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Amudhan K, Vasanthanathan A, Thilak JAJ. Computational assessment of carbon fabric reinforced polymer made prosthetic knee: Mechanics, finite element simulations and experimental evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 40:e3827. [PMID: 38623951 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A prosthetic knee is designed to replace the functionality of an anatomical knee in transfemoral amputees. The purpose of a prosthetic knee is to restore mobility and compensate amputees for their impairment. In the present research numerical modelling and simulation of a carbon fabric reinforced polymer made polycentric prosthetic knee with four-bar mechanism was performed. Virtual prototyping with computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering software ensured geometric and structural stability of the knee design. The linkage mechanism, instantaneous centre's location and trajectory were investigated using multibody dynamics and analytical formulations. Computational simulations with a non-linear finite element model were employed with joints, contact formulations and an orthotropic material model to predict the displacement, stress formulated and life of the knee prosthesis under static and cyclic loading conditions. Finite element analysis assessed the strength and durability of knee in accordance to standards. Maximum Principal stress of 155 MPa and life expectancy of 3.1 × 106 cycles were determined for the composite knee through numerical simulations ensuring a safe design. Experimental testing was also conducted as per standards and the percentage error was estimated to be 2.52%, thereby establishing the validity of the finite element model deployed. This type of simulation-based approach can be implemented to efficiently and affordably design and prototype a prosthetic knee with desired functioning criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Amudhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
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Ma T, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang S, Long X, Zeng Q, Li Z, Ren X, Yang F. Reusable and Practical Biocomposite Based on Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 and Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber for the Efficient Bioremediation of Microcystin-LR-Contaminated Water. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:20. [PMID: 38251236 PMCID: PMC10819031 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for removing microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the application of free bacteria has limitations due to low operational stability and difficulties in recovery. In a previous study, our group successfully isolated a highly efficient MC-LR-degrading bacterium, Sphingopyxis sp. YF1, from Taihu. To enhance its practical potential in addressing MC-LR-contaminated water pollution, a novel biological material named polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber @Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 (PAN-CF@YF1) was synthesized. The immobilization conditions of strain Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 on PAN-CF surfaces were optimized using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM), which turned out to be an optimal pH of 7.6 for the culture medium, a ratio of 0.038 g of supporting materials per 100 mL of culture media, and an incubation time of 53.4 h. The resultant PAN-CF@YF1 showed a great degradation effect both for low and high concentrations of MC-LR and exhibited satisfactory cyclic stability (85.75% after six cycles). Moreover, the application of PAN-CF@YF1 in the bioreactors demonstrated effective and sustainable MC-LR removal, with a removal efficiency of 78.83% after three consecutive treatments. Therefore, PAN-CF@YF1 with high degradation activity, environmental compatibility, straightforward preparation, and recyclability shows significant application potential for the bioremediation of MC-LR-contaminated water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (T.M.)
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (T.M.)
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (T.M.)
| | - Xizi Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (T.M.)
| | - Qingyi Zeng
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (T.M.)
