Review of Core/Shell Quantum Dots Technology Integrated into Building’s Glazing

Recent Advances of carbon Pathways for Sustainable Environment development

Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging type of carbon nanomaterial with strong biocompatibility, distinct chemical and physical properties, and low toxicity. CDs may emit fluorescence in the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) range, which renders them beneficial for biomedical applications. CDs are usually made from carbon precursors and can be synthesized using top-down and bottom-up methods and it can be easily functionalized using different methods. For specific cases of biomedical applications carbon dot functionalization augments the materials' characteristics. Novel functionalization techniques are still being investigated. This review will look at the benefits of functionalization to attain a high yield and various biological applications. Biomedical applications such as photodynamic and photothermal therapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antiviral and antibacterial properties will be covered in this review. The future applications of green synthesized carbon dots will be determined in part by this review.

Quantum Dot Nanomaterials: Preparation, Characterization, Advanced Bio-Imaging and Therapeutic Applications

The bio-imaging technology is one of the most significant modern applications used in several fields, including early diagnosis of many illnesses that are most important diseases facing humanity and other vital uses. The primary advancement in nanotechnology is the creation of innovative fluorescence probes called quantum dots (QDs). The use of molecular tagging in research, in vivo, and in vitro studies is revolutionized by quantum dots. The application of QD indicates conversion in natural imaging and photography has demonstrated extraordinary appropriateness in bio-imaging, the discovery of novel drugs, and delivery of targeted genes, biosensing, photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis. New potential methods of early cancer detection and treatment management are being researched as a result of the special physical and chemical characteristics of QD probes. The bio-imaging technique depends on the fluorescent emission of the used materials, which is paired with living cells that are easy to see it in 3D without any surgical intervention. Therefore, the use of QDs many types that have unique and appropriate properties for use in that application; In terms of fluorescent emission strength, duration and luminosity.This review article displays some methods of preparation for QDs nanomaterials and the devices used in this. In addition, it presentssome of challenges that must be avoided for the possibility of using them in the bio-imaging field; as toxicity, bio-compatibility, and hydrophilization. It's reviewed some of the devices that use QDs in bio-imaging technique, the QDs application in cell analysis-imaging, and QDs application in vivo imaging.

Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections: towards quantum dots based management approaches

Developing numerous nanotechnological designed tools to monitor the existence of SARS-CoV-2, and modifying its interactions address the global needs for efficient remedies required for the management of COVID-19. Herein, through a multidisciplinary outlook encompassing different fields such as the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, analysis of symptoms, and statistics of neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the central and peripheral nervous systems have been testified. The anosmia (51.1%) and ageusia (45.5%) are reported the most frequent neurological manifestation. Cerebrovascular disease and encephalopathy were mainly related to severe clinical cases. In addition, we focus especially on the various concerned physiological routes, including BBB dysfunction, which transpired due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, direct and indirect effects of the virus on the brain, and also, the plausible mechanisms of viral entry to the nerve system. We also outline the characterisation, and the ongoing pharmaceutical applications of quantum dots as smart nanocarriers crossing the blood-brain barrier and their importance in neurological diseases, mainly SARS-CoV-2 related manifestations Moreover, the market status, six clinical trials recruiting quantum dots, and the challenges limiting the clinical application of QDs are highlighted.

Semiconductor quantum dots for photodynamic therapy: Recent advances

Photodynamic therapy is a promising cancer treatment that induces apoptosis as a result of the interactions between light and a photosensitizing drug. Lately, the emergence of biocompatible nanoparticles has revolutionized the prospects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in clinical trials. Consequently, a lot of research is now being focused on developing non-toxic, biocompatible nanoparticle-based photosensitizers for effective cancer treatments using PDT. In this regard, semiconducting quantum dots have shown encouraging results. Quantum dots are artificial semiconducting nanocrystals with distinct chemical and physical properties. Their optical properties can be fine-tuned by varying their size, which usually ranges from 1 to 10 nm. They present many advantages over conventional photosensitizers, mainly their emission properties can be manipulated within the near IR region as opposed to the visible region by the former. Consequently, low intensity light can be used to penetrate deeper tissues owing to low scattering in the near IR region. Recently, successful reports on imaging and PDT of cancer using carbon (carbon, graphene based) and metallic (Cd based) based quantum dots are promising. This review aims to summarize the development and the status quo of quantum dots for cancer treatment.

Metal chalcogenide-based core/shell photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production: Recent advances, properties and technology challenges

Metal chalcogenides play a vital role in the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel technology can possibly tackle the future energy crises by replacing carbon fuels such as petroleum, diesel and kerosene, owning to zero emission carbon-free gas and eco-friendliness. Metal chalcogenides are classified into narrow band gap (CdS, Cu₂S, Bi₂S_3, MoS_2, CdSe and MoSe₂) materials and wide band gap materials (ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe). Composites of these materials are fabricated with different architectures in which core-shell is one of the unique composites that drastically improve the photo-excitons separation, where chalcogenides in the core can be well protected for sustainable uses. Thus,the core-shell structures promote the design and fabrication of composites with the required characteristics. Interestingly, the metal chalcogenides as a core-shell photocatalyst can be classified into type-I, reverse type-I, type-II and S-type nanocomposites, which can effectively influence and significantly enhance the rate of hydrogen production. In this direction, this review is undertaken to provide a comprehensive overview of the advanced preparation processes, properties of metal chalcogenides, and in particular, photocatalytic performance of the metal chalcogenides as a core-shell photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production.

A critical review on quantum dots: From synthesis toward applications in electrochemical biosensors for determination of disease-related biomolecules

Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), defined by a diameter size of <10 nm, have been the core concept of nanoscience and nanotechnology since their inception. QDs possess many unique structural, electrochemical and photochemical properties that render them a promising platform for sensing applications. These nanomaterials can greatly enhance the analytical performances of biosensors, namely detection limit, sensitivity and selectivity. QDs are being developed not only because of their ability for signal enhancement but also because of their high capacity for fuctionalization with bioreceptors. In this review, we summarize a basic knowledge of QDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into the sensing field. Due to the nature of QDs, especially their ability to combine nanotechnology and biotechnology, they possess the potential to open a novel paradigm on early diagnosis of diseases using the electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, we try to give a comprehensive view of the role of these zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials in the designing electrochemical sensors for determination of disease-related biomolecules, including tumor markers, inflammatory biomarkers, depression markers and archetypal biomarker in diabetes diagnosis. Considering the high potential of QDs for the electrochemistry-based biosensing strategies, the authors suggest that more research is needed on understanding their electronic properties and why synthesis and surface modification methods can affect these properties.