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Singh P, Sharma A, Tandon V, Salgotra RK, Sharma M, Gupta V, Sharma D. Genetic diversity and population structure of Bael [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa] genotypes using molecular markers in the North-Western plains of India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18032. [PMID: 39098938 PMCID: PMC11298521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bael is a fruit crop that is extensively distributed throughout South-East Asia and is underutilized in medicine. The potential applications of bael's therapeutic and nutritional qualities in diverse ethnic communities are enormous. This study focuses on evaluating the morpho-pomological and molecular characteristics, utilizing SSR markers, of 80 wild bael genotypes alongside the NB-5 and NB-9 cultivars, derived from the North Western plains of India. Based on the evaluated morpho-pomological features, substantial variations were found between all genotypes. The fruit's inner diameter and pulp weight varied from 4.41 to 11.54 cm and 34.63 to 786.41 g, respectively. Numerous variations in the genotypes were observed in the shell weight/fruit, fruit skull thickness and fruit yield/plant. The bael fruit mucilage's total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugar content varied from 40.10 to 49.60 obrix and 8.11 to 21.17%, respectively. Using ward cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into two primary clusters. Among the bael genotypes, the population structure analysis identified three subpopulations. SSR markers are used to measure genetic variety; of the 27 polymorphic markers, 17 show allelic diversity between genotypes. Molecular genetic diversity analysis, on the other hand, highlighted the genotypes genetic distinctiveness by classifying them into three major clusters. These findings offer valuable insights into the rich diversity and intricate interactions among the bael genotypes under investigation, paving the way for more strategic future breeding and selection efforts to elevate the quality of this remarkable fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhdeep Singh
- Division of Fruit Science, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India.
| | - Akash Sharma
- Division of Fruit Science, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Vikas Tandon
- Advanced Centre for Horticulture Research, Udheywalla, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, 180018, India
| | - Romesh Kumar Salgotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Division of Statistics and Computer Sciences, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Devinder Sharma
- Division of Entomology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India
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De Gregorio MA, Zhang L, Mahomoodally MF, Zengin G, Jugreet S, Yildiztugay E, Fiorini A, Lucini L. Metabolomic Profiles and Biopharmaceutical Properties of Petrosimonia brachiata and P. nigdeensis from Turkey. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2073. [PMID: 39124192 PMCID: PMC11314340 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Halophytic plants possess a huge range of active constituents and medicinal benefits. In this study, extracts (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane) of two halophytes of the genus Petrosimonia (P. brachiata and P. nigdeensis) were investigated for their phytochemical profiles and pharmacological properties. The phytochemical profiles of both species were investigated using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. The two species show different polyphenolic profiles and these are influenced by the different extraction solvents used. The same extracts were used for different bioactivity assays. The results show that all extracts yielded total flavonoid and phenolic contents of 11.14-24.22 mg GAE/g and 3.15-22.03 mg RE/g, respectively. While extracts of both species demonstrated a radical scavenging ability in the ABTS assay (16.12-98.02 mg TE/g), only the polar and moderately polar extracts (water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) showed scavenging potential in the DPPH assay (4.74-16.55 mg TE/g). A reducing potential was also displayed by all extracts in the CUPRAC and FRAP assays (26.02-80.35 mg TE/g and 31.70-67.69 mg TE/g, respectively). The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts ranged from 0.24 to 2.17 mmol TE/g, and the metal chelating activity ranged from 14.74 to 33.80 mg EDTAE/g. The water extracts possessed a higher metal chelating power than the other extracts. All extracts acted as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (0.16-3.85 mg GALAE/g) and amylase (0.11-1.28 mmol ACAE/g). Moreover, apart from the water extracts, the other extracts also showed anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (0.73-2.86 mg GALAE/g), as well as anti-tyrosinase (36.74-61.40 mg KAE/g) and anti-glucosidase (2.37-2.73 mmol ACAE/g) potential. In general, the water extracts were found to be weak inhibitors of the tested enzymes, while the ethanol extracts mostly showed an inhibitory effect. The obtained findings revealed the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of these two species and demonstrated that the solvent type used affected the pharmacological properties of the extracts and hence, can be useful to further investigate the active constituents yielded in the extracts and understand the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. De Gregorio
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.A.D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.A.D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Sharmeen Jugreet
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.A.D.G.); (L.L.)