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (T.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Clunk MJ, Gonzalez MR, Denwood HM, Werenski JO, Sodhi A, Hoffman BA, Merchan N, Lozano-Calderon SA. A PEEK into carbon fiber: A practical guide for high performance composite polymeric implants for orthopaedic oncology. J Orthop 2023; 45:13-18. [PMID: 37822644 PMCID: PMC10562613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of carbon fiber implants in orthopaedic oncology has increased within recent years. The most widely used type of polymer is carbon fiber polyether ether ketone (CF-PEEK). Its radiolucency enables targeted radiotherapy and artifact-free tumor surveillance, which provides major advantages over metallic hardware. We aim to summarize the unique benefits within orthopaedic oncology, clinical pitfalls, and recent advancements. Methods Four representative patient cases from a single tertiary academic medical center were treated with carbon fiber implants (n = 2 nails, n = 2 plates) from 2021 to 2022. Results There were no adverse events noted during intraoperative implantation or postoperative follow up. All patients reported improvements in pain and no difficulties in ambulation. There were no instances of catastrophic failure or implant loosening. Conclusion CF implants offer a diverse array of advantages regarding its radiolucency, low scatter density, and bioinert profile. Nonetheless, further research is required to understand the long-term surgical outcomes and robustness of CF implants. Multi institutional trials could address important aspects of durability and stability over extended periods, feasibility and ease-of-use for different anatomical sites and bone quality, as well as cost-effectiveness in post-operative imaging, healthcare resource utilization, and revision rates. Providing orthopaedic surgeons with valuable insight will enable thorough clinically supported, informed decision making regarding optimal use of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilee J. Clunk
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Marcos R. Gonzalez
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hayley M. Denwood
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph O. Werenski
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alisha Sodhi
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brett A. Hoffman
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Nelson Merchan
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Santiago A. Lozano-Calderon
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Kołodziej D, Sobczak Ł, Goryński K. Innovative, simple, and green: A sample preparation method based on 3D printed polymers. Talanta 2023; 257:124380. [PMID: 36821965 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the capability of fifteen 3D printed thermoplastic polymers as novel stationary phases for the extraction of forty-three physicochemically diverse analytes from fortified human oral fluid samples. Prototype extraction devices were prepared in 96-well plate-compatible format using fused deposition modeling 3D printer. The sample preparation was performed with 5-step protocol utilizing 96-well plates and semiautomated benchtop shaker. All resulting extracts were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (operated in reversed-phase gradient elution mode) and tandem mass spectrometry (with electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer). Exceptionally favorable results were observed for three polymer types: polyamide 6 (reinforced with 15% carbon fiber), LAYFOMM-60 (polyurethane with water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol), and S-FLEX 90A (thermoplastic polyurethane). Furthermore, this study also introduces an automated and repeatable 3D printing method for the fast fabrication of high-throughput, and highly selective sample preparation devices, most of which are ready-to-use without any additional processing or chemical functionalization. As such, the proposed printing method represents a significant step towards the introduction of novel polymeric stationary phases for analytical sample preparation, thus providing laboratory personnel with a method that is safer and more convenient, while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kołodziej
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Recent Development of Nano-Carbon Material in Pharmaceutical Application: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217578. [PMID: 36364403 PMCID: PMC9654677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have attracted researchers in pharmaceutical applications due to their outstanding properties and flexible dimensional structures. Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have electrical properties, high thermal surface area, and high cellular internalization, making them suitable for drug and gene delivery, antioxidants, bioimaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering applications. There are various types of carbon nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamond, quantum dots and many more that have interesting applications in the future. The functionalization of the carbon nanomaterial surface could modify its chemical and physical properties, as well as improve drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, suppress immune response and have the ability to direct drug delivery to the targeted site. Carbon nanomaterials could also be fabricated into composites with proteins and drugs to reduce toxicity and increase effectiveness in the pharmaceutical field. Thus, carbon nanomaterials are very effective for applications in pharmaceutical or biomedical systems. This review will demonstrate the extraordinary properties of nanocarbon materials that can be used in pharmaceutical applications.
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Forouhar D, Suthakorn J. Concurrent function of high-strength dry carbon fiber as resistive heating element and thermistor in ambient air. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Zhou Z, Han X, Gao W, Li Y, Yu W, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang J, Shi R, Zhou Y, Zhao J. Fabrication and mechanical properties of different types of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone: A comparative study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105472. [PMID: 36162163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find alternative non-metallic materials as dental implants for clinical application, different types of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were fabricated and investigated. METHODS Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone fabrics were fabricated with polyetheretherketone fibers and carbon fibers. Different kinds of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were synthesized by setting specific experiment parameters of injection or hot press molding. Various mechanical tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of different carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone, pure polyetheretherketone and pure titanium. RESULTS Polyetheretherketone composites presented outstanding mechanical and thermal properties after incorporating carbon fiber. The bending and tensile strength of short carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were close to human bone, and the bending strength of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone reached 644 MPa, even higher than that of pure titanium. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites are more similar to bone tissue than titanium, and the stress shielding phenomenon may be inhibited. They may become promising materials as substitutions for titanium and prospective materials in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wanqi Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruining Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China.
