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Sirén H. Research of saccharides and related biocomplexes: A review with recent techniques and applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300668. [PMID: 38699940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides and biocompounds as saccharide (sugar) complexes have various roles and biological functions in living organisms due to modifications via nucleophilic substitution, polymerization, and complex formation reactions. Mostly, mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides are stabilized to inactive glycosides, which are formed in metabolic pathways. Natural saccharides are important in food and environmental monitoring. Glycosides with various functionalities are significant in clinical and medical research. Saccharides are often studied with the chromatographic methods of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and anion exchange chromatograpy, but also with capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with their on-line coupling systems. Sample preparation is important in the identification of saccharide compounds. The cases discussed here focus on bioscience, clinical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Sirén
- Chemicum Building, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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He H, Gao H, Xue X, Ren J, Chen X, Niu B. Variation of sugar compounds in Phoebe chekiangensis seeds during natural desiccation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299669. [PMID: 38452127 PMCID: PMC10919866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of sugar metabolism in desiccation-sensitive seeds, we performed a natural desiccation treatment on Phoebe chekiangensis seeds in a room and systematically analyzed the changes in seed germination, sugar compounds, malondialdehyde, and relative electrical conductivity during the seed desiccation. The results revealed that the initial moisture content of P. chekiangensis seed was very high (37.06%) and the seed was sensitive to desiccation, the germination percentage of the seed decreased to 5.33% when the seed was desiccated to 22.04% of moisture content, therefore, the seeds were considered recalcitrant. Based on the logistic model, we know that the moisture content of the seeds is 29.05% when the germination percentage drops to 50% and that it is desirable to keep the seed moisture content above 31.74% during ambient transportation. During seed desiccation, sucrose and trehalose contents exhibited increasing trends, and raffinose also increased during the late stage of desiccation, however, low levels of the non-reducing sugar accumulations may not prevent the loss of seed viability caused by desiccation. Glucose and fructose predominated among sugar compounds, and they showed a slight increase followed by a significant decrease. Their depletion may have contributed to the accumulation of sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the accumulation of sucrose, trehalose, and soluble sugars, and the reduction in seed viability. Sucrose showed a significant negative correlation with glucose