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Fuente-Ballesteros A, Bernal J, Ares AM, Valverde S. Development and validation of a green analytical method for simultaneously determining plasticizers residues in honeys from different botanical origins. Food Chem 2024; 455:139888. [PMID: 38843712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel method has been proposed to determine nine plasticizers in honey samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An efficient sample treatment was proposed (average analyte recoveries between 77% and 118%) involving a double solvent extraction with ethyl acetate, followed by a clean-up step with florisil. Chromatographic analysis (< 21 min) was performed in an Agilent HP-5MS column under programmed temperature conditions. The greenness of the method was assessed with different tools that classified it as environmentally friendly. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (0.1-3.1 μg kg-1) and quantification (0.2-10.3 μg kg-1), linearity, matrix effect, trueness, and precision (relative standard deviation <9%). An analysis of thirty samples from different sources (commercial or experimental apiaries) revealed the presence of residues of five plasticizers in most of the samples. Finally, health risk assessment was evaluated, and the results indicated no associated health risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Fuente-Ballesteros
- Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), I. U. CINQUIMA, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Bernal
- Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), I. U. CINQUIMA, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ares
- Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), I. U. CINQUIMA, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Valverde
- Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), I. U. CINQUIMA, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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2
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Moussaif A, El Maliki K, Bellemjid N, El Mzibri M, Iddar A. Pesticide residues in traditional and industrial honey marketed in Morocco and potential health risk. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38835106 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2362981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of the three pesticides methomyl (MET), carbendazim (CBZ) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPE), as well as the degradation product of CPE (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCP), in 44 honey samples from all 12 regions of Morocco. With a validated HPLC-UV method occurrence frequencies of 63.6% for MET, 54.5% for CBZ, 95.1% for CPE and 34.1% for TCP were obtained, even at concentrations higher than the maximum residue limits for MET, CPE and TCP. Based on the predominant pesticide, principal component analysis separated sampling regions into three groups. Risk assessment indicated that ingestion of these pesticides, alone or in combination, in honey did not pose a risk to consumers (HQ and HI < 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Moussaif
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khaoula El Maliki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory and Methodology of Synthesis, Euromed University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Najwa Bellemjid
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Iddar
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
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3
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Derrar S, Lo Turco V, Albergamo A, Sgrò B, Ayad MA, Litrenta F, Saim MS, Potortì AG, Aggad H, Rando R, Di Bella G. Study of Physicochemical Quality and Organic Contamination in Algerian Honey. Foods 2024; 13:1413. [PMID: 38731784 PMCID: PMC11083514 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural product extensively consumed in the world for its nutritional and healthy properties. However, residues of pesticides and environmental contaminants can compromise its quality. For this reason, the physicochemical parameters, and the organic contamination of monofloral and multifloral honey from three regions of Algeria (Tiaret, Laghouat, and Tindouf) were monitored to evaluate the quality of the honey and its safety for consumers. In general, the results obtained from the physicochemical analyses were in line with the EU standards. In terms of contamination, pesticides authorised and used in Algerian agriculture (metalaxyl-M and cyromazine), as well as a banned pesticide (carbaryl), were found in almost all the samples. However, only the concentration of cyromazine was higher than the relative EU maximum residue levels. PCB 180, PCB 189, anthracene, fluorene, and phenanthrene were mainly detected. All the honey shows traces of DiBP, DBP, DEHP, and DEHT, but no traces of bisphenols were found. Moreover, according to the dietary exposure assessment, a small amount of Algerian honey can be safely consumed. Overall, the data from this study should motivate the Algerian government to enhance their monitoring activities in beekeeping and to find solutions for implementing more sustainable agricultural practices harmonising with international legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Derrar
- Laboratoire d’Hygiène et Pathologie Animale, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (S.D.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (F.L.); (A.G.P.); (R.R.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (F.L.); (A.G.P.); (R.R.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Benedetta Sgrò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mohamed Amine Ayad
- Laboratoire d’Hygiène et Pathologie Animale, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (S.D.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Federica Litrenta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (F.L.); (A.G.P.); (R.R.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Mohamed Said Saim
- Laboratoire d’Hygiène et Pathologie Animale, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (S.D.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (F.L.); (A.G.P.); (R.R.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Hebib Aggad
- Laboratoire d’Hygiène et Pathologie Animale, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (S.D.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (F.L.); (A.G.P.); (R.R.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (F.L.); (A.G.P.); (R.R.); (G.D.B.)
