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Xu C, She Y, Fu F, Xu C, Peng K. Review of advances in molecular structure and biological function of alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2024; 88:138-144. [PMID: 39355682 PMCID: PMC11418754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Alpha toxin has become the subject of research in recent years. The objective of this article was to review and summarize recent research on the molecular structure and biological function of the alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens. This includes the work of our research team, as well as that of other researchers. Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacillus. It can cause various intestinal diseases, such as gas gangrene, food poisoning, non-foodborne diarrhea, and enteritis. Clostridium perfringens can be classified into 5 toxinotypes A, B, C, D, and E, based on the production of major toxins. Each type of C. perfringens produces alpha toxin, which is one of the most important lethal and dermonecrotic toxins and is considered a primary virulence factor. Alpha toxin is a multifunctional metalloenzyme with phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase activities that simultaneously hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. It can therefore destroy the integrity of cell membranes and eventually cause cell lysis. The clinical effects of alpha toxins are characterized by cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, lethality, skin necrosis, platelet aggregation, and increased vascular permeability. Future research will concentrate on the pathogenesis of a lpha toxin exposure, clarifying the interaction between alpha toxin and the cell membrane and investigating the mechanism of activating platelet function. This research will have substantial theoretical and practical value in controlling disease progression, identifying targeted therapeutic sites, and reducing the toxic effects of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongli Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, 82 Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China (Chongli Xu, She, Fu, Peng); School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China (Chongbo Xu)
| | - Yuhan She
- College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, 82 Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China (Chongli Xu, She, Fu, Peng); School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China (Chongbo Xu)
| | - Fengyang Fu
- College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, 82 Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China (Chongli Xu, She, Fu, Peng); School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China (Chongbo Xu)
| | - Chongbo Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, 82 Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China (Chongli Xu, She, Fu, Peng); School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China (Chongbo Xu)
| | - Kun Peng
- College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, 82 Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, PR China (Chongli Xu, She, Fu, Peng); School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China (Chongbo Xu)
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Wang C, Zhao J, Lin Y, Lwin SZC, El-Telbany M, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Characterization of Two Novel Endolysins from Bacteriophage PEF1 and Evaluation of Their Combined Effects on the Control of Enterococcus faecalis Planktonic and Biofilm Cells. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:884. [PMID: 39335057 PMCID: PMC11428236 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Endolysin, a bacteriophage-derived lytic enzyme, has emerged as a promising alternative antimicrobial agent against rising multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Two novel endolysins LysPEF1-1 and LysPEF1-2 derived from Enterococcus phage PEF1 were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli to test their antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains and their biofilms. LysPEF1-1 comprises an enzymatically active domain and a cell-wall-binding domain originating from the NLPC-P60 and SH3 superfamilies, while LysPEF1-2 contains a putative peptidoglycan recognition domain that belongs to the PGRP superfamily. LysPEF1-1 was active against 89.86% (62/69) of Enterococcus spp. tested, displaying a wider antibacterial spectrum than phage PEF1. Moreover, two endolysins demonstrated lytic activity against additional gram-positive and gram-negative species pretreated with chloroform. LysPEF1-1 showed higher activity against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strain E5 than LysPEF1-2. The combination of two endolysins effectively reduced planktonic cells of E5 in broth and was more efficient at inhibiting biofilm formation and removing biofilm cells of E. faecalis JCM 7783T than used individually. Especially at 4 °C, they reduced viable biofilm cells by 4.5 log after 2 h of treatment on glass slide surfaces. The results suggest that two novel endolysins could be alternative antimicrobial agents for controlling E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.C.L.); (M.E.-T.)
| | - Junxin Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.C.L.); (M.E.-T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.C.L.); (M.E.-T.)
| | - Su Zar Chi Lwin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.C.L.); (M.E.-T.)
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.C.L.); (M.E.-T.)