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8
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Dorovskikh SI, Vikulova ES, Sergeevichev DS, Guselnikova TY, Zheravin AA, Nasimov DA, Vasilieva MB, Chepeleva EV, Saprykin AI, Basova TV, Morozova NB. Biological Studies of New Implant Materials Based on Carbon and Polymer Carriers with Film Heterostructures Containing Noble Metals. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092230. [PMID: 36140329 PMCID: PMC9496383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents pioneering results on the evaluation of noble metal film hetero-structures to improve some functional characteristics of carbon-based implant materials: carbon-composite material (CCM) and carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK). Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was successfully applied to the deposition of Ir, Pt, and PtIr films on these carriers. A noble metal layer as thin as 1 µm provided clear X-ray imaging of 1−2.5 mm thick CFR-PEEK samples. The coated and pristine CCM and CFR-PEEK samples were further surface-modified with Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) through MOCVD and physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes, respectively. The composition and microstructural features, the NPs sizes, and surface concentrations were determined. In vitro biological studies included tests for cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties. A series of samples were selected for subcutaneous implantation in rats (up to 3 months) and histological studies. The bimetallic PtIr-based heterostructures showed no cytotoxicity in vitro, but were less biocompatible due to a dense two-layered fibrous capsule. AuNP heterostructures on CFR-PEEK promoted cell proliferation in vitro and exhibited a strong inhibition of bacterial growth (p < 0.05) and high in vitro biocompatibility, especially Au/Ir structures. AgNP heterostructures showed a more pronounced antibacterial effect, while their in vivo biocompatibility was better than that of the pristine CFR-PEEK, but worse than that of AuNP heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Dorovskikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniia S. Vikulova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - David S. Sergeevichev
- «E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ya. Guselnikova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Zheravin
- «E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Nasimov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria B. Vasilieva
- «E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Chepeleva
- «E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Saprykin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara V. Basova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya B. Morozova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-3833309556
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Characterization of Carbon Nanostructures by Photoelectron Spectroscopies. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134434. [PMID: 35806559 PMCID: PMC9267296 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the scientific community experienced two revolutionary events. The first was the synthesis of single-layer graphene, which boosted research in many different areas. The second was the advent of quantum technologies with the promise to become pervasive in several aspects of everyday life. In this respect, diamonds and nanodiamonds are among the most promising materials to develop quantum devices. Graphene and nanodiamonds can be coupled with other carbon nanostructures to enhance specific properties or be properly functionalized to tune their quantum response. This contribution briefly explores photoelectron spectroscopies and, in particular, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and then turns to the present applications of this technique for characterizing carbon nanomaterials. XPS is a qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis technique. It is surface-sensitive due to its limited sampling depth, which confines the analysis only to the outer few top-layers of the material surface. This enables researchers to understand the surface composition of the sample and how the chemistry influences its interaction with the environment. Although the chemical analysis remains the main information provided by XPS, modern instruments couple this information with spatial resolution and mapping or with the possibility to analyze the material in operando conditions at nearly atmospheric pressures. Examples of the application of photoelectron spectroscopies to the characterization of carbon nanostructures will be reviewed to present the potentialities of these techniques.
