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Yang C, Wang X, Li S, Zhu X, Yu Y, Zhang S. Combined analysis of transcriptomics with metabolomics provides insights into the resistance mechanism in winter jujube using L-Methionine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108951. [PMID: 39047581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Black rots lead to great economic losses in winter jujube industry. The objective of this research was to delve into the underlying mechanisms of enhanced resistance of winter jujube fruit to black rot by L-Methionine (Met) treatment. The findings revealed that the application of Met significantly curtailed lesion diameter and decay incidence in winter jujube fruit. The peroxidase (POD) activity in the Met-treated jujubes was 3.06-fold that in the control jujubes after 4 d of treatment. By day 8, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) in the Met-treated jujubes had surged to their zenith, being 1.39, 1.22, and 1.52 times in the control group, respectively. At the end of storage, the flavonoid and total phenol content remained 1.58 and 1.06 times than that of the control group. Based on metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, Met treatment upregulated 6 key differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (succinic acid, trans-ferulic acid, salicylic acid, delphinium pigments, (S)-abscisic acid, and hesperidin-7-neohesperidin), 12 key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (PAL, CYP73A, COMT, 4CL, CAD, POD, UGT72E, ANS, CHS, IAA, TCH4 and PR1), which were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Further analysis revealed that the most of the enzymes, DEMs and DEGs in this study were associated with both antioxidant and disease resistance. Consequently, Met treatment enhanced disease resistance of winter jujube fruit by elevating antioxidant capacity and triggering defense response. This study might provide theoretical support for utilizing Met in the management and prevention of post-harvest black rot in winter jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Shengwang Li
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Xianran Zhu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Youwei Yu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China.
| | - Shaoying Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China.
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2
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Wang Z, Han Y, Zhang L, Ye Y, Wei L, Li L. The utilization of a data fusion approach to investigate fingerprint profiles of dark tea from China's different altitudes. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101447. [PMID: 38779497 PMCID: PMC11108843 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dark tea refers to a kind of post-fermented product, and its quality and price vary owing to the distinct altitudes at which it grows. In this study, a novel method based on high performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was proposed for the classification of dark teas from distinct altitudes in China. Through implementing a strategy fusing feature-level data to construct a combined dataset, the classification performance of dark teas from distinct altitudes in China was evaluated after preprocessing. The results suggested that, through the feature fusion strategy, the identification accuracy rate increased from <70% of a single detector to 76.923%. After the implementation of preprocessing, the identification accuracy rate was further improved. Typically, the model identification accuracy rate after short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) treatment reached 92.85%, and the AUROC value was higher than 0.84, exhibiting a favorable generalization ability. This study provides a new thinking for the identification technology of dark teas from different altitudes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Wang
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; Tea Industry Engineering Center of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Yuanxi Han
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Liyou Zhang
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; Tea Industry Engineering Center of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Yongxiang Ye
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; Tea Industry Engineering Center of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Liang Li
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, China
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3
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Sørensen MB, Møller JK, Strube ML, Gotfredsen CH. Designing optimal experiments in metabolomics. Metabolomics 2024; 20:69. [PMID: 38941008 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics data is often complex due to the high number of metabolites, chemical diversity, and dependence on sample preparation. This makes it challenging to detect significant differences between factor levels and to obtain accurate and reliable data. To address these challenges, the use of Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques in the setup of metabolomic experiments is crucial. DoE techniques can be used to optimize the experimental design space, ensuring that the maximum amount of information is obtained from a limited sample space. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims at providing a baseline workflow for applying DoE when generating metabolomics data. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review provides insights into the theory of DoE. The review showcases the theory being put into practice by highlighting different examples DoE being applied in metabolomics throughout the literature, considering both targeted and untargeted metabolomic studies in which the data was acquired using both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques. In addition, the review presents DoE concepts not currently being applied in metabolomics, highlighting these as potential future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathies Brinks Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Jan Kloppenborg Møller
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Asmussens Allé, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Held Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Hovedstaden, Denmark.
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Martínez-Moreno A, Pérez-Porras P, Bautista-Ortín AB, Gómez-Plaza E, Vallejo F. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Based on LC-QTOF-MS to Investigate the Phenolic Composition of Red and White Wines Elaborated from Sonicated Grapes. Foods 2024; 13:1761. [PMID: 38890989 PMCID: PMC11171528 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasounds are considered an emerging technology in the wine industry. Concretely, in 2019, the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) officially approved their use for the treatment of crushed grapes to increase the level of phenolic compound extraction. The main objective of this study was to validate an untargeted metabolomics approach as an analytical tool for identifying novel markers associated with sonication. To do so, the influence of a sonication treatment on the metabolic profile was studied in four typically commercial varietal wines, i.e., two red wines from 'Syrah' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes and two white wines from 'Macabeo' and 'Airén' grapes. A robust classification and prediction model was created employing supervised techniques such as partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The findings indicated that the grapes subjected to high-power ultrasound conditions experienced cell wall disruption due to the cavitation phenomenon, resulting in significant changes in various phenolic compounds (including hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids) present in these wines compared to wines from non-sonicated grapes. Additionally, new metabolites were tentatively identified through untargeted metabolomics techniques. This study represents the successful application of the untargeted metabolomics approach employing a UHPLC-QTOF system to discern how grape sonication affects bioactive secondary metabolites in wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
| | - Paula Pérez-Porras
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
| | - Ana Belén Bautista-Ortín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
| | - Encarna Gómez-Plaza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
| | - Fernando Vallejo
- Metabolomic Platform, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Vion C, Le Mao I, Yeramian N, Muro M, Bernard M, Da Costa G, Richard T, Marullo P. Targeted 1-H-NMR wine analyses revealed specific metabolomic signatures of yeast populations belonging to the Saccharomyces genus. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104463. [PMID: 38431337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the non-volatile metabolomic variability of a large panel of strains (44) belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces uvarum species in the context of the wine alcoholic fermentation. For the S. cerevisiae strains flor, fruit and wine strains isolated from different anthropic niches were compared. This phenotypic survey was achieved with a special focus on acidity management by using natural grape juices showing opposite level of acidity. A 1H NMR based metabolomics approach was developed for quantifying fifteen wine metabolites that showed important quantitative variability within the strains. Thanks to the robustness of the assay and the low amount of sample required, this tool is relevant for the analysis of the metabolomic profile of numerous wines. The S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum species displayed significant differences for malic, succinic, and pyruvic acids, as well as for glycerol and 2,3-butanediol production. As expected, S. uvarum showed weaker fermentation fitness but interesting acidifying properties. The three groups of S. cerevisiae strains showed different metabolic profiles mostly related to their production and consumption of organic acids. More specifically, flor yeast consumed more malic acid and produced more acetic acid than the other S. cerevisiae strains which was never reported before. These features might be linked to the ability of flor yeasts to shift their metabolism during wine oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vion
- Biolaffort, Bordeaux, France; UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France
| | - Ines Le Mao
- UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France
| | - Nadine Yeramian
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science-University of Burgos, Spain
| | - Maïtena Muro
- Biolaffort, Bordeaux, France; UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France
| | - Margaux Bernard
- Biolaffort, Bordeaux, France; UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France
| | - Grégory Da Costa
- UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France
| | - Tristan Richard
- UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France
| | - Philippe Marullo
- Biolaffort, Bordeaux, France; UMR 1366 Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, BSA, ISVV, France.
