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Barnum CR, Paviani B, Couture G, Masarweh C, Chen Y, Huang YP, Markel K, Mills DA, Lebrilla CB, Barile D, Yang M, Shih PM. Engineered plants provide a photosynthetic platform for the production of diverse human milk oligosaccharides. NATURE FOOD 2024:10.1038/s43016-024-00996-x. [PMID: 38872016 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse class of carbohydrates which support the health and development of infants. The vast health benefits of HMOs have made them a commercial target for microbial production; however, producing the approximately 200 structurally diverse HMOs at scale has proved difficult. Here we produce a diversity of HMOs by leveraging the robust carbohydrate anabolism of plants. This diversity includes high-value and complex HMOs, such as lacto-N-fucopentaose I. HMOs produced in transgenic plants provided strong bifidogenic properties, indicating their ability to serve as a prebiotic supplement with potential applications in adult and infant health. Technoeconomic analyses demonstrate that producing HMOs in plants provides a path to the large-scale production of specific HMOs at lower prices than microbial production platforms. Our work demonstrates the promise in leveraging plants for the low-cost and sustainable production of HMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin R Barnum
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Feedstocks Division, Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Bruna Paviani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Garret Couture
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chad Masarweh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kasey Markel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Feedstocks Division, Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Minliang Yang
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Feedstocks Division, Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Hou H, Wang M, Yang S, Yang X, Sun W, Sun X, Guo Q, Debrah AA, Zhenxia D. Evaluation of Prebiotic Glycan Composition in Human Milk and Infant Formula: Profile of Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Absolute Quantification of Major Milk Oligosaccharides by UPLC-Cyclic IM-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7980-7990. [PMID: 38562102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides have attracted immense interest in the infant formula (IF) industry due to their unique health benefits for infants. There is a need for the reasonable supplementation of prebiotics in premium IF products. Herein, we characterized the profile of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in human milk (HM) and IF using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-cyclic ion mobility-mass spectrometry (UPLC-cIM-MS) technique. Additionally, we further performed a targeted quantitative analysis of five essential HM oligosaccharides (HMOs) in HM (n = 196), IF (n = 50), and raw milk of IF (n = 10) by the high-sensitivity UPLC-MS/MS method. HM exhibited a more abundant and variable HMO composition (1183.19 to 2892.91 mg/L) than IF (32.91 to 56.31 mg/L), whereas IF contained extra GOS species and non-negligible endogenous 3'-sialyllactose. This also facilitated the discovery of secretor features within the Chinese population. Our study illustrated the real disparity in the prebiotic glycome between HM and IF and provided crucial reference for formula improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Hou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuya Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Jinghai Industrial Park, 156 Jinghai 4th Road, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Jinghai Industrial Park, 156 Jinghai 4th Road, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Xuechun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Augustine Atta Debrah
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Du Zhenxia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
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Liu F, Tol AJ, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH, van der Beek EM, van Leeuwen SS. Characterization of milk oligosaccharide and sialic acid content and their influence on brain sialic acid in a lean mouse model for gestational diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24539. [PMID: 38317966 PMCID: PMC10839809 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and sialic acids (Sia) are bioactive components in milk that contribute to newborn development and health. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) can have adverse effects on both mother and infant. HIP is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Inflammation influenced glycan composition, particularly of Sia-containing structures. We hypothesize that HIP and high-fat diet influence milk oligosaccharide composition, particularly sialylated oligosaccharides. Furthermore, we propose that milk Sia content influences pup brain Sia content. To test these hypotheses we (i) characterize mouse milk oligosaccharides and Sia concentrations in mouse milk of a GDM mouse model with dietary fat intake intervention; and (ii) determine Sia levels in offspring brains. The concentrations of oligosaccharides and Sia in mouse milk and offspring's brains were quantified using UPLC-FLD analysis. Analyses were performed on surplus samples from a previous study, where HIP was induced by combining high-fat diet (HF) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin injections in C57Bl/6NTac female mice. The previous study described the metabolic effects of HIP on dams and offspring. We detected 21 mouse milk oligosaccharides, including 9 neutral and 12 acidic structures using UPLC-MS. A total of 8 structures could be quantified using UPLC-FLD. Maternal HIP and HF diet during lactation influenced sialylated oligosaccharide concentrations in mouse milk and total and free sialic acid concentrations. Sia content in offspring brain was associated with total and free Neu5Gc in mouse milk of dams, but no correlations with HIP or maternal diet were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angela J.C. Tol
