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Han DH, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Kim ID, Adhikari A, Kim JH. Effect of illite pretreatment on germinated Brown rice with Special Reference to amino acids, antioxidants, texture, and mineral elements. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28843. [PMID: 38665585 PMCID: PMC11043867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pretreatment process of various foods has been reported to improve their nutritional properties. The soaking of brown rice improves the texture and nutrients, which are crucial for cooking and maintaining its high functional value. Illite, a clay mineral, has recently been discovered to improve the nutritional value of seeds. Based on these findings, we soaked brown rice with different concentrations of illite solution for different durations and allowed the germination to perform analyses. Soaking the brown rice for 6 h with a germination period of 48 h was determined to be the optimal condition because of its higher sprout length. In addition, this optimal condition had improved textural characteristics such as reduced hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness, and it also had increased adhesiveness and stabilized resilience and springiness. The treatment solutions were free from heavy metal contaminants, whereas the mineral contents such as K, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na were significantly increased with the increase in illite concentration. Moreover, our results showed that illite treatment could preserve the color appearance and seed germination. The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids and antioxidants (phenolic contentγ-oryzanol, and flavonoid) of germinated brown rice was considerably increased with illite treatment. In germinated brown rice, an increase in DPPH and superoxide dismutase levels, a slight decrease in flavonoids, and no difference in polyphenol content were observed. These findings suggest that pre-soaking brown rice seeds with the appropriate concentration of illite could enhance their nutritional properties, which might attract consumers' interest to include this in their daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Heun Han
- Illite Team, Economy Division, Yeongdong-gun Office, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Kim
- Illite Team, Economy Division, Yeongdong-gun Office, South Korea
| | - So-Hyun Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- International Institute of Research and Development Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Green Technology Convergence, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27478, South Korea
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Saeed K, Nisa FK, Abdalla MA, Mühling KH. The Interplay of Sulfur and Selenium Enabling Variations in Micronutrient Accumulation in Red Spinach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12766. [PMID: 37628947 PMCID: PMC10454573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from its importance in human and animal health, low levels of foliar-applied selenate (SeO4) can be advantageous in the presence of sulfur (S), contributing to improved growth, nutrient uptake, and crop quality. A hydroponic experiment in a growth chamber explored the interactive influence of Se and S on micronutrients and several quality indices, such as soluble sugars, organic acids, and total protein concentrations in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Three levels of S (deprivation, adequate, and excessive) with varying quantities of Se (deficient, moderate, and higher) were examined in combination. Under S starvation and along with S nourishment in plant parts, Se treatments were found to cause noticeable variations in plant biomass and the concentrations of the examined elements and other quality parameters. Both Se levels promoted S accumulation in S-treated plants. Although the Se treatment had the opposite effect in shoots, it had a favorable impact on minerals (apart from Mn) in roots grown under S-limiting conditions. The S and Se relationship highlighted beneficial and/or synergistic effects for Mn and Fe in edible spinach portions. Reducing sugars were synergistically boosted by adequate S and moderate Se levels in roots, while in shoots, they were accumulated under moderate-or-higher Se and excessive S. Furthermore, the concentration of the quantified organic acids under S-deficient conditions was aided by various Se levels. In roots, moderate Se under high S application enhanced both malic acid and citric acid, while in the edible parts, higher Se under both adequate and elevated S levels were found to be advantageous in malic acid accumulation. Moreover, by elevating S levels in plant tissues, total protein concentration increased, whereas both moderate and high Se levels (Se1 and Se2) did not alter total protein accumulation in high S-applied roots and shoots. Our findings show that the high S and medium Se dose together benefit nutrient uptake; additionally, their combinations support soluble sugars and organic acids accumulation, contributing ultimately to the nutritional quality of spinach plants. Moreover, consuming 100 g of fresh red spinach shoot enriched with different Se and S levels can contribute to humans' daily micronutrients intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (F.K.N.)
| | - Karl Hermann Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (F.K.N.)
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Rashid MT, Liu K, Wei DZ, Jatoi MA, Li Q, Sarpong F. Drying kinetics and quality dynamics of ultrasound-assisted dried selenium-enriched germinated black rice. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106468. [PMID: 37327688 PMCID: PMC10422111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black rice is a functional food due to its higher protein, fiber, iron, antioxidant compounds, and other health benefits than traditional rice. The ultrasonic (US) pretreatments (10, 20, and 50 min) followed by hot-air drying (50, 60, and 70 °C) were applied to study the drying kinetics, mathematical modeling, thermodynamics, microstructure, bioactive profile, volatile compounds and to lock the nutritional composition of selenium-enriched germinated black rice (SeGBR). Ultrasonic-treated samples exhibited a 20.5% reduced drying time than control ones. The Hii model accurately describes the drying kinetics of SeGBR with the highest R2 (>0.997 to 1.00) among the fifteen studied models. The activation energy values in US-SeGBR varied from 3.97 to 13.90 kJ/mol, while the specific energy consumption ranged from 6.45 to 12.32 kWh/kg, which was lower than untreated. The obtained thermodynamic attributes of dried black rice revealed that the process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. Gallic acid, kaempferol, and cyanidin 3-glucoside were present in high concentrations in phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, respectively. The HS-SPME-GC-MS investigation detected and quantified 55 volatile compounds. The US-treated SeGBR had more volatile compounds, which may stimulate the release of more flavorful substances. The scanning electronic micrograph shows that the US-treated samples absorbed high water through several micro-cavities. Selenium concentration was significantly higher in US-treated samples at 50 °C than in control samples. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted hot-air drying accelerated drying and improved SeGBR quality, which is crucial for the food industry and global promotion of this healthiest rice variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Rashid
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Deng-Zhong Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | | | - Qingyun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- Value Addition Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Box 74, Kade, Ghana