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6
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Yin XL, Peng ZX, Pan Y, Lv Y, Long W, Gu HW, Fu H, She Y. UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomic authentication of Chinese red wines according to their grape varieties. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113923. [PMID: 38309902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Wine is a very popular alcoholic drink owing to its health benefits of antioxidant effects. However, profits-driven frauds of wine especially false declarations of variety frequently occurred in markets. In this work, an UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was developed for metabolite profiling of 119 bottles of Chinese red wines from four varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Gernischt, and Pinot Noir). The metabolites of red wines from different varieties were assessed using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and analyzed using KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. Results showed that the differential compounds among different varieties of red wines are mainly flavonoids, phenols, indoles and amino acids. The KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that indoles metabolism and flavonoids metabolism are closely related to wine varieties. Based on the differential compounds, OPLS-DA models could identify external validation wine samples with a total correct rate of 90.9 % in positive ionization mode and 100 % in negative ionization mode. This study indicated that the developed untargeted metabolomics method based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS is a potential tool to identify the varieties of Chinese red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yin
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Peng
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Wolfberry and Wine for State Administration for Market Regulation, Ningxia Food Testing and Research Institute, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wanjun Long
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui-Wen Gu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Haiyan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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7
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Wang L, Yin H, Shao X, Zhang Z, Zhong X, Wei R, Ding Y, Wang H, Li H. Improving the aging aroma profiles of Italian Riesling and Petit Verdot Wines: Impact of spontaneous and inoculated fermentation processes. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100978. [PMID: 37954144 PMCID: PMC10633531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study employed gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to differentiate between wines undergoing spontaneous fermentation and inoculated fermentation, with aging periods of 3, 9, and 15 months. The results indicate that throughout the three aging periods, there was a notable increase in the levels of ethyl hexanoate (Monomer, M), 2-methyl butanal, ethyl octanoate (M), ethyl octanoate (Dimer, D), propyl acetate, and 3-methylbutanal in the spontaneous Italian Riesling wine (RS). Furthermore, the compounds isoamyl acetate (M), ethyl formate (D), 4-methyl-2-pentanone (M), and ethyl formate (M) demonstrated the highest concentrations at 15 months in RS, accordingly, these compounds displayed a consistent upward trend throughout the aging period. A total of 14 volatile compounds exhibited an upward trend from 3 to 15 months in the spontaneous fermentation of Petit Verdot Wine (VS). Subsequently, these compounds attained their maximum levels. Spontaneous fermentation effectively enhances the aromatic characteristics of wines, consequently improving their capacity for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haining Yin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuedong Shao
- Junding Winery Co., LTD., Penglai 265600, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Junding Winery Co., LTD., Penglai 265600, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhong
- Junding Winery Co., LTD., Penglai 265600, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruteng Wei
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yinting Ding
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
- Junding Winery Co., LTD., Penglai 265600, Shandong Province, China
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8
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Nicolas S, Bois B, Billet K, Romanet R, Bahut F, Uhl J, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gougeon RD. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics for Increased Grape Juice Metabolite Coverage. Foods 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38201082 PMCID: PMC10778666 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of the juice from grape berries is at the basis of the definition of technological ripeness before harvest, historically evaluated from global sugar and acid contents. If many studies have contributed to the identification of other primary and secondary metabolites in whole berries, deepening knowledge about the chemical composition of the sole flesh of grape berries (i.e., without considering skins and seeds) at harvest is of primary interest when studying the enological potential of widespread grape varieties producing high-added-value wines. Here, we used non-targeted DI-FT-ICR-MS and RP-UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS analyses to explore the extent of metabolite coverage of up to 290 grape juices from four Vitis vinifera grape varieties, namely Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Meunier, and Aligoté, sampled at harvest from 91 vineyards in Europe and Argentina, over three successive vintages. SPE pretreatment of samples led to the identification of more than 4500 detected C,H,O,N,S-containing elemental compositions, likely associated with tens of thousands of distinct metabolites. We further revealed that a major part of this chemical diversity appears to be common to the different juices, as exemplified by Pinot noir and Chardonnay samples. However, it was possible to build significant models for the discrimination of Chardonnay from Pinot noir grape juices, and of Chardonnay from Aligoté grape juices, regardless of the geographical origin or the vintage. Therefore, this metabolomic approach opens access to a remarkable holistic molecular description of the instantaneous composition of such a biological matrix, which is the result of complex interplays among environmental, biochemical, and vine growing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Nicolas
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Benjamin Bois
- Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Kevin Billet
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Rémy Romanet
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
- DIVVA Platform, PAM UMR A 02.102, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Florian Bahut
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (P.S.-K.)
- Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Régis D. Gougeon
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
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9
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De Rosso M, Panighel A, Migliaro D, Possamai T, De Marchi F, Velasco R, Flamini R. The pivotal role of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the study of grape glycosidic volatile precursors for the selection of grapevines resistant to mildews. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4961. [PMID: 37461255 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A breeding program to produce new grape varieties tolerant to main vine fungal pathogens (Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator) is carrying out by crossing Vitis vinifera cv. "Glera" with resistant genotypes such as "Solaris," "Bronner," and "Kunleany." Firstly, resistance gene-based markers analyses allowed the identification of five genotypes, which have inherited the resistance loci against mildews. To select those that also inherited the phenotype as close as possible to 'Glera' suitable to be introduced in the Prosecco wine production protocols, the grape glycosidic derivatives were studied by UHPLC/QTOF mass spectrometry. Targeted identification of the metabolites was performed using a database expressly constructed by including the glycosidic volatile precursors previously identified in grape and wine. A total of 77 glycosidic derivatives including many aroma precursors and some variety markers, were identified. Original resistant genotypes had distinct metabolomic profiles and different to 'Glera', while the crossings showed varying similarity degrees to V. vinifera parent. Findings demonstrated the Glera × Bronner and Glera × Solaris crossings are more suitable to produce high-sustainable Prosecco wines. Coupling of glycosidic volatile precursors profiling to multivariate statistical analysis was effective for phenotypic characterization of grapes and to evaluate their enological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko De Rosso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
| | - Annarita Panighel
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
| | - Daniele Migliaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
| | - Tyrone Possamai
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Chemistry & Metabolomics Lab, Treviso, Italy
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10
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Denchai S, Sasomsin S, Prakitchaiwattana C, Phuenpong T, Homyog K, Mekboonsonglarp W, Settachaimongkon S. Influence of Different Types, Utilization Times, and Volumes of Aging Barrels on the Metabolite Profile of Red Wine Revealed by 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:6716. [PMID: 37764490 PMCID: PMC10534683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that the aging process is a critical step in winemaking because it induces substantial chemical changes linked to the organoleptic properties and stability of the finished wines. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of different types, utilization times, and volumes of aging barrels on the metabolite profile of red wines, produced from Thai-grown Shiraz grapes, using a non-targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics approach. As a result, 37 non-volatile polar metabolites including alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and low-molecular-weight phenolics were identified. Chemometric analysis allowed the discrimination of wine metabolite profiles associated with different types of aging containers (oak barrels vs. stainless-steel tanks), as well as the utilization times (2, 6 and >10 years old) and volumes (225, 500 and 2000 L) of the wooden barrels employed. Significant variations in the concentration of formate, fumarate, pyruvate, succinate, citrate, gallate, acetate, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, γ-aminobutyrate, methionine and choline were statistically suggested as indicators accountable for the discrimination of samples aged under different conditions. These feature biomarkers could be applied to manipulate the use of aging containers to achieve the desired wine maturation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwanan Denchai
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suppached Sasomsin
- Innovation & Winemaking Division, Siam Winery Company Limited, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand;
| | | | - Thanitaporn Phuenpong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kunaporn Homyog
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp
- Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Center (STREC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sarn Settachaimongkon
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Emerging Processes for Food Functionality Design Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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11
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Gardiman M, De Rosso M, De Marchi F, Flamini R. Metabolomic profiling of different clones of vitis vinifera L. cv. "Glera" and "Glera lunga" grapes by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolomics 2023; 19:25. [PMID: 36976385 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosecco wine production has been strongly extended in the last decade and several new clones have been introduced. "Glera" (minimum 85%) and "Glera lunga" are grape varieties of great economic impact used to produce Prosecco wines. Study of grape berry secondary metabolites is effective in the classification of vine varieties and clones. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides complete panorama of these metabolites in single analysis and coupling to statistical multivariate analysis is successfully applied in vine chemotaxonomy. OBJECTIVES update and deepen the knowledge on the "Glera" and "Glera lunga" berry grapes chemotaxonomy and investigate some of the most produced and marketed clones by using the modern analytical and statistical tools. METHODS five clones of "Glera" and two of "Glera lunga" grown in the same vineyard with same agronomical practices were studied for three vintages. Grape berry metabolomics was characterized by UHPLC/QTOF and multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the signals of main metabolites of oenological interest. RESULTS "Glera" and "Glera lunga" showed different monoterpene profiles ("Glera" is richer in glycosidic linalool and nerol) and differences in polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin and procyanidins, trans-feruloyltartaric acid, E-ε-viniferin, isorhamnetin-glucoside, quercetin galactoside). Vintage affected the accumulation of these metabolites in berry. No statistical differentiation among the clones of each variety, was found. CONCLUSIONS Coupling HRMS metabolomics/statistical multivariate analysis enabled clear differentiation between the two varieties. The examined clones of same variety showed similar metabolomic profiles and enological characteristics, but vineyard planting using different clones can result in more consistent final wines reducing the vintage variability linked to genotype × environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gardiman
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano (TV), 31015, Italy
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano (TV), 31015, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano (TV), 31015, Italy
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano (TV), 31015, Italy.