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Golden RK, Sutkus LT, Donovan SM, Dilger RN. Dietary supplementation of 3'-sialyllactose or 6'-sialyllactose elicits minimal influence on cognitive and brain development in growing pigs. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1337897. [PMID: 38268796 PMCID: PMC10806065 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1337897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), such as 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), are abundant throughout lactation and at much higher concentrations than are present in bovine milk or infant formulas. Previous studies have suggested that sialylated HMO may have neurocognitive benefits in early life. Recent research has focused on infant formula supplementation with key nutrients and bioactives to narrow the developmental gap between formula-fed and breastfed infants. Herein, we investigated the impact of supplemental 3'-SL or 6'-SL on cognitive and brain development at two time-points [postnatal days (PND) 33 and 61]. Two-day-old piglets (N = 75) were randomly assigned to commercial milk replacer ad libitum without or with 3'-SL or 6'-SL (added in a powdered form at a rate of 0.2673% on an as-is weight basis). Cognitive development was assessed via novel object recognition and results were not significant at both time-points (p > 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess structural brain development. Results varied between scan type, diet, and time-point. A main effect of diet was observed for absolute volume of white matter and 9 other regions of interest (ROI), as well as for relative volume of the pons on PND 30 (p < 0.05). Similar effects were observed on PND 58. Diffusion tensor imaging indicated minimal differences on PND 30 (p > 0.05). However, several dietary differences across the diffusion outcomes were observed on PND 58 (p < 0.05) indicating dietary impacts on brain microstructure. Minimal dietary differences were observed from myelin water fraction imaging at either time-point. Overall, sialyllactose supplementation had no effects on learning and memory as assessed by novel object recognition, but may influence temporally-dependent aspects of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Golden
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Loretta T. Sutkus
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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6
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Low KE, Tingley JP, Klassen L, King ML, Xing X, Watt C, Hoover SER, Gorzelak M, Abbott DW. Carbohydrate flow through agricultural ecosystems: Implications for synthesis and microbial conversion of carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108245. [PMID: 37652144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse biomolecules, serving numerous and varied roles in agricultural ecosystems. Crops and horticulture products are inherent sources of carbohydrates that are consumed by humans and non-human animals alike; however carbohydrates are also present in other agricultural materials, such as soil and compost, human and animal tissues, milk and dairy products, and honey. The biosynthesis, modification, and flow of carbohydrates within and between agricultural ecosystems is intimately related with microbial communities that colonize and thrive within these environments. Recent advances in -omics techniques have ushered in a new era for microbial ecology by illuminating the functional potential for carbohydrate metabolism encoded within microbial genomes, while agricultural glycomics is providing fresh perspective on carbohydrate-microbe interactions and how they influence the flow of functionalized carbon. Indeed, carbohydrates and carbohydrate-active enzymes are interventions with unrealized potential for improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and stability, developing alternatives to antimicrobials, and circular production systems. In this manner, glycomics represents a new frontier for carbohydrate-based biotechnological solutions for agricultural systems facing escalating challenges, such as the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin Watt
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Gorzelak
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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Rajhans P, Mainardi F, Austin S, Sprenger N, Deoni S, Hauser J, Schneider N. The Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Myelination, Socio-Emotional and Language Development: Observational Data from Breast-Fed Infants in the United States of America. Nutrients 2023; 15:4624. [PMID: 37960278 PMCID: PMC10649431 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infancy is a critical period for neurodevelopment, which includes myelination, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and the development of motor, social-emotional, and cognitive functions. Human milk provides essential nutrients to the infant's developing brain, especially during the first postnatal months. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk, and there is growing evidence of the association of individual HMOs with cognitive development in early life. However, to our knowledge, no study has explained these associations with a mechanism of action. Here, we investigated possible mediating associations between HMOs in human milk, brain myelination (measured via myelin water fraction), and measures of motor, language (collected via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III)), and socioemotional development (collected via the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional Version (ASQ-SE)) in healthy term-born breast-fed infants. The results revealed an association between 6'Sialyllactose and social skills that was mediated by myelination. Furthermore, associations of fucosylated HMOs with language outcomes were observed that were not mediated by myelination. These observations indicate the roles of specific HMOs in neurodevelopment and associated functional outcomes, such as social-emotional function and language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Rajhans
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Fabio Mainardi
- Department of Data Sciences & Precision Nutrition, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Gastro-Intestinal Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Sean Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Spinn Neuroscience, Seattle, WA 98275, USA
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Nora Schneider
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.H.); (N.S.)