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4
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Potortì AG, Lopreiato V, Nava V, Litrenta F, Lo Turco V, Santini A, Liotta L, Di Bella G. The use of olive cake in the diet of dairy cows improves the mineral elements of Provola cheese. Food Chem 2024; 436:137713. [PMID: 37857194 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Mineral elements (Ca, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Ti, Sr, Fe, Ni, Ba, Cr, Mn, Cu, Se, Cd, Mo, B, V, As, Pb and Hg) in Provola cheeses obtained from dairy cows fed with two different integrated diets (Biotrak) and without olive cake (Control) were determined to discriminate between the two different cheeses. The results showed that cheeses from the Biotrak group presented higher values of essential elements. Selenium (Se) was found to be the most interesting: in Biotrak cheeses the content of Se was in the range of 0.112 to 0.281 mg/kg, about twice the content of Se in cheeses from the Control group. Among the toxic elements, only Cd was found in the samples, but at low levels (in average lower than 0.11 mg/kg). Therefore, the use of olive cake in animal feed is a good strategy to improve the mineral profile of the product obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Litrenta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80049 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
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5
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Théolier J, Dominguez S, Godefroy S. Lead exposure from honey: meta-analysis and risk assessment for the Arab region. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:271-286. [PMID: 38270899 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2306647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The Codex Alimentarius Commission has adopted a maximum level for lead in honey (0.1 mg/kg). Despite representing a population of more than half a billion, exposure and risk assessments for lead specific to the Arab region are lacking. The aim of this work was to collect analytical data for lead in honey available in Arab countries and to assess the risk caused by exposure to lead from these samples for local consumers. A regional mean lead concentration in honey, obtained through a meta-analysis of 57 studies, was used in deterministic risk assessments for adults (nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular effects) and young children (developmental neurotoxicity). A regional pooled mean concentration of 0.12 mg/kg [95%CI: 0.07-0.21] (0.13 mg/kg, if non-detects are considered at their highest possible value) was obtained. Margins of exposure of 363 [71-17182] and 865 [168-40909] were calculated for adults, and of 48 [9-2273] for children, indicating potential concern for the latter population subset. These values were produced using GEMS consumption data, and considering the same intake for both children and adults, potentially overestimating the risk for children. Nevertheless, food competent authorities should consider measures to reduce lead concentration in honey available for sale in the region to prevent trade constraints and to better protect vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Théolier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), Québec, Canada
| | - Silvia Dominguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Godefroy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), Québec, Canada
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6
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Ouakhssase A, Jalal M, Addi EA. Pesticide contamination pattern from Morocco, insights into the surveillance situation and health risk assessment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:313. [PMID: 38416294 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of pesticides in Morocco's agriculture renders their monitoring in food and environmental samples very necessary. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in reporting studies related to the monitoring of pesticide residues in food, water, groundwater, and soil as well as their quantitative health risk assessment. Most published studies have been done by university researchers. However, the lack of research reproducibility remains a problem that considerably limits the possibility of exploiting data from the literature. Our study involves an extensive literature review utilizing search engines with keywords like "pesticide residues," "monitoring," "vegetables and fruits," "water and soil," "risk assessment," and "Morocco" from 2009 to 2023. Analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs and environmental samples highlights concerns over compliance with EU regulations, the health risks associated with pesticide exposure, and the necessity for comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment strategies. This paper could help influence policies to develop a strategy and action plan for the sound management of pesticides, including measures to reduce their use, raise awareness, and monitor compliance. Also, this paper could be useful for scientists interested in understanding the current situation and challenges regarding pesticide residues in Morocco, as well as countries with which commercial links exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Laboratoire des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco.
