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Long Q, Zhang C, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Ma X, An W, Zhou J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Jin C. Comparative metabolomics combined with genome sequencing provides insights into novel wolfberry-specific metabolites and their formation mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1392175. [PMID: 38736439 PMCID: PMC11082402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1392175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Wolfberry (Lycium, of the family Solanaceae) has special nutritional benefits due to its valuable metabolites. Here, 16 wolfberry-specific metabolites were identified by comparing the metabolome of wolfberry with those of six species, including maize, rice, wheat, soybean, tomato and grape. The copy numbers of the riboflavin and phenyllactate degradation genes riboflavin kinase (RFK) and phenyllactate UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT1) were lower in wolfberry than in other species, while the copy number of the phenyllactate synthesis gene hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate reductase (HPPR) was higher in wolfberry, suggesting that the copy number variation of these genes among species may be the main reason for the specific accumulation of riboflavin and phenyllactate in wolfberry. Moreover, the metabolome-based neighbor-joining tree revealed distinct clustering of monocots and dicots, suggesting that metabolites could reflect the evolutionary relationship among those species. Taken together, we identified 16 specific metabolites in wolfberry and provided new insight into the accumulation mechanism of species-specific metabolites at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Long
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xuemin Ma
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Zhao Y, Hu J, Zhou Z, Li L, Zhang X, He Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Hong G. Biofortified Rice Provides Rich Sakuranetin in Endosperm. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:19. [PMID: 38430431 PMCID: PMC10908774 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sakuranetin plays a key role as a phytoalexin in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and possesses diverse health-promoting benefits. However, mature rice seeds do not contain detectable levels of sakuranetin. In the present study, a transgenic rice plant was developed in which the promoter of an endosperm-specific glutelin gene OsGluD-1 drives the expression of a specific enzyme naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT) for sakuranetin biosynthesis. The presence of naringenin, which serves as the biosynthetic precursor of sakuranetin made this modification feasible in theory. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) validated that the seeds of transgenic rice accumulated remarkable sakuranetin at the mature stage, and higher at the filling stage. In addition, the panicle blast resistance of transgenic rice was significantly higher than that of the wild type. Specially, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging was performed to detect the content and spatial distribution of sakuranetin and other nutritional metabolites in transgenic rice seeds. Notably, this genetic modification also did not change the nutritional and quality indicators such as soluble sugars, total amino acids, total flavonoids, amylose, total protein, and free amino acid content in rice. Meanwhile, the phenotypes of the transgenic plant during the whole growth and developmental periods and agricultural traits such as grain width, grain length, and 1000-grain weight exhibited no significant differences from the wild type. Collectively, the study provides a conceptual advance on cultivating sakuranetin-rich biofortified rice by metabolic engineering. This new breeding idea may not only enhance the disease resistance of cereal crop seeds but also improve the nutritional value of grains for human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jitao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Zhu Q, Liu S, Jiao L, Dong D. Rapid Determination of Different Ripening Stages of Occidental Pears ( Pyrus communis L.) by Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Foods 2024; 13:620. [PMID: 38397597 PMCID: PMC10887963 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Determination of Occidental pear (Pyrus communis) ripening is difficult because the appearance of Occidental pears does not change significantly during the ripening process. Occidental pears at different ripening stages release different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be used to determine fruit ripeness non-destructively and rapidly. In this study, VOCs were detected using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Notably, data were acquired within 1 min. Occidental pears harvested at five separate times were divided into three ripening stages: unripe, ripe, and overripe. The results showed that the composition of VOCs differed depending on the ripening stage. In particular, the concentrations of esters and terpenes significantly increased during the overripe stage. Three ripening stages were clearly discriminated by heatmap clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). This study provided a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate the ripening stages of Occidental pears. The result can help fruit farmers to decide the optimum harvest time and hence reduce their economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingzhen Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
| | - Songzhong Liu