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8
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Barnum CR, Paviani B, Couture G, Masarweh C, Chen Y, Huang YP, Mills DA, Lebrilla CB, Barile D, Yang M, Shih PM. Plant-based production of diverse human milk oligosaccharides. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558286. [PMID: 37786679 PMCID: PMC10541580 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse class of carbohydrates that aid in the health and development of infants. The vast health benefits of HMOs have made them a commercial target for microbial production; however, producing the ∼130 structurally diverse HMOs at scale has proven difficult. Here, we produce a vast diversity of HMOs by leveraging the robust carbohydrate anabolism of plants. This diversity includes high value HMOs, such as lacto-N-fucopentaose I, that have not yet been commercially produced using state-of-the-art microbial fermentative processes. HMOs produced in transgenic plants provided strong bifidogenic properties, indicating their ability to serve as a prebiotic supplement. Technoeconomic analyses demonstrate that producing HMOs in plants provides a path to the large-scale production of specific HMOs at lower prices than microbial production platforms. Our work demonstrates the promise in leveraging plants for the cheap and sustainable production of HMOs.
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9
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Li A, Han X, Liu L, Zhang G, Du P, Zhang C, Li C, Chen B. Dairy products and constituents: a review of their effects on obesity and related metabolic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37724572 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2257782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life. As an important part of human diet, dairy products contain a large number of nutrients that are essential for maintaining human health, such as proteins, peptides, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. A growing number of epidemiological investigations provide strong evidence on dairy interventions for weight loss in overweight/obese populations. Therefore, this paper outlines the relationship between the consumption of different dairy products and obesity and related metabolic diseases. In addition, we dive into the mechanisms related to the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by functional components in dairy products and the interaction with gut microbes. Lastly, the role of dairy products on obesity of children and adolescents is revisited. We conclude that whole dairy products exert more beneficial effect than single milk constituent on alleviating obesity and that dairy matrix has important implications for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Green Food Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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10
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Short-Term Effects of Human versus Bovine Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharide Microinjection on Zebrafish Larvae Survival, Locomotor Behavior and Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065456. [PMID: 36982531 PMCID: PMC10051688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides are a complex class of carbohydrates that act as bioactive factors in numerous defensive and physiological functions, including brain development. Early nutrition can modulate nervous system development and can lead to epigenetic imprinting. We attempted to increase the sialylated oligosaccharide content of zebrafish yolk reserves, with the aim of evaluating any short-term effects of the treatment on mortality, locomotor behavior, and gene expression. Wild-type embryos were microinjected with saline solution or solutions containing sialylated milk oligosaccharides extracted from human and bovine milk. The results suggest that burst activity and larval survival rates were unaffected by the treatments. Locomotion parameters were found to be similar during the light phase between control and treated larvae; in the dark, however, milk oligosaccharide-treated larvae showed increased test plate exploration. Thigmotaxis results did not reveal significant differences in either the light or the dark conditions. The RNA-seq analysis indicated that both treatments exert an antioxidant effect in developing fish. Moreover, sialylated human milk oligosaccharides seemed to increase the expression of genes related to cell cycle control and chromosomal replication, while bovine-derived oligosaccharides caused an increase in the expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis and neuronal signaling. These data shed some light on this poorly explored research field, showing that both human and bovine oligosaccharides support brain proliferation and maturation.