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12
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Sherman E, Ángeles Pozo-Bayón M, Muñoz-González C, Pinu FR. Application of untargeted volatile profiling to investigate the fate of aroma compounds during wine oral processing. Food Chem 2023; 403:134307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Bordet F, Romanet R, Bahut F, Ballester J, Eicher C, Peña C, Ferreira V, Gougeon R, Julien-Ortiz A, Roullier-Gall C, Alexandre H. Expanding the diversity of Chardonnay aroma through the metabolic interactions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cocultures. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1032842. [PMID: 36845971 PMCID: PMC9947296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast co-inoculations in winemaking are often studied in the framework of modulating the aromatic profiles of wines. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of three cocultures and corresponding pure cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the chemical composition and the sensory profile of Chardonnay wine. Coculture makes it possible to obtain completely new aromatic expressions that do not exist in the original pure cultures attributed to yeast interactions. Esters, fatty acids and phenol families were identified as affected. The sensory profiles and metabolome of the cocultures, corresponding pure cultures and associated wine blends from both pure cultures were found to be different. The coculture did not turn out to be the addition of the two pure culture wines, indicating the impact of interaction. High resolution mass spectrometry revealed thousands of cocultures biomarkers. The metabolic pathways involved in these wine composition changes were highlighted, most of them belonging to nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bordet
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France,Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France,*Correspondence: Fanny Bordet,
| | - Rémy Romanet
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France
| | - Florian Bahut
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France,Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - Jordi Ballester
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Eicher
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France
| | - Cristina Peña
- Dpt. Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente Ferreira
- Dpt. Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Régis Gougeon
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France,DIVVA (Développement Innovation Vigne Vin Aliments) Platform/PAM UMR, IUVV, Dijon, France
| | | | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- PAM UMR A 02.102, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, IUVV, Dijon, France
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14
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Untargeted Metabolomics Discriminates Grapes and Wines from Two Syrah Vineyards Located in the Same Wine Region. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of terroir in determining wine sensory properties is supported by the specific grape microbiome and metabolome, which provide distinct regional wine characteristics. In this work, the metabolic composition of grapes, must and wine of the Syrah grape variety cultivated on two sites in the same region was investigated. Concomitantly, a sensorial analysis of the produced wines was performed. Ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS/MS) was applied to identify grape and wine metabolites. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify putative biomarkers for terroir differentiation. More than 40 compounds were identified, including 28 phenolic compounds and 15 organic acids. The intensity evolution of the analyzed chemical compounds showed similar behavior during the fermentation process in both terroirs. However, the metabolic analysis of the grape, must and wine samples enabled the identification of an anthocyanin, chrysanthemin, as a putative biomarker of terroir 1. The overall sensorial quality of the wines was also evaluated, and according to the hitherto reported results, the wines from site 1 scored better than the wines from site 2. The results highlight the potential of metabolomics to assess grape and wine quality, as well as terroir association.
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15
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Mass Spectrometric Methods for Non-Targeted Screening of Metabolites: A Future Perspective for the Identification of Unknown Compounds in Plant Extracts. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyto products are widely used in natural products, such as medicines, cosmetics or as so-called “superfoods”. However, the exact metabolite composition of these products is still unknown, due to the time-consuming process of metabolite identification. Non-target screening by LC-HRMS/MS could be a technique to overcome these problems with its capacity to identify compounds based on their retention time, accurate mass and fragmentation pattern. In particular, the use of computational tools, such as deconvolution algorithms, retention time prediction, in silico fragmentation and sophisticated search algorithms, for comparison of spectra similarity with mass spectral databases facilitate researchers to conduct a more exhaustive profiling of metabolic contents. This review aims to provide an overview of various techniques and tools for non-target screening of phyto samples using LC-HRMS/MS.
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16
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Sut S, Malagoli M, Dall’Acqua S. Foliar Application of Silicon in Vitis vinifera: Targeted Metabolomics Analysis as a Tool to Investigate the Chemical Variations in Berries of Four Grapevine Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2998. [PMID: 36365453 PMCID: PMC9654429 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for the growth of various crops, but its effect on plant metabolism is still not completely elucidated. Even if Si is not classified as an essential element for plants, the literature has reported its beneficial effects in a variety of species. In this work, the influence of Si foliar application on berry composition was evaluated on four grapevine cultivars. The berries of Teroldego and Oseleta (red grapes) and Garganega and Chardonnay (white grapes) were analyzed after foliar application of silicon by comparing the treated and control groups. A targeted metabolomic approach was used that focused on secondary metabolites, amino acids, sugars, and tartaric acid. Measurements were performed using liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MSn), a LC-evaporative light scattering detector (ELDS), and LC-MS/MS methods specific for the analysis of each class of constituents. After the data collection, multivariate models, PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, were elaborated to evaluate the effect of Si application in the treated vs. control samples. Results were different for each grape cultivar. A significant increase in anthocyanins was observed in the Oseleta cultivar, with 0.48 mg g-1 FW in the untreated samples vs. 1.25 mg g-1 FW in the Si-treated samples. In Garganega, Si treatment was correlated with increased proline levels. In Chardonnay, the Si application was related to decreased tartaric acid. The results of this work show for the first time that Si induces cultivar specific changes in the berry composition in plants cultivated without an evident abiotic or biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
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17
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van Mever M, Fabjanowicz M, Mamani‐Huanca M, López‐Gonzálvez Á, Płotka‐Wasylka J, Ramautar R. Profiling of polar ionogenic metabolites in Polish wines by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1814-1821. [PMID: 35560354 PMCID: PMC9790660 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The composition of wine is determined by a complex interaction between environmental factors, genetic factors (i.e., grape varieties), and winemaking practices (including technology and storage). Metabolomics using NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and/or LC-MS has shown to be a useful approach for assessing the origin, authenticity, and quality of various wines. Nonetheless, the use of additional analytical techniques with complementary separation mechanisms may aid in the deeper understanding of wine's metabolic processes. In this study, we demonstrate that CE-MS is a very suitable approach for the efficient profiling of polar ionogenic metabolites in wines. Without using any sample preparation or derivatization, wine was analyzed using a 10-min CE-MS workflow with interday RSD values for 31 polar and charged metabolites below 3.8% and 23% for migration times and peak areas, respectively. The utility of this workflow for the global profiling of polar ionogenic metabolites in wine was evaluated by analyzing different cool-climate Polish wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlien van Mever
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Fabjanowicz
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Maricruz Mamani‐Huanca
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO)Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad San Pablo‐CEUCEU UniversitiesBoadilla del MonteSpain
| | - Ángeles López‐Gonzálvez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO)Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad San Pablo‐CEUCEU UniversitiesBoadilla del MonteSpain
| | - Justyna Płotka‐Wasylka
- Department of Analytical ChemistryChemical Faculty and BioTechMed CenterGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
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18
