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Sayın B, Kaban G. Biotechnological Innovations Unleashing the Potential of Olive Mill Wastewater in Added-Value Bioproducts. Foods 2024; 13:2245. [PMID: 39063329 PMCID: PMC11276412 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Byproducts and wastes from the food processing industry represent an important group of wastes generated annually in large quantities. It is important to note that the amount of this waste will increase with industrialization, and effective solutions must be found urgently. Many wastes that cause environmental pollution are evaluated by their low-tech conversion into products with little economic value, such as animal feed and fertilizer. Therefore, the evaluation of food processing waste using effective recycling techniques has become an interesting subject with increasing population, ongoing biotechnological studies, and advances in technology. The conversion of food waste into biotechnological products via fermentation is a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and economical method in line with the principles of green chemistry. This approach promotes the reuse of food waste by supporting the principles of a circular economy and offers sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels and synthetic chemicals. This contributes to reducing the carbon footprint, preserving soil and water quality, and providing economic sustainability through the production of high-value products. In this study, the properties of olive mill wastewater, an important and valuable waste in the olive oil industry, its environmental aspects, and its use in biotechnological applications that integrate green chemistry are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Sayın
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Ardahan University, 75002 Ardahan, Türkiye
| | - Güzin Kaban
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
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2
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Juszczyk P, Rywińska A, Kosicka J, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Rymowicz W. Sugar Alcohol Sweetener Production by Yarrowia lipolytica Grown in Media Containing Glycerol. Molecules 2023; 28:6594. [PMID: 37764370 PMCID: PMC10534813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the world's annual production of mannitol is by chemical means, but, due to increasing demand for natural sweeteners, alternative production methods are being sought. The aim of the study was to screen Yarrowia lipolytica yeast strains and select culture conditions for the efficient and selective biosynthesis of mannitol from glycerol. From 21 strains examined in the shake-flask culture for mannitol biosynthesis from glycerol (100 g/L), three strains were selected-S2, S3, and S4-and further evaluated in batch bioreactor cultures with technical and raw glycerol (150 g/L). The best production parameters were observed for strain S3, which additionally was found to be the most resistant to NaCl concentration. Next, strain S3 was examined in batch culture with regard to the initial glycerol concentration (from 50 to 250 g/L). It was found that the substrate concentrations of 50 and 75 g/L resulted in the highest mannitol selectivity, about 70%. The fed-batch culture system proposed in this paper (performed in two variants in which glycerol was dosed in four portions of about 50 or 75 g/L) resulted in increased mannitol production, up to 78.5 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Juszczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (J.K.); (L.T.-H.); (W.R.)
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3
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Sarris D, Tsouko E, Photiades A, Tchakouteu SS, Diamantopoulou P, Papanikolaou S. Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel Yarrowia lipolytica Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2243. [PMID: 37764087 PMCID: PMC10534340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global market for citric acid (CA) is one of the biggest and fastest expanding markets in the food industry. The CA production employing microbial bioprocessing with efficient GRAS strains and renewable waste streams is in line with the European Union binding targets for resource efficiency, sustainable consumption-production, and low-carbon technologies. In this work, the potential of three novel wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica strains (namely LMBF Y-46, LMBF Y-47 and ACA-YC 5033) regarding the production of CA and other valuable metabolites was tested on glucose-based media, and the most promising amongst the screened strains (viz. the strain ACA-YC 5033) was cultured on glucose-based media, in which part of the fermentation water had been replaced by olive-mill wastewaters (OMWs) in a novel approach of simultaneous OMW valorization and bioremediation. In the first part of this study, the mentioned strains were cultured under nitrogen-limited conditions with commercial (low-cost) glucose employed as a sole carbon source in shake-flask cultures at an initial concentration (S0) ≈ of 50 g/L. Variable quantities of secreted citric acid (CA) and intra-cellular compounds (viz. polysaccharides and lipids) were produced. All strains did not accumulate significantly high lipid quantities (i.e., maximum lipid in dry cell weight [DCW] values ≈30% w/w were noted) but produced variable CA quantities. The most promising strain, namely ACA-YC 5033, produced CA up to c. 24 g/L, with a yield of CA produced on glucose consumed (YCA/S) ≈ 0.45 g/g. This strain in stirred tank bioreactor experiments, at remarkably higher S0 concentrations (≈110 g/L) and the same initial nitrogen quantity added into the medium, produced notably higher CA quantities, up to 57 g/L (YCA/S ≈ 0.52 g/g). The potential of the same strain (ACA-YC 5033) to bioremediate OMWs and to produce value-added compounds, i.e., yeast cells, CA, and intra-cellular metabolites, was also assessed; under nitrogen-limited conditions in which OMWs had partially replaced tap water and significant glucose concentrations had been added (S0 ≈ 100 g/L, simultaneous molar ratio C/N ≈ 285 g/g, initial phenolic compounds [Phen0] adjusted to ≈1.0 g/L; these media were similar to the OMWs generated from the traditional press extraction systems) the notable CA quantity of 60.2 g/L with simultaneous YCA/S = 0.66 g/g, was obtained in shake flasks, together with satisfactory phenolic compounds removal (up to 19.5% w/w) and waste decolorization (up to 47.0%). Carbon-limited conditions with Phen0 ≈ 1.0 g/L favored the production of yeast DCW (up to 25.3 g/L), with equally simultaneous interesting phenolic compounds and color removal. The fatty acid profile showed that cellular lipids were highly unsaturated with oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids, accounting for more than 80% w/w. This study proposed an interesting approach that could efficiently address the biotreatment of toxic effluents and further convert them into circular-oriented bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sarris
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food, Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (E.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Erminta Tsouko
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food, Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (E.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelos Photiades
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food, Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (E.T.); (A.P.)