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Facultuy of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Ken-ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Facultuy of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Facultuy of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
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Eghbalpoor F, Gorji M, Alavigeh MZ, Moghadam MT. Genetically engineered phages and engineered phage-derived enzymes to destroy biofilms of antibiotics resistance bacteria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35666. [PMID: 39170521 PMCID: PMC11336853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
"An impregnable stronghold where one or more warrior clans can evade enemy attacks" may serve as a description of bacterial biofilm on a smaller level than human conflicts. Consider this hypothetical conflict: who would emerge victorious? The occupants of secure trenches or those carrying out relentless assault? Either faction has the potential for triumph; the defenders will prevail if they can fortify the trench with unwavering resolve, while the assailants will succeed if they can devise innovative means to breach the trench. Hence, bacterial biofilms pose a significant challenge and are formidable adversaries for medical professionals, often leading to the failure of antibiotic treatments in numerous hospital infections. Phage engineering has become the foundation for the targeted enhancement of various phage properties, facilitating the eradication of biofilms. Researchers across the globe have studied the impact of engineered phages and phage-derived enzymes on biofilms formed by difficult-to-treat bacteria. These novel biological agents have shown promising results in addressing biofilm-related challenges. The compilation of research findings highlights the impressive capabilities of engineered phages in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, superbugs, and challenging infections. Specifically, these engineered phages exhibit enhanced biofilm destruction, penetration, and prevention capabilities compared to their natural counterparts. Additionally, the engineered enzymes derived from phages demonstrate improved effectiveness in addressing bacterial biofilms. As a result, these novel solutions, which demonstrate high penetration, destruction, and inhibition of biofilms, can be regarded as a viable option for addressing infectious biofilms in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eghbalpoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Gorji
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani Alavigeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ba X, Jin Y, Ning X, Gao Y, Li W, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou J. Clostridium perfringens in the Intestine: Innocent Bystander or Serious Threat? Microorganisms 2024; 12:1610. [PMID: 39203452 PMCID: PMC11356505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clostridium perfringens epidemic threatens biosecurity and causes significant economic losses. C. perfringens infections are linked to more than one hundred million cases of food poisoning annually, and 8-60% of susceptible animals are vulnerable to infection, resulting in an economic loss of more than 6 hundred million USD. The enzymes and toxins (>20 species) produced by C. perfringens play a role in intestinal colonization, immunological evasion, intestinal micro-ecosystem imbalance, and intestinal mucosal disruption, all influencing host health. In recent decades, there has been an increase in drug resistance in C. perfringens due to antibiotic misuse and bacterial evolution. At the same time, traditional control interventions have proven ineffective, highlighting the urgent need to develop and implement new strategies and approaches to improve intervention targeting. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics, transmission routes, colonization dynamics, and pathogenic mechanisms of C. perfringens will aid in the development of optimal therapeutic strategies and vaccines for C. perfringens management. Here, we review the global epidemiology of C. perfringens, as well as the molecular features and roles of various virulence factors in C. perfringens pathogenicity. In addition, we emphasize measures to prevent and control this zoonotic disease to reduce the transmission and infection of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Youshun Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xuan Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yidan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
| | - Yunhui Li
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yihan Wang
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
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Wang Y, Tong G, Jiang X, Tu C, Cai H, Fang W, Tan H, Weng Q, Wei X, Lin M. Biologic and genomic characterization of a novel virulent Aeromonas hydrophila phage phiA051, with high homology to prophages. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415685. [PMID: 39091387 PMCID: PMC11292799 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aeromonas hydrophila is particularly harmful to freshwater aquaculture, and the search for phage is an effective biological control method, but reports of possible temperate phages and their mutants are rare in this field. In this study, a virulent phage highly homologous to prophage in the genomes of A. hydrophila was collected and preliminary biological characterization was carried out to understand its nature. Materials and methods Water samples taken from eel ponds in Fujian, China were combined with the strain. Spot test method and double-layer agar plate assay was used for confirmation and purification. Phage virions were observed using transmission electron microscope. A total of 68 strains of Aeromonas spp. were used to determine the host range. MOI