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Haque F, Khalidy R, Chiang YW, Santos RM. Constraining the Capacity of Global Croplands to CO 2 Drawdown via Mineral Weathering. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1294-1305. [PMID: 37492628 PMCID: PMC10364810 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial enhanced weathering of alkaline silicate minerals is a promising climate change mitigation strategy with the potential to limit the global temperature rise. The formation and accumulation of pedogenic carbonate and bicarbonate in soils/subsoils and groundwater offers a large sink for C storage; the amount of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) presently held within soils has been estimated to be 720-950 Gt of C. These values can be augmented by the addition of a variety of calcium and magnesium silicates via enhanced weathering. While the concept of the application of finely milled silicate rocks for faster weathering rates is well established, there has been limited discussion on the role of local climate, natural SIC content (i.e., the SIC innately present in the soil), and soil pH (among other important agronomic factors) on silicate weathering when applied to croplands, especially in view that the aim is to establish terrestrial enhanced weathering as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy on a global scale. In this work, we emphasized the importance of soil pH and soil temperature on silicate weathering and looked to estimate an upper limit of (i.e., constrain) the global capacity until the year 2100 for enhanced rock weathering (ERW) to draw down CO2 in the form of accumulated pedogenic carbonate or soluble bicarbonate. We assessed the global spatial distribution of cropland soil pH, which serves as a proxy for local innate SIC; annual rate of pluvial (rainfall) precipitation; and soil temperature, and found that the potential CO2 drawdown difference between faster and slower weathering silicates is narrower in Asia, Africa, and South America, while the gap is larger for Europe, North America, and Oceania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Haque
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department
of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Reza Khalidy
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yi Wai Chiang
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rafael M. Santos
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Vicca S, Goll DS, Hagens M, Hartmann J, Janssens IA, Neubeck A, Peñuelas J, Poblador S, Rijnders J, Sardans J, Struyf E, Swoboda P, van Groenigen JW, Vienne A, Verbruggen E. Is the climate change mitigation effect of enhanced silicate weathering governed by biological processes? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:711-726. [PMID: 34773318 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A number of negative emission technologies (NETs) have been proposed to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere, with enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) as a relatively new NET with considerable climate change mitigation potential. Models calibrated to ESW rates in lab experiments estimate the global potential for inorganic carbon sequestration by ESW at about 0.5-5 Gt CO2 year-1 , suggesting ESW could be an important component of the future NETs mix. In real soils, however, weathering rates may differ strongly from lab conditions. Research on natural weathering has shown that biota such as plants, microbes, and macro-invertebrates can strongly affect weathering rates, but biotic effects were excluded from most ESW lab assessments. Moreover, ESW may alter soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions by influencing physicochemical and biological processes, which holds the potential to perpetuate even larger negative emissions. Here, we argue that it is likely that the climate change mitigation effect of ESW will be governed by biological processes, emphasizing the need to put these processes on the agenda of this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicca
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Daniel S Goll
- CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Mathilde Hagens
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anna Neubeck
- Department of Earth sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Poblador
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jet Rijnders
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Struyf
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Philipp Swoboda
- International Centre for Sustainable Development, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | | | - Arthur Vienne
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Effects of production conditions on the properties of limestone briquettes aimed for acid soil liming. HEMIJSKA INDUSTRIJA 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/hemind220211011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of experiments performed to determine how the
quantity of the binder (bentonite) and the parameters of the laboratory roll
press affect the quality of the briquettes obtained from limestone powder.
These experiments aim to examine the conditions in which limestone
briquettes are formed and to determine their use for agricultural purposes.
During the experiments various mass fractions of bentonite was added to
limestone (from 1 to 10 %), while the force of roll press drums ranged from
2 to 25 kN. The briquettes have been tested by applying scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), differential thermal and thermo-gravimetric (DTA/TG)
analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). Bentonite distribution was found to be uniform within
the compact briquette structure. Formation of new compounds was not
evidenced. The experiments also demonstrated that during briquetting,
limestone properties remain unchanged, the changes are only physical, water
solubility is not reduced, mechanical properties (impact resistance,
compressive strength and abrasion resistance) are satisfactory by the
transport and storage terms if the binder mass fraction is over 5% and the
briquetting force exceeds 10kN and finally there is no loss due to wind
dispersal during application. The only downside of the ?green? briquettes
obtained is the time required for their complete disintegration if totally
immersed in water.