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Abbak N, Nemutlu E, Reçber T, Gul ASD, Akkoyun HT, Akkoyun MB, Yilmaz G, Ekin S, Bakir A, Arihan O. Behavior, antioxidant, and metabolomics effects of Allium tuncelianum. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3538-3551. [PMID: 38726412 PMCID: PMC11077190 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Allium species are consumed extensively as folkloric medicine and dietary elements, but limited studies have been conducted on them. In this study, the effects of an ethanol-water extract obtained from the underground bulb of Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B. Mathew & Şiraneci (AT) on the behavioral, antioxidant, and metabolite parameters in rats were evaluated. AT was administered orally once a day at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg to male Wistar albino rats for 10 consecutive days. The elevated plus maze, rotarod, and hotplate tests were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activities, and pain perception in the rats, respectively. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on plasma samples and AT extracts using two orthogonal analytical platforms. The phenolic components, mainly fumaric acid, malic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin-3-arabinoside, hydrocinnamic acid, and gallocatechin, were determined in the extract. In addition, arbutin, salicylic acid, trehalose, and nicotinic acid were analyzed in the extract for the first time. The AT extract did not decrease the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase levels; however, diazepam decreased some of those parameters significantly in the brain, liver, and kidney. Although both the AT and diazepam treatments resulted in an increase in anxiolytic-like effects compared to the control group, no significant differences were observed (p > .05). In the metabolomic analysis, significant changes were observed in the rats treated with AT and diazepam, and they caused significant changes in some metabolic pathways, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Abbak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Asli San Dagli Gul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - H. Turan Akkoyun
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary FacultySiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | | | - Gulderen Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Suat Ekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceVan Yuzuncu Yil UniversityVanTurkey
| | - Ahmet Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceVan Yuzuncu Yil UniversityVanTurkey
| | - Okan Arihan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Elhadri I, Baddade L, Berkani M. Antioxidant activity and Inhibitory effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller. leaves extracts against calcium oxalate stones. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:62. [PMID: 38597997 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Urinary stone disease is a widespread health problem in both adults and children, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Various plants preparations have already been used since ancient times in order to treat urolithiasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and litholytic effect on kidney stones of Cydonia oblonga Miller. leaves. The infusion, methanol and acetone extracts were made from Cydonia oblonga Miller. leaf at different concentration. Estimation of mass fractions of total polyphenol, flavonoid, and flavonol contents, as well as the in vitro radical scavenging potential on 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) of the investigated extracts was carried out using colorimetric methods. The litholytic property of the extracts was performed by an in-vitro model using experimentally prepared kidney stones- calcium oxalate. As results, the quince leaf extracts revealed stronger antioxidant properties in the DPPH assay, which was proved by the semi-maximal inhibitory concentration values, being about 36.06 ± 3.55, 74.15 ± 6.29, and 142.35 ± 5.09 µg/ml for methanol, acetone and infusion extracts respectively. Furthermore, the tested extracts were found to be more effective in dissolving calcium oxalate stones compared to the control solutions, the mass loss is about 15.13 ± 1.10% with methanol extract, while it is 14.77 ± 1.74% and 11.14 ± 2.86% for acetone and infusion extracts respectively. These findings confirm the quince leaf's richness in phyto-components, offering anti-oxidant property and being able to be used as a remedy for the management of kidney stones by dissolving calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Elhadri
- Laboratory of Applied Spectro-Chemometry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Latifa Baddade
- Laboratory of Applied Spectro-Chemometry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
- Transdisciplinary Team of Analytical Sciences for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Berkani
- Laboratory of Applied Spectro-Chemometry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Lasota M, Lechwar P, Kukula-Koch W, Czop M, Czech K, Gaweł-Bęben K. Pulp or Peel? Comparative Analysis of the Phytochemical Content and Selected Cosmetic-Related Properties of Annona cherimola L., Diospyros kaki Thumb., Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Fortunella margarita Swingle Pulp and Peel Extracts. Molecules 2024; 29:1133. [PMID: 38474645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels might be a valuable source of active ingredients for cosmetics, leading to more sustainable usage of plant by-products. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical content and selected biological properties of hydroglycolic extracts from peels and pulps of Annona cherimola, Diospyros kaki, Cydonia oblonga, and Fortunella margarita as potential cosmetic ingredients. Peel and pulp extracts were compared for their antiradical activity (using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays), skin-lightening potential (tyrosinase inhibitory assay), sun protection factor (SPF), and cytotoxicity toward human fibroblast, keratinocyte, and melanoma cell lines. The total content of polyphenols and/or flavonoids was significantly higher in peel than in pulp extracts, and the composition of particular active compounds was also markedly different. The HPLC-MS fingerprinting revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and rutoside in the peel of D. kaki, whereas kaempferol glucoside and procyanidin A were present only in the pulp. In A. cherimola, catechin, epicatechin and rutoside were identified only in the peel of the fruit, whereas procyanidins were traced only in the pulp extracts. Quercetin and luteolinidin were found to be characteristic compounds of F. margarita peel extract. Naringenin and hesperidin were found only in the pulp of F. margarita. The most significant compositional variety between the peel and pulp extracts was observed for C. oblonga: Peel extracts contained a higher number of active components (e.g., vicenin-2, kaempferol rutinoside, or kaempferol galactoside) than pulp extract. The radical scavenging potential of peel extracts was higher than of the pulp extracts. D. kaki and F. margarita peel and pulp extracts inhibited mushroom and murine tyrosinases at comparable levels. The C. oblonga pulp extract was a more potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor than the peel extract. Peel extract of A. cherimola inhibited mushroom tyrosinase but activated the murine enzyme. F. margarita pulp and peel extracts showed the highest in vitro SPF. A. cherimola, D. kaki, and F. margarita extracts were not cytotoxic for fibroblasts and keratinocytes up to a concentration of 2% (v/v) and the peel extracts were cytotoxic for A375 melanoma cells. To summarize, peel extracts from all analyzed fruit showed comparable or better cosmetic-related properties than pulp extracts and might be considered multifunctional active ingredients of skin lightening, anti-aging, and protective cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lasota
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paulina Lechwar
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Czech
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
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6
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Hanan E, Hasan N, Zahiruddin S, Ahmad S, Sharma V, Ahmad FJ. Utilization of Quince (Cydonia oblonga) Peel and Exploration of Its Metabolite Profiling and Cardioprotective Potential Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40036-40050. [PMID: 37929101 PMCID: PMC10620784 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a pomaceous fruit that is typically processed into jams, jellies, and marmalade. The byproduct, i.e., the quince peel emanated from the processing industry, can be upcycled, ensuring zero waste policy and resulting in a sustainable food system. In our study, the quince peel was explored for in vitro phytochemical analysis and in vivo cardioprotective potential. Two diverse extractions (ultrasonication and reflux) and four different solvents (aqueous, ethanolic, hydroethanolic, and methanolic) were used for the extraction of quince peel and assessed for the phytochemical and antioxidant study. Among all the evaluated extracts, hydroethanolic quince extract extracted through the reflux extraction method showed the maximum phenolic (27.23 ± 0.85 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (16.5 ± 1.02 mg RE/g DW) content. The maximum antioxidant potential (DPPH) with an IC50 value of 204.8 ± 2.24 μg/mL was noted for the hydroethanolic extract. This best active extract was then subjected to HPTLC, UPLC-MS, mineral, and FTIR analysis to study the metabolic profiling and inorganic composition and to confirm the presence of bioactives. Additionally, the in vivo study was done in rats using doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. The rats were given extracts orally at 160 and 320 mg/kg bw for 30 days. ECG analysis was done at the termination of the experiment. Besides this, the lipid profile, blood serum parameters (CK-MB, LDH, AST), and tissue parameters (MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT) were analyzed. The DOX-treated group unveiled a substantial variance (p < 0.001) in all the parameters in contrast to the normal control group and extract control groups. However, the pretreated groups substantially alleviated the DOX-induced changes in all the parameters. Additionally, recuperation in histopathological alterations of the cardiac tissue in contrast to the DOX-induced toxicity was also seen in the pretreated groups. Thus, it could be said that the cardioprotective activity of the quince peel extract attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents counteracted the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and assisted in the restoration of the cardiac injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Hanan
- Department
of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education
& Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education
& Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vasudha Sharma
- Department
