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Kumar S, Dubey N, Kumar V, Choi I, Jeon J, Kim M. Combating micro/nano plastic pollution with bioplastic: Sustainable food packaging, challenges, and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:125077. [PMID: 39369869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of plastic in food packaging provides significant challenges due to its non-biodegradability and the risk of hazardous chemicals seeping into food and the environment. This highlights the pressing need to come up with alternatives to traditional plastic that prioritize environmental sustainability, food quality, and safety. The current study presents an up-to-date examination of micro/nano plastic (MP/NP) consumption and their associated toxicity to human health, while also considering bioplastic as safer and eco-friendly alternative materials for packaging. The study contributes to a deeper comprehension of the primary materials utilized for bioplastic manufacturing and their potential for large-scale use. The key findings underscore the distinctive features of bioplastics, such as starch, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactic acid, and polybutylene succinate, as well as their blends with active agents, rendering them suitable for innovative food packaging applications. Moreover, the study includes a discussion of insights from various scientific literature, agency reports (governmental and non-governmental), and industry trends in bioplastic production and their potential to combat MP/NP pollution. In essence, the review highlights future research directions for the safe integration of bioplastics in food packaging, addresses outstanding questions, and proposes potential solutions to challenges linked with plastic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Namo Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Lepak-Kuc S, Kądziela A, Staniszewska M, Janczak D, Jakubowska M, Bednarczyk E, Murawski T, Piłczyńska K, Żołek-Tryznowska Z. Sustainable, cytocompatible and flexible electronics on potato starch-based films. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18838. [PMID: 39138241 PMCID: PMC11322286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental concerns and climate protection are gaining increasing emphasis nowadays. A growing number of industries and scientific fields are involved in this trend. Sustainable electronics is an emerging research strand. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable or biobased raw materials can be used for the development of green flexible electronic devices, which may serve to reduce the pollution generated by plastics and electronics waste. In this work, we present cytocompatible, electrically conductive structures of nanocarbon water-soluble composites based on starch films. To accomplish this goal, potato starch-based films with glycerol as a plasticiser were developed along with a water-soluble vehicle for nanocarbon-based electroconductive pastes specifically dedicated to screen printing technology. Films were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mechanical properties and surface free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lepak-Kuc
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kądziela
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Janczak
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bednarczyk
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Murawski
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piłczyńska
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Żołek-Tryznowska
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
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Mahardika M, Masruchin N, Amelia D, Ilyas RA, Septevani AA, Syafri E, Hastuti N, Karina M, Khan MA, Jeon BH, Sari NH. Nanocellulose reinforced polyvinyl alcohol-based bio-nanocomposite films: improved mechanical, UV-light barrier, and thermal properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23232-23239. [PMID: 39049888 PMCID: PMC11267149 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04205k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reported the development and characterisation of bio-nanocomposite films based on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) reinforced with cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) of different concentrations (1-5 wt%), isolated from pineapple leaf fibre via high-shear homogenisation and ultrasonication. The PVA film and bio-nanocomposite were prepared using a solution casting method. The PVA film and bio-nanocomposite samples were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy in transmission mode, TGA, and DTG. Mechanical properties (tensile strength and strain at break) were also determined and statistical analysis was applied as well. With the incorporation of CNFs, the mechanical properties of the bio-nanocomposite were found to be significant (p ≤ 0.05), particularly the 4 wt% CNF bio-nanocomposite showed optimum properties. The tensile strength, CI, and thermal stability of this film were 28.9 MPa (increased by 28.2%), 78.7% (increased by 5.2%), and 341.8 °C (increased by 1.6%), respectively, compared to the pure PVA film. These characteristics imply that the bio-nanocomposite film has prospects as a promising material for biopackaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melbi Mahardika