groups of 1,000, 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001 were prepared to detect the optimal MOI. The conditions of thermal stability assay were set as 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C for 1 h, respectively, and conditions of acid and alkali stability assay were set as 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 of pH. MOI of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively, are set to determine the inhibitory capacity of phage. Results A novel virulent A. hydrophila phage designated phiA051 has been isolated from aquaculture water. Electron microscopic observation showed that the phage phiA051 was composed of an icosahedral capsid. The phage phiA051 possesses an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, and its burst size was 108 PFU/cell. The phage maintained a high viability at temperatures of 30-50°C or pH 6.0-10.0 for 1 h. Phage phiA051 has certain potentials in rapidly inhibiting the spread of pathogen early in the outbreak, and it has a linear dsDNA with GC content of 60.55% and a total length of 32,212 bp, including 46 ORFs. Discussion The phage phiA051 behaved as a virulent phage. However, the BLASTN result showed that 23 of the top 25 hits were genomes of Aeromonas strains. It was suggested that phiA051 was probably derived from some prophage in the chromosome of Aeromonas. Further investigation of the mechanism how phage phiA051 transforms from a temperate phage to a virulent phage will provide a unique perspective and idea to explore the potential of prophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guixiang Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xinglong Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuandeng Tu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongjiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenhong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglian Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qibiao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Eel Aquaculture and Processing of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxian Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China
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Tian X, Li J, Liu S, Dong Q, Fu Y, Luo R, Sun Y, Guo L, Lu Q, Ye C, Liu J, Fu S, Qiu Y. Anemoside B4 attenuates necrotic enteritis of laying hens induced by Clostridium perfringens via inhibiting NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33161. [PMID: 39005924 PMCID: PMC11239702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry necrotic enteritis is an important enteric disease which might be controlled by antibiotics. However, with the excessive use of antibiotics, the phenomenon of drug resistance of Clostridium perfringens is becoming increasingly prominent. Anemoside B4 exhibits important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. This study was performed to estimate the effect of Anemoside B4 on chicken necrotic enteritis induced by C. perfringens in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiment we investigated the efficacy of Anemoside B4 on the growth curve, biofilm formation, haemolytic activity, virulence-related gene expression and NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in Caco-2 cells induced by C. perfringens. The results showed that 12.5-50 μg/mL Anemoside B4 had no antibacterial activity but could inhibit biofilm formation, attenuate haemolytic activity and virulence-related gene expression of C. perfringens and weaken NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation triggered by C. perfringens in Caco-2 cells. In the in vivo experiment, 60 17-day-old healthy White Leghorns were randomly divided into six groups. The growing laying hens of the control group were fed a basic diet, and those of the five challenged groups were fed a basic diet (infection group), added 0.43 g/kg Anemoside B4 (0.43 g/kg Ane group), 0.86 g/kg Anemoside B4 (0.86 g/kg Ane group), 1.72 g/kg Anemoside B4 (1.72 g/kg Ane group) and 40 mg/kg lincomycin (lincomycin group), respectively. All challenged laying hens were infected with 1 × 109 CFU C. perfringens from day 17-20. Blood and intestinal samples were obtained, and the data demonstrated that Anemoside B4 improved the blood biochemical parameters, attenuated jejunum tissue injury, increased the spleen, thymus, bursa of fabricius index, and decreased lesion scores of the jejunum and the ileum. In the jejunum, Anemoside B4 and lincomycin downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ at mRNA levels. Moreover, Anemoside B4 significantly enhanced both mRNA and protein levels of tight junctions ZO-1, Claudin-1 and MUC-2 in the jejunum. Anemoside B4 weakened p-P65, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression in the jejunum infected by C. perfringens. Diets supplemented with Anemoside B4 alleviated C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in laying hens by inhibiting NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways and improving intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Yunjian Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Ronghui Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