- Institute of Forestry & Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Leizi Jiao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Daming Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Fan J, Liu F, Ji W, Wang X, Li L. Comprehensive Investigation of Ginsenosides in the Steamed Panax quinquefolius with Different Processing Conditions Using LC-MS. Molecules 2024; 29:623. [PMID: 38338369 PMCID: PMC10856252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius (PQ) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and functional food. Ginsenosides are the important functional components of PQ. The ginsenosides' diversity is deeply affected by the processing conditions. The ginsenosides in the steamed PQ have been not well-characterized yet because of the complexity of their structure. In the study, the comprehensive investigation of ginsenosides was performed on the steamed PQ with different steaming times and temperatures by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Based on the molecular weight, retention time and characterized fragment ions, 175 ginsenosides were unambiguously identified or tentatively characterized, including 45 protopanaxatriol type, 49 protopanaxadiol type, 19 octillol type, 6 oleanolic acid type ginsenosides, and 56 other ginsenosides. Ten new ginsenosides and three new aglycones were discovered in the steamed PQ samples through searching the database of CAS SciFindern. Principal component analysis showed the significant influence on the chemical components of PQ through different processing conditions. The steaming temperature was found to promote the transformation of ginsenosides more than the steaming time. The protoginsenosides were found to transform into the rare ginsenosides by elimination reactions. The malonyl ginsenosides were degraded into acetyl ginsenosides, and then degraded into neutral ginsenosides. The sugar chain experienced degradation, with position changes and configuration inversions. Furthermore, 20 (S/R)-ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rg2, and Rh12 were found to transform from the S-configuration to the R-configuration significantly. This study could present a comprehensive ginsenosides profile of PQ with different steaming conditions, and provide technical support for the development and utilization of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Fan
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (W.J.); (X.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (W.J.); (X.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (W.J.); (X.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (W.J.); (X.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (W.J.); (X.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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Li K, Cheng Y, Fang C. OsDWARF10, transcriptionally repressed by OsSPL3, regulates the nutritional metabolism of polished rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1322463. [PMID: 38130489 PMCID: PMC10733476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone (SL) plays essential roles in plant development and the metabolism of rice leaves. However, the impact of SL on the accumulation of nutritional metabolites in polished rice, as well as the transcription factors directly involved in SL synthesis, remains elusive. In this study, we performed a metabolome analysis on polished rice samples from mutants of an SL biosynthetic gene, OsDWARF10 (OsD10). Compared with those in the wild type plants, primary and secondary metabolites exhibited a series of alterations in the d10 mutants. Notably, the d10 mutants showed a substantial increase in the amino acids and vitamins content. Through a yeast one-hybridization screening assay, we identified OsSPL3 as a transcription factor that binds to the OsD10 promoter, thereby inhibiting OsD10 transcription in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we conducted a metabolic profiling analysis in polished rice from plants that overexpressed OsSPL3 and observed enhanced levels of amino acids and vitamins. This study identified a novel transcriptional repressor of the SL biosynthetic gene and elucidated the regulatory roles of OsSPL3 and OsD10 on the accumulation of nutritional metabolites in polished rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Scool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Scool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Liu J, Zhao H, Yin Z, Dong H, Chu X, Meng X, Li Y, Ding X. Application and prospect of metabolomics-related technologies in food inspection. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113071. [PMID: 37330829 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food inspection covers a broad range of topics, including nutrient analysis, food pollutants, food auxiliary materials, additives, and food sensory identification. The foundation of diverse subjects like food science, nutrition, health research, and the food industry, as well as the desired reference for drafting trade and food legislation, makes food inspection highly significant. Because of their high efficiency, sensitivity, and accuracy, instrumental analysis methods have gradually replaced conventional analytical methods as the primary means of food hygiene inspection. SCOPE AND APPROACH Metabolomics-based analysis technology, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS), has become a widely used analytics platform. This research provides a bird's eye view of the application and future of metabolomics-related technologies in food inspection. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS We have provided a summary of the features and the application range of various metabolomics techniques, the strengths and weaknesses of different metabolomics platforms, and their implementation in specific inspection procedures. These procedures encompass the identification of endogenous metabolites, the detection of exogenous toxins and food additives, analysis of metabolite alterations during processing and storage, as well as the recognition of food adulteration. Despite the widespread utilization and significant contributions of metabolomics-based food inspection technologies, numerous challenges persist as the food industry advances and technology continues to improve. Thus, we anticipate addressing these potential issues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuanlin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Wu D, Zhuang F, Wang J, Gao R, Zhang Q, Wang X, Zhang G, Fang M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Guan L, Gao Y. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Revealed a Comprehensive Understanding of the Biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying the Color Variations in Chrysanthemums. Metabolites 2023; 13:742. [PMID: 37367900 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower color is an important characteristic of ornamental plants and is determined by various chemical components, including anthocyanin. In the present study, combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis was used to explore color variations in the chrysanthemums of three cultivars, of which the color of JIN is yellow, FEN is pink, and ZSH is red. A total of 29 different metabolites, including nine anthocyanins, were identified in common in the three cultivars. Compared with the light-colored cultivars, all of the nine anthocyanin contents were found to be up-regulated in the dark-colored ones. The different contents of pelargonidin, cyanidin, and their derivates were found to be the main reason for color variations. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the color difference was closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. The expression level of anthocyanin structural genes, including DFR, ANS, 3GT, 3MaT1, and 3MaT2, was in accordance with the flower color depth. This finding suggests that anthocyanins may be a key factor in color variations among the studied cultivars. On this basis, two special metabolites were selected as biomarkers to assist in chrysanthemum breeding for color selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengchao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Minghui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Su R, Yuan H, Zhou H, Jiangfang Y, Liu X, Luo J. Widely Targeted Volatilomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Metabolic Composition and Diversity of Zingiberaceae Plants. Metabolites 2023; 13:700. [PMID: 37367858 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zingiberaceae plants are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries; however, research on the chemical composition and interspecific differences in the metabolome and volatilome of Zingiberaceae plants is still limited. In this study, seven species of Zingiberaceae plants were selected, including Curcuma longa L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., Alpinia officinarum Hance, Alpinia tonkinensis Gagnep, Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie, Alpinia hainanensis K. Schum. and Amomum villosum Lour. Myristica fragrans Houtt. was also selected due to its flavor being similar to that of the Zingiberaceae plant. The metabolome and volatilome of selected plants were profiled by widely targeted approaches; 542 volatiles and 738 non-volatile metabolites were detected, and β-myrcene, α-phellandrene and α-cadinene were detected in all the selected plants, while chamigren, thymol, perilla, acetocinnamone and cis-α-bisabolene were exclusively detected in certain Zingiberaceae plants. Differential analysis showed that some terpenoids, such as cadalene, cadalene-1,3,5-triene, cadalene-1,3,8-triene and (E)-β-farnesene, and some lipids, including palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid were amongst the most varied compounds in Zingiberaceae plants. In conclusion, this study provided comprehensive metabolome and volatilome profiles for Zingiberaceae plants and revealed the metabolic differences between these plants. The results of this study could be used as a guide for the nutrition and flavor improvement of Zingiberaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Rongxiu Su
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Honglun Yuan
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Yiding Jiangfang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wu Z, Guo Z, Wang K, Wang R, Fang C. Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Role of OsHPL1 in the Cold-Induced Metabolic Changes in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2032. [PMID: 37653948 PMCID: PMC10221390 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP74) family members participate in the generation of oxylipins and play essential roles in plant adaptation. However, the metabolic reprogramming mediated by CYP74s under cold stress remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report how cold-triggered OsHPL1, a member of the CYP74 family, modulates rice metabolism. Cold stress significantly induced the expression of OsHPL1 and the accumulation of OPDA (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid) and jasmonates in the wild-type (WT) plants. The absence of OsHPL1 attenuates OPDA accumulation to a low temperature. Then, we performed a widely targeted metabolomics study covering 597 structurally annotated compounds. In the WT and hpl1 plants, cold stress remodeled the metabolism of lipids and amino acids. Although the WT and hpl1 mutants shared over one hundred cold-affected differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), some displayed distinct cold-responding patterns. Furthermore, we identified 114 and 56 cold-responding DAMs, specifically in the WT and hpl1 mutants. In conclusion, our work characterized cold-triggered metabolic rewiring and the metabolic role of OsHPL1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Zhiyu Guo
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Kemiao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
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10
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Tao H, Zhao Y, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Hong G. Comparative metabolomics of flavonoids in twenty vegetables reveal their nutritional diversity and potential health benefits. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112384. [PMID: 36737968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are widely consumed in our daily life. However, comprehensive information on flavonoids components in vegetable varieties and the distribution of flavonoids with health-promoting effects in different vegetables are rarely investigated. Here, we analyzed the constitution of flavonoids among 20 vegetables by widely-targeted metabolome analysis. A total of 403 flavonoids were detected and classified as flavonoid, flavonols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, flavonoid carbonoside, dihydroflavone, chalcones, flavanols, dihydroflavonol, tannin, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids. Interestingly, we found that the content and types of flavonoids in bean sprouts and hot pepper were relatively abundant, whereas those were lower in carrot, lettuce, and Zizania latifolia. Then, we characterized the representative flavonoids including flavonoid, flavonols, chalcones, and isoflavones, and related them to the health-promoting effects of vegetables. Finally, we examined the relevance of the flavonoids to antioxidant capacity. Both bean sprouts and hot pepper possessed higher antioxidant enzyme activity, which were responsible for their great antioxidant capacity. Our study established a database of major flavonoids components in vegetables and further provides a new hint for the selection and breeding of vegetables based on their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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11