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107207. [PMID: 34716730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next-generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Chudoba D, Łudzik K, Jażdżewska M. Carbon fibres as potential bone implants with controlled doxorubicin release. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2607. [PMID: 35173195 PMCID: PMC8850544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the structural characterisation of carbon fibres obtained from the carbonization of flax tow at 400°C (CFs400°C) and 1000°C (CFs1000°C) and the thermodynamic and kinetic studies of adsorption of Doxorubicin (Dox) on the fibres. The characteristic of carbon fibres and their drug adsorption and removal mechanism were investigated and compared with that of natural flax tow. All fibres were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), specific surface area analysis and Boehm titration. The results demonstrated the highest adsorption properties of CFs400°C at 323 K (qmax = 275 mg g−1). The kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model more closely, whereas the Dubinin–Radushkevich model suitably described isotherms for all fibres. Calculated parameters revealed that the adsorption process of Dox ions is spontaneous and mainly followed by physisorption and a pore-filling mechanism. The removal efficiency for carbon fibres is low due to the effect of pore-blocking and hydrophobic hydration. However, presented fibres can be treated with a base for further chemical surface modification, increasing the adsorption capacity and controlling the release tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Chudoba
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 61-614, Poland. .,Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia.
| | - Katarzyna Łudzik
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia.,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Jażdżewska
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 61-614, Poland.,Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia
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Amudhan K, Vasanthanathan A, Anish Jafrin Thilak J. An insight into Transfemoral Prostheses: Materials, modelling, simulation, fabrication, testing, clinical evaluation and performance perspectives. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:123-140. [PMID: 35142577 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2039624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Transfemoral prosthesis restores any limb amputated above the knee. Designing and developing a transfemoral prosthesis that is consistent with human performance is a tough task. While prosthetic components are widely available in the market, ongoing research is being conducted to develop parts that would restore the lost capability, taking into account numerous social, economic and technological considerations. AREAS COVERED The present paper provides a comprehensive review about the mechanical aspects and performance of transfemoral prosthesis in recent years based on the research findings on materials, manufacturing methods and evaluations for suitability of the prostheses. The fundamental terminologies as well as technical advancements are covered in order to impart a better knowledge in the area of Lower Limb prostheses. This review also provides a concise description on the role of computers, advanced software packages, sensors and other hardware components for the design, fabrication and testing of transfemoral prosthetic devices in the current environment. EXPERT OPINION The current state of lower limb prostheses and future research opportunities are summarised to address upcoming challenges. Based on survey of various research works, adapting modern technology may aid in the development of functional and cost-efficient prosthetic components with superior safety, comfort and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amudhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,626005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Vasanthanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,626005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Anish Jafrin Thilak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,626005, Tamilnadu, India
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Kołodziej D, Sobczak Ł, Goryński K. Polyamide Noncoated Device for Adsorption-Based Microextraction and Novel 3D Printed Thin-Film Microextraction Supports. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2764-2771. [PMID: 35113529 PMCID: PMC8851416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polyamide noncoated
device for adsorption-based microextraction
(PANDA microextraction) is a brand new, easy to prepare, environmentally
friendly, inexpensive, and efficient sample preparation method created
entirely with the use of 3D printing. The proposed method is based
on the extractive proprieties of the unmodified polyamide and carbon
fiber blends and is compared with the highly selective thin-film microextraction
(TFME). In addition, 3D printing was used to simplify the process
of TFME. Prototype sample preparation devices were evaluated by the
extraction of oral fluid spiked with 38 small molecules with diverse
chemical natures, such as lipophilicity in the log P range of 0.2–7.2. The samples were analyzed by high-performance
liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The results
indicate that chemically and thermally resistant 3D printed supports
can be successfully used as a cost-saving, environmentally friendly
solution for the preparation of TFME devices, alternative to the conventional
metal supports, with only marginal differences in the extraction yield
(mean = 4.0%, median = 1.8%, range = 0.0–22.3%, n = 38). Even more remarkably, in some cases, the newly proposed PANDA
microextraction method exceeded the reference TFME in terms of the
extraction efficacy and offered excellent sample cleanup as favorable
matrix effects were observed (mean = −8.5%, median = 7.5%,
range = −34.7–20.0%, n = 20). This
innovative approach paves the road to the simplified sample preparation
with the use of emerging extractive 3D printing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kołodziej
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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14
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Slepičková Kasálková N, Slepička P, Švorčík V. Carbon Nanostructures, Nanolayers, and Their Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2368. [PMID: 34578684 PMCID: PMC8466887 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of the arrangement of C atoms with the formation of different allotropes and phases has led to the discovery of several new structures with unique properties. Carbon nanomaterials are currently very attractive nanomaterials due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. One of these is the development of superconductivity, for example, in graphite intercalated superconductors, single-walled carbon nanotubes, B-doped diamond, etc. Not only various forms of carbon materials but also carbon-related materials have aroused extraordinary theoretical and experimental interest. Hybrid carbon materials are good candidates for high current densities at low applied electric fields due to their negative electron affinity. The right combination of two different nanostructures, CNF or carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, has led to some very interesting sensors with applications in electrochemical biosensors, biomolecules, and pharmaceutical compounds. Carbon materials have a number of unique properties. In order to increase their potential application and applicability in different industries and under different conditions, they are often combined with other types of material (most often polymers or metals). The resulting composite materials have significantly improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.S.K.); (V.Š.)