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Li Y, Luo L, Wang W, Hong B, Ma Y, Wang J. Characterization of a cell wall hydrolase with high activity against vegetative cells, spores and biofilm of Bacillus cereus. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110617. [PMID: 38335884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a prevalent foodborne pathogen that induces food poisoning symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. Its capacity to form spores and biofilm enables it to withstand disinfectants and antimicrobials, leading to persistent contamination during food processing. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel and efficient antimicrobial agents to control B. cereus, its spores, and biofilms. Peptidoglycan hydrolases have emerged as a promising and eco-friendly alternative owing to their specific lytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Here, we identified and characterized a Lysozyme-like cell wall hydrolase Lys14579, from the genome of B. cereus ATCC 14579. Recombinant Lys14579 specifically lysed B. cereus without affecting other bacteria. Lys14579 exhibited strong lytic activity against B. cereus, effectively lysing B. cereus cell within 20 min at low concentration (10 μg/mL). It also inhibited the germination of B. cereus spores and prevented biofilm formation at 12.5 μg/mL. Moreover, Lys14579 displayed good antimicrobial stability with negligible hemolysis in mouse red blood cells and no cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells. Notably, Lys14579 effectively inhibited B. cereus in boiled rice and minced meat in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and point mutagenesis experiments revealed that Glu-47 was the catalytic site, and Asp-57, Gln-60, Ser-61 and Glu-63 were active-site residues related with the cell wall lytic activity. Taken together, Lys14579 could be a promising biocontrol agent against vegetative cells, spores, and biofilm of B. cereus in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Hong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liu H, Wei X, Wang Z, Huang X, Li M, Hu Z, Zhang K, Hu Q, Peng H, Shang W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lu S, Rao X. LysSYL: a broad-spectrum phage endolysin targeting Staphylococcus species and eradicating S. aureus biofilms. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:89. [PMID: 38528536 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus and its single or mixed biofilm infections seriously threaten global public health. Phage therapy, which uses active phage particles or phage-derived endolysins, has emerged as a promising alternative strategy to antibiotic treatment. However, high-efficient phage therapeutic regimens have yet to be established. RESULTS In this study, we used an enrichment procedure to isolate phages against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) XN108. We characterized phage SYL, a new member of the Kayvirus genus, Herelleviridae family. The phage endolysin LysSYL was expressed. LysSYL demonstrated stability under various conditions and exhibited a broader range of efficacy against staphylococcal strains than its parent phage (100% vs. 41.7%). Moreover, dynamic live/dead bacterial observation demonstrated that LysSYL could completely lyse MRSA USA300 within 10 min. Scan and transmission electron microscopy revealed evident bacterial cell perforation and deformation. In addition, LysSYL displayed strong eradication activity against single- and mixed-species biofilms associated with S. aureus. It also had the ability to kill bacterial persisters, and proved highly effective in eliminating persistent S. aureus when combined with vancomycin. Furthermore, LysSYL protected BALB/c mice from lethal S. aureus infections. A single-dose treatment with 50 mg/kg of LysSYL resulted in a dramatic reduction in bacterial loads in the blood, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys of a peritonitis mouse model, which resulted in rescuing 100% of mice challenged with 108 colony forming units of S. aureus USA300. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data provided in this study highlight the strong therapeutic potential of endolysin LysSYL in combating staphylococcal infections, including mono- and mixed-species biofilms related to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Zhefen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China.
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9
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Son SM, Kim J, Ryu S. Development of sensitizer peptide-fused endolysin Lys1S-L9P acting against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1296796. [PMID: 38075915 PMCID: PMC10701683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a major threat to public health, garnering attention to novel antibiotic replacements. Endolysin, a bacteriophage-derived cell wall-degrading enzyme, is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. However, it is challenging to control Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of the outer membrane that shields the peptidoglycan layer from enzymatic degradation. To overcome this threshold, we constructed the fusion endolysin Lys1S-L9P by combining endolysin LysSPN1S with KL-L9P, a sensitizer peptide known to extend efficacy of antibiotics by perturbing the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, we established a new endolysin purification procedure that increases solubility allowing a 4-fold increase in production yield of Lys1S-L9P. The sensitizer peptide-fused endolysin Lys1S-L9P exhibited high bactericidal effects against many MDR Gram-negative pathogens and was more effective in eradicating biofilms compared to LysSPN1S. Moreover, Lys1S-L9P showed potential for clinical use, maintaining stability at various storage temperatures without cytotoxicity against human cells. In the in vivo Galleria mellonella model, Lys1S-L9P demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria without inducing any toxic activity. This study suggest that Lys1S-L9P could be a potential biocontrol agent to combat MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Son