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Haque F, Santos RM, Chiang YW. Urban Farming with Enhanced Rock Weathering As a Prospective Climate Stabilization Wedge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13575-13578. [PMID: 34613702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With no single carbon capture and sequestration solution able to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5-2.0 °C by 2100, additional climate stabilization measures are needed to complement current mitigation approaches. Urban farming presents an easy-to-adopt pathway toward carbon neutrality, unlocking extensive urban surface areas that can be leveraged to grow food while sequestering CO2. Urban farming involves extensive surface areas, such as roofs, balconies, and vertical spaces, allowing for soil presence and atmospheric carbon sequestration through air-to-soil contact. In this viewpoint we also advocate the incorporation of enhanced rock weathering (ERW) into urban farming, providing a further opportunity for this recognized negative emissions technology that is gaining momentum worldwide to gain greater utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Haque
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Rafael M Santos
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Yi Wai Chiang
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario Canada, N1G 2W1
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Khalidy R, Santos RM. Assessment of geochemical modeling applications and research hot spots-a year in review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3351-3374. [PMID: 33651264 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical modeling has been employed in several fields of science and engineering in recent years. This review seeks to provide an overview of case studies that applied geochemical modeling in the 2019 year, which includes over 250 articles. This review is intended to inform new users on the possibilities that geochemical modeling brings, while also informing existing and past users on its latest developments. The survey of studies was conducted with an emphasis on the modeling techniques, the objective of studies, the prevalent simulated variables and the use of specific software packages. The analysis showed that geochemical modeling is still predominantly employed in experimental projects and in the form of equilibrium modeling. PHREEQC and Visual MINTEQ were recognized as the most popular software packages for simulating a wide range of processes, using equilibrium or other geochemical modeling forms. The study of fluid-rock interactions and pollution and remediation processes can be regarded as the principal geochemical modeling objectives, constituting 37% and 36% of the reviewed studies, respectively. Focusing on fluid-rock interactions, hydrogeochemical processes, carbon capture and storage and enhanced oil recovery have been the main topics examined with geochemical modeling. Assessments of the toxicity of metals in terms of leachate and mobilization, as well as their removal from soil and water systems, have been major topics investigated with the aid of geochemical modeling in terms of pollution and remediation research. It was found that the scholars benefit from geochemical modeling in their research both as a main technique and as an accessory tool. Saturation index, elemental concentration and speciation, mineral mass and composition and pH were among the most common variables modeled in reviewed studies. Geochemical modeling has gained a wider user base in recent years, and many research groups have used it in consecutive studies to deepen knowledge. However, much potential for further dissemination still remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khalidy
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Fantucci H, Aguirre M, Santos RM. Wet Air Oxidation Route for the Synthesis of Organomineral Fertilizers from Synergistic Wastes (Pomace and Kimberlite). Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fantucci
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maria Aguirre
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rafael M. Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wang J, Watanabe N, Inomoto K, Kamitakahara M, Nakamura K, Komai T, Tsuchiya N. Enhancement of aragonite mineralization with a chelating agent for CO 2 storage and utilization at low to moderate temperatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13956. [PMID: 34230588 PMCID: PMC8260590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the CaCO3 polymorphs, aragonite demonstrates a better performance as a filler material in the paper and plastic industries. Despite being ideal from the environmental protection perspective, the production of aragonite particles via CO2 mineralization of rocks is hindered by the difficulty in achieving high production efficiencies and purities, which, however, can be mitigated by exploiting the potential ability of chelating agents on metal ions extraction and carbonation controlling. Herein, chelating agent N,N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid (GLDA) was used to enhance the extraction of Ca from calcium silicate and facilitate the production of aragonite particles during the subsequent Ca carbonation. CO2 mineralization was promoted in the presence of 0.01-0.1 M GLDA at ≤ 80 °C, with the maximal CaCO3 