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Attiki, Greece;
| | - Sidoine Sadjeu Tchakouteu
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Attiki, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece;
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Attiki, Greece;
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Keskin A, Ünlü AE, Takaç S. Utilization of olive mill wastewater for selective production of lipids and carotenoids by Rhodotorula glutinis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12625-x. [PMID: 37329489 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a zero-cost substrate for numerous value-added compounds. Although several studies on the production of lipids and carotenoids by Rhodotorula glutinis in OMW exist, none of them has specifically focused on the conditions for a target lipid or carotenoid. This study presents cultivation conditions that selectively stimulate the cell biomass, individual carotenoids and lipids. It was found that supplemental carbon and nitrogen sources as well as illumination affected cell biomass the most. High temperature, low initial pH, illumination, lack of urea and presence of glycerol stimulated the lipid synthesis. The highest total lipid content obtained in undiluted OMW supplemented with urea was 11.08 ± 0.17% (w/w) whilst it was 41.40 ± 0.21% (w/w) when supplemented with glycerol. Moreover, the main fatty acid produced by R. glutinis in all media was oleic acid, whose fraction reached 63.94 ± 0.58%. Total carotenoid yield was significantly increased with low initial pH, high temperature, illumination, certain amounts of urea, glycerol and cultivation time. Up to 192.09 ± 0.16 μg/g cell carotenoid yield was achieved. Torularhodin could be selectively produced at high pH, low temperature and with urea and glycerol supplementation. To selectively induce torulene synthesis, cultivation conditions should have low pH, high temperature and illumination. In addition, low pH, high temperature and urea supplementation served high production of β-carotene. Up to 85.40 ± 0.76, 80.67 ± 1.40 and 39.45 ± 0.69% of torulene, torularhodin and β-carotene, respectively, were obtained under selected conditions. KEY POINTS: • Cultivation conditions selectively induced target carotenoids and lipids • 41.40 ± 0.21% (w/w) lipid content and 192.09 ± 0.16 μg/g cell carotenoid yield were achieved • Markedly high selectivity values for torularhodin and torulene were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Keskin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Tandoğan, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ezgi Ünlü
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Tandoğan, Turkey
| | - Serpil Takaç
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Tandoğan, Turkey.
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Theodosiou E. Engineering Strategies for Efficient Bioconversion of Glycerol to Value-Added Products by Yarrowia lipolytica. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been a valuable biotechnological workhorse for the production of commercially important biochemicals for over 70 years. The knowledge gained so far on the native biosynthetic pathways, as well as the availability of numerous systems and synthetic biology tools, enabled not only the regulation and the redesign of the existing metabolic pathways, but also the introduction of novel synthetic ones; further consolidating the position of the yeast in industrial biotechnology. However, for the development of competitive and sustainable biotechnological production processes, bioengineering should be reinforced by bioprocess optimization strategies. Although there are many published reviews on the bioconversion of various carbon sources to value-added products by Yarrowia lipolytica, fewer works have focused on reviewing up-to-date strain, medium, and process engineering strategies with an aim to emphasize the significance of integrated engineering approaches. The ultimate goal of this work is to summarize the necessary knowledge and inspire novel routes to manipulate at a systems level the yeast biosynthetic machineries by combining strain and bioprocess engineering. Due to the increasing surplus of biodiesel-derived waste glycerol and the favored glycerol-utilization metabolic pathways of Y. lipolytica over other carbon sources, the present review focuses on pure and crude glycerol-based biomanufacturing.