| | - Mariam Jalal
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique Moléculaire (LBCGM), Faculté des sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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7
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Temizer İK. Elemental composition and evaluation of noncarcinogenic risks of bee pollen from different Turkish areas. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023. [PMID: 38155591 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bee pollen is a complex compound formed by the honey bee through a mixture pollen, nectar, and bee saliva. It contains many elements that have importance for the human biochemical process. However, when the content of minerals in the pollen exceeds the biological limit, it can be toxic to health. This study aimed to assess and identify the presence of 16 essential (potassium [K], phosphorus [P], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], sodium [Na], iron [Fe], silicon [Si], manganese [Mn], zinc [Zn], boron [B], copper [Cu], molybdenum [Mo], nickel [Ni], chromium [Cr], selenium [Se], and cobalt [Co]) and 16 nonessential elements (aluminum [Al], beryllium [Be], barium [Ba], arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], mercury [Hg], thallium [Tl], lithium [Li], antimony [Sb], vanadium [V], lead [Pb], rubidium [Rb], strontium [Sr], cesium [Cs], titanium [Ti], and uranium [U]) in bee pollen samples from different floral sources in Turkey, while also evaluating the noncarcinogenic risks associated with bee pollen. A melissopalynological investigation was conducted to identify the plant origins of the bee pollen samples. Thereafter, the levels of 32 elements in bee pollen samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Finally, calculations were performed to determine the recommended dietary allowance percentage (RDA%), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI). The bee pollen samples had varying levels of macro, trace, and ultratrace elements, with K, P, Ca, Mg, and Na being the most abundant macro elements and Ti, Ba, Ni, Cr, and V being the least abundant ultratrace elements. The RDA% values for essential elements in bee pollen were found to vary, with Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cr having the highest levels. The results of the THQ and HI calculations demonstrated that consuming bee pollen at recommended rates did not pose a risk to the health of adults or children. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-11. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlginç Kızılpınar Temizer
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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8
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Labsvards KD, Rudovica V, Borisova A, Kokina K, Bertins M, Naumenko J, Viksna A. Multi-Element Profile Characterization of Monofloral and Polyfloral Honey from Latvia. Foods 2023; 12:4091. [PMID: 38002149 PMCID: PMC10670016 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is of scientific interest mainly due to its health-promoting and antibacterial properties, which are also associated with its floral origins. However, the methods for confirming honey floral origins are quite limited and require improvements. One method suggested in the search for a multi-method approach to evaluating the floral origins of Latvian honey is inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This study investigated the multi-element profile of 83 honey samples of well-specified floral origins. The main findings included using Ba, Ca, Cs, Fe, and Rb as indicator elements for heather honey. The chemometric evaluation supported the use of ICP-MS for distinguishing heather honey from other types of honey. The Latvian polyfloral honey multi-element profile was defined and compared to honey samples with other geographical origins. Additionally, the multi-element profiles of buckwheat, clover, and polyfloral honey proteins were investigated to clarify whether the majority of elements were bound with proteins or not. Preliminary results indicated that Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Sr were mainly found in non-protein-bound forms, while the majority of Al, Cu, Ni, and Zn were in the form of large chemical structures (>10 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriss Davids Labsvards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Vita Rudovica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Anastasija Borisova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kristina Kokina
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Maris Bertins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Jevgenija Naumenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Arturs Viksna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (A.V.)
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Asghari Z, Sereshti H, Soltani S, Taghizadeh M, Karami S, Esmaeili Bidhendi M, Rezania S. An alginate-based eutectogel impregnated with polyvinylpyrrolidone/benzoic acid deep eutectic solvent and magnetic carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Evaluated as sorbent in green microextraction of pesticides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123865. [PMID: 37690386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the synthesis and application of a novel magnetic eutectogel constituting a polymeric deep eutectic solvent (PDES), carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH), and super-dispersible/super-paramagnetic polyvinylpyrrolidone coated-Fe3O4 nanocrystals incorporated in alginate gel. Different methods were used for the characterization of novel polymeric based DES gel including FT-NMR, ATR-FTIR, and SEM were used. The novel DES eutectogel was used for the extraction of pesticides from honey. The modified eutectogel with PDES, MWCNT, and PDES-MWCNT showed 1.8-, 1.4-, and 2.5-fold enhancement in the sorption efficiency under green magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method before GC-MS analysis. Important factors including the acidity of the samples, adsorption and desorption conditions, and the ionic strength of the preparation solution were investigated. The matrix effect, specificity, the quantification limits (0.023-1.023 μg kg-1), linear dynamic range (0.023-500 µg kg-1 with R2 of 0.9845-0.9986), relative standard deviations (<8.4%), were evaluated. In addition, the method was used to analyze 12 pesticides in four samples of honey. In the spiked concentration range of 0.1 to 10 μg kg-, the obtained recoveries were between 73.2 and 110.8% (RSD% = 8.1%, n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Asghari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Soltani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Taghizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karami
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Mehdi Esmaeili Bidhendi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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10