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15
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Bioactive Calcium Phosphate-Based Composites for Bone Regeneration. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are widely accepted biomaterials able to promote the regeneration of bone tissue. However, the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects has been considered challenging, and the development of bioceramics exhibiting enhanced bioactivity, bioresorbability and mechanical performance is highly demanded. In this respect, the tuning of their chemical composition, crystal size and morphology have been the matter of intense research in the last decades, including the preparation of composites. The development of effective bioceramic composite scaffolds relies on effective manufacturing techniques able to control the final multi-scale porosity of the devices, relevant to ensure osteointegration and bio-competent mechanical performance. In this context, the present work provides an overview about the reported strategies to develop and optimize bioceramics, while also highlighting future perspectives in the development of bioactive ceramic composites for bone tissue regeneration.
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16
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Lakard S, Pavel IA, Lakard B. Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:179. [PMID: 34204902 PMCID: PMC8229248 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are biochemical molecules that transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to a target cell, thus being essential to the function of the central and peripheral nervous system. Dopamine is one of the most important catecholamine neurotransmitters since it is involved in many functions of the human central nervous system, including motor control, reward, or reinforcement. It is of utmost importance to quantify the amount of dopamine since abnormal levels can cause a variety of medical and behavioral problems. For instance, Parkinson's disease is partially caused by the death of dopamine-secreting neurons. To date, various methods have been developed to measure dopamine levels, and electrochemical biosensing seems to be the most viable due to its robustness, selectivity, sensitivity, and the possibility to achieve real-time measurements. Even if the electrochemical detection is not facile due to the presence of electroactive interfering species with similar redox potentials in real biological samples, numerous strategies have been employed to resolve this issue. The objective of this paper is to review the materials (metals and metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers) that are frequently used for the electrochemical biosensing of dopamine and point out their respective advantages and drawbacks. Different types of dopamine biosensors, including (micro)electrodes, biosensing platforms, or field-effect transistors, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boris Lakard
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; (S.L.); (I.-A.P.)