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Pérez D, Denat M, Pérez‐Través L, Heras JM, Guillamón JM, Ferreira V, Querol A. Generation of intra- and interspecific Saccharomyces hybrids with improved oenological and aromatic properties. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2266-2280. [PMID: 35485391 PMCID: PMC9328737 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-wine yeasts could enhance the aroma and organoleptic profile of wines. However, compared to wine strains, they have specific intolerances to winemaking conditions. To solve this problem, we generated intra- and interspecific hybrids using a non-GMO technique (rare-mating) in which non-wine strains of S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae species were crossed with a wine S. cerevisiae yeast. The hybrid that inherited the wine yeast mitochondrial showed better fermentation capacities, whereas hybrids carrying the non-wine strain mitotype reduced ethanol levels and increased glycerol, 2,3-butanediol and organic acid production. Moreover, all the hybrids produced several fruity and floral aromas compared to the wine yeast: β-phenylethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, γ-octalactone, ethyl cinnamate in both varietal wines. Sc × Sk crosses produced three- to sixfold higher polyfunctional mercaptans, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP) and 3-mercaptohexanol (3MH). We proposed that the exceptional 3MH release observed in an S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrid was due to the cleavage of the non-volatile glutathione precursor (Glt-3MH) to detoxify the cell from the presence of methylglyoxal, a compound related to the high glycerol yield reached by this hybrid. In conclusion, hybrid generation allows us to obtain aromatically improved yeasts concerning their wine parent. In addition, they reduced ethanol and increased organic acids yields, which counteracts climate change effect on grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Pérez
- Lallemand Bio S.L.Barcelona08028Spain
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza (EEA)Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza5507Argentina
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA‐CSIC)Valencia46980Spain
| | - Marie Denat
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE)Departamento de Química AnalíticaUniversidad de Zaragozac/Pedro Cerbuna 12Zaragoza50009Spain
| | - Laura Pérez‐Través
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA‐CSIC)Valencia46980Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Guillamón
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA‐CSIC)Valencia46980Spain
| | - Vicente Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE)Departamento de Química AnalíticaUniversidad de Zaragozac/Pedro Cerbuna 12Zaragoza50009Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA‐CSIC)Valencia46980Spain
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19
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Baerenzung dit Baron T, Yobrégat O, Jacques A, Simon V, Geffroy O. A novel approach to discriminate the volatilome of Vitis vinifera berries by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry analysis and chemometrics. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Yu H, Zheng D, Xie T, Xie J, Tian H, Ai L, Chen C. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics to clarify the dynamic variations in the volatile composition of Huangjiu of different ages. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1563-1574. [PMID: 35262917 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging plays an important role in the formation of aroma characteristics of Huangjiu, a traditional Chinese alcoholic beverage. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS)-based untargeted metabolomics combined with a multivariate analysis was used to investigate the dynamic variations in the aroma profile of Huangjiu during aging process and to establish the relationship between the changing volatile metabolite profiles and the age-dependent sensory attributes. A total of 144 volatile metabolites were identified by GC×GC-qMS and 63 were selected as critical metabolites based on variable importance in projection values and p-values. Based on the results of principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis, the samples of six different ages were divided into three groups: 1Y and 3Y samples, 5Y and 8Y samples, and 10Y and 15Y samples. The partial least-squares analysis results further revealed the relationship between the aromas attributes and variations of these volatile compounds. The high esters, aldehydes, and lactones contents contributed to the high intensities of the sweet and ester aroma attributes of the aged Huangjiu, while the high alcohols and ethyl esters contents contributed to the alcoholic and fruity aroma attributes of the newly brewed Huangjiu. These results improve our understanding of the chemical nature of the aroma characteristics of aged Huangjiu. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Huangjiu is often labeled with its age as a measure of quality, which influences consumers' choice. Dynamic variations in volatile compounds of Huangjiu during aging and its contribution to the aroma characteristics of Huangjiu were figured out, which will assist the industry to produce better quality aged Huangjiu for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Danwei Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Xie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixiang Tian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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21
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Khakimov B, Bakhytkyzy I, Fauhl-Hassek C, Engelsen SB. Non-volatile molecular composition and discrimination of single grape white of chardonnay, riesling, sauvignon blanc and silvaner using untargeted GC-MS analysis. Food Chem 2022; 369:130878. [PMID: 34469837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed and applied a GC-MS method aiming at molecular fingerprinting of 120 commercial single grape white wines (Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Silvaner) for possible authentication according to grape variety. The method allowed detection of 372 peaks and tentative identification of 146 metabolites including alcohols, organic acids, esters, amino acids and sugars. The grape variety effect explained 8.3% of the total metabolite variation. Univariate tests showed two-thirds of the metabolites being different between grape varieties. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis based classification models were developed for each grape variety and a panel of classifiers (42 metabolites) was established. All the classification models for grape variety showed a high certainty (>91%) for an independent test set. Riesling contained the highest relative concentrations of sugars and organic acids, while concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and gallic acid, common antioxidants in wine, decreased in the order of Chardonnay > Riesling > Sauvignon Blanc > Silvaner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark.
| | - Inal Bakhytkyzy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Carsten Fauhl-Hassek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Head of Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability Department Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
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22
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Evaluation Study on Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage Using High Pressure CO2 + H2O: A Fuzzy Logic Model and Metabolomic Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a fuzzy logic model was developed to elucidate the extraction performance of high-pressure CO2 + H2O compared with traditional H2O extraction and aqueous ethanol extraction. The high-pressure CO2 + H2O group acquired the highest comprehensive score considering yield, quality and stability. Both targeted and untargeted metabolomics results proved that the polarity of water was slightly modified; in particular, with the evidence from the untargeted metabolomics data, a higher proportion of water-insoluble compounds (2-methylindole, 3-formylindole, guanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) obtained by high-pressure CO2 + H2O extraction compared with traditional H2O extraction has been reported for the first time. Finally, the “3I” extraction mechanism of high-pressure CO2 + H2O is proposed, which offers an improvement in the solid–liquid mass transfer efficiency of phytochemicals, improving the polarity of solution and the isolation of O2.
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23
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Zhang P, Carlin S, Franceschi P, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U. Application of a Target-Guided Data Processing Approach in Saturated Peak Correction of GC×GC Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1941-1948. [PMID: 35050571 PMCID: PMC8811747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Detector and column
saturations are problematic in comprehensive
two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) data analysis. This
limits the application of GC×GC in metabolomics research. To
address the problems caused by detector and column saturations, we
propose a two-stage data processing strategy that will incorporate
a targeted data processing and cleaning approach upstream of the “standard”
untargeted analysis. By using the retention time and mass spectrometry
(MS) data stored in a library, the annotation and quantification of
the targeted saturated peaks have been significantly improved. After
subtracting the nonperfected signals caused by saturation, peaks of
coelutes can be annotated more accurately. Our research shows that
the target-guided method has broad application prospects in the data
analysis of GC×GC chromatograms of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Zhang
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.,Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.,Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
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24