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Xiong Q, Sun C, Wang R, Wang R, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhu J. The Key Metabolites in Rice Quality Formation of Conventional japonica Varieties. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:990-1001. [PMID: 36826009 PMCID: PMC9955130 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand differences in the quality of different conventional japonica rice varieties and variations in metabolites related to rice quality, the quality of three conventional japonica varieties was determined, and the metabolites of the milled rice were investigated using nontargeted metabolomics technology. The results showed that the taste value (TV) of Yangda 4Hao (YD4) was significantly higher than that of Yangda 3Hao (YD3) and Huaidao 5Hao (HD5). The protein content (PC) of HD5 was significantly higher than that of YD3 and YD4. PC was significantly negatively correlated with TV. Ninety-one differential metabolites (59 increased and 32 decreased) were identified between YD3 and HD5. A total of 144 differential metabolites (96 upregulated and 48 downregulated) were identified between YD4 and HD5. A total of 114 differential metabolites (40 increased and 74 decreased) were identified between YD3 and YD4. The metabolites with a high correlation to rice quality were mostly involved in the amino acid metabolism pathway. Amino acid metabolites play an important role in the formation of rice quality. The key metabolites in the synthesis and regulation of metabolic pathways are sucrose, levan, and amylose, which are carbohydrates, and L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, and L-asparagine, which are amino acid metabolites. It can be seen from this study that the metabolites of sucrose, levan, amylose, L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, and L-asparagine may be the key metabolites in the quality formation of high-quality rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Runnan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Shen S, Zhan C, Yang C, Fernie AR, Luo J. Metabolomics-centered mining of plant metabolic diversity and function: Past decade and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:43-63. [PMID: 36114669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are natural experts in organic synthesis, being able to generate large numbers of specific metabolites with widely varying structures that help them adapt to variable survival challenges. Metabolomics is a research discipline that integrates the capabilities of several types of research including analytical chemistry, statistics, and biochemistry. Its ongoing development provides strategies for gaining a systematic understanding of quantitative changes in the levels of metabolites. Metabolomics is usually performed by targeting either a specific cell, a specific tissue, or the entire organism. Considerable advances in science and technology over the last three decades have propelled us into the era of multi-omics, in which metabolomics, despite at an earlier developmental stage than genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, offers the distinct advantage of studying the cellular entities that have the greatest influence on end phenotype. Here, we summarize the state of the art of metabolite detection and identification, and illustrate these techniques with four case study applications: (i) comparing metabolite composition within and between species, (ii) assessing spatio-temporal metabolic changes during plant development, (iii) mining characteristic metabolites of plants in different ecological environments and upon exposure to various stresses, and (iv) assessing the performance of metabolomics as a means of functional gene identification , metabolic pathway elucidation, and metabolomics-assisted breeding through analyzing plant populations with diverse genetic variations. In addition, we highlight the prominent contributions of joint analyses of plant metabolomics and other omics datasets, including those from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, phenomics, microbiomes, and ion-omics studies. Finally, we discuss future directions and challenges exploiting metabolomics-centered approaches in understanding plant metabolic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqian Shen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chuansong Zhan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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13
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Processing affects (decreases or increases) metabolites, flavonoids, black rice pigment, and total antioxidant capacity of purple glutinous rice grains. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Gangappa ND, Singh C, Verma MK, Thakre M, Sevanthi AM, Singh R, Srivastav M, Raghunandan K, Anusha C, Yadav V, Nagaraja A. Assessing the genetic diversity of guava germplasm characterized by morpho-biochemical traits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017680. [PMID: 36245493 PMCID: PMC9562036 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid environmental crises, a galloping population, and changing food habits, increasing fruit production with nutritional quality is a global challenge. To address this, there is a necessity to exploit the germplasm accessions in order to develop high-yielding varieties/hybrids with good adaptability and high quality fruit under changing environmental and biological conditions. In the study, a total of 33 morpho-biochemical traits enabled an assessment of the genetic variability, diversity, and structure in a collection of 28 diverse germplasm lines of guava. Results showed that highly significant genetic variability existed in the studied traits in the guava germplasm. The coefficient of variation values for the qualitative and quantitative traits varied from 23.5–72.36 to 1.39–58.62%, respectively. Germplasm Thai, Lucknow-49, Punjab