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Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu H, Guo C. Gender Differences in Negative Life Events, Present-Moment Awareness, Problem-Solving, and Perceived Stress Among Rural Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01718-x. [PMID: 38904855 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Drawing on the stressor-perception-coping-response model of stress, this study examined the associations between negative life events, present-moment awareness, problem-solving, and perceived stress among rural adolescents, focusing specifically on gender differences. Using a cross-sectional design, 3519 Chinese rural adolescents completed measures assessing negative life events, present-moment awareness, problem-solving, and perceived stress. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized serial mediation model. The results revealed a positive association between negative life events and perceived stress in rural adolescents, which was serially mediated by present-moment awareness and problem-solving. Furthermore, significant gender differences were observed. Specifically, girls exhibited larger effects than boys in the overall effect of negative life events on perceived stress, the indirect effect of present-moment awareness, and the serial mediating effect. These findings suggest that present-moment awareness and problem-solving may serve as crucial mechanisms for understanding rural adolescents' perceived stress in response to negative life events, particularly among female rural adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Yibin Research Institute of Southwest University, Yibin, 644005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Chen R, Hu Y, Shi HF, Fang Y, Fan CY. Perceived chronic social adversity and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents: the mediating role of rumination and moderating role of mindfulness. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1376347. [PMID: 38903464 PMCID: PMC11187755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1376347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The prevalence of cyberbullying has brought about many adverse effects on adolescents' mental health. Although current studies have shown that perceived chronic social adversity (PCSA) is closely related to cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents, the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the two remains relatively unclear. This study investigated the association of PCSA, rumination, mindfulness, and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents, building upon the general strain theory, the general aggressive model, and the limited resource of self-control theory. Methods A sample of 477 Chinese high school students (M age = 15.84 years, SD age = 0.67, 49.69% female) completed the Perceived Chronic Social Adversity Questionnaire, the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, and the cyberbullying subscale of the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory. The current study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the relationship between PCSA and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents and assessed the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of mindfulness. Results The results revealed a significant positive correlation between PCSA and cyberbullying perpetration. Rumination mediated the relationship between PCSA and cyberbullying perpetration, whereas mindfulness moderated the latter half of the mediation pathway. Specifically, compared to adolescents with higher mindfulness, the association between rumination and cyberbullying perpetration is greater for adolescents with lower mindfulness. Conclusion The results further deepen our understanding of the mechanisms linking subjective perception of negative life events and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents from the interaction of multiple factors, thus providing a basis for future interventions to encourage adolescents to properly cope with social adversity and promote positive mental health to reduce the risk of cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- School of Medical Humanities, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- School of Preschool Education, Hubei Preschool Teachers College, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-fen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui-ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Zhou L, Xu N. Effects of COVID-19 event intensity on college students' health lifestyles: time perspective mediating model and its gender difference. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37359584 PMCID: PMC10060032 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 had not only led to healthy-damage behaviors, but also raised people's attention to health and generated health-promoting behaviors. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying how the perception of COVID-19 intensity affects health behaviors. The present study investigated the mediating effect of DBTP between event intensity and health behaviors and the moderating role of gender in this relation. Nine hundred and twenty-four Chinese college students (348 males and 576 females) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including COVID-19 Event Intensity Scale, Chinese version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and Healthy Lifestyle Scale. Moderated mediation analysis was performed using conditional process analysis. The results showed that COVID-19 intensity had a positive predictive effect on college students' health behaviors. DBTP played a partial mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 intensity and health behaviors for male and not female. In female group, COVID-19 intensity and DBTP was significantly linked with health behaviour; however, COVID-19 intensity and DBTP were not significantly linked. The findings indicated that COVID-19 intensity perceived by college students could increase their health behaviors, and intervention focus on BTP may contribute to health behaviors only in male. Practical implications were discussed in this academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guan Hai Road, Yantai, Shandong Province China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guan Hai Road, Yantai, Shandong Province China