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Upgrading Major Waste Streams Derived from the Biodiesel Industry and Olive Mills via Microbial Bioprocessing with Non-Conventional Yarrowia lipolytica Strains. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a bioprocess involving the valorization of biodiesel-derived glycerol as the main carbon source for cell proliferation of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and production of metabolic compounds, i.e., citric acid (Cit), polyols, and other bio-metabolites, the substitution of process tap water with olive mill wastewater (OMW) in batch fermentations, and partial detoxification of OMW (up to 31.1% decolorization). Increasing initial phenolics (Phen) of OMW-glycerol blends led to substantial Cit secretion. Maximum Cit values, varying between 64.1–65.1 g/L, combined with high yield (YCit/S = 0.682–0.690 g Cit/g carbon sources) and productivity (0.335–0.344 g/L/h) were achieved in the presence of Phen = 3 g/L. The notable accumulation of endopolysaccharides (EPs) on the produced biomass was determined when Y. lipolytica LMBF Y-46 (51.9%) and ACA-YC 5033 (61.5%) were cultivated on glycerol-based media. Blending with various amounts of OMW negatively affected EPs and polyols biosynthesis. The ratio of mannitol:arabitol:erythritol was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the fermentation media. Erythritol was the major polyol in the absence of OMW (53.5–62.32%), while blends of OMW-glycerol (with Phen = 1–3 g/L) promoted mannitol production (54.5–76.6%). Nitrogen-limited conditions did not favor the production of cellular lipids (up to 16.6%). This study addressed sustainable management and resource efficiency enabling the bioconversion of high-organic-load and toxic waste streams into valuable products within a circular bioeconomy approach.
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Growth Potential of Selected Yeast Strains Cultivated on Xylose-Based Media Mimicking Lignocellulosic Wastewater Streams: High Production of Microbial Lipids by Rhodosporidium toruloides. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential of Rhodosporidium toruloides, Candida oleophila, Metschnikowia pulcherima, and Cryptococcus curvatus species to produce single-cell-oil (SCO) and other valuable metabolites on low-cost media, based on commercial-type xylose, was investigated. Rhodosporidium strains were further evaluated in shake-flasks using different lignosulphonate (LS) concentrations, in media mimicking waste streams derived from the paper and pulp industry. Increasing the LS concentration up to 40 g/L resulted in enhanced dry cell weight (DCW) while SCO production increased up to ~5.0 g/L when R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012 and DSM 4444 were employed. The intra-cellular polysaccharide production ranged from 0.9 to 2.3 g/L in all fermentations. Subsequent fed-batch bioreactor experiments with R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012 using 20 g/L of LS and xylose, led to SCO production of 17.0 g/L with maximum lipids in DCW (YL/X) = 57.0% w/w. The fatty acid (FA) profile in cellular lipids showed that oleic (50.3–63.4% w/w) and palmitic acid (23.9–31.0%) were the major FAs. Only SCO from batch trials of R. toruloides strains contained α-linolenic acid. Media that was supplemented with various LS concentrations enhanced the unsaturation profile of SCO from R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012. SCO from R. toruloides strains could replace plant-based commodity oils in oleochemical-operations and/or it could be micro- and nano-encapsulated into novel food-based formulas offering healthier food-products.
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Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger Cultivated in Olive Mill Wastewater Using a Two-Stage Packed Column Bioreactor. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For building a sustainable fermentation process, it is essential to reduce dependence on natural resources and lower the amount of pollution that is created. The reuse of agro-industrial wastewater after possible treatment leads to the achievement of these goals concurrently. This study investigates the production of citric acid and the cellulase enzyme by A. niger cultivated in olive mill wastewater (OMW) using a loofa sponge-packed column bioreactor. The process was conducted under batch conditions using a single-stage packed bioreactor and under continuous operation using two-stage packed-column bioreactors. Citric acid and cellulase enzyme production were enhanced when the culture was supplied with cellulose. Employing loofa sponge slices for cell entrapment/immobilization improved the efficiency of the process. The maximum citric acid concentration achieved was 16 g/L with a yield (YCit.A/BOD) of 38.5% and a productivity of 2.5 g/L/day. When the process parameters were translated into continuous operation employing two loofa sponge-packed column bioreactors, citric acid production was improved significantly to 25 g/L in a steady-state period of 5 days at a production rate of 3.6 g/L/day and an allover yield (YCit.A/BOD) of 57.5%. Cellulases and reducing sugars were continuously supplied to the second-stage bioreactor by the first-stage bioreactor, which in turn enhanced fungal growth and citric acid production.
