|
1
|
Dao W, Fan X, Liang J, Chen T, Chang Z, Zhang Y, Miao Y. Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Gene in Buffalo: Implications for Milk Fat Synthesis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3191. [PMID: 39595243 PMCID: PMC11590957 DOI: 10.3390/ani14223191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The SCD is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in dairy cows; however, its role in the mammary gland of buffalo is not well understood. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the buffalo SCD gene from mammary gland tissue and investigated its effects on milk fat synthesis using bioinformatics analyses, tissue differential expression detection, and cellular functional experiments. The cloned SCD gene has a CDS length of 1080 bp, encoding a protein of 359 amino acids. This protein is hydrophilic, lacks a signal peptide, and contains four transmembrane domains, including 10 conserved motifs and a Delta9-FADS domain, characteristic of the fatty acid desaturase family involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis within the endoplasmic reticulum. Molecular characterization revealed that the physicochemical properties, conserved domains, structures, and functions of buffalo SCD are highly similar to those in other Bovidae species. Among the tissues analyzed, SCD expression was highest in the mammary gland during lactation and in the cerebellum during dry-off period. Notably, SCD expression in the mammary gland was significantly higher during lactation compared to the dry-off period. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that SCD functions in the endoplasmic reticulum of buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs). Functional overexpression and interference experiments in BuMECs demonstrated that SCD promotes milk fat synthesis by affecting the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes such as ACACA, FASN, and DGAT1, as well as milk fat regulatory genes like SREBFs and PPARG, thereby influencing intracellular triglyceride (TAG) content. Additionally, 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the buffalo SCD gene, with a specific SNP at c.-605, showing potential as molecular markers for improving milk production traits. These findings highlight that the SCD gene is a key gene in buffalo milk fat synthesis, involved in the de novo synthesis of milk fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Dao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.D.); (X.F.); (Z.C.)
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xinyang Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.D.); (X.F.); (Z.C.)
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Jianping Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center of Dehong Prefecture, Mangshi 678400, China;
| | - Tao Chen
- Mangshi Animal Husbandry Station, Mangshi 678400, China;
| | - Zaoshang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.D.); (X.F.); (Z.C.)
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Yongyun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongwang Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.D.); (X.F.); (Z.C.)
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Li L, Miao W, Li Z, Huang L, Hau E, Khan MF, Liu Q, Zeng Q, Cui K. Meta-Genomic Analysis of Different Bacteria and Their Genomes Found in Raw Buffalo Milk Obtained in Various Farms Using Different Milking Methods. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1081. [PMID: 39202441 PMCID: PMC11353964 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Milking methods have significant impacts on the microbiological composition, which could affect the quality of raw buffalo milk. Hence, the current study was conducted on the impact of milking methods on microorganisms in buffalo tank raw milk from 15 farms in Guangxi, China. The farms were divided into two groups based on the milking method: mechanical milking (MM, n = 6) and hand milking (HM, n = 9). Somatic cell counts, bacterial cell counts and nutrients of the raw buffalo milk samples were analyzed. The comparison of raw buffalo milk samples was analyzed using metagenomic sequencing to detect any differences between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the basic nutritional compositions and somatic cell count of raw buffalo milk between the two milking methods. However, the HM samples had significantly higher bacterial counts and diversity compared to the MM samples. The results showed that Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were the major microbes present in canned raw buffalo milk. However, the differences between the two milking methods were the relative abundance of core microorganisms and their potential mastitis-causing genera, including the content of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence genes. Our study revealed that Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were significantly more abundant in the MM group, while Klebsiella spp. was more abundant in the HM group. Regardless of the milking method used, Pseudomonas spp. was identified as the primary genus contributing to antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in canned raw buffalo milk. These findings affirm that there are differences in the microbial and genomic levels in canned raw milk. To prove the functional roles of the discovered genes and how these genes affect milk quality, further research and experimental validation are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.L.); (W.M.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Buffalo Milk Quality and Safety Control Technology Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (L.H.); (E.H.)
| | - Wenhao Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.L.); (W.M.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.L.); (W.M.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Buffalo Milk Quality and Safety Control Technology Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (L.H.); (E.H.)
| | - Li Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Buffalo Milk Quality and Safety Control Technology Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (L.H.); (E.H.)
| | - Enghuan Hau
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Buffalo Milk Quality and Safety Control Technology Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (L.H.); (E.H.)
| | | | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.L.); (W.M.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Qingkun Zeng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Buffalo Milk Quality and Safety Control Technology Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (L.H.); (E.H.)
