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Liang Y, Li D, Sheng Q, Zhu Z. Exogenous Salicylic Acid Alleviates NO 2 Damage by Maintaining Cell Stability and Physiological Metabolism in Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Miss Manila' Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3283. [PMID: 37765447 PMCID: PMC10535129 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous substances can alleviate plant damage under adverse conditions. In order to explore whether different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) can play a role in the resistance of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Miss Manila' to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stress and the relevant mechanisms of their effects, different concentrations of SA were applied locally under the control experiment condition of 4.0 μL·L-1 NO2, and the role of SA in alleviating injury was studied. The findings noted a significant increase in metabolic adaptations and antioxidant enzyme activities following 0.25-0.75 mM SA application (p < 0.05), except 1 mM. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in particular increased by 21.88% and 59.71%, respectively. Such an increase led to effective control of the reduction in photosynthetic pigments and the photosynthetic rate and protection of the structural stability of chloroplasts and other organelles. In addition, the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) increased by 83.85%, and the content of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) decreased by 29.23% in nitrogen metabolism. Concurrently, a principal component analysis (PCA) and a membership function analysis further indicated that 0.75 mM SA provided the most notable improvement in NO2 resistance among the different gradients. These findings suggest that 0.25-0.75 mM SA can relieve the stress at 4 μL·L-1 NO2 injury by effectively improving the antioxidant enzyme activity and nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activity, protecting the photosynthetic system and cell structure, but 1 mM SA had the opposite effect. In the future, the specific reasons for inhibition of SA at high concentrations and the comprehensive effects of the application of other exogenous compounds should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dalu Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Guo K, Yan L, He Y, Li H, Lam SS, Peng W, Sonne C. Phytoremediation as a potential technique for vehicle hazardous pollutants around highways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121130. [PMID: 36693585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the synchronous development of highway construction and the urban economy, automobiles have entered thousands of households as essential means of transportation. This paper reviews the latest research progress in using phytoremediation technology to remediate the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust in recent years, including the prospects for stereoscopic forestry. Currently, most automobiles on the global market are internal combustion vehicles using fossil energy sources as the primary fuel, such as gasoline, diesel, and liquid or compressed natural gas. The composition of vehicle exhaust is relatively complex. When it enters the atmosphere, it is prone to a series of chemical reactions to generate various secondary pollutants, which are very harmful to human beings, plants, animals, and the eco-environment. Despite improving the automobile fuel quality and installing exhaust gas purification devices, helping to reduce air pollution, the treatment costs of these approaches are expensive and cannot achieve zero emissions of automobile exhaust pollutants. The purification of vehicle exhaust by plants is a crucial way to remediate the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust and improve the environment along the highway by utilizing the ecosystem's self-regulating ability. Therefore, it has become a global trend to use phytoremediation technology to restore the automobile exhaust pollution. Now, there is no scientific report or systematic review about how plants absorb vehicle pollutants. The screening and configuration of suitable plant species is the most crucial aspect of successful phytoremediation. The mechanisms of plant adsorption, metabolism, and detoxification are reviewed in this paper to address the problem of automobile exhaust pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Guo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanyin Li
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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Sheng Q, Zhou C, Liang Y, Zhang H, Song M, Zhu Z. Elevated NO 2 induces leaf defensive mechanisms in Bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114292. [PMID: 36399992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With a growing economy, the living standard of people has improved which has led to increased use of urban motor vehicles globally. Consequently, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has increased in the ambient air, becoming a major pollutant in urban areas. Plant leaves can absorb, adsorb and fix nitrogen oxides to some extent. Interestingly, NO2 has been recognized as a positive/negative regulator of plant growth. To comprehensively understand the effect of NO2-induced pollution on plants, Bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings were fumigated with different concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for a short period in the current study. Further, the induced morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes were measured in the treated as well as untreated seedlings. NO2 exposure caused yellow-brown spotting on the leaf blades in B. spectabilis, which could be the symptoms of oxidative damage. Our findings also reflected the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and peroxidation of membrane lipids. In addition, the levels of osmotic regulatory substances were also found to be altered to different degrees. In addition, the activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes varied, mainly affecting amino acid metabolism. Overall, the current study would provide a theoretical and scientific basis for selecting and allocating plants in NO2-contaminated areas to manage the pollutants level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuliang Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Huarancca Reyes T, Scartazza A, Bretzel F, Di Baccio D, Guglielminetti L, Pini R, Calfapietra C. Urban conditions affect soil characteristics and physiological performance of three evergreen woody species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:169-181. [PMID: 34999508 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physiological studies conducted mainly in metropolitan areas demonstrated that urban environments generate stressful conditions for plants. However, less attention has been paid to plant response to urban conditions in small cities. Here, we evaluated to what extent the health and physiological functions of some Mediterranean urban species [Quercus ilex L., Nerium oleander L. and Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T. Aiton] were impacted by urban and peri-urban conditions in Pisa (Italy), a small medieval city with narrow streets that impede efficient public transport causing