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor 45363 Indonesia
| | - Nanang Masruchin
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor 45363 Indonesia
| | - Devita Amelia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Athanasia Amanda Septevani
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Komplek BRIN Cisitu Bandung 40135 Indonesia
| | - Edi Syafri
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh West Sumatra 26271 Indonesia
| | - Novitri Hastuti
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
| | - Myrtha Karina
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN and Andalas University Padang 25163 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor 45363 Indonesia
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Nasmi Herlina Sari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram Mataram 83125 Indonesia
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Deep D, Kumar Y, Bist Y, Saxena DC. Valorization of guinea grass seed (Megathyrsus maximus): Synthesis and utilization of cellulose microfiber to reinforce esterified and cross-linked guinea starch films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130434. [PMID: 38417759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study extracts starch from guinea grass seed and fiber from the starch extraction residue. The fibrous residue was chemically converted into cellulose microfiber (CMF) and used to reinforce the native, esterified and crosslinked guinea starch films. The films were developed with 5 % starch, 40 % glycerol and 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 % CMF based on the dry matter of starch. SEM images of all film samples showed good compatibility of CMF with starch molecules, and no fractures or pores were observed. Adding filler materials to modified starch films slightly increased the film thickness (0.24 to 0.30 mm) due to the high dimensions of CMF, which comprise a significant amount of the composite's volume. A synergetic effect of starch modification and CMF in films decreased the moisture content (21.98 to 9.21 %), water solubility (25.65 to 15.47 %), water vapor permeability (6.96×10-7 to 1.65×10-7g∙mm2∙day∙Pa), and elongation at the break (33.51 to 16.79 %) while increasing the tensile strength (1.84 to 3.85 MPa) and Young's modulus (5.49 to 22.93 MPa). The L* and a* values of the films decreased, and the b* and opacity values of the films increased with the addition of CMF. The XRD graph showed that all films have semicrystalline structures with peaks at 18°, 20°, and 22°, and the degree of crystallinity increases (32.3 to 55.1 %) with CMF. All film samples showed good thermal stability up to 315 °C. In conclusion, esterified starch-based films exhibited superior barrier properties and flexibility. On the contrary, cross-linked starch films demonstrated higher tensile strength and lower water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Deep
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, Punjab, India.
| | - Yograj Bist
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, Punjab, India
| | - D C Saxena
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, Punjab, India.
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Fronza P, Batista MJPA, Franca AS, Oliveira LS. Bionanocomposite Based on Cassava Waste Starch, Locust Bean Galactomannan, and Cassava Waste Cellulose Nanofibers. Foods 2024; 13:202. [PMID: 38254503 PMCID: PMC10814067 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are among the renewable sources with great potential for replacing petroleum-derived chemicals as precursors to produce biodegradable films. This study aimed to prepare biopolymeric films using starch extracted from the periderm and cortex of cassava roots (waste from cassava root processing), locust bean galactomannan, and cellulose nanofibers also obtained from cassava waste. The films were prepared by casting, and their physicochemical, mechanical, and biodegradability properties were evaluated. The content of cellulose nanofibers varied from 0.5 to 2.5%. Although the addition of cellulose nanofibers did not alter the mechanical properties of the films, it significantly enhanced the vapor barrier of the films (0.055 g mm/m2 h kPa-2.5% nanofibers) and their respective stabilities in aqueous acidic and alkaline media. All prepared films were biodegradable, with complete degradation occurring within five days. The prepared films were deemed promising alternatives for minimizing environmental impacts caused by the disposal of petroleum-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pãmella Fronza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (P.F.); (M.J.P.A.B.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Michelle J. P. A. Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (P.F.); (M.J.P.A.B.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Adriana S. Franca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (P.F.); (M.J.P.A.B.); (L.S.O.)
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (P.F.); (M.J.P.A.B.); (L.S.O.)