of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Gubitosa F, Fraternale D, De Bellis R, Gorassini A, Benayada L, Chiarantini L, Albertini MC, Potenza L. Cydonia oblonga Mill. Pulp Callus Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Injured Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051076. [PMID: 37237942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of a callus extract from the pulp of Cydonia oblonga Mill., also known as quince, was investigated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines. In particular, the anti-inflammatory activity of C. oblonga Mill. pulp callus extract was assessed in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 by the Griess test and in LPS-treated HaCaT human keratinocytes by examining the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process, including nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor-kappa-B inhibitor alfa (ikBα), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by quantizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-injured HaCaT cell line. The obtained results indicate that C. oblonga callus from fruit pulp extract has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting its possible application in delaying and preventing acute or chronic diseases associated with aging or in the treatment of wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gubitosa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Gorassini
- Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leila Benayada
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Chiarantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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De Gregorio MA, Zengin G, Alp-Turgut FN, Elbasan F, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Yildiztugay E, Zhang L, Lucini L. Glutamate, Humic Acids and Their Combination Modulate the Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Traits, and Enzyme-Inhibition Properties in Lettuce. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091822. [PMID: 37176879 PMCID: PMC10181196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) is a popular vegetable leafy crop playing a relevant role in human nutrition. Nowadays, novel strategies are required to sustainably support plant growth and elicit the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules with functional roles in crops including lettuce. In this work, the polyphenolic profile of lettuce treated with glutamic acid (GA), humic acid (HA), and their combination (GA + HA) was investigated using an untargeted metabolomics phenolic profiling approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Both aerial and root organ parts were considered, and a broad and diverse phenolic profile could be highlighted. The phenolic profile included flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols, and flavonols), phenolic acids (both hydroxycinnamics and hydroxybenzoics), low molecular weight phenolics (tyrosol equivalents), lignans and stilbenes. Overall, GA and HA treatments significantly modulated the biosynthesis of flavanols, lignans, low molecular weight phenolics, phenolic acids, and stilbene. Thereafter, antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro with 2,2-diphenyln-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. In addition, this study examined the inhibitory properties of enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Compared to individual treatments, the combination of GA + HA showed stronger antioxidant abilities in free radical scavenging and reducing power assays in root samples. Moreover, this combination positively influenced the inhibitory effects of root samples on AChE and BChE and the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of leaf samples. Concerning Pearson's correlations, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were related to phenolic compounds, and lignans in particular correlated with radical scavenging activities. Overall, the tested elicitors could offer promising insights for enhancing the functional properties of lettuce in agricultural treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Alp-Turgut
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- CRAST Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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9
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Miletić S, Nikolić-Kokić A, Jovanović D, Žerađanin A, Joksimović K, Avdalović J, Spasić S. Investigation of the Antioxidant Role of Acidic and Alkaline Hydrolysates of Pectin Isolated from Quince (Cydonia oblonga). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162023010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Component Characterization, In Vitro Activities and Molecular Mechanism of Cydonia oblonga Mill. against Diabetic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121566. [PMID: 36559019 PMCID: PMC9783571 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cydonia Oblonga Mill. is widely distributed in Turkey, Uzbekistan and China and commonly used by the food industry to produce jam, jelly and candies. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic activity and anti-diabetic mechanism of Cydonia Oblonga Mill. fruit (COMF). The chemical compositions were further characterized in COMF by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS and 65 components including 22 flavonoids, 16 organic acids, 11 polyphenols, 5 amino acids, 3 pentacyclic triterpenoids and 8 other compounds were identified. The antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were tested. Furthermore, we detected the effects of COMF extract on the proliferation activity of HUVECs, cell viability of HUVECs under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and NO production. Then, molecular docking activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of seven key flavonoid components selected by bioinformatics analysis and literature in the COMF were studied. Among them, quercetin showed potent inhibitory activity, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin and apigenin demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity, while rutin and epicatechin exhibited poor inhibitory activity. Subsequently, the effects of quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, leteolin and apigenin on the gene expression levels of AKT1, IL-6 and VEGFA were verified by real-time fluorescence quantification (RT-qPCR). Molecular biology result showed that different active ingredients can significantly recover the levels of AKT1, IL-6 and VEGFA in HUVECs injured by high glucose.