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11
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Bell A, Severi E, Owen CD, Latousakis D, Juge N. Biochemical and structural basis of sialic acid utilization by gut microbes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102989. [PMID: 36758803 PMCID: PMC10017367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbial communities collectively known as the gut microbiota that exert a profound impact on human health and disease. The repartition and availability of sialic acid derivatives in the gut have a significant impact on the modulation of gut microbes and host susceptibility to infection and inflammation. Although N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is the main form of sialic acids in humans, the sialic acid family regroups more than 50 structurally and chemically distinct modified derivatives. In the GI tract, sialic acids are found in the terminal location of mucin glycan chains constituting the mucus layer and also come from human milk oligosaccharides in the infant gut or from meat-based foods in adults. The repartition of sialic acid in the GI tract influences the gut microbiota composition and pathogen colonization. In this review, we provide an update on the mechanisms underpinning sialic acid utilization by gut microbes, focusing on sialidases, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bell
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuele Severi
- Microbes in Health and Disease, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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12
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Farias SDS, Dierings AC, Mufalo VC, Sabei L, Parada Sarmiento M, da Silva AN, Ferraz PA, Pugliesi G, Ribeiro CVDM, Oliveira CADA, Zanella AJ. Asinine milk mitigates stress-mediated immune, cortisol and behavioral responses of piglets to weaning: A study to foster future interventions in humans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139249. [PMID: 37122716 PMCID: PMC10140756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study assessed whether asinine milk supplementation improved the immune and behavioral responses of piglets during an early life weaning stress event as a model for its future use in humans. Methods For this, 48 piglets from 4 different litters were used. At 20 days of age, piglets were weighed and allocated with their litter and dam into group pens until 28 days of age. Four piglets from each litter were then randomly assigned to either (1) asinine milk supplementation (n = 16) (2), skimmed cow milk supplementation (n = 16) or (3) no supplementation (n = 16; control group). The supplementations were voluntarily administered for 3 days preweaning and 3 days postweaning using a baby bottle. The effects on the weaning stress response were assessed through salivary cortisol measurements; behavioral tests such as the open field, novel object end elevated plus maze tests; and gene expression of HSD11B1, NR3C1 and IL1B in PBMCs, which was determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH and UBB. To test the effect of the supplementations on weight, milk intake, gene expression, and behavior, a randomized block design was used with repeated measurements over time by the PROC MIXED procedure. Results and discussion The effects on salivary cortisol were determined using the ratio between the morning and afternoon concentrations, considering the time before and after the weaning event. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher's test were performed to evaluate the behavior test data. When comparing salivary cortisol concentrations between the pre- and postweaning periods, there was a difference (p < 0.05) between the supplementation groups in the afternoon period, suggesting that piglets fed asinine milk had lower afternoon cortisol concentrations postweaning than their counterparts. For the behavioral tests, the supplementations had no measurable effects. No difference was between groups pre- and postweaning for the expression of HSD11B2, which codes for an enzyme that breaks down cortisol. However, the expression of NR3C1, which encodes the glucocorticoid receptor, was significantly upregulated in piglets supplemented with cow milk (mean 1.245; p < 0.05). Conclusion Asinine milk downregulated 1L1B gene expression, which codes for an inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementation with asinine milk may represent a strategy to diminish the damage associated with an early life event by modulating IL1B expression and reducing salivary cortisol levels in piglets undergoing weaning stress. Further transcriptomic and metabolomic studies may improve our understanding of the molecular pathways that mediate this systemic immune-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharacely de Souza Farias
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sharacely de Souza Farias, ; Adroaldo José Zanella,
| | - Ana Carolina Dierings
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Mufalo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Sabei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisol Parada Sarmiento
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Arthur Nery da Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Chiara Albano de Araujo Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sharacely de Souza Farias, ; Adroaldo José Zanella,
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13