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Poma G, Cuykx M, Da Silva KM, Iturrospe E, van Nuijs AL, van Huis A, Covaci A. Edible insects in the metabolomics era. First steps towards the implementation of entometabolomics in food systems. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Selamat J, Rozani NAA, Murugesu S. Application of the Metabolomics Approach in Food Authentication. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247565. [PMID: 34946647 PMCID: PMC8706891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The authentication of food products is essential for food quality and safety. Authenticity assessments are important to ensure that the ingredients or contents of food products are legitimate and safe to consume. The metabolomics approach is an essential technique that can be utilized for authentication purposes. This study aimed to summarize food authentication through the metabolomics approach, to study the existing analytical methods, instruments, and statistical methods applied in food authentication, and to review some selected food commodities authenticated using metabolomics-based methods. Various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, etc., were used to obtain previous research works relevant to the objectives. The review highlights the role of the metabolomics approach in food authenticity. The approach is technically implemented to ensure consumer protection through the strict inspection and enforcement of food labeling. Studies have shown that the study of metabolomics can ultimately detect adulterant(s) or ingredients that are added deliberately, thus compromising the authenticity or quality of food products. Overall, this review will provide information on the usefulness of metabolomics and the techniques associated with it in successful food authentication processes, which is currently a gap in research that can be further explored and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinap Selamat
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-97691146
| | | | - Suganya Murugesu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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26
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Molina J, Nikolic D, Jeevarathanam JR, Abzalimov R, Park EJ, Pedales R, Mojica ERE, Tandang D, McLaughlin W, Wallick K, Adams J, Novy A, Pell SK, van Breemen RB, Pezzuto JM. Living with a giant, flowering parasite: metabolic differences between Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. (Vitaceae) shoots uninfected and infected with Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) and potential applications for propagation. PLANTA 2021; 255:4. [PMID: 34841446 PMCID: PMC8627921 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites in Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma were compared which may have applications in Rafflesia propagation. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, here reported for the first time in Vitaceae, were abundant in non-infected shoots and may be a form of defense. In Rafflesia-infected shoots, oxylipins, which mediate immune response, were elevated. Endemic to the forests of Southeast Asia, Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) is a genus of holoparasitic plants producing the largest flowers in the world, yet completely dependent on its host, the tropical grape vine, Tetrastigma. Rafflesia species are threatened with extinction, making them an iconic symbol of plant conservation. Thus far, propagation has proved challenging, greatly decreasing efficacy of conservation efforts. This study compared the metabolites in the shoots of Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma loheri to examine how Rafflesia infection affects host metabolomics and elucidate the Rafflesia infection process. Results from LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis showed benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were naturally more abundant in non-infected shoots and are here reported for the first time in the genus Tetrastigma, and in the grape family, Vitaceae. These metabolites have been implicated in plant defense mechanisms and may prevent a Rafflesia infection. In Rafflesia-infected shoots, oxygenated fatty acids, or oxylipins, and a flavonoid, previously shown involved in plant immune response, were significantly elevated. This study provides a preliminary assessment of metabolites that differ between Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma hosts and may have applications in Rafflesia propagation to meet conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanmaire Molina
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rinat Abzalimov
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Facility, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ronniel Pedales
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Elmer-Rico E Mojica
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danilo Tandang
- Philippine National Herbarium (PNH), Botany Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Academia Sinica, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kyle Wallick
- United States Botanic Garden, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James Adams
- United States Botanic Garden, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ari Novy
- San Diego Botanic Garden, Encinitas, CA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan K Pell
- United States Botanic Garden, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - John M Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
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27
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Das PR, Darwish AG, Ismail A, Haikal AM, Gajjar P, Balasubramani SP, Sheikh MB, Tsolova V, Soliman KFA, Sherif SM, El-Sharkawy I. Diversity in blueberry genotypes and developmental stages enables discrepancy in the bioactive compounds, metabolites, and cytotoxicity. Food Chem 2021; 374:131632. [PMID: 34823937 PMCID: PMC8790722 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eight blueberry cultivars at three developmental stages were investigated for metabolite profiling, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Cultivars- and developmental stages-variations were determined in total phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant assays. The anticancer capacity was equal against A549, HepG2, and Caco-2 cancer cells, whereas the inhibition rate was dose-, incubation period-, cultivar-, and developmental stages-dependent. The untargeted metabolite profiling by UPLC-TOF-MS analysis of two contrast cultivars, 'Vernon' and 'Star', throughout the developmental stages revealed 328 metabolites; the majority of them were amino acids, organic acids, and flavonoids. The multivariate statistical analysis identified five metabolites, including quinic acid, methyl succinic acid, chlorogenic acid, oxoadipic acid, and malic acid, with positively higher correlations with all anticancer activities. This comprehensive database of blueberry metabolites along with anticancer activities could be targeted as natural anticancer potentials. This study would be of great value for food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries as well as plant biotechnologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protiva Rani Das
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Ahmed G Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Behera, Egypt
| | - Amr M Haikal
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Behera, Egypt
| | - Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Subramani Paranthaman Balasubramani
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, GA 31705, USA
| | - Mehboob B Sheikh
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Sherif M Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA.
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
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28
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Bordet F, Roullier-Gall C, Ballester J, Vichi S, Quintanilla-Casas B, Gougeon RD, Julien-Ortiz A, Kopplin PS, Alexandre H. Different Wines from Different Yeasts? " Saccharomyces cerevisiae Intraspecies Differentiation by Metabolomic Signature and Sensory Patterns in Wine". Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112327. [PMID: 34835452 PMCID: PMC8620830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic fermentation is known to be a key stage in the winemaking process that directly impacts the composition and quality of the final product. Twelve wines were obtained from fermentations of Chardonnay must made with twelve different commercial wine yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our study, FT-ICR-MS, GC-MS, and sensory analysis were combined with multivariate analysis. Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (uHRMS) was able to highlight hundreds of metabolites specific to each strain from the same species, although they are characterized by the same technological performances. Furthermore, the significant involvement of nitrogen metabolism in this differentiation was considered. The modulation of primary metabolism was also noted at the volatilome and sensory levels. Sensory analysis allowed us to classify wines into three groups based on descriptors associated with white wine. Thirty-five of the volatile compounds analyzed, including esters, medium-chain fatty acids, superior alcohols, and terpenes discriminate and give details about differences between wines. Therefore, phenotypic differences within the same species revealed metabolic differences that resulted in the diversity of the volatile fraction that participates in the palette of the sensory pattern. This original combination of metabolomics with the volatilome and sensory approaches provides an integrative vision of the characteristics of a given strain. Metabolomics shine the new light on intraspecific discrimination in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bordet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin (IUVV), Rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (C.R.-G.); (R.D.G.); (H.A.)
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, CEDEX, 31700 Blagnac, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin (IUVV), Rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (C.R.-G.); (R.D.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Jordi Ballester
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Stefania Vichi
- Food Science and Gastronomy Department, University of Barcelona, Nutrition, INSA (Institut de Recerca en Nutricio I Seguretat Alimentaria), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.V.); (B.Q.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Quintanilla-Casas
- Food Science and Gastronomy Department, University of Barcelona, Nutrition, INSA (Institut de Recerca en Nutricio I Seguretat Alimentaria), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.V.); (B.Q.-C.)
| | - Régis D. Gougeon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin (IUVV), Rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (C.R.-G.); (R.D.G.); (H.A.)
- DIVVA (Développement Innovation Vigne Vin Aliments) Platform/PAM UMR, IUVV, Rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Julien-Ortiz
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, CEDEX, 31700 Blagnac, France;
| | - Philippe Schmitt Kopplin
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin (IUVV), Rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (C.R.-G.); (R.D.G.); (H.A.)