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17
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Hejazi M, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Prawer S, Garrett DJ. Advances in Carbon-Based Microfiber Electrodes for Neural Interfacing. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:658703. [PMID: 33912007 PMCID: PMC8072048 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.658703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural interfacing devices using penetrating microelectrode arrays have emerged as an important tool in both neuroscience research and medical applications. These implantable microelectrode arrays enable communication between man-made devices and the nervous system by detecting and/or evoking neuronal activities. Recent years have seen rapid development of electrodes fabricated using flexible, ultrathin carbon-based microfibers. Compared to electrodes fabricated using rigid materials and larger cross-sections, these microfiber electrodes have been shown to reduce foreign body responses after implantation, with improved signal-to-noise ratio for neural recording and enhanced resolution for neural stimulation. Here, we review recent progress of carbon-based microfiber electrodes in terms of material composition and fabrication technology. The remaining challenges and future directions for development of these arrays will also be discussed. Overall, these microfiber electrodes are expected to improve the longevity and reliability of neural interfacing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hejazi
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Vision Research Institute, The Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- National Vision Research Institute, The Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J. Garrett
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Alves CL, Oliveira JS, Tannus A, Tarpani ACSP, Tarpani JR. Detection and Imaging of Damages and Defects in Fibre-Reinforced Composites by Magnetic Resonance Technique. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040977. [PMID: 33669603 PMCID: PMC7921926 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Defectively manufactured and deliberately damaged composite laminates fabricated with different continuous reinforcing fibres (respectively, carbon and glass) and polymer matrices (respectively, thermoset and thermoplastic) were inspected in magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Two pulse sequences were evaluated during non-destructive examination conducted in saline solution-immersed samples to simulate load-bearing orthopaedic implants permanently in contact with biofluids. The orientation, positioning, shape, and especially the size of translaminar and delamination fractures were determined according to stringent structural assessment criteria. The spatial distribution, shape, and contours of water-filled voids were sufficiently delineated to infer the amount of absorbed water if thinner image slices than this study were used. The surface texture of composite specimens featuring roughness, waviness, indentation, crushing, and scratches was outlined, with fortuitous artefacts not impairing the image quality and interpretation. Low electromagnetic shielding glass fibres delivered the highest, while electrically conductive carbon fibres produced the poorest quality images, particularly when blended with thermoplastic polymer, though reliable image interpretation was still attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine L. Alves
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13590-566, Brazil; (C.L.A.); (J.S.O.); (A.C.S.P.T.)
| | - Janete S. Oliveira
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13590-566, Brazil; (C.L.A.); (J.S.O.); (A.C.S.P.T.)
| | - Alberto Tannus
- Physics and Informatics Department, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13590-566, Brazil;
| | - Alessandra Cristina Soares P. Tarpani
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13590-566, Brazil; (C.L.A.); (J.S.O.); (A.C.S.P.T.)
| | - José R. Tarpani
- Materials Engineering Department, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13590-566, Brazil; (C.L.A.); (J.S.O.); (A.C.S.P.T.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zheng T, Huang Y, Zhang X, Cai Q, Deng X, Yang X. Mimicking the electrophysiological microenvironment of bone tissue using electroactive materials to promote its regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10221-10256. [PMID: 33084727 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The process of bone tissue repair and regeneration is complex and requires a variety of physiological signals, including biochemical, electrical and mechanical signals, which collaborate to ensure functional recovery. The inherent piezoelectric properties of bone tissues can convert mechanical stimulation into electrical effects, which play significant roles in bone maturation, remodeling and reconstruction. Electroactive materials, including conductive materials, piezoelectric materials and electret materials, can simulate the physiological and electrical microenvironment of bone tissue, thereby promoting bone regeneration and reconstruction. In this paper, the structures and performances of different types of electroactive materials and their applications in the field of bone repair and regeneration are reviewed, particularly by providing the results from in vivo evaluations using various animal models. Their advantages and disadvantages as bone repair materials are discussed, and the methods for tuning their performances are also described, with the aim of providing an up-to-date account of the proposed topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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20
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Cascos-Sanchez R, Molinero-Mourelle P, Ortega R, Agustin-Panadero R, Del Rio Highsmith J, Gomez-Polo M. Comparative In Vitro Study of the Bond Strength of Composite to Carbon Fiber Versus Ceramic to Cobalt-Chromium Alloys Frameworks for Fixed Dental Prostheses. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143173. [PMID: 32708580 PMCID: PMC7411726 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this comparative in vitro study was to assess the bond strength and mechanical failure of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites against cobalt–chrome structures with ceramic veneering. Materials and methods: A total of 24 specimens (12 per group) simulating dental prosthetic frameworks were fabricated. The experimental specimens were subjected to a thermocycling aging process and to evaluate bond strength. All specimens were subjected to a three-point bending test to fracture using a universal testing machine. Results: The cobalt–chrome/ceramic group yielded a bond strength value of 21.71 ± 2.16 MPa, while the carbon-fiber-reinforced composite group showed 14.50 ± 3.50 MPa. The failure assessment reported statistical significance between groups. Although carbon-fiber-reinforced composite group showed lower bond strength values, the chipping incidence in this group was as well lower. Conclusions: The chrome–cobalt/ceramic group showed greater bonding strength compared to the carbon-fiber-reinforced composite; most of the fractures within the cobalt–chrome/ceramic group, had no possibility of direct clinical repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Cascos-Sanchez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (J.D.R.H.); (M.G.-P.)