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Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human milk and act in tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels and distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, and weight, gestational age and mode of delivery. HMOs improve the gastrointestinal barrier and also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens the epithelial barrier, and creates immunomodulatory metabolites. HMOs fulfil a variety of physiologic functions including potential support to the immune system, brain development, and cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula with HMOs is safe and promotes a healthy development of the infant revealing benefits for microbiota composition and infection prevention. Because of limited data comparing the effect of non-human oligosaccharides to HMOs, it is not known if HMOs offer an additional clinical benefit over non-human oligosaccharides. Better knowledge of the factors influencing HMO composition and their functions will help to understand their short- and long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Dinleyici
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jana Barbieur
- UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Vrije Unversiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Vrije Unversiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Belyaeva IA, Namazova-Baranova LS, Bombardirova EP, Turti TV. World Trends in Infant Formulas Composition Enhancement. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i6.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This article provides the overview of the major strategies for infant formulas composition enhancement via modern technologies and trends in minimizing technology-related loads on the environment. Potential modifications of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk formulas nutrients have been determined. We also covered product contents changing over age, as well as the perspectives of using animal milk in formulas. The relevance of adding biologically active substances and living microorganisms (probiotics), their safety, and efficacy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Belyaeva
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Morozovskaya Children’s City Hospital
| | - Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Elena P. Bombardirova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
| | - Tatiana V. Turti
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management
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15
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Milk Polysialic Acid Levels Rapidly Decrease in Line with the N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Concentrations during Early Lactation in Dairy Cows. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010005. [PMID: 36671698 PMCID: PMC9854834 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates have several positive effects on the mucosal barrier, the gut microbiome, and an effective immune system. For this reason, they are important biomolecules for mammary gland health and optimal development of offspring. In milk, the major sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), can be attached as monosialyl-residues or as polymers. To investigate the sialylation processes during lactation of German Holstein cows, we analyzed udder tissue in addition to milk at different time points of lactation. The analysis of the milk samples revealed that both the levels of Neu5Ac and its polymer, polysialic acid (polySia), rapidly decreased during the first three days of lactation, and a high interindividual variance was observed. In mature milk, however, the sialylation status remains relatively constant. The results indicate that mammary gland epithelial cells are one source for milk polySia, since immunohistochemistry of udder tissue exhibited strong polySia staining in these cells. Furthermore, both polysialyltransferases, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, are expressed. Based on known functions of monosialyl residues and polySia, we discuss the potential impact of these biomolecules and the consequences of the heterogeneous sialylation status of milk in relation to udder health and offspring health.
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16
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Zhang W, Vervoort J, Pan J, Gao P, Zhu H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Li Y, Pang X, Zhang S, Jiang S, Lu J, Lyu J. Comparison of twelve human milk oligosaccharides in mature milk from different areas in China in the Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) study. Food Chem 2022; 395:133554. [PMID: 35830777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as a vital role in the development of infant's gut microbiome and immune function. This study aimed to measure 12 oligosaccharides in milk from Chinese donors (n = 203), and evaluated the influences of multiple factors on the HMOs profiles. The results indicated that concentrations of 6'-sialyllactose were the highest among 12 oligosaccharides (2.31 ± 0.81 g/L). HMOs concentrations varied depending on geographical location. Latitude was observed to be related to concentrations of Lacto-N-neohexaose, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, 3'-sialyllactose (r = -0.67, r = +0.63 and r = +0.50, respectively). Environmental factors like seasons correlated with lacto-N-difucohexaose Ⅱ, Lacto-N-neohexaose and 2'-fucosyllactose (r = -0.47, r = -0.4, r = -0.35, respectively). Several HMOs concentrations were correlated with maternal diet. As a consequence, the HMOs profiles measured were influenced by geographical, environmental, maternal anthropometric as well as dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiancun Pan
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huiquan Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Baorong Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiaping Lyu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.