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29
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Awale M, Liu C, Kwasniewski MT. Workflow to Investigate Subtle Differences in Wine Volatile Metabolome Induced by Different Root Systems and Irrigation Regimes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196010. [PMID: 34641553 PMCID: PMC8512433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To allow for a broad survey of subtle metabolic shifts in wine caused by rootstock and irrigation, an integrated metabolomics-based workflow followed by quantitation was developed. This workflow was particularly useful when applied to a poorly studied red grape variety cv. Chambourcin. Allowing volatile metabolites that otherwise may have been missed with a targeted analysis to be included, this approach allowed deeper modeling of treatment differences which then could be used to identify important compounds. Wines produced on a per vine basis, over two years, were analyzed using SPME-GC-MS/MS. From the 382 and 221 features that differed significantly among rootstocks in 2017 and 2018, respectively, we tentatively identified 94 compounds by library search and retention index, with 22 confirmed and quantified using authentic standards. Own-rooted Chambourcin differed from other root systems for multiple volatile compounds with fewer differences among grafted vines. For example, the average concentration of β-Damascenone present in own-rooted vines (9.49 µg/L) was significantly lower in other rootstocks (8.59 µg/L), whereas mean Linalool was significantly higher in 1103P rootstock compared to own-rooted. β-Damascenone was higher in regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) than other treatments. The approach outlined not only was shown to be useful for scientific investigation, but also in creating a protocol for analysis that would ensure differences of interest to the industry are not missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Awale
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Connie Liu
- Food Science Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Misha T. Kwasniewski
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Science Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-6842
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30
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Maia M, Figueiredo A, Cordeiro C, Sousa Silva M. FT-ICR-MS-based metabolomics: A deep dive into plant metabolism. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021. [PMID: 34545595 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics involves the identification and quantification of metabolites to unravel the chemical footprints behind cellular regulatory processes and to decipher metabolic networks, opening new insights to understand the correlation between genes and metabolites. In plants, it is estimated the existence of hundreds of thousands of metabolites and the majority is still unknown. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is a powerful analytical technique to tackle such challenges. The resolving power and sensitivity of this ultrahigh mass accuracy mass analyzer is such that a complex mixture, such as plant extracts, can be analyzed and thousands of metabolite signals can be detected simultaneously and distinguished based on the naturally abundant elemental isotopes. In this review, FT-ICR-MS-based plant metabolomics studies are described, emphasizing FT-ICR-MS increasing applications in plant science through targeted and untargeted approaches, allowing for a better understanding of plant development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the discovery of new natural nutraceutical compounds. Improved metabolite extraction protocols compatible with FT-ICR-MS, metabolite analysis methods and metabolite identification platforms are also explored as well as new in silico approaches. Most recent advances in MS imaging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Maia
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab (GPS Lab), Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab (GPS Lab), Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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31
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Sherman E, Pozo-Bayón MA, Pinu FR. Application of untargeted volatile profiling and data driven approaches in wine flavoromics research. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110392. [PMID: 34112395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional flavor chemistry research usually makes use of targeted approaches by focusing on the detection and quantification of key flavor active metabolites that are present in food and beverages. In the last decade, flavoromics has emerged as an alternative to targeted methods where non-targeted and data driven approaches have been used to determine as many metabolites as possible with the aim to establish relationships among the chemical composition of foods and their sensory properties. Flavoromics has been successfully applied in wine research to gain more insights into the impact of a wide range of flavor active metabolites on wine quality. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the applications of flavoromics approaches in wine research based on existing literature mainly by focusing on untargeted volatile profiling of wines and how this can be used as a powerful tool to generate novel insights. We highlight the fact that untargeted volatile profiling used in flavoromics approaches ultimately can assist the wine industry to produce different wine styles and to market existing wines appropriately based on consumer preference. In addition to summarizing the main steps involved in untargeted volatile profiling, we also provide an outlook about future perspectives and challenges of wine flavoromics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pérez-Jiménez
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Sherman
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - M A Pozo-Bayón
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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32
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Darwish AG, Das PR, Ismail A, Gajjar P, Balasubramani SP, Sheikh MB, Tsolova V, Sherif SM, El-Sharkawy I. Untargeted Metabolomics and Antioxidant Capacities of Muscadine Grape Genotypes during Berry Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060914. [PMID: 34200012 PMCID: PMC8230005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three muscadine grape genotypes (Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small) were evaluated for their metabolite profiling and antioxidant activities at different berry developmental stages. A total of 329 metabolites were identified using UPLC-TOF-MS analysis (Ultimate 3000LC combined with Q Exactive MS and screened with ESI-MS) in muscadine genotypes throughout different developmental stages. Untargeted metabolomics study revealed the dominant chemical groups as amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and phenolics. Principal component analysis indicated that developmental stages rather than genotypes could explain the variations among the metabolic profiles of muscadine berries. For instance, catechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and gallic acid were more accumulated in ripening seeds (RIP-S). However, tartaric acid and malonic acid were more abundant during the fruit-set (FS) stage, and malic acid was more abundant in the veraison (V) stage. The variable importance in the projection (VIP > 0.5) in partial least-squares–discriminant analysis described 27 biomarker compounds, representing the muscadine berry metabolome profiles. A heatmap of Pearson’s correlation analysis between the 27 biomarker compounds and antioxidant activities was able to identify nine antioxidant determinants; among them, gallic acid, 4-acetamidobutanoic acid, trehalose, catechine, and epicatechin-3-gallate displayed the highest correlations with different types of antioxidant activities. For instance, DPPH and FRAP conferred a similar antioxidant activity pattern and were highly correlated with gallic acid and 4-acetamidobutanoic acid. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of muscadine berries at different developmental stages is of great reference value for the plant, food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Protiva Rani Das
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA;
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Subramani Paranthaman Balasubramani
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, GA 31707, USA
| | - Mehboob B. Sheikh
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA;
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (A.G.D.); (P.R.D.); (A.I.); (P.G.); (S.P.B.); (M.B.S.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-599-8685
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Development of a Wine Metabolomics Approach for the Authenticity Assessment of Selected Greek Red Wines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102837. [PMID: 34064666 PMCID: PMC8150368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine metabolomics constitutes a powerful discipline towards wine authenticity assessment through the simultaneous exploration of multiple classes of compounds in the wine matrix. Over the last decades, wines from autochthonous Greek grape varieties have become increasingly popular among wine connoisseurs, attracting great interest for their authentication and chemical characterization. In this work, 46 red wine samples from Agiorgitiko and Xinomavro grape varieties were collected from wineries in two important winemaking regions of Greece during two consecutive vintages and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS). A targeted metabolomics methodology was developed, including the determination and quantification of 28 phenolic compounds from different classes (hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids). Moreover, 86 compounds were detected and tentatively identified via a robust suspect screening workflow using an in-house database of 420 wine related compounds. Supervised chemometric techniques were employed to build an accurate and robust model to discriminate between two varieties.
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A Statistical Workflow to Evaluate the Modulation of Wine Metabolome and Its Contribution to the Sensory Attributes. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A data-processing and statistical analysis workflow was proposed to evaluate the metabolic changes and its contribution to the sensory characteristics of different wines. This workflow was applied to rosé wines from different fermentation strategies. The metabolome was acquired by means of two high-throughput techniques: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for volatile and non-volatile metabolites, respectively, in an untargeted approach, while the sensory evaluation of the wines was performed by a trained panel. Wine volatile and non-volatile metabolites modulation was independently evaluated by means of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), obtaining potential markers of the fermentation strategies. Then, the complete metabolome was integrated by means of sparse generalised canonical correlation analysis discriminant analysis (sGCC-DA). This integrative approach revealed a high link between the volatile and non-volatile data, and additional potential metabolite markers of the fermentation strategies were found. Subsequently, the evaluation of the contribution of metabolome to the sensory characteristics of wines was carried out. First, the all-relevant metabolites affected by the different fermentation processes were selected using PLS-DA and random forest (RF). Each set of volatile and non-volatile metabolites selected was then related to the sensory attributes of the wines by means of partial least squares regression (PLSR). Finally, the relationships among the three datasets were complementary evaluated using regularised generalised canonical correlation analysis (RGCCA), revealing new correlations among metabolites and sensory data.