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Fazil M, Nikhat S. Therapeutic and palliative role of a Unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115526. [PMID: 35843408 PMCID: PMC9281408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of 'Unnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868-1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered. AIMS OF THE STUDY We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism. METHODOLOGY We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded. OBSERVATIONS A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections. CONCLUSION The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazil
- Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute for Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, Jamia Millia Islamia Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sadia Nikhat
- Dept. of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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De Bellis R, Chiarantini L, Potenza L, Gorassini A, Verardo G, De Marco R, Benayada L, Stocchi V, Cristina Albertini M, Fraternale D. High production of secondary metabolites and biological activities of Cydonia oblonga Mill. pulp fruit callus. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Anthocyanins, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Edible Plant Leaves Unveiled by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131924. [PMID: 35804744 PMCID: PMC9265259 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments are a quite relevant group of molecules that are widely distributed in nature, possessing a significant role in our daily lives. Besides their colors, natural pigments are currently recognized as having relevant biological properties associated with health benefits, such as anti-tumor, anti-atherogenicity, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Some of these compounds are easily associated with specific fruits (such as blueberries with anthocyanins, red pitaya with betalain or tomato with lycopene), vegetables (carrots with carotenoids), plant leaves (chlorophylls in green leaves or carotenoids in yellow and red autumn leaves) and even the muscle tissue of vertebrates (such as myoglobin). Despite being less popular as natural pigment sources, edible plant leaves possess a high variety of chlorophylls, as well as a high variety of carotenoids and anthocyanins. The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the whole workflow employed to identify and quantify the most common natural pigments (anthocyanin, carotenoids and chlorophylls) in edible plant leaves using tandem mass spectrometry. Across the literature there, is a lack of consistency in the methods used to extract and analyze these compounds, and this review aims to surpass this issue. Additionally, mass spectrometry has stood out in the context of metabolomics, currently being a widely employed technique in this field. For the three pigments classes, the following steps will be scrutinized: (i) sample pre-preparation, including the solvents and extraction conditions; (ii) details of the chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry experiments (iii) pigment identification and quantification.
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Herrera-Rocha KM, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Gallegos-Infante JA, González-Laredo RF, Larrosa-Pérez M, Moreno-Jiménez MR. Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Acetonic Extract from Quince ( Cydonia oblonga Mill.): Nutraceuticals with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082462. [PMID: 35458657 PMCID: PMC9027093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a potential source of polyphenolic compounds related with beneficial biological processes. In this study polyphenols from quince fruit were extracted with aqueous acetone at different ratios. A polyphenol profile was identified and quantified by LC-ESI-QqQ. The antioxidant capacity (ORAC and DPPH) and anti-inflammatory effect (inhibition of COX-2 cyclooxygenase) were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated an effect of the aqueous acetone ratio on the extraction of polyphenolic compounds. The higher extraction yields of polyphenolic compounds were attained with 60-75% aqueous acetone. However, extracts obtained with 85% aqueous acetone promoted higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Optimal scaling analysis indicated that hydroxycinnamic acids (quinic and chlorogenic), hydroxybenzoic acids (vanillic and syringic), flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol), dihydrochalcones (neohesperidin) and flavones (acacetin) are related to the antioxidant activity of quince. While phenolic acids, flavonols (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and rutin) and flavanols (epicatechin) generated the anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting 52.3% of the COX-2 enzyme. Therefore, a selective extraction of phenolic mix can reduce oxidative stress or inflammatory processes. This suggests the use of quince as a natural source with significant nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Marlenne Herrera-Rocha
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Mexico; (K.M.H.-R.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.F.G.-L.)