oversized private transport. Experimental period spanned from late-summer to winter in concomitance with the sharp increase in air pollutants. Climate and air quality, soil physical and chemical properties, and plant physiological traits including leaf gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf pigments were assessed. In soil, the organic carbon affected aggregates and water stability and the concentrations of some micro-elements decreased in winter. Air pollutants impaired leaf gas exchanges and photochemical processes at photosystem II, depending on species, season, and urban conditions. Shrubs were more susceptible than the tree species, highlighting that the latter adapted better to pollutants along an urban-peri-urban transect in Mediterranean environments. This study gives information on the physiological adaptability of some of the most frequent Mediterranean urban species to stressful conditions and demonstrated that, even in a small city, urban conditions influence the physiology and development of vegetation, affecting the plant health status and its ability to provide key ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bretzel
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Marconi 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy
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Physiological and Molecular Analysis Reveals the Differences of Photosynthesis between Colored and Green Leaf Poplars. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168982. [PMID: 34445687 PMCID: PMC8396459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf coloration changes evoke different photosynthetic responses among different poplar cultivars. The aim of this study is to investigate the photosynthetic difference between a red leaf cultivar (ZHP) and a green leaf (L2025) cultivar of Populus deltoides. In this study, ‘ZHP’ exhibited wide ranges and huge potential for absorption and utilization of light energy and CO2 concentration which were similar to those in ‘L2025’ and even showed a stronger absorption for weak light. However, with the increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration, the photosynthetic capacity in both ‘L2025’ and ‘ZHP’ was gradually restricted, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in ‘ZHP’ was significantly lower than that in ‘L2025’under high light or high CO2 conditions, which was mainly attributed to stomatal regulation and different photosynthetic efficiency (including the light energy utilization efficiency and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation efficiency) in these two poplars. Moreover, the higher anthocyanin content in ‘ZHP’ than that in ‘L2025’ was considered to be closely related to the decreased photosynthetic efficiency in ‘ZHP’. According to the results from the JIP-test, the capture efficiency of the reaction center for light energy in ‘L2025’ was significantly higher than that in ‘ZHP’. Interestingly, the higher levels of light quantum caused relatively higher accumulation of QA- in ‘L2025’, which blocked the electron transport and weakened the photosystem II (PSII) performance as compared with ‘ZHP’; however, the decreased capture of light quantum also could not promote the utilization of light energy, which was the key to the low photosynthetic efficiency in ‘ZHP’. The differential expressions of a series of photosynthesis-related genes further promoted these specific photosynthetic processes between ‘L2025’ and ‘ZHP’.
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Sheng Q, Liu C, Song M, Xu J, Zhu Z. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Rare Carpinus putoensis Plants under NO 2 stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050754. [PMID: 34067657 PMCID: PMC8156095 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a transcriptome using high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing and related it to the morphology, leaf anatomy, and physiological parameters of Carpinus putoensis putoensis under NO2 stress. The molecular mechanism of the C. putoensis NO2 stress response was evaluated using sequencing data. NO2 stress adversely affected the morphology, leaf anatomy, and total peroxidase (POD) activity. Through RNA-seq analysis, we used NCBI to compare the transcripts with nine databases and obtained their functional annotations. We annotated up to 2255 million clean Illumina paired-end RNA-seq reads, and 250,200 unigene sequences were assembled based on the resulting transcriptome data. More than 89% of the C. putoensis transcripts were functionally annotated. Under NO2 stress, 1119 genes were upregulated and 1240 were downregulated. According to the KEGG pathway and GO analyses, photosynthesis, chloroplasts, plastids, and the stimulus response are related to NO2 stress. Additionally, NO2 stress changed the expression of POD families, and the HPL2, HPL1, and POD genes exhibited high expression. The transcriptome analysis of C. putoensis leaves under NO2 stress supplies a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of C. putoensis resistance to NO2 stress. The given transcriptome data represent a valuable resource for studies on plant genes, which will contribute towards genome annotations during future genome projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Congzhe Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-6822-4603
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Sheng Q, Song M, Zhu Z, Cao F. Physiological and biochemical responses of two precious Carpinus species to high-concentration NO 2 stress and their natural recovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9500. [PMID: 33947881 PMCID: PMC8096962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpinus betulus and Carpinus putoensis are precious species in the world. Studies on the ecosystem function of the two species are rare. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of C. betulus and C. putoensis to NO2 stress and their natural recovery. C. betulus and C. putoensis seedlings underwent fumigation with 12.0 mg/m3 NO2 for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Then, the plants were allowed to recover at room temperature for 30 d. Physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves were compared between the two species. In terms of peroxidase (POD) activity, the damage response of C. betulus under NO2 stress appeared later than that of C. putoensis. The soluble protein content of C. betulus was noticeably higher than that of C. putoensis, and C. betulus exhibited more stable membrane lipoperoxidation. The tendency of the changes in nitrate reductase of C. betulus was less noticeable than that of C. putoensis. The variation amplitudes of N, K, Mg, Zn and Mn in the leaves of C. putoensis were greater than those of C. betulus. C. putoensis showed more sensitive metabolisms in response to NO2 stress compared with C. betulus. High-concentration NO2 caused damage to C. betulus and C. putoensis was reversible, and both species returned to normal growth via their own metabolism after 30-d recovery. The results of this study may provide useful reference data for quantitative assessment of the ecosystem function of C. betulus and C. putoensis and for their scientific application in urban greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry of University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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