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Fitriani F, Aprilia S, Bilad MR, Arahman N, Usman A, Huda N, Kobun R. Optimization of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate and Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf Using Response Surface Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153006. [PMID: 35893973 PMCID: PMC9332505 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employed response surface methodology to optimize the preparation of biocomposites based on whey protein isolate, glycerol, and nanocrystalline cellulose from pineapple crown leaf. The effects of different concentrations of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler and glycerol as a plasticizer on the thickness, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break on the resulting biocomposite films were investigated. The central composite design was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions for biocomposite films with optimum properties. The regression of a second-order polynomial model resulted in an optimum composition consisting of 4% glycerol and 3.5% nanocrystalline cellulose concentrations, which showed a desirability of 92.7%. The prediction of the regression model was validated by characterizing the biocomposite film prepared based on the optimum composition, at which the thickness, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the biocomposite film were 0.13 mm, 7.16 MPa, and 39.10%, respectively. This optimum composition can be obtained in range concentrations of glycerol (4–8%) and nanocrystalline cellulose (3–7%). Scanning electron microscope images showed that nanocrystalline cellulose dispersed well in the pure whey protein isolate, and the films had a relatively smooth surface. In comparison, a rough and uneven surface results in more porous biocomposite films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that nanocrystalline cellulose and glycerol showed good compatibility with WPI film by forming hydrogen bonds. The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler also decreased the transparency, solubility, and water vapor permeability and increased the crystallinity index of the resulting biocomposite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitriani Fitriani
- Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Post Graduate Program, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Sri Aprilia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Nasrul Arahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Rovina Kobun
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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Yalçın Melikoğlu A, Hayatioğlu N, Hendekçi MC, Tekin İ, Ersus S. Development and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Enriched with Pomegranate Seed Oil and the Coating of Strawberries. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - İdil Tekin
- Ege University Food Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Seda Ersus
- Ege University Food Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir Turkey
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Dey D, Gu BJ, Ek P, Rangira I, Saunders SR, Kiszonas AM, Ganjyal GM. Apple pomace pretreated with hydrochloric acid exhibited better adherence with the corn starch during extrusion expansion. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mendes JF, Norcino LB, Manrich A, Pinheiro ACM, Oliveira JE, Mattoso LHC. Development, physical‐chemical properties, and photodegradation of pectin film reinforced with malt bagasse fibers by continuous
casting. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Bruno Norcino
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials EngineeringFederal University of Lavras Lavras Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Anny Manrich
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Agriculture (LNNA)Embrapa Instrumentation São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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Application of Cellulose Nanofibrils Isolated from an Agroindustrial Residue of Peach Palm in Cassava Starch Films. FOOD BIOPHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-020-09626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hafizulhaq F, Abral H, Kasim A, Arief S. Enhancing Functional Properties of Low Amylose Bengkoang (<i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i>) Starch Film by Ultrasonication. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadli Hafizulhaq
- Laboratory of Biocomposites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Biocomposites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University
| | - Anwar Kasim
- Departement of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University
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Abral H, Basri A, Muhammad F, Fernando Y, Hafizulhaq F, Mahardika M, Sugiarti E, Sapuan S, Ilyas R, Stephane I. A simple method for improving the properties of the sago starch films prepared by using ultrasonication treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Abral H, Kadriadi, Mahardika M, Handayani D, Sugiarti E, Muslimin AN. Characterization of disintegrated bacterial cellulose nanofibers/PVA bionanocomposites prepared via ultrasonication. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:591-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Characterization of PVA/cassava starch biocomposites fabricated with and without sonication using bacterial cellulose fiber loadings. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 206:593-601. [PMID: 30553362 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cassava starch biocomposites. The cassava starch gel with or without ultrasonic probe treatment was mixed with PVA gel then short bacterial cellulose fibers were added. The presence of the sonicated starch gel in the PVA resulted in low thermal and moisture resistance, and low transparency of the blend film. After adding the fibers thermal and moisture resistance of the sonicated biocomposite increased due to stronger hydrogen bonding between the fibers and the matrix. Tensile strength of sonicated biocomposite with 10 g fibers increased 215% compared to the sonicated blend. However, addition of the fibers to the non-sonicated blend did not significantly increase mechanical and thermal properties or moisture resistance of the biocomposite. Opacity of the non-sonicated biocomposite was lower than that of the sonicated one.
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