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Olivera-Figueroa LA, Unger A, Papastamatelou J, Zimbardo PG. A Time to Get Vaccinated? The Role of Time Perspective, Consideration of Future Consequences, Conspiracy Beliefs, Religious Faith, Gender, and Race on Intention to Vaccinate for COVID-19 in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3625. [PMID: 36834320 PMCID: PMC9963941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the predictability of Time Perspective (TP) tendencies (i.e., Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future), the Balanced Time Perspective (BTP) profile, the Consideration of Future Consequences-Immediate (CFC-I) factor, the Consideration of Future Consequences-Future (CFC-F) factor, conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 being a hoax, religious faith, gender, and race on COVID-19 vaccination intention as a dependent variable. Participants were recruited in the United States through the online platforms Prolific and Google Forms. The final sample was n = 232 (n = 99 male, n = 129 female, and n = 2 other, Mage = 31). Outcome measures included sociodemographic questions, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-short version, the Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) ultra-short scale, the COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs questionnaire, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire-brief version. Regression analyses revealed that vaccination intention was reduced by gender identification as woman, identification as multiracial or from mixed origin, Past Positive, Deviation from a BTP profile, belief in COVID-19 as hoax, and religious faith. Conversely, intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 was increased by Past Negative, CFC-I, and CFC-F. These findings could be beneficial for knowledge transfer to behavioral interventions aimed to promote vaccination against COVID-19, health promotion campaigns, and the public health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lening A. Olivera-Figueroa
- Department of Psychology, Golden Gate University, 536 Mission St., San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Family Medicine Residency Program, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity, AltaMed Health Services Corporation, 2040 Camfield Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90040, USA
| | - Alexander Unger
- East-Asia Institute, Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Rheinpromenade 12, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Julie Papastamatelou
- Study Program of Business Psychology, University of Applied Management Studies (HdWM), 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip G. Zimbardo
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Pintimalli A, Glicksohn J, Marson F, Di Giuseppe T, Ben-Soussan TD. Change in Time Perception Following the Place of Pre-Existence Technique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3509. [PMID: 36834202 PMCID: PMC9962325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Time perception is closely related to spatial and bodily perception, yet little is known about how this interrelationship is impacted by meditation and biological sex. To examine this, we studied the effects of a stepwise application of three meditation techniques, from focused attention, to open monitoring to non-dual meditation, encompassed in the Place of Pre-Existence technique (PPEt) on the subjective perception of time, space and body using a pre-post research design. A total of 280 participants (mean age = 47.09 years; SD = 10.13; 127:153 males to females) completed the Subjective Time, Self, Space inventory before and after PPEt. Following PPEt, participants perceived time passing as slowing down, while time intensity, relaxation, 'awareness of space' and 'awareness of body' increased, suggesting heightened mindfulness to these constructs following the training. Awareness of space revealed to be modulated by biological sex and meditation expertise, with males showing a decrease of spatial awareness as a function of meditation expertise while females showed an opposite pattern. The speed and intensity of the experience of time both correlated with body and space awareness. In line with previous studies demonstrating a connection between relaxation and perception of time, a significant correlation was found between relaxation and the subjective experience of the intensity of time. The current results are discussed in the context of the embodied experience of time, and the Sphere Model of Consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pintimalli
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Joseph Glicksohn
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Fabio Marson
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Di Giuseppe
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
