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Domènech-Montoliu S, Puig-Barberà J, Pac-Sa MR, Orrico-Sanchéz A, Gómez-Lanas L, Sala-Trull D, Domènech-Leon C, Del Rio-González A, Sánchez-Urbano M, Satorres-Martinez P, Aparisi-Esteve L, Badenes-Marques G, Blasco-Gari R, Casanova-Suarez J, Gil-Fortuño M, Hernández-Pérez N, Jovani-Sales D, López-Diago L, Notari-Rodríguez C, Pérez-Olaso O, Romeu-Garcia MA, Ruíz-Puig R, Arnedo-Pena A. Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:167-186. [PMID: 38651389 PMCID: PMC11036210 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to determine the cellular immune response (CIR) in a sample of the Borriana COVID-19 cohort (Spain) to identify associated factors and their relationship with infection, reinfection and sequelae. We conducted a nested case-control study using a randomly selected sample of 225 individuals aged 18 and older, including 36 individuals naïve to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and 189 infected patients. We employed flow-cytometry-based immunoassays for intracellular cytokine staining, using Wuhan and BA.2 antigens, and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Logistic regression models were applied. A total of 215 (95.6%) participants exhibited T-cell response (TCR) to at least one antigen. Positive responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were 89.8% and 85.3%, respectively. No difference in CIR was found between naïve and infected patients. Patients who experienced sequelae exhibited a higher CIR than those without. A positive correlation was observed between TCR and anti-spike IgG levels. Factors positively associated with the TCR included blood group A, number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses received, and anti-N IgM; factors inversely related were the time elapsed since the last vaccine dose or infection, and blood group B. These findings contribute valuable insights into the nuanced immune landscape shaped by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Puig-Barberà
- Vaccines Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in Valencia Region FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-B.); (A.O.-S.)
| | - María Rosario Pac-Sa
- Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.R.P.-S.); (M.A.R.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Orrico-Sanchéz
- Vaccines Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in Valencia Region FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-B.); (A.O.-S.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Secretary of Chair of Vaccines Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorna Gómez-Lanas
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Diego Sala-Trull
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Carmen Domènech-Leon
- Department of Medicine, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez-Urbano
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Paloma Satorres-Martinez
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | | | - Gema Badenes-Marques
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Roser Blasco-Gari
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | | | - María Gil-Fortuño
- Microbiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (N.H.-P.); (O.P.-O.)
| | - Noelia Hernández-Pérez
- Microbiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (N.H.-P.); (O.P.-O.)
| | - David Jovani-Sales
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Laura López-Diago
- Clinical Analysis Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain;
| | - Cristina Notari-Rodríguez
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Oscar Pérez-Olaso
- Microbiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (N.H.-P.); (O.P.-O.)
| | | | - Raquel Ruíz-Puig
- Emergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (D.S.-T.); (M.S.-U.); (P.S.-M.); (G.B.-M.); (R.B.-G.); (D.J.-S.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.)
| | - Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.R.P.-S.); (M.A.R.-G.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Science, Public University Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Mielke N, Gorz R, Bahl A, Zhao L, Berger DA. Association between ABO blood type and coronavirus disease 2019 severe outcomes across dominant variant strains. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2024; 5:e13115. [PMID: 38322377 PMCID: PMC10844762 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Existing evidence suggests a link between ABO blood type and severe outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess the relationship between blood type and severe outcomes across variant strains throughout the pandemic. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective observational cohort analysis from a large health system in southeastern Michigan using electronic medical records to evaluate emergency encounters, hospitalization, and severe outcomes in COVID-19 based on ABO blood type. Consecutive adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 (U07.1) from March 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022 were assessed. Patients who presented during three distinct time intervals that coincided with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variant predominance were included in the analysis. Exclusions included no record of ABO blood type, positive PCR COVID-19 test within the preceding 28 days, and if transferred from out of the health system. Severe outcomes were inclusive of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or death, which, as a composite, represented our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were hospital admission and length of stay. A logistic regression model was employed to test the association between ABO blood type and severe outcome, adjusting for age, sex, race, vaccination status, Elixhauser comorbidity indices, and the dominant variant time period in which the encounter occurred. Results Of the 33,796 COVID-19 encounters, 9416 met inclusion criteria; 4071 (43.2%) were type O, 3417 (36.3%) were type A, 459 (4.9%) were type AB, and 1469 (15.6%) were type B blood. Note that 66.4% of the cohort was female (p = 0.18). The proportion of composite severe disease among the four blood types was similar and ranged between 8.6% and 8.9% (p = 0.98). Note that 53.0% of type A blood patients required hospital admission, compared to 51.9%, 50.4%, and 48.1% of type AB, B, and O blood, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared to patients with O blood type (43.2%), non-O blood type (58.8%; composite of A, AB, and B) exhibited no statistically significant difference in the proportion of composite severe disease (8.8% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.81) Multivariable regression analyses exhibited no significant difference regarding the presence of severe outcomes among the four blood types or O versus non-O blood types during T1, T2, and T3. Conclusions ABO blood type was not associated with COVID-19 severe outcomes across the Delta, Alpha, and Omicron dominant COVID waves across a large health system in southeastern Michigan. Further research is needed to better understand if ABO blood type is a risk factor for severe disease among evolving COVID-19 variants and other viral upper respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mielke
- Department of MedicineCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Rebecca Gorz