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Lo Turco V, Sgrò B, Albergamo A, Nava V, Rando R, Potortì AG, Di Bella G. Assessment of the Accuracy of Nutrition Label and Chemical Composition of Plant-Based Milks Available on the Italian Market. Foods 2023; 12:3207. [PMID: 37685140 PMCID: PMC10486939 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing health, environmental, and ethical concerns have encouraged interest in plant-based milks (PBMs), but it remains questionable whether the nutrition labeling of these products is adequately reliable for consumers, and whether nutritional standards can be defined for a given PBM type. On this basis, cereal, pseudocereal, nut, and legume PBMs available on the Italian market were analyzed in order to check the accuracy of nutritional labels on packages and generate new or updated compositional data. Most labels provided inaccurate information, especially with respect to the declared energy, fat, and saturated fat. Cereal- and pseudocereal-based PBMs were generally characterized by high MUFA (34.04-59.35%) and PUFA (21.61-52.27%). Almond, soy, rice, and hazelnut beverages displayed the highest levels of total tocopherols (11.29-13.68 mg/L), while buckwheat and spelt PBMs had the highest total polyphenol content (34.25-52.27 mg GAE/100 mL). Major and trace elements greatly varied among samples, being more abundant in buckwheat and coconut-based drinks. A PCA confirmed that nutritional standards cannot be unequivocally established for a given PBM, and indicated that, among the investigated variables, inorganic elements had more weight in the sample differentiation. Overall, to reliably guide consumers in their dietary choices, there is a need for greater accuracy in the development of nutrition labels for PBMs, as well as greater effort in assessing the nutritional quality of the ever-increasing variety of products available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Benedetta Sgrò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
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11
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Chen SF, Chen WJ, Huang Y, Wei M, Chang C. Insights into the metabolic pathways and biodegradation mechanisms of chloroacetamide herbicides. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115918. [PMID: 37062473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroacetamide herbicides are widely used around the world due to their high efficiency, resulting in increasing levels of their residues in the environment. Residual chloroacetamides and their metabolites have been frequently detected in soil, water and organisms and shown to have toxic effects on non-target organisms, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem. As such, rapid and efficient techniques that eliminate chloroacetamide residues from the ecosystem are urgently needed. Degradation of these herbicides in the environment mainly occurs through microbial metabolism. Microbial strains such as Acinetobacter baumannii DT, Bacillus altitudinis A16, Pseudomonas aeruginosa JD115, Sphingobium baderi DE-13, Catellibacterium caeni DCA-1, Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila JS-1, Klebsiella variicola B2, and Paecilomyces marquandii can effectively degrade chloroacetamide herbicides. The degradation pathway of chloroacetamide herbicides in aerobic bacteria is mainly initiated by an N/C-dealkylation reaction, followed by aromatic ring hydroxylation and cleavage processes, whereas dechlorination is the initial reaction in anaerobic bacteria. The molecular mechanisms associated with bacterial degradation of chloroacetamide herbicides have been explored, with amidase, hydrolase, reductase, ferredoxin and cytochrome P450 oxygenase currently known to play a pivotal role in the catabolic pathways of chloroacetamides. The fungal pathway for the degradation of these herbicides is more complex with more diversified products, and the degradation enzymes and genes involved remain to be discovered. However, there are few reviews specifically summarizing the microbial degrading species and biochemical mechanisms of chloroacetamide herbicides. Here, we briefly summarize the latest progress resulting from research on microbial strain resources and enzymes involved in degradation of these herbicides and their corresponding genes. Furthermore, we explore the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms for biodegradation of chloroacetamide herbicides in depth, thereby providing a reference for further research on the bioremediation of such herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fang Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Juan Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changqing Chang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Mandelli A, Guiñez M, Cerutti S. Evaluation of Environmentally Relevant Nitrated and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Honey. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112205. [PMID: 37297450 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel analytical methodology for the extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives, nitrated (NPAH) and oxygenated (OPAH), in bee honey samples was developed. The extraction approach resulted in being straightforward, sustainable, and low-cost. It was based on a salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination (SALLE-UHPLC-(+)APCI-MS/MS). The following figures of merit were obtained, linearity between 0.8 and 500 ng g-1 for NPAH and between 0.1 and 750 ng g-1 for OPAH compounds, coefficients of determination (r2) from 0.97 to 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) were from 0.26 to 7.42 ng g-1 for NPAH compounds and from 0.04 to 9.77 ng g-1 for OPAH compounds. Recoveries ranged from 90.6% to 100.1%, and relative standard deviations (RSD) were lower than 8.9%. The green assessment of the method was calculated. Thus, the Green Certificate allowed a classification of 87 points. This methodology was reliable and suitable for application in honey samples. The results demonstrated that the levels of nitro- and oxy-PAHs were higher than those reported for unsubstituted PAHs. In this sense, the production chain sometimes transforms foods as direct carriers of contaminants to consumers, representing a concern and demonstrating the need for routine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mandelli
- Mass Spectrometry Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry of San Luis (INQUISAL, UNSL-CONICET CCT-San Luis), National University of San Luis, Block III, 950 Ejercito de los Andes, San Luis D5700 HHW, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), 2290 Godoy Cruz, Buenos Aires C1425 FQB, Argentina
| | - María Guiñez
- Mass Spectrometry Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry of San Luis (INQUISAL, UNSL-CONICET CCT-San Luis), National University of San Luis, Block III, 950 Ejercito de los Andes, San Luis D5700 HHW, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), 2290 Godoy Cruz, Buenos Aires C1425 FQB, Argentina
| | - Soledad Cerutti
- Mass Spectrometry Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry of San Luis (INQUISAL, UNSL-CONICET CCT-San Luis), National University of San Luis, Block III, 950 Ejercito de los Andes, San Luis D5700 HHW, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), 2290 Godoy Cruz, Buenos Aires C1425 FQB, Argentina
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