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Kieliszek M, Serrano Sandoval SN. The importance of selenium in food enrichment processes. A comprehensive review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127260. [PMID: 37421809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element that determines the proper life functions of human and animal organisms. The content of selenium in food varies depending on the region and soil conditions. Therefore, the main source is a properly selected diet. However, in many countries, there are shortages of this element in the soil and local food. Too low an amount of this element in food can lead to many adverse changes in the body. The consequence of this may also be the occurrence of numerous potentially life-threatening diseases. Therefore, it is very important to properly introduce methods that condition the supplementation of the appropriate chemical form of this element, especially in areas with deficient selenium content. This review aims to summarize the published literature on the characterization of different types of selenium-enriched foods. At the same time, legal regulations and prospects for the future related to the production of food enriched with this element are presented. It should be noted that there are limitations and concerns with the production of such food due to the narrow safety range between the necessary and the toxic dose of this element. Therefore, selenium has been treated with special care for a very long time. For this reason, the presented mechanisms of production processes related to increasing the scale of selenium supplementation should be constantly monitored. Appropriate monitoring and development of the technological process for the production of selenium-enriched food is very important. Such food should ensure consumer safety and repeatability of the obtained product. Understanding the mechanisms and possibilities of selenium accumulation by plants and animals is one of the most important directions in the development of modern bromatology and the science of supplementation. This is particularly important in the case of rational nutrition and supplementing the human diet with an essential element such as selenium. Food technology is facing these challenges today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sayra N Serrano Sandoval
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Cheng H, Li L, Dong J, Wang S, Wu S, Rao S, Li L, Cheng S, Li L. Transcriptome and physiological determination reveal the effects of selenite on the growth and selenium metabolism in mung bean sprouts. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112880. [PMID: 37254328 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification of crops has been studied to substantially improve the Se content in human dietary food intake. In the present study, Vigna radiata (mung bean) seeds were soaked in different concentrations of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Low concentration of selenite is conducive to seed germination and growth, and can increase the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of sprouts. The concentration of Na2SeO3 lower than 50 mg/kg resulted in noticeable elongation in the stem and marginal elongation in root. Mung bean seeds soaked with 80 mg/kg Na2SeO3 accounted for 93.77% of organic Se after growing for about 5 days. Transcriptome data revealed that Se treatment enhances starch and sugar metabolism, along with the up-regulation of ribosomal protein and DNA synthesis related genes. Further analysis indicated that the mung bean seeds absorbed Na2SeO3 through PHT1.1 and NIP2. Se (IV) was transformed into Se (VI) and transported to stems, leaves and roots through cotyledons during the germination of bean sprouts. SULTR3;3 may play an important role in the transit process. Se (VI) or Se (IV) transported to the leaves was catalytically transformed into SeCys through SiR and CS, and SeCys is further converted to MeSeCys through SMT. Most SeCys were transformed into SeHCys through CBL, transported to plastids, and finally transformed into SeMet through Met Synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Jingzhou Dong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Linling Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Huanggang 438000, China.
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Yang F, Dias ACP, Zhang X. Monoclonal antibody based immunoassay: An alternative way for aquatic environmental selenium detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159909. [PMID: 36336056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns about human health encouraged increasing methodological interest in selenium (Se), which is an essential non-metal trace element and varies within a narrow concentration range between essential and toxic. In this study, two types of long-armed Se haptens (Se-hapten-lc-NHS) were synthesized for the first time using active ester formalization. In producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the derivatization of haptenized Se at para- (meta-) and ortho-sites showed different properties. Finally, a mAb derived from hybridoma 5A52 was confirmed to be capable of establishing an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). There was a successful quantitative determination of Se4+ with a detection range of 17 to 207 pmol mL-1 and a limit of detection of approximately 3.9 pmol mL-1. The mAb was found to be remarkably sensitive and specific, with no evidence of cross-reactivity with other ions. The assay was validated for four kinds of Se forms in water samples and showed satisfactory recoveries between 80 % and 108 %, with coefficients of variation of 2.1 %-11 %. The method proposed in our study offers a useful protocol for the rapid screening of Se and provides an alternative solution for the analysis of Se in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Yang
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alberto C P Dias
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
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Detection and Degradation Characterization of 16 Quinolones in Soybean Sprouts by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162500. [PMID: 36010500 PMCID: PMC9407237 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there have been increasing safety concerns about the illegal abuse of quinolone in soybean sprouts. This study aimed to establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection of 16 quinolones (QNs) in soybean sprouts, and then reveal their degradation characteristics. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile (with 1% formic acid), purified by a C18 adsorbent, and separated by an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) column. The internal standard method was applied for quantitative determination. The results demonstrated that the quantification linear range for 16 QNs was between 2.0 ng/mL and 50.0 ng/mL. The detection limits were between 0.5 μg/kg and 4.0 μg/kg, and the quantification limits were between 2.0 μg/kg and 20.0 μg/kg. This method was used to screen for quinolones in 50 batches of market soybean sprouts; the obtained results showed good agreement with those of the standard method. It was found that QNs possessed longer degradation half-life (T1/2) in the storage stage of soybean sprouts, while they degraded to some extent during the germination stage via active enzyme action. In particular, ciprofloxacin was the most stable QNs with a T1/2 of 70.71 d during the storage stage of soybean sprouts. This work not only offers an accurate and efficient QNs residual analysis strategy but also provides a reference for the supervision and management of QNs in foods.
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