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Mexico; (K.M.H.-R.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.F.G.-L.)
- Correspondence: (N.E.R.-G.); (M.R.M.-J.); Tel.: +52-618-818-5402 or +52-618-818-6936 (ext. 118) (M.R.M.-J.)
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Mexico; (K.M.H.-R.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.F.G.-L.)
| | - Rubén Francisco González-Laredo
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Mexico; (K.M.H.-R.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.F.G.-L.)
| | - Mar Larrosa-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Martha Rocío Moreno-Jiménez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Mexico; (K.M.H.-R.); (J.A.G.-I.); (R.F.G.-L.)
- Correspondence: (N.E.R.-G.); (M.R.M.-J.); Tel.: +52-618-818-5402 or +52-618-818-6936 (ext. 118) (M.R.M.-J.)
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Valdés A, Álvarez-Rivera G, Socas-Rodríguez B, Herrero M, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Foodomics: Analytical Opportunities and Challenges. Anal Chem 2022; 94:366-381. [PMID: 34813295 PMCID: PMC8756396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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The Untargeted Phytochemical Profile of Three Meliaceae Species Related to In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Anti-Virulence Activity against MRSA Isolates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020435. [PMID: 35056761 PMCID: PMC8777635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high mortality rate is associated with about 80% of all infections worldwide, mainly due to antimicrobial resistance. Various antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities have been proposed for Meliaceae species. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-virulence and cytotoxic effect of the leaf extracts of Aphanamixis polystachya, Toona ciliata and Melia azedarach against five MRSA strains and on three cancer cell lines, followed by biological correlation to their encompassed phytoconstituents. MATERIAL AND METHODS We explored three plants of this family against a panel of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and several cancer cell lines to select the most promising candidates for further in vivo and preclinical studies. The phytochemical composition was evaluated by UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted profiling. Cell viability was assessed by SRB assay. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was carried out by using the agar micro-dilution technique. Inhibition of biofilm formation and preformed biofilm disruption were assessed spectrophotomertically, according to the Sultan and Nabil method (2019). RESULTS A total of 279 compounds were putatively annotated to include different phytochemical classes, such as flavonoids (108), limonoids/terpenoids (59), phenolic acids (49) and lower-molecular-weight phenolics (39). A. polystachya extract showed the most potent cytotoxic activity against Huh-7, DU-145 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 3, 3.5 and 13.4 µg mL-1, respectively), followed by M. azedarach, with no effect recorded for T. ciliata extract. Furthermore, both A. polystachya and M. azedarach extracts showed promising anti-virulence and antimicrobial activities, with A. polystachya being particularly active against MRSA. These two latter extracts could inhibit and disrupt the biofilm, formed by MRSA, at sub-lethal concentrations. Interestingly, the extracts inhibited hemolysin-α enzyme, thus protecting rabbit RBCs from lysis. A. polystachya extract reduced the pigmentation and catalase enzyme activity of tested pigmented strains better than M. azedarach at both tested sub-MICs. Consequently, susceptibility of the extract-treated cells to oxidant killing by 200 mM H2O2 increased, leading to faster killing of the cells within 120 min as compared to the extract-non-treated cells, likely due to the lower antioxidant-scavenging activity of cells exhibiting less staphyloxanthin production. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that both A. polystachya and M. azedarach natural extracts are rich in bioactive compounds, mainly limonoids, phenolics and oxygenated triterpenoids, which can combat MRSA biofilm infections and could be considered as promising sources of therapeutic cytotoxic, antibiofilm and anti-virulence agents.
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