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Lopes M, Miranda SM, Costa AR, Pereira AS, Belo I. Yarrowia lipolytica as a biorefinery platform for effluents and solid wastes valorization - challenges and opportunities. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:163-183. [PMID: 34157916 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to its physiological and enzymatic features, Yarrowia lipolytica produces several valuable compounds from a wide range of substrates. Appointed by some authors as an industrial workhorse, Y. lipolytica has an extraordinary ability to use unrefined and complex low-cost substrates as carbon and nitrogen sources, aiding to reduce the waste surplus and to produce added-value compounds in a cost-effective way. Dozens of review papers regarding Y. lipolytica have been published till now, proving the interest that this yeast arouses in the scientific community. However, most of them are focused on metabolic pathways involved in substrates assimilation and product formation, or the development of synthetic biology tools in order to obtain engineered strains for biotechnological applications. This paper provides an exhaustive and up-to-date revision on the application of Y. lipolytica to valorize liquid effluents and solid wastes and its role in developing cleaner biotechnological approaches, aiming to boost the circular economy. Firstly, a general overview about Y. lipolytica is introduced, describing its intrinsic features and biotechnological applications. Then, an extensive survey of the literature regarding the assimilation of oily wastes (waste cooking oils, oil cakes and olive mill wastewaters), animal fat wastes, hydrocarbons-rich effluents, crude glycerol and agro-food wastes by Y. lipolytica strains will be discussed. This is the first article that brings together the environmental issue of all such residues and their valorization as feedstock for valuable compounds production by Y. lipolytica. Finally, it will demonstrate the potential of this non-conventional yeast to be used as a biorefinery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M Miranda
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana S Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Belo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Hamimed S, Barkaoui T, Trabelsi I, Landoulsi A, Chatti A. High-performance biological treatment of tuna wash processing wastewater using Yarrowia lipolytica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1545-1554. [PMID: 32844342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the lack of an effective treatment of tuna wash processing wastewater may pose substantial environmental and public health hazards. The present work investigates the performance of biological treatment of tuna wash processing wastewater (TWPW) by using Yarrowia lipolytica. Under optimized experimental conditions (pH "6.40-6.50" and 29 °C), Y. lipolytica reduced the pollution level of the crude and the diluted TWPW after only 7 days of incubation. The Yarrowia treatment leaded to a reduction of 66% chemical oxygen demand, 69.8% total organic carbon, 66% salinity, and phosphorus total (100%) removal of the crude TWPW, while the treated-diluted TWPW revealed significant reductions in chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon (75% and 74%, respectively), as well as salinity (68%). Interestingly, a total removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the diluted TWPW was obtained. Under high salinity, an important Y. lipolytica biomass of 5 g L-1 is produced with high levels of lipids and protein contents at around 336 ± 12.2 mg g-1 and 302.15 ± 5.44 mg g-1, respectively. The phytotoxicity assessment of the treated TWPW on fenugreek seeds shows promising results, which reveals the good performance of Yarrowia treatment in reducing the toxicity of this wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Hamimed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, CP 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Taha Barkaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, CP 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, CP 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, CP 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, CP 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Contreras MDM, Romero I, Moya M, Castro E. Olive-derived biomass as a renewable source of value-added products. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Lipid Production by Yeasts Growing on Commercial Xylose in Submerged Cultures with Process Water Being Partially Replaced by Olive Mill Wastewaters. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six yeast strains belonging to Rhodosporidium toruloides, Lipomyces starkeyi, Rhodotorula glutinis and Cryptococcus curvatus were shake-flask cultured on xylose (initial sugar—S0 = 70 ± 10 g/L) under nitrogen-limited conditions. C. curvatus ATCC 20509 and L. starkeyi DSM 70296 were further cultured in media where process waters were partially replaced by the phenol-containing olive mill wastewaters (OMWs). In flasks with S0 ≈ 100 g/L and OMWs added yielding to initial phenolic compounds concentration (PCC0) between 0.0 g/L (blank experiment) and 2.0 g/L, C. curvatus presented maximum total dry cell weight—TDCWmax ≈ 27 g/L, in all cases. The more the PCC0 increased, the fewer lipids were produced. In OMW-enriched media with PCC0 ≈ 1.2 g/L, TDCW = 20.9 g/L containing ≈ 40% w/w of lipids was recorded. In L. starkeyi cultures, when PCC0 ≈ 2.0 g/L, TDCW ≈ 25 g/L was synthesized, whereas lipids in TDCW = 24–28% w/w, similar to the experiments without OMWs, were recorded. Non-negligible dephenolization and species-dependent decolorization of the wastewater occurred. A batch-bioreactor trial by C. curvatus only with xylose (S0 ≈ 110 g/L) was performed and TDCW = 35.1 g/L (lipids in TDCW = 44.3% w/w) was produced. Yeast total lipids were composed of oleic and palmitic and to lesser extent linoleic and stearic acids. C. curvatus lipids were mainly composed of nonpolar fractions (i.e., triacylglycerols).
