States of America.
| | - I Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, UF, United States of America.
| | - J F Yarrow
- VA Medical Center, Research Service, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UF College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - C M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Gasmi Benahmed A, Gasmi A, Dadar M, Arshad M, Bjørklund G. The role of sugar-rich diet and salivary proteins in dental plaque formation and oral health. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:134-141. [PMID: 33497842 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental plaque is a complex colorless film of bacteria that develops on the surfaces of teeth. Different mechanisms of microbial adhesion to tooth surfaces exist. Both non-specific and specific types of adherence have been anticipated. HIGHLIGHT The present review evaluated the effect of sugar-rich diet and salivary proteins on oral hygiene and dental plaque development. CONCLUSION The oral microbiota is essential for maintaining and reestablishing a healthy oral cavity. Different types of sugars have different effects on the inhibition and formation of dental plaque. The peptides, proteins, and amino acids secreted by parotid glands in the oral cavity facilitate neutralizing the acidity in dental plaque and preventing dental caries. A properly balanced diet is crucial for both a healthy oral cavity and the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Maria Arshad
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo I Rana, Norway.
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