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonbeom Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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E S, Gummadi SN. Advances in the applications of Bacteriophages and phage products against food-contaminating bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37861086 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2271098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Food-contaminating bacteria pose a threat to food safety and the economy by causing foodborne illnesses and spoilage. Bacteriophages, a group of viruses that infect only bacteria, have the potential to control bacteria throughout the "farm-to-fork continuum". Phage application offers several advantages, including targeted action against specific bacterial strains and minimal impact on the natural microflora of food. This review covers multiple aspects of bacteriophages applications in the food industry, including their use as biocontrol and biopreservation agents to fight over 20 different genera of food-contaminating bacteria, reduce cross-contamination and the risk of foodborne diseases, and also to prolong shelf life and preserve freshness. The review also highlights the benefits of using bacteriophages in bioprocesses to selectively inhibit undesirable bacteria, such as substrate competitors and toxin producers, which is particularly valuable in complex microbial bioprocesses where physical or chemical methods become inadequate. Furthermore, the review briefly discusses other uses of bacteriophages in the food industry, such as sanitizing food processing environments and detecting specific bacteria in food products. The review also explores strategies to enhance the effectiveness of phages, such as employing multi-phage cocktails, encapsulated phages, phage products, and synergistic hurdle approaches by combining them with antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja E
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory (AIM Lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory (AIM Lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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11
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Garvey M. Foodborne Clostridioides Species: Pathogenicity, Virulence and Biocontrol Options. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2483. [PMID: 37894141 PMCID: PMC10609181 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides species possess many virulence factors and alarming levels of muti-drug resistance which make them a significant risk to public health safety and a causative agent of livestock disease. Clostridioides result in serious systemic and gastrointestinal diseases such as myonecrosis, colitis, food poisoning and gastroenteritis. As foodborne pathogens, Clostridioides species are associated with significant incidences of morbidity and mortality where the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics predisposes patients to virulent Clostridioides colonisation. As part of the One Health approach, there is an urgent need to eliminate the use of antibiotics in food production to safeguard animals, humans and the environment. Alternative options are warranted to control foodborne pathogens at all stages of food production. Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophages have demonstrated efficacy against Clostridioides species and may offer antimicrobial biocontrol options. The bacteriocin nisin, for example, has been implemented as a biopreservative for the control of Listeria, Staphylococcus and Clostridia species in food. Bacteriophage preparations have also gained recognition for the antibacterial action against highly virulent bacterial species including foodborne pathogens. Studies are warranted to mitigate the formulation and administration limitations associated with the application of such antimicrobials as biocontrol strategies. This review outlines foodborne Clostridioides species, their virulence factors, and potential biocontrol options for application in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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12
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Nazir A, Xu X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Phage Endolysins: Advances in the World of Food Safety. Cells 2023; 12:2169. [PMID: 37681901 PMCID: PMC10486871 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, the exploration of alternative approaches to safeguard food safety becomes more crucial than ever. Phage endolysins are enzymes derived from phages that possess the ability to break down bacterial cell walls. They have emerged as promising antibacterial agents suitable for integration into food processing systems. Their application as food preservatives can effectively regulate pathogens, thus contributing to an overall improvement in food safety. This review summarizes the latest techniques considering endolysins' potential for food safety. These techniques include native and engineered endolysins for controlling bacterial contamination at different points within the food production chain. However, we find that characterizing endolysins through in vitro methods proves to be time consuming and resource intensive. Alternatively, the emergence of advanced high-throughput sequencing technology necessitates the creation of a robust computational framework to efficiently characterize recently identified endolysins, paving the way for future research. Machine learning encompasses potent tools capable of analyzing intricate datasets and pattern recognition. This study briefly reviewed the use of these industry 4.0 technologies for advancing the research in food industry. We aimed to provide current status of endolysins in food industry and new insights by implementing these industry 4.0 strategies revolutionizes endolysin development. It will enhance food safety, customization, efficiency, transparency, and collaboration while reducing regulatory hurdles and ensuring timely product availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Arsene MMJ, Viktorovna PI, Alla M, Mariya M, Davares AKL, Carime BZ, Anatolievna GO, Vyacheslavovna YN, Vladimirovna ZA, Andreevna SL, Aleksandrovna VE, Alekseevich BL, Nikolaïevna BM, Parfait K, Andrey V. Antimicrobial