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Fickers P, Cheng H, Sze Ki Lin C. Sugar Alcohols and Organic Acids Synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica: Where Are We? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E574. [PMID: 32326622 PMCID: PMC7232202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar alcohols and organic acids that derive from the metabolism of certain microorganisms have a panoply of applications in agro-food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The main challenge in their production is to reach a productivity threshold that allow the process to be profitable. This relies on the construction of efficient cell factories by metabolic engineering and on the development of low-cost production processes by using industrial wastes or cheap and widely available raw materials as feedstock. The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged recently as a potential producer of such metabolites owing its low nutritive requirements, its ability to grow at high cell densities in a bioreactor and ease of genome edition. This review will focus on current knowledge on the synthesis of the most important sugar alcohols and organic acids in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Process and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege—Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
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Diamantopoulou P, Filippousi R, Antoniou D, Varfi E, Xenopoulos E, Sarris D, Papanikolaou S. Production of added-value microbial metabolites during growth of yeast strains on media composed of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol and glycerol/xylose blends. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5818764. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A total of 11 yeast strains of Yarrowia lipolytica, Metschnikowia sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Rhodosporidium toruloides were grown under nitrogen-limited conditions with crude glycerol employed as substrate in shake flasks, presenting interesting dry cell weight (DCW) production. Three of these strains belonging to Metschnikowia sp. accumulated significant quantities of endopolysaccharides (i.e. the strain V.V.-D4 produced 11.0 g/L of endopolysaccharides, with polysaccharides in DCW ≈ 63% w/w). A total of six Y. lipolytica strains produced either citric acid or mannitol. Most of the screened yeasts presented somehow elevated lipid and polysaccharides in DCW values at the early steps of growth despite nitrogen appearance in the fermentation medium. Lipid in DCW values decreased as growth proceeded. R. toruloides DSM 4444 cultivated on media presenting higher glycerol concentrations presented interesting lipid-accumulating capacities (maximum lipid = 12.5 g/L, maximum lipid in DCW = 43.0–46.0% w/w, conversion yield on glycerol = 0.16 g/g). Replacement of crude glycerol by xylose resulted in somehow decreased lipid accumulation. In xylose/glycerol mixtures, xylose was more rapidly assimilated from glycerol. R. toruloides total lipids were mainly composed of triacylglycerols. Total cellular fatty acid composition on xylose presented some differences compared with that on glycerol. Cellular lipids contained mainly oleic and palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
| | - Rosanina Filippousi
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Antoniou
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Varfi
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Xenopoulos
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Sarris
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
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15
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Economou CN, Philippoussis AN, Diamantopoulou PA. Spent mushroom substrate for a second cultivation cycle of Pleurotus mushrooms and dephenolization of agro-industrial wastewaters. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5817841. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus was supplemented with wheat bran and soybean flour and used as substrate for a new cultivation cycle of the oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius. The bioconversion efficiency of mushrooms produced over substrate (BE%) used and the chemical composition of sporophores were evaluated. The concentration of mycelial mass, crude exopolysaccharide content and laccase enzyme activity were also determined at the supplemented SMS before inoculation, at 50% and 100% of colonization stages in the new cultivation and in the final re-utilized SMS. The laccase enzyme was extracted to examine SMS potential for the dephenolization of olive mill and winery wastewaters. Results showed that both Pleurotus species exhibited BE over 185%, demonstrating this bioprocess could represent a promising strategy to convert SMS into nutritional food. Data also indicate the strong positive impact that SMS could have in the solid wastes’ management and agribusiness enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Economou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, GR-14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Antonios N Philippoussis
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, GR-14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Panagiota A Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, GR-14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
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16
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Yuan W, Lin X, Zhong S, Chen J, Wang Z, Sun J. Enhanced pyruvic acid yield in an osmotic stress-resistant mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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