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17
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Effect of supplementation with select human milk oligosaccharides on artificially reared newborn rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1906-1916. [PMID: 34963503 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early life nutrition fundamentally influences neonatal development and health. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are key components of breast milk but not standard infant formula that support the establishment of the newborn gut microbiota. Using an artificial rearing system, our objective was to test the effect of two HMO on the whole body and organ growth, adiposity, glucose tolerance and faecal microbiota in young rat pups. From postnatal days 4 to 21, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to receive one of: (1) CTR (rat milk substitute); (2) 2'FL (CTR + 1·2 g/l 2'-fucosyllactose); (3) 3'SL (CTR + 1·2 g/l 3'-sialyllactose) and (4) 2'FL + 3'SL (CTR + 0·6 g/l 2'-FL + 0·6 g/l 3'-SL). Body weight (BW), bowel movements and food intake were monitored daily, faecal samples collected each week and oral glucose tolerance, body composition and organ weight measured at weaning. No significant differences were observed between groups in growth performance, body composition, organ weight and abundance of dominant faecal microbes. A decreased relative abundance of genus Proteus in week 1 faecal samples and Terrisporobacter in week 3 faecal samples (P < 0·05) was suggestive of a potential pathogen inhibitory effect of 3'SL. Longitudinal changes in the faecal microbiota of artificially reared suckling rats were primarily governed by age (P = 0·001) and not affected by the presence of 2'-FL and/or 3'-SL in rat milk substitutes (P = 0·479). Considering the known protective effects of HMO, further investigation of supplementation with these and other HMO in models of premature birth, extremely low BW or malnutrition may show more pronounced outcomes.
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18
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Li T, Samuel TM, Zhu Z, Howell B, Cho S, Baluyot K, Hazlett H, Elison JT, Wu D, Hauser J, Sprenger N, Zhu H, Lin W. Joint analyses of human milk fatty acids, phospholipids, and choline in association with cognition and temperament traits during the first 6 months of life. Front Nutr 2022; 9:919769. [PMID: 36091236 PMCID: PMC9449418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.919769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early dietary exposure via human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant’s nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Infant Behavior Questionnaires—Revised were used to assess cognition and temperament, respectively, of 54 exclusively/predominantly breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life, whose follow-ups were conducted at 6–9, 9–12, and 12–18 months old. Human milk samples were obtained from the mothers of the participants at less than 6 months of age and analyzed for fatty acids [total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ARA/DHA, omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (n-6/n-3)], phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin], and choline [free choline, phosphocholine (PCho), glycerophosphocholine]. Feature selection was performed to select nutrients associated with cognition and temperament. The combined effects of selected nutrients were analyzed using multiple regression. A positive association between the arachidonic acid (ARA) and surgency was observed (p = 0.024). A significant effect of DHA, n-6/n-3, PE, and TSFA concentrations on receptive language (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.025) and the elevated ARA, PCho, and PI with increased surgency (R2 = 0.43, p = 0.003) was identified, suggesting that DHA and ARA may have distinct roles for temperament and language functions. Furthermore, the exploratory association analyses suggest that the effects of human milk nutrients on R.L. and surgency may persist beyond the first 6 months of life, particularly surgency at 12–18 months (p = 0.002). Our study highlighted that various human milk nutrients work together to support the development of cognition and temperament traits during early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tinu M. Samuel
- Nestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brittany Howell
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Seoyoon Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristine Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heather Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Science, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Weili Lin,
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Wang X, Zhong P, Huang W, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang Q, Huang L, Wang J, Lu Y, Wang Z. Qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry comparison of characteristic galactosyl lactose isomers from goat milk at different lactation stages. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7203-7215. [PMID: 35863928 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides are composed mainly of galactosyl lactose, which is important for infant growth and as a functional food additive. Although galactosyl lactose is abundant in goat milk, its complex structure has hindered the separation and analysis of its isomers. In this study, 5 isomers of goat milk galactosyl lactose were separated by HPLC: β6'-galactosyl lactose (β6'-GL), α6'-galactosyl lactose (α6'-GL), β4'-galactosyl lactose (β4'-GL), α3'-galactosyl lactose (α3'-GL), and β3'-galactosyl lactose (β3'-GL). This composition differs from that of commercial galactooligosaccharide products, which comprise mainly β-configuration oligosaccharides. The isomers were then qualitatively and quantitatively compared at different lactation stages using online HPLC-mass spectrometry. Relative quantitative analysis showed that the total content of the 5 galactosyl lactose isomers was highest in transitional goat milk. Specifically, β3'-GL was the main isomer in colostrum and α3'-GL was the main isomer in transitional and mature milk. β6'-Galactosyl lactose and β4'-GL tended to increase and then decrease during lactation. Moreover, α3'-GL content was 2 times higher than in colostrum and 10 times higher in transitional milk than in mature milk; in contrast, for β3'-GL, the values were 5 and 2 times higher, respectively. Absolute quantitative analysis revealed that β3'-GL was the most abundant isomers in colostrum (32.3 mg/L), and α3'-GL was the most abundant in transitional milk (88.1 mg/L) and mature milk (36.3 mg/L). These findings provide an important quantitative basis for understanding the relationship between structure and function of galactosyl lactose in goat milk, as well as its exploitation as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peiyun Zhong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Shaanxi Hongxing Meiling Dairy Co. Ltd., Fuping, 711700, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Non-Bovine Milk: Sources and Future Prospects. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131967. [PMID: 35804782 PMCID: PMC9266239 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is the first food that mammals are exposed to [...]
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21
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Wang Y, Ze X, Rui B, Li X, Zeng N, Yuan J, Li W, Yan J, Li M. Studies and Application of Sialylated Milk Components on Regulating Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766606. [PMID: 34859034 PMCID: PMC8631720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is rich in sialic acids (SA), which are commonly combined with milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. As a functional nutrient component, SA-containing milk components have received increasing attention in recent years. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, bringing positive outcomes to intestinal health and immune function. They also exhibit antiviral and bacteriostatic activities in the intestinal mucosa of new-borns, thereby inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to host cells. These properties play a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal microbial ecosystem and preventing the occurrence of neonatal inflammatory diseases. In addition, some recent studies also support the promoting effects of sialylated HMOs on neonatal bone and brain development. In addition to HMOs, sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids are abundant in milk, and are also critical to neonatal health. This article reviews the current research progress in the regulation of sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates on neonatal gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Binqi Rui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinke Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nina Zeng
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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22
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Pisa E, Martire A, Chiodi V, Traversa A, Caputo V, Hauser J, Macrì S. Exposure to 3'Sialyllactose-Poor Milk during Lactation Impairs Cognitive Capabilities in Adulthood. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124191. [PMID: 34959743 PMCID: PMC8707534 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk exerts pivotal regulatory functions early in development whereby it contributes to the maturation of brain and associated cognitive functions. However, the specific components of maternal milk mediating this process have remained elusive. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent likely candidates since they constitute the principal neonatal dietary source of sialic acid, which is crucial for brain development and neuronal patterning. We hypothesize that the selective neonatal lactational deprivation of a specific sialylated HMOs, sialyl(alpha2,3)lactose (3′SL), may impair cognitive capabilities (attention, cognitive flexibility, and memory) in adulthood in a preclinical model. To operationalize this hypothesis, we cross-fostered wild-type (WT) mouse pups to B6.129-St3gal4tm1.1Jxm/J dams, knock-out (KO) for the gene synthesizing 3′SL, thereby providing milk with approximately 80% 3′SL content reduction. We thus exposed lactating WT pups to a selective reduction of 3′SL and investigated multiple cognitive domains (including memory and attention) in adulthood. Furthermore, to account for the underlying electrophysiological correlates, we investigated hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Neonatal access to 3′SL-poor milk resulted in decreased attention, spatial and working memory, and altered LTP compared to the control group. These results support the hypothesis that early-life dietary sialylated HMOs exert a long-lasting role in the development of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pisa
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Martire
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Chiodi
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alice Traversa
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +41-21-785-8933 (J.H.); +39-06-4990-6829 (S.M.); Fax: +39-06-4957-821 (S.M.)