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (J.D.R.H.); (M.G.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rocio Ortega
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ruben Agustin-Panadero
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jaime Del Rio Highsmith
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (J.D.R.H.); (M.G.-P.)
| | - Miguel Gomez-Polo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (J.D.R.H.); (M.G.-P.)
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21
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Petersen RC, Liu PR, Reddy MS. An Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Solution for Gingival Inflammation and Bone Loss Related to Restorative Crowns. EC DENTAL SCIENCE 2020; 19:https://www.ecronicon.com/ecde/pdf/ECDE-19-01347.pdf. [PMID: 33196061 PMCID: PMC7665114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soaring gold prices have created an almost impossible void in the Dental Materials supply reserves for affordable patient posterior crowns. Fortunately, aerotech fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials in use for many diverse structural applications can be developed for dentistry to replace gold with computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology. Current dental ceramics or high-strength oxide ceramics like alumina and zirconia available for CAD/CAM have extremely poor fracture-toughness properties and can propagate microscopic cracks rapidly to sudden adverse brittle failure. As a highly promising alternative, exceptional FRC fracture toughness properties counteract brittle failure with high-strength fibers that act as major barriers to crack propagation. In addition, excellent rapid FRC CAD/CAM machining can offer one-patient appointments for single crowns. FRCs have high-strength fibers coupled into a polymer matrix with the ability to form strong covalent bonds with resin adhesives whereas ceramics do not bond well and oxide ceramics have non-reactive inert surfaces making resin bonding extremely difficult. Prominent adhesive free-radical covalent bonding by FRCs then provides a great opportunity to achieve a crown marginal reline directly on the patienťs clinical tooth for possible near zero-gap defect tolerances. To place crown gingival marginal defects in proper perspective, gaps between the tooth and crown expose luting cements that can wash out and provide space for microbial plaque growth. Bacterial toxins released from a crown-tooth interface can subsequently produce secondary decay, gingival inflammation and eventually under severe plaque environments breed periodontal disease with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Petersen
- Biomaterials and Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Perng-Ru Liu
- Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Michael S Reddy
- Office of the Dean, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, United States of America
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22
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Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. Examples are the use of CNSs for drug and protein delivery or in tools to locally dispense nucleic acids to fight tumor affections. CNSs were successfully utilized in diagnostics and in noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging devices thanks to their optical properties in the near infrared region. However, biomedical applications require a complete biocompatibility to avoid adverse reactions of the immune system and CNSs potentials for biodegradability. Water is one of the main constituents of the living matter. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantages of CNSs is their poor solubility. Surface functionalization of CNSs is commonly utilized as an efficient solution to both tune the surface wettability of CNSs and impart biocompatible properties. Grafting functional groups onto the CNSs surface consists in bonding the desired chemical species on the carbon nanoparticles via wet or dry processes leading to the formation of a stable interaction. This latter may be of different nature as the van Der Waals, the electrostatic or the covalent, the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bond etc. depending on the process and on the functional molecule at play. Grafting is utilized for multiple purposes including bonding mimetic agents such as polyethylene glycol, drug/protein adsorption, attaching nanostructures to increase the CNSs opacity to selected wavelengths or provide magnetic properties. This makes the CNSs a very versatile tool for a broad selection of applications as medicinal biochips, new high-performance platforms for magnetic resonance (MR), photothermal therapy, molecular imaging, tissue engineering, and neuroscience. The scope of this work is to highlight up-to-date using of the functionalized carbon materials such as graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and nanodiamonds in biomedical applications.