- Department of Emergency MedicineCorewell Health William Beaumont University HospitalRoyal OakMichiganUSA
| | - Amit Bahl
- Department of Emergency MedicineCorewell Health William Beaumont University HospitalRoyal OakMichiganUSA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Clinical ResearchCorewell Health Research InstituteRoyal OakMichiganUSA
| | - David A Berger
- Department of Emergency MedicineCorewell Health William Beaumont University HospitalRoyal OakMichiganUSA
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Domènech-Montoliu S, Puig-Barberà J, Badenes-Marques G, Gil-Fortuño M, Orrico-Sánchez A, Pac-Sa MR, Perez-Olaso O, Sala-Trull D, Sánchez-Urbano M, Arnedo-Pena A. Long COVID Prevalence and the Impact of the Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Third Follow-Up of the Borriana Cohort, Valencia, Spain (2020-2022). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1590. [PMID: 37896992 PMCID: PMC10611325 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, a COVID-19 outbreak linked to mass gathering dinners at the Falles Festival in Borriana, Spain, resulted in an estimated attack rate of 42.6% among attendees. METHODS In June 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional follow-up study of 473 adults aged 18 to 64 who attended the dinners at the Falles Festival in 2020, examining the cumulative experience after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination responses. Data included demographic details, lifestyle habits, medical history, infection records, and vaccinations from a population-based vaccine registry. Blood samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and cellular immunity. We employed a doubly robust inverse-probability weighting analysis to estimate the booster vaccine dose's impact on long COVID prevalence and symptom count. RESULTS A total of 28.1% of participants met the WHO criteria for long COVID, with older individuals showing higher rates. Long COVID diagnosis was less likely with factors including O blood group, higher occupational status, physical activity, three vaccine doses, strong SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFNγ-producing-CD8+ response, and infection during the Omicron period. Increased age, high or low social activity, underlying health conditions, a severe initial COVID episode, and reinfection were associated with higher long COVID likelihood. A booster dose, compared to one or two doses, reduced long COVID risk by 74% (95% CI: 56% to 92%) and symptom count by 55% (95% CI: 32% to 79%). CONCLUSION Long COVID was prevalent in a significant portion of those who contracted COVID-19, underscoring the need for sustained follow-up and therapeutic strategies. Vaccinations, notably the booster dose, had a substantial beneficial effect on long-term infection outcomes, affirming the vaccination's role in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Puig-Barberà
- Vaccine Research Unit (AIV), Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gema Badenes-Marques
- Emergency Service, University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain (M.S.-U.)
| | - María Gil-Fortuño
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (O.P.-O.)
| | - Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
- Vaccine Research Unit (AIV), Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Rosario Pac-Sa
- Centro de Salud Pública de Castellón, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.R.P.-S.)
| | - Oscar Perez-Olaso
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (O.P.-O.)
| | - Diego Sala-Trull
- Emergency Service, University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain (M.S.-U.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Urbano
- Emergency Service, University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-real, Spain (M.S.-U.)
| | - Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Centro de Salud Pública de Castellón, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.R.P.-S.)
- Department of Health Science, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Abdulla SA, Elawamy HA, Mohamed NAE, Abduallah EH, Amshahar HAA, Abuzaeid NK, Eisa MAM, Osman MEM, Konozy EHE. Association of ABO blood types and clinical variables with COVID-19 infection severity in Libya. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231187736. [PMID: 37489137 PMCID: PMC10363681 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231187736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The continuing COVID-19 pandemic is a coronavirus-related health emergency (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Inadequate efforts are still being made to address the illness situation in Libya, and this must change. To address these issues, we looked into the demography and trend of the disease as well as the potential risk factors for infection. Methods This study is a retrospective case-control study conducted online among 616 COVID-19 patients. The p0.05 value, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and analyzed from the drawn data. Results Males were at high risk of COVID-19 than females (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.042-1.622; p = 0.02). Anosmia and ageusia were more prominent in females. Patients with an "AB" blood group are significantly susceptible to infection. Adults (31 and above) are highly liable to infection. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking is a risk factor for those above 60 years (odds ratio = 2.228, 95% confidence interval: 1.145-4.336; p = 0.018). Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes and/or hypertension are more prone to COVID-19 (odds ratio = 10.045, 95% confidence interval: 3.078-32.794; p = 0.000 and odds ratio = 11.508, 95% confidence interval: 3.930-33.695; p = 0.000, respectively). Conclusion This study provided for the first time the demographic data and the trend of COVID-19 infection in Libya, which will assist the stakeholders and governmental bodies in planning protection strategies against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abdulla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Negia AE Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Enas H Abduallah
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya
| | - Habsa AA Amshahar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya
| | - Nadir K Abuzaeid
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory of Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed AM Eisa
- Department of Physiology, Al Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Makarim Elfadil M Osman
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karary University, Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan
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Arnedo-Pena A, Guillen-Grima F. Incidence and Risk Factors of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Epidemiological Approach. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 4:134-136. [PMID: 37218873 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is certain that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a turning point for humanity in both developed and developing countries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Public Health and Epidemiology (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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