Pink, Psidium friedrichsthalianum, and Shweta had the highest fruit weight (359.32 g), ascorbic acid content (197.27 mg/100 g fruit), total phenolic content (186.93 mg GAE/100 g), titratable acidity (0.69 percent), and antioxidant capacity (44.49 μmolTrolox/g), respectively. Fruit weight was positively correlated with ascorbic acid content; however, titratable acidity was negatively correlated with fruit weight. The principal component analysis (PCA) was 84.2% and 93.3% for qualitative and quantitative traits, respectively. Furthermore, K-mean clustering was executed; the population was grouped into three clusters for both traits. Additionally, the dendrogram using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), where all the germplasm were grouped into four clusters, revealed that among the clusters, clusters III and IV were highly divergent. The high variability, diversity, and structure could be utilized for the breeding programme of guava and also explored for molecular analysis using next-generation technology to enhance the guava yield and nutrition properties and also develop the climate resilient technology to fulfill the existing demand gap and nutrition availability, which could not only mitigate the nutrition requirement but also enhance the easy availability of fruits year-round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Deepak Gangappa
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandu Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Chandu Singh
| | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhubala Thakre
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Srivastav
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Raghunandan
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chukkamettu Anusha
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Arumugam Nagaraja
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Arumugam Nagaraja
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15
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Differential Flavonoids and Carotenoids Profiles in Grains of Six Poaceae Crops. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142068. [PMID: 35885312 PMCID: PMC9325323 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poaceae practically dominate staple crops for humans. In addition to the issue of sustenance, there is a growing interest in the secondary metabolites of these staple crops and their functions on health. In this study, metabolomic variations were investigated among six important species of Poaceae with a total of 17 cultivars, including wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, foxtail millet, and broomcorn millet. A total of 201 flavonoid metabolites and 29 carotenoid metabolites were identified based on the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. Among them, 114, 128, 101, 179, 113, and 92 flavonoids and 12, 22, 17, 15, 21, and 18 carotenoids were found in wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, foxtail millet, and broomcorn millet, respectively. Only 46 flavonoids and 8 carotenoids were shared by the six crops. Crop-specific flavonoids and carotenoids were identified. Flavone, anthocyanins, flavanone and polyphenol were the major metabolite differences, which showed species specificity. The flavonoid content of the grains from 17J1344 (sorghum), QZH and NMB (foxtail millet) and carotenoids from Mo17 (maize) were higher than the other samples. This study provides a better knowledge of the differences in flavonoid and carotenoid metabolites among Poaceae crops, as well as provides a theoretical basis for the identification of functional metabolites in these grains.
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Analysis of Related Metabolites Affecting Taste Values in Rice under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Amounts and Planting Densities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101508. [PMID: 35627078 PMCID: PMC9141971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the differences in metabolites related to rice quality formation under different nitrogen (N) fertilizers and planting densities. In this study, Yangnongxiang 28 was used as the experimental material with the following conditions: high nitrogen and low density (HNLD; high nitrogen: 360 kg·hm−2, low density: the row spacing of rice plants was 16 cm × 30 cm), medium nitrogen and medium density (MNMD; medium nitrogen: 270 kg·hm−2, medium density: the row spacing of rice plants was 13 cm × 30 cm), and low nitrogen and high density (LNHD; low nitrogen: 270 kg·hm−2, high density: the row spacing of rice plants was 10 cm × 30 cm). The rice quality indexes, including the processing quality, amylose content, and taste value, were compared under different treatments, and we analyzed their relationship with the metabolites. The results show that the milled rice rate of HNLD was 13.85% and was 1.89% higher than that of LNHD and MNMD, respectively. The head milled rice rate of HNLD was 32.45% and 6.39% higher than that of LNHD and MNMD, respectively. The milled rice rate and head milled rice rate of HNLD and MNMD were significantly higher than those of LNHD. This study identified 22 differential metabolites (DMs) in HNLD and LNHD, 38 DMs in HNLD and MNMD, and 23 DMs in LNHD and MNMD. Most of the identified differential metabolites were lipid metabolites, which were mainly enriched in the lipid metabolic pathways and amino acid metabolic pathways. The correlation analysis showed that the lipid metabolite physapubescin was significantly negatively correlated with the taste value. The lipid metabolites 2-undecen-1-ol, lucidenic acid F, and 8-deoxy-11,13-dihydroxygrosheimin were significantly positively correlated with the taste value. Lipids may be important substances that lead to differences in taste under different nitrogen fertilizer and density treatments.
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17
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Foodomics: Current and Future Perspectives in Food Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091238. [PMID: 35563961 PMCID: PMC9105153 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, an increase in population, and the recent pandemic crisis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 have all contributed to a period of global problems [...].
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