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +41-21-785-8933 (J.H.); +39-06-4990-6829 (S.M.); Fax: +39-06-4957-821 (S.M.)
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23
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Lang Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang L, Liu X, Song N, Li G, Yu G. Comparison of Different Labeling Techniques for the LC-MS Profiling of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Chem 2021; 9:691299. [PMID: 34589467 PMCID: PMC8473617 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) exhibit various biological activities for infants, such as serving as prebiotics, blocking pathogens, and aiding in brain development. HMOs are a complex mixture of hetero-oligosaccharides that are generally highly branched, containing multiple structural isomers and no intrinsic chromophores, presenting a challenge to both their resolution and quantitative detection. While liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become the primary strategy for analysis of various compounds, the very polar and chromophore-free properties of native glycans hinder their separation in LC and ionization in MS. Various labeling approaches have been developed to achieve separation of glycans with higher resolution and greater sensitivity of detection. Here, we compared five commonly used labeling techniques [by 2-aminobenzamide, 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA), 2,6-diaminopyridine, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone] for analyzing HMOs specifically under hydrophilic-interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) conditions. The 2-AA labeling showed the most consistent deprotonated molecular ions, the enhanced sensitivity with the least structural selectivity, and the sequencing-informative tandem MS fragmentation spectra for the widest range of HMOs; therefore, this labeling technique was selected for further optimization under the porous graphitized carbon chromatography-mass spectrometry (PGC-MS) conditions. The combination strategy of 2-AA labeling and PGC-MS techniques provided online decontamination (removal of excess 2-AA, salts, and lactose) and resolute detection of many HMOs, enabling us to characterize the profiles of complicated HMO mixtures comprehensively in a simple protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Lang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ni Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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24
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Rudloff S, Kuntz S, Borsch C, Vazquez E, Buck R, Reutzel M, Eckert GP, Kunz C. Fucose as a Cleavage Product of 2'Fucosyllactose Does Not Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100045. [PMID: 34139057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To further examine the role of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'fucosyllactose (2´FL) and fucose (Fuc) in cognition. Using 13 C-labeled 2'FL,thestudy previously showed in mice that 13 C-enrichment of the brain is not caused by 13 C1 -2´FL itself, but rather by microbial metabolites. Here, the study applies 13 C1 -Fuc in the same mouse model to investigate its uptake into the brain. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice received 13 C1 -Fuc via oral gavage (2 mmol 13 C1 -Fuc/kg-1 body weight) or intravenously (0.4 mmol/kg-1 body weight). 13 C-enrichment is measured in organs, including various brain regions, biological fluids and excrements. By EA-IRMS, the study observes an early rise of 13 C-enrichment in plasma, 30 min after oral dosing. However, 13 C-enrichment in the brain does not occur until 3-5 h post-dosing, when the 13 C-Fuc bolus has already reached the lower gut. Therefore, the researcher assume that 13 C-Fuc is absorbed in the upper small intestine but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier which is also observed after intravenous application of 13 C1 -Fuc. CONCLUSIONS Late 13 C-enrichment in the rodent brain may be derived from 13 C1 -Fuc metabolites derived from bacterial fermentation. The precise role that Fuc or 2´FL metabolites might play in gut-brain communication needs to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rudloff
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuntz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Christian Borsch
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | | | - Rachael Buck
- Discovery R&D, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA
| | - Martina Reutzel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Gunter Peter Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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