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23
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Siddiqui HA, Pickering KL, Mucalo MR. A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1813. [PMID: 30249999 PMCID: PMC6212993 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical materials constitute a vast scientific research field, which is devoted to producing medical devices which aid in enhancing human life. In this field, there is an enormous demand for long-lasting implants and bone substitutes that avoid rejection issues whilst providing favourable bioactivity, osteoconductivity and robust mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials possess a close chemical resemblance to the mineral phase of bone, which give rise to their excellent biocompatibility, so allowing for them to serve the purpose of a bone-substituting and osteoconductive scaffold. The biodegradability of HAp is low (Ksp ≈ 6.62 × 10-126) as compared to other calcium phosphates materials, however they are known for their ability to develop bone-like apatite coatings on their surface for enhanced bone bonding. Despite its favourable bone regeneration properties, restrictions on the use of pure HAp ceramics in high load-bearing applications exist due to its inherently low mechanical properties (including low strength and fracture toughness, and poor wear resistance). Recent innovations in the field of bio-composites and nanoscience have reignited the investigation of utilising different carbonaceous materials for enhancing the mechanical properties of composites, including HAp-based bio-composites. Researchers have preferred carbonaceous materials with hydroxyapatite due to their inherent biocompatibility and good structural properties. It has been demonstrated that different structures of carbonaceous material can be used to improve the fracture toughness of HAp, as they can easily serve the purpose of being a second phase reinforcement, with the resulting composite still being a biocompatible material. Nanostructured carbonaceous structures, especially those in the form of fibres and sheets, were found to be very effective in increasing the fracture toughness values of HAp. Minor addition of CNTs (3 wt.%) has resulted in a more than 200% increase in fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite-nanorods/CNTs made using spark plasma sintering. This paper presents a current review of the research field of using different carbonaceous materials composited with hydroxyapatite with the intent being to produce high performance biomedically targeted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humair A Siddiqui
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Kim L Pickering
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Michael R Mucalo
- School of Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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24
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Pinter ZW, Smith KS, Hudson PW, Jones CW, Hadden R, Elattar O, Shah A. A Retrospective Case Series of Carbon Fiber Plate Fixation of Ankle Fractures. Foot Ankle Spec 2018; 11:223-229. [PMID: 28677405 DOI: 10.1177/1938640017718343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Distal fibula fractures represent a common problem in orthopaedics. When fibula fractures require operative fixation, implants are typically made from stainless steel or titanium alloys. Carbon fiber implants have been used elsewhere in orthopaedics for years, and their advantages include a modulus of elasticity similar to that of bone, biocompatibility, increased fatigue strength, and radiolucency. This study hypothesized that carbon fiber plates would provide similar outcomes for ankle fracture fixation as titanium and steel implants. A retrospective chart review was performed of 30 patients who underwent fibular open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The main outcomes assessed were postoperative union rate and complication rate. The nonunion or failure rate for carbon fiber plates was 4% (1/24), and the union rate was 96% (23/24). The mean follow-up time was 20 months, and the complication rate was 8% (2/24). Carbon fiber plates are a viable alternative to metal plates in ankle fracture fixation, demonstrating union and complication rates comparable to those of traditional fixation techniques. Their theoretical advantages and similar cost make them an attractive implant choice for ORIF of the fibula. However, further studies are needed for extended follow-up and inclusion of larger patient cohorts. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV: Retrospective Case series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parke W Hudson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Caleb W Jones
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ryan Hadden
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Osama Elattar
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashish Shah
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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25
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Nasiri F, Ajeli S, Semnani D, Jahanshahi M, Emadi R. Design, fabrication and structural optimization of tubular carbon/Kevlar®/PMMA/graphene nanoplate composite for bone fixation prosthesis. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:045010. [PMID: 29565261 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab8d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Robinson JE, Heineman WR, Sagle LB, Meyyappan M, Koehne JE. Carbon nanofiber electrode array for the detection of lead. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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