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Olivera-Figueroa LA, Papastamatelou J, Unger A, Jimenez-Torres GJ, Cuebas López KA, López-Córdova NM, Barkil-Oteo A. The role of time perspective and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive stress coping strategies of Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico and the state of Connecticut in mainland United States. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-20. [PMID: 35854704 PMCID: PMC9283842 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the role of Time Perspective (TP) and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, across healthy and treatment-seeking Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico (PR), as well as at the state of Connecticut in mainland United States (US). Participants were comprised of 197 adults from the island of PR, as well as 138 adults from Connecticut. TP was measured through five categories assessed by the Zimbardo TP Inventory (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future), the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTPr) coefficient, and the Deviation from the Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) coefficient. Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Distress Scale. Adaptive and maladaptive stress-coping were measured through the Brief COPE Inventory. DNTP predicted adaptive coping, whereas acculturative stress, Present Hedonistic, and DBTPr predicted maladaptive coping. Puerto Ricans living in Connecticut engaged more often in maladaptive coping than those in PR. Acculturative stress partially mediated the influence of DBTPr on maladaptive coping. DNTP mediated the influence of state on adaptive coping. DBTPr and acculturative stress totally mediated the influence of state on maladaptive coping. These findings suggest that assessing TP, levels of acculturative stress, and coping strategies could assist in tailoring evidence-based interventions to the specific needs of Puerto Rican populations. Doing so could be effective in promoting a Balanced Time Perspective, reducing acculturative stress, increasing adaptive coping, and improving mental as well as physical health, on Puerto Ricans living in PR or mainland US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lening A. Olivera-Figueroa
- Yale University School of Medicine-Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street # 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs-Connecticut Healthcare System (VACHS), West Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Alexander Unger
- East-Asia Institute, Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Rheinpromenade 12, Ludwigshafen, 67061 Germany
| | - Gladys Janice Jimenez-Torres
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Andres Barkil-Oteo
- Yale University School of Medicine-Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street # 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC USA
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The neural substrates of sex differences in balanced time perspective: A unique role for the precuneus. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2239-2247. [PMID: 35670932 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in various aspects of behaviour and cognition have been widely observed. Few studies, however, have explored potential sex differences in maintaining a balanced time perspective or their underlying neural correlates. To address these questions, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, time perspective was assessed in 1913 college students (796 males and 1117 females), revealing that females had a significantly more balanced time perspective relative to males. In Study 2, 58 males and 47 females underwent an assessment of time perspective and structural brain imaging. Voxel-based morphometry analysis and cortical thickness analysis were conducted to explore associations between the structural imaging data and balanced time perspective. Compared with males, females demonstrated a more balanced time perspective in the context of lower grey matter volume in the bilateral precuneus, right cerebellum, right putamen and left supplementary motor area. Analysis of cortical thickness failed to reveal any significant sex differences. Furthermore, lower grey matter volume of bilateral precuneus was associated with more balanced time perspective among all participants. Our findings point to a critical role for the precuneus in modulating a balanced time perspective, and extend our understanding of sex differences in human cognition. Future studies are required to determine whether sex differences in balanced time perspective are predictive of functional outcomes in daily life.
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Moskalewicz M, Kordel P, Sterna A. The rhythm of chemotherapy and cancer patients' time perspectives. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14486. [PMID: 36536628 PMCID: PMC9758969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While it is well known that illnesses such as cancer modify the experience of time, the impact of the rhythm and length of treatment on patients' time perspectives remains unknown. Methods A short version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Transcendental Future Perspective Questionnaire as well as a demographic questionnaire on a convenience sample of 259 patients (66.8% female, mean age 52.36) with various cancers and undergoing chemotherapy with different frequencies (1, 2, 3 weeks) and mean time in treatment 23.4 months. Results The temporal perspectives mean scores of cancer patients are: positive past 3.69, negative past 3.13, present hedonism 3.08, future 3.77, transcendental future 3.40. Patients tend only slightly to lose faith alongside the course of oncological treatment regardless of their age (ρ = - 0.210, p < 0.01). The frequency of chemotherapy mildly differentiates temporal perspectives of patients regarding present hedonism and transcendental future: a weekly treatment is more disturbing than the triweekly one and no treatment in terms of hedonism, while patients not in chemo score significantly higher in transcendental future than patients in biweekly and triweekly chemo. Conclusions The variations of treatment rhythm are less significant than predicted, although still relevant. Since most sociodemographic variables are of no relevance, cancer experience likely unifies temporal perspectives among people of different backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moskalewicz
- Philosophy and Mental Health Unit, Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland.,Institute of Philosophy, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland
| | - Piotr Kordel
- Philosophy and Mental Health Unit, Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland
| | - Anna Sterna
- Philosophy and Mental Health Unit, Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland
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