activity of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles using Carica papaya L. against Gram-negative bacteria. Vet World 2023; 16:1301-1311. [PMID: 37577189 PMCID: PMC10421558 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1301-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antibiotic resistance, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, is a major public health risk affecting all industries requiring the use of antibiotics, including agriculture and animal breeding. This study aimed to use papaya extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against various Gram-negative bacteria. Materials and Methods Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the aqueous extracts of papaya seed, root, and bark, with AgNO3 used as a reducing agent. The phytofabricated AgNPs were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible absorbance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and photon cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS). The disc-diffusion method was used to perform antibacterial analysis, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations were determined. We also investigated the antibiofilm activity of AgNPs and attempted to elucidate the potential mechanism of action on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Results Phytofabrication of AgNPs was successful with papaya root (PR-AgNPs) and papaya seed (PS-AgNPs), but not with papaya bark. Silver nanoparticles using papaya root and PS-AgNPs were both cubic and showed maximum absorbances of 2.6 and 0.3 AUs at 411.6 and 416.8 nm wavelengths and average hydrodynamic diameters X50 of 59.46 ± 7.03 and 66.57 ± 8.89 nm, respectively. The Ag in both AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence by a distinctive peak in the spectrum at the silver Kα line of 22.105 keV. Both AgNPs exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-negative bacteria, and PR-AgNPs were slightly better than AgNPs-PS. The MIC ranged from 16 μg/mL-128 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL-64 μg/mL, respectively, for PS-AgNPs and PR-AgNPs. The elucidation of the mechanism of action revealed interference with E. coli ATCC 25922 growth kinetics and inhibition of H+-ATPase proton pumps. Conclusion Papaya seed and root extracts were efficient reducing agents for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs, with noteworthy antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Future studies should be conducted to identify the phytochemicals and the mechanism involved in AgNPs synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Podoprigora Irina Viktorovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marukhlenko Alla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Morozova Mariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anyutoulou Kitio Linda Davares
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bassa Zacharie Carime
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Gizinger Oksana Anatolievna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yashina Natalya Vyacheslavovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhigunova Anna Vladimirovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Smolyakova Larissa Andreevna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilieva Elena Aleksandrovna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Butusov Leonid Alekseevich
- Institute of Innovative Engineering Technologies, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Borekhova Marina Nikolaïevna
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kezimana Parfait
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrarian Institute, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vodyashkin Andrey
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology. RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Deng H, Li M, Zhang Q, Gao C, Song Z, Chen C, Wang Z, Feng X. The Broad-Spectrum Endolysin LySP2 Improves Chick Survival after Salmonella Pullorum Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040836. [PMID: 37112818 PMCID: PMC10142873 DOI: 10.3390/v15040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella pullorum causes typical “Bacillary White Diarrhea” and loss of appetite in chicks, which leads to the death of chicks in severe cases; thus, it is still a critical issue in China. Antibiotics are conventional medicines used for Salmonella infections; however, due to the extensive long-term use and even abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance becomes increasingly severe, making treating pullorum disease more difficult. Most of the endolysins are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages to cleave the host’s cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. A virulent bacteriophage, YSP2, of Salmonella was isolated in a previous study. A Pichia pastoris expression strain that can express the Salmonella bacteriophage endolysin was constructed efficiently, and the Gram-negative bacteriophage endolysin, LySP2, was obtained in this study. Compared with the parental phage YSP2, which can only lyse Salmonella, LySP2 can lyse Salmonella and Escherichia. The survival rate of Salmonella-infected chicks treated with LySP2 can reach up to 70% and reduce Salmonella abundance in the liver and intestine. The treatment group showed that LySP2 significantly improved the health of infected chicks and alleviated organ damage caused by Salmonella infection. In this study, the Salmonella bacteriophage endolysin was expressed efficiently by Pichia pastoris, and the endolysin LySP2 showed good potential for the treatment of pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chencheng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanyun Song
- Changchun Customs District, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-0430-0193
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