production efficiency reached 308 g/kg of calcium silicate in 60 min using 0.03 M GLDA, which is 15.5 times higher than that without GLDA. In addition, GLDA showed excellent effects on promoting aragonite precipitation, e.g., the content of aragonite was only 5.1% in the absence of GLDA at 50 °C, whereas highly pure (> 90%, increased by a factor of 18) and morphologically uniform aragonite was obtained using ≥ 0.05 M GLDA under identical conditions. Aragonite particle morphologies could also be controlled by varying the GLDA concentration and carbonation temperature. This study proposed a carbon-negative aragonite production method, demonstrated the possibility of enhanced and controlled aragonite particle production during the CO2 mineralization of calcium silicates in the presence of chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Inomoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kamitakahara
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan
| | - Takeshi Komai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808579, Japan
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Haque F, Santos RM, Chiang YW. Optimizing Inorganic Carbon Sequestration and Crop Yield With Wollastonite Soil Amendment in a Microplot Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1012. [PMID: 32719708 PMCID: PMC7350405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas, and its concentration in the atmosphere is increasing continuously, hence there is an urgent need to reduce its level in the atmosphere. Soils offer a large natural sink to store CO2. This study focuses on sequestering CO2 in the agricultural soils as inorganic carbon, which can be accomplished by adding alkaline-earth silicates. Wollastonite is used in this study as a soil amendment, to sequester CO2 via the geochemical route of mineral carbonation. The first objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mixing a wide range of dosages of wollastonite, as a soil amendment, on the growth performance of two leguminous plants frequently used in agricultural sector: soybean and alfalfa. The plants were grown with different wollastonite dosages (3-20 kg·m-2 for soybean and 3-40 kg·m-2 for alfalfa), for a duration of 14 weeks in a microplot experiment in Ontario, Canada. The second objective was to find evidence of enhanced weathering of wollastonite in soil, in addition to the augmentation of inorganic carbon content in soil. For this, mineralogical assessment of the soils was performed using XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. Wollastonite increased the soybean yield by two-fold in the plot amended with 10 kg·m-2. At all dosages, wollastonite increased the alfalfa growth in terms of height and above-ground biomass dry weight, as well as root biomass. The rate of CO2 sequestration, at optimum wollastonite dosage, reached 0.08 kg CO2·m-2·month-1. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses indicated accumulation of calcite in wollastonite-amended soil and formation of other weathering products. The results obtained from this study help to understand the impact of wollastonite soil amendment on agronomy, and will aid in implementing such negative emissions technology by informing farmers and industry alike that the use of wollastonite contributes toward global climate change mitigation while supporting crop yield. The findings of this study add to the existing body of knowledge on enhanced weathering as an atmospheric CO2 removal technology, providing further evidence that wollastonite weathering in agricultural soils can lead to significant capacity for CO2 sequestration as inorganic carbon, while concurrently promoting plant growth.
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Mineral Carbonation as an Educational Investigation of Green Chemical Engineering Design. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11154156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Engaging students in the experimental design of “green” technology is a challenge in Chemical Engineering undergraduate programs. This concept paper demonstrates an educational methodology to investigate accelerated mineral carbonation, which is a promising technology related to mitigation of climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources as stable solid carbonates. An experimental investigation is conceived, whereby students test the effect of two process parameters (CO2 pressure and mixing rate) on the extent of carbonation reaction. The carbonation reaction has been performed using a mineral called wollastonite (CaSiO3). The experimental study and laboratory report cover principles of reaction kinetics and mass transfer, while illustrating the steps to develop and investigate a green process technology. The results from the experimental investigation, which is carried out by multiple teams of students, are then pooled and used to guide a subsequent design project. Students would conceive a flowsheet, size equipment, and estimate the energy demand and net CO2 sequestration efficiency of a full-scale implementation of the mineral carbonation technology. This educational investigation aims to help undergraduate students to acquire deeper experiential learning and greater awareness of future green technologies by applying fundamental engineering principles into an engaging experimental and design exercise.
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