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Solovyev PA, Fauhl-Hassek C, Riedl J, Esslinger S, Bontempo L, Camin F. NMR spectroscopy in wine authentication: An official control perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2040-2062. [PMID: 33506593 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wine authentication is vital in identifying malpractice and fraud, and various physical and chemical analytical techniques have been employed for this purpose. Besides wet chemistry, these include chromatography, isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which have been applied in recent years in combination with chemometric approaches. For many years, 2 H NMR spectroscopy was the method of choice and achieved official recognition in the detection of sugar addition to grape products. Recently, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, a simpler and faster method (in terms of sample preparation), has gathered more and more attention in wine analysis, even if it still lacks official recognition. This technique makes targeted quantitative determination of wine ingredients and nontargeted detection of the metabolomic fingerprint of a wine sample possible. This review summarizes the possibilities and limitations of 1 H NMR spectroscopy in analytical wine authentication, by reviewing its applications as reported in the literature. Examples of commercial and open-source solutions combining NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics are also examined herein, together with its opportunities of becoming an official method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Solovyev
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Carsten Fauhl-Hassek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Janet Riedl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Susanne Esslinger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Tennessee, 38010, Italy
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Ismail A, Darwish AG, Park M, Gajjar P, Tsolova V, Soliman KFA, El-Sharkawy I. Transcriptome Profiling During Muscadine Berry Development Reveals the Dynamic of Polyphenols Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:818071. [PMID: 35185966 PMCID: PMC8849228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.818071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Muscadine grapes accumulate higher amounts of bioactive phenolics compared with other grape species. To identify the molecular events associated with polyphenolic accumulation that influence antioxidant capacity, two contrasting muscadine genotypes (C5 and C6) with varied phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were investigated via RNA-sequencing during berry development. The results showed that berry development is concomitant with transcriptome profile changes, which was more pronounced at the véraison (V) stage. Despite that the downregulation pattern of gene expression dominated the upregulation through berry development, the C5 genotype maintained higher expression levels. Comparative transcript profiling allowed the identification of 94 differentially expressed genes with potential relevance in regulating fruit secondary metabolism, including 18 transcription factors and 76 structural genes. The genes underlying the critical enzymes in the modification reactions of polyphenolics biosynthetic pathway, including hydroxylation, methylation, and glycosylation were more pronounced during the immature stages of prevéraison (PrV), V, and postvéraison (PoV) in the C5 genotype, resulting in more accumulation of biologically active phenolic/flavonoid derivatives. The results suggested that muscadine grapes, as in bunch grapes (Vitis sp.); possess a similar mechanism that organizes polyphenolics accumulation; however, the set of total flavonoids (TFs) and structural genes coordinating the pathway varies between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G. Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Minkyu Park
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Islam El-Sharkawy,
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Arapitsas P, Ugliano M, Marangon M, Piombino P, Rolle L, Gerbi V, Versari A, Mattivi F. Use of Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolome To Discriminate Italian Monovarietal Red Wines, Produced in Their Different Terroirs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13353-13366. [PMID: 32271564 PMCID: PMC7997580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to register, in a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted single-batch analysis, the metabolome of 11 single-cultivar, single-vintage Italian red wines (Aglianico, Cannonau, Corvina, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Nerello, Primitivo, Raboso, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, and Teroldego) from 12 regions across Italy, each one produced in their terroirs under ad hoc legal frameworks to guarantee their quality and origin. The data provided indications regarding the similarity between the cultivars and highlighted a rich list of putative biomarkers of origin wines (pBOWs) characterizing each individual cultivar-terroir combination, where Primitivo, Teroldego, and Nebbiolo had the maximum number of unique pBOWs. The pBOWs included anthocyanins (Teroldego), flavanols (Aglianico, Sangiovese, Nerello, and Nebbiolo), amino acids and N-containing metabolites (Primitivo), hydroxycinnamates (Cannonau), and flavonols (Sangiovese). The raw data generated in this study are publicly available and, therefore, accessible and reusable as a baseline data set for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department
of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ugliano
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada le Grazie
15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department
of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Piombino
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Viale Italia, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Luca Rolle
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gerbi
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Versari
- Department
of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University
of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich
60, 47521 Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department
of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trentino, Italy
- Department
of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trentino, Italy
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Kioroglou D, Mas A, Portillo MC. Qualitative Factor-Based Comparison of NMR, Targeted and Untargeted GC-MS and LC-MS on the Metabolomic Profiles of Rioja and Priorat Red Wines. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101381. [PMID: 33003509 PMCID: PMC7600871 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine origin and ageing are two factors related to wine quality which in turn is associated to wine metabolome. Currently, new metabolomic techniques and proper statistics procedures allow accurate profiling of wine metabolome. Thus, the main goal was to evaluate different metabolomic methodologies on their ability to provide patterns on the wine metabolome based on selected factors, such as ageing of barrel-aged wine (factor time), prior usage of the barrels (factor barrel-type), and differences between wine ageing in barrels or glass bottles (factor bottled-wine). In the current study, we implement NMR, targeted and untargeted GC-MS and LC-MS metabolomic analytical techniques so as to gain insights into the volatile and nonvolatile wine metabolome composition of red wines from two cellars located in the only two Spanish Qualified Appellations of Origin; DOQ Priorat and DOCa Rioja regions. Overall, 95 differentially significant metabolites were identified facilitating the evaluation of the analytical methodologies performance and finding common trends of those metabolites depending on the considered factor. The results did not favor NMR as an effective technique on the current dataset whereas suggested LC-MS as an adequate technique for revealing differences based on the factor time, targeted GC-MS on the factor barrel-type, and untargeted GC-MS on the factor bottled-wine. Thus, a combination of different metabolomic techniques is necessary for a complete overview of the metabolome changes. These results ease the selection of the correct methodology depending on the specific factor investigated.
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Zhang P, Carlin S, Lotti C, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U. On sample preparation methods for fermented beverage VOCs profiling by GCxGC-TOFMS. Metabolomics 2020; 16:102. [PMID: 32949264 PMCID: PMC7502039 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aromas and tastes have crucial influences on the quality of fermented beverages. The determination of aromatic compounds requires global non-targeted profiling of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the beverages. However, experimental VOC profiling result depends on the chosen VOC collection method. OBJECTIVES This study aims to observe the impact of using different sample preparation techniques [dynamic headspace (DHS), vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME), multiple stir bar sorptive extraction (mSBSE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME)] to figure out the most suitable sample preparation protocol for profiling the VOCs from fermented beverages. METHODS Five common sample preparation methods were studied with beer, cider, red wine, and white wine samples. After the sample preparation, collected VOCs were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). RESULTS GCxGC oven parameters can be optimized with the Box-Behnken surface response model and response measure on peak dispersion. Due to the unavoidable column and detector saturation during metabolomic analysis, errors may happen during mass spectrum construction. Profiling results obtained with different sample preparation methods show considerable variance. Common findings occupy a small fraction of total annotated VOCs. For known fermentative aromas, best coverage can be reached by using SPME together with SPE for beer, and VALLME for wine and cider. CONCLUSIONS GCxGC-TOFMS is a promising tool for non-targeted profiling on VOCs from fermented beverages. However, a proper data processing protocol is lacking for metabolomic analysis. Each sample preparation method has a specific profiling spectrum on VOC profiling. The coverage of the VOC metabolome can be improved by combining complementary methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Zhang
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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40
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Kumar K, Schweiggert R, Patz CD. Introducing a novel procedure for peak alignment in one-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy: a prerequisite for chemometric analyses of wine samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3626-3636. [PMID: 32701111 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shifted peak positions in 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy of wine samples are inevitably occurring mainly due to variations in the sample matrix, which consists of ethanol, glycerol, carbohydrates, acids, phenolic compounds, minerals, and aroma compounds. Slight variations in pH during sample preparation or fluctuations in instrumental factors may contribute to shifted peak positions that need to be corrected before subjecting the NMR data to chemometric techniques to ensure samples are compared on the correct chemical shift scale. In the current work, a novel procedure for correcting 1H-NMR spectroscopy peak positions was developed by mapping of the raw NMR spectra on a common chemical shift axis using a simple interpolation approach. The mapping allowed a substantial correction of peak positions and subsequently reduced the computational burden in further spectral processing. Fine-tuning of the peak alignments was carried out efficiently by interval-wisely applying the correlation optimized warping (COW) algorithm. Our preceding mapping approach enabled the use of substantially simpler alignment parameters of the COW algorithm, thereby accelerating the whole peak alignment process. The developed procedure may also be suitable for facilitating NMR analyses of other sample types, such as agricultural, clinical or pharmaceutical samples in targeted or untargeted analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Kumar
- Geisenheim University, Department of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von Lade Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
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Ranaweera RKR, Gilmore AM, Capone DL, Bastian SEP, Jeffery DW. Authentication of the geographical origin of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines using spectrofluorometric and multi-element analyses with multivariate statistical modelling. Food Chem 2020; 335:127592. [PMID: 32750629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the increased risk of wine fraud, a rapid and simple method for wine authentication has become a necessity for the global wine industry. The use of fluorescence data from an absorbance and transmission excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) technique for discrimination of wines according to geographical origin was investigated in comparison to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The two approaches were applied to commercial Cabernet Sauvignon wines from vintage 2015 originating from three wine regions of Australia, along with Bordeaux, France. Extreme gradient boosting discriminant analysis (XGBDA) was examined among other multivariate algorithms for classification of wines. Models were cross-validated and performance was described in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. XGBDA classification afforded 100% correct class assignment for all tested regions using the EEM of each sample, and overall 97.7% for ICP-MS. The novel combination of A-TEEM and XGBDA was found to have great potential for accurate authentication of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranaweera K R Ranaweera