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.L.); (W.M.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Li Z, Li R, Ren H, Qin C, Su J, Song X, Wang S, Liu Q, Liu Y, Cui K. Role of Different Members of the AGPAT Gene Family in Milk Fat Synthesis in Bubalus bubalis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2072. [PMID: 38003015 PMCID: PMC10671497 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During triacylglycerol synthesis, the acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) family catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid and the acylation of sn-2 fatty acids. However, the catalytic activity of different AGPAT members is different. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism through which different AGPATs affect the efficiency of TAG synthesis and fatty acid composition. The conservation of amino acid sequences and protein domains of the AGPAT family was analyzed, and the functions of AGPAT1, AGPAT3, and AGPAT4 genes in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were studied using RNA interference and gene overexpression. Prediction of the protein tertiary structure of the AGPAT family demonstrated that four conservative motifs (motif1, motif2, motif3, and motif6) formed a hydrophobic pocket in AGPAT proteins, except AGPAT6. According to cytological studies, AGPAT1, AGPAT3, and AGPAT4 were found to promote the synthesis and fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerol, especially UFA compositions of triacylglycerol, by regulating ACSL1, FASN, GPAM, DGAT2, and PPARG gene expression. This study provides new insights into the role of different AGPAT gene family members involved in TAG synthesis, and a reference for improving the fatty acid composition of milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Ruijia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Honghe Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Chaobin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Jie Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Xinhui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuwan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.L.); (H.R.); (C.Q.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Q.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Analysis and Test Research, Nanning 530022, China;
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Q.L.); (K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Taaifi Y, Belhaj K, Mansouri F, Rbah Y, Melhaoui R, Houmy N, Ben moumen A, Azeroual E, Addi M, Elamrani A, Serghini-Caid H. The Effect of Feeding Laying Hens with Nonindustrial Hemp Seed on the Fatty Acid Profile, Cholesterol Level, and Tocopherol Composition of Egg Yolk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:1360276. [PMID: 37273530 PMCID: PMC10239304 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1360276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how cannabis-derived nonindustrial hemp seed (HS) inclusion in laying hen diets, as well as treatment duration, affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol level, and tocopherol composition of egg yolks. Ninety-six (n = 96) Lohmann Brown classic laying hens were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: control (standard diet) and HS-containing diets (10% HS, 20% HS, and 30% HS). The study was conducted for a period of 4 months. The findings demonstrated that the FA profile and the tocopherol composition are strongly impacted by the addition of HS to the diet of laying hens (p < 0.05), but the cholesterol content remained unaffected. The increase in the dose of cannabis incorporated into the hen's diet (HS-30% group) led to a significant increase in the amounts of the polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 and n-6 content of egg yolk. This enrichment was accompanied by a considerable decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.001) from 8.19 to 4.88, on day 84 of the experiment. The total tocopherol content significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 281.44 (control) to 327.02 μg/g yolk (HS-30%) on day 84. Finally, in the context of warfare, these seeds might be used as a feed additive for laying hens to produce higher nutritive value eggs with affordable prices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taaifi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agriculture Management, Higher School of Technology Sidi Bennour, University Chouaib Doukkali, Street Jabran Khalil Jabran BP, 299-24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed I University, BP-410, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Youssef Rbah
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Reda Melhaoui
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nadia Houmy
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdesammad Ben moumen
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hana Serghini-Caid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Binyameen M, Khan MIR, Haque MNU, Tausif MA, Kok A, van Knegsel ATM, Tahir MZ. Effect of prepartum dietary energy sources on productive and reproductive performance in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:88. [PMID: 36808487 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Feeding of dietary energy sources has been extensively studied in dairy cows but not well described in dairy buffaloes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prepartum dietary energy sources on productive and reproductive performance in Nili Ravi buffaloes (n = 21). The buffaloes were offered isocaloric (1.55 Mcal/kg DM NEL (net energy for lactation)) glucogenic (GD), lipogenic (LD), and mixed diet (MD) during 63 days prepartum and maintained (1.27 Mcal/kg DM NEL) at lactation diet (LCD) during 14 weeks postpartum. Effects of dietary energy sources and week on animals were analyzed with the mixed model. The DMI, BCS, and body weights remained similar during the pre- and postpartum periods. The prepartum diets did not affect birth weight, blood metabolites, milk yield, and composition. The GD tended to early uterine involution, more follicle numbers, and early follicle formation. The prepartum feeding of dietary energy source had a similar effect on first estrus expression, days open, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and calving interval. So, it could be concluded that prepartum feeding of an isocaloric dietary energy source had a similar effect on the performance of buffaloes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Binyameen
- Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, District Kasur, 55300, Pakistan
| | - M I R Khan
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M N U Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M A Tausif
- Livestock Experiment Station Bhunikey, Pattoki, District Kasur, 55300, Pakistan
| | - A Kok
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A T M van Knegsel
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Z Tahir
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|