- Department of Wine and Food Science, and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide (UA), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Adam M Gilmore
- HORIBA Instruments Inc., 20 Knightsbridge Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Dimitra L Capone
- Department of Wine and Food Science, and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide (UA), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, UA, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Susan E P Bastian
- Department of Wine and Food Science, and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide (UA), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, UA, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - David W Jeffery
- Department of Wine and Food Science, and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide (UA), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, UA, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Pereira GE, Padhi EMT, Girardello RC, Medina-Plaza C, Tseng D, Bruce RC, Erdmann JN, Kurtural SK, Slupsky CM, Oberholster A. Trunk Girdling Increased Stomatal Conductance in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevines, Reduced Glutamine, and Increased Malvidin-3-Glucoside and Quercetin-3-Glucoside Concentrations in Skins and Pulp at Harvest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:707. [PMID: 32595661 PMCID: PMC7301964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Girdling is a traditional horticultural practice applied at fruit set or other phenological stages, and is used mostly as a vine management. In grapevines, it is used primarily for table grapes to improve berry weight, sugar content, color, and to promote early harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of trunk girdling applied at veraison, in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), on agronomical and physiological parameters during vine development from the onset of ripening (veraison) to harvest, and additionally to quantify the effect of girdling on primary and secondary metabolism. Girdling was applied 146 days after pruning (dap) at veraison, when berry sampling for metabolomics and agronomical evaluations commenced, with a further three sampling dates until harvest, at 156 dap (30% maturation, 10 days after girdling-dag), 181 dap (70% maturation, 35 dag), and 223 dap (commercial harvest, 77 dag). Skin/pulp and seed tissues were extracted separately and metabolomics was performed using one-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1D 1H NMR) spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). At harvest, girdling significantly increased stomatal conductance (gs) in vines, decreased glutamine concentrations, and increased anthocyanin and flavonol concentrations in the skin/pulp tissues of grape berries. Berry weight was reduced by 27% from 181 dap to harvest, and was significantly higher in grapes from girdled vines at 181 dap. Sugars, organic acids, and other amino acids in skin/pulp or seeds were not significantly different, possibly due to extra-fascicular phloem vessels transporting metabolites from leaves to the roots. Using a metabolomics approach, differences between skin/pulp and seeds tissues were meaningful, and a greater number of secondary metabolites in skin/pulp was affected by girdling than in seeds. Girdling is a simple technique that could easily be applied commercially on vine management to improve berry color and other phenolics in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano E. Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Grape & Wine, Bento Goncalves, Brazil
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emily M. T. Padhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Raul C. Girardello
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cristina Medina-Plaza
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dave Tseng
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert C. Bruce
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jesse N. Erdmann
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sahap K. Kurtural
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anita Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Special Issue on "Fruit Metabolism and Metabolomics". Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060230. [PMID: 32503284 PMCID: PMC7344593 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, knowledge about several aspects of fruit metabolism has been greatly improved. Notably, high-throughput metabolomic technologies have allowed quantifying metabolite levels across various biological processes, and identifying the genes that underly fruit development and ripening. This Special Issue is designed to exemplify the current use of metabolomics studies of temperate and tropical fruit for basic research as well as practical applications. It includes articles about different aspects of fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism before and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, and bioactive compounds involved in growth and environmental responses. The effect of genotype, stages of development or fruit tissue on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed, as well as the combination of other omics with metabolomics for fruit metabolism studies.
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PTR-ToF-MS for the Online Monitoring of Alcoholic Fermentation in Wine: Assessment of VOCs Variability Associated with Different Combinations of Saccharomyces/Non-Saccharomyces as a Case-Study. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of the alcoholic fermentation (AF) in wine is crucial to shaping product quality. Numerous variables (e.g., grape varieties, yeast species/strains, technological parameters) can affect the performances of this fermentative bioprocess. The fact that these variables are often interdependent, with a high degree of interaction, leads to a huge ‘oenological space’ associated with AF that scientists and professionals have explored to obtain the desired quality standards in wine and to promote innovation. This challenge explains the high interest in approaches tested to monitor this bioprocess including those using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as target molecules. Among direct injection mass spectrometry approaches, no study has proposed an untargeted online investigation of the diversity of volatiles associated with the wine headspace. This communication proposed the first application of proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometry coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer (PTR-ToF-MS) to follow the progress of AF and evaluate the impact of the different variables of wine quality. As a case study, the assessment of VOC variability associated with different combinations of Saccharomyces/non-Saccharomyces was selected. The different combinations of microbial resources in wine are among the main factors susceptible to influencing the content of VOCs associated with the wine headspaces. In particular, this investigation explored the effect of multiple combinations of two Saccharomyces strains and two non-Saccharomyces strains (belonging to the species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii) on the content of VOCs in wine, inoculated both in commercial grape juice and fresh grape must. The results demonstrated the possible exploitation of non-invasive PTR-ToF-MS monitoring to explore, using VOCs as biomarkers, (i) the huge number of variables influencing AF in wine, and (ii) applications of single/mixed starter cultures in wine. Reported preliminary findings underlined the presence of different behaviors on grape juice and on must, respectively, and confirmed differences among the single yeast strains ‘volatomes’. It was one of the first studies to include the simultaneous inoculation on two non-Saccharomyces species together with a S. cerevisiae strain in terms of VOC contribution. Among the other outcomes, evidence suggests that the addition of M. pulcherrima to the coupled S. cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii can modify the global release of volatiles as a function of the characteristics of the fermented matrix.
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Objective measures of grape quality: From Cabernet Sauvignon grape composition to wine sensory characteristics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pinu FR, Goldansaz SA, Jaine J. Translational Metabolomics: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. Metabolites 2019; 9:E108. [PMID: 31174372 PMCID: PMC6631405 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the latest omics technologies that has been applied successfully in many areas of life sciences. Despite being relatively new, a plethora of publications over the years have exploited the opportunities provided through this data and question driven approach. Most importantly, metabolomics studies have produced great breakthroughs in biomarker discovery, identification of novel metabolites and more detailed characterisation of biological pathways in many organisms. However, translation of the research outcomes into clinical tests and user-friendly interfaces has been hindered due to many factors, some of which have been outlined hereafter. This position paper is the summary of discussion on translational metabolomics undertaken during a peer session of the Australian and New Zealand Metabolomics Conference (ANZMET 2018) held in Auckland, New Zealand. Here, we discuss some of the key areas in translational metabolomics including existing challenges and suggested solutions, as well as how to expand the clinical and industrial application of metabolomics. In addition, we share our perspective on how full translational capability of metabolomics research can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Seyed Ali Goldansaz
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Jacob Jaine
- Analytica Laboratories Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand.
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Wine Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently wineries are facing new challenges due to actual market demands for creation of products exhibiting more individual flavors[...]
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Pinu FR, Tumanov S, Grose C, Raw V, Albright A, Stuart L, Villas-Boas SG, Martin D, Harker R, Greven M. Juice Index: an integrated Sauvignon blanc grape and wine metabolomics database shows mainly seasonal differences. Metabolomics 2019; 15:3. [PMID: 30830411 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Sauvignon Blanc (SB) grapes are cultivated widely throughout New Zealand, wines from the Marlborough region are most famous for their typical varietal combination of tropical and vegetal aromas. These wines differ in composition from season to season as well as among locations within the region, which makes the continual production of good quality wines challenging. Here, we developed a unique database of New Zealand SB grape juices and wines to develop tools to help winemakers to make blending decisions and assist in the development of new wine styles. METHODS About 400 juices were collected from different regions in New Zealand over three harvest seasons (2011-2013), which were then fermented under controlled conditions using a commercial yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118. Comprehensive metabolite profiling of these juices and wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was combined with their detailed oenological parameters and associated meteorological data. RESULTS These combined metabolomics data clearly demonstrate that seasonal variation is more prominent than regional difference in both SB grape juices and wines, despite almost universal use of vineyard irrigation to mitigate seasonal rainfall and evapotranspiration differences, Additionally, we identified a group of juice metabolites that play central roles behind these variations, which may represent chemical signatures for juice and wine quality assessment. CONCLUSION This database is the first of its kind in the world to be available for the wider scientific community and offers potential as a predictive tool for wine quality and innovation when combined with mathematical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana R Pinu
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand.
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Claire Grose
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Victoria Raw
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Abby Albright
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Lily Stuart
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Silas G Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Damian Martin
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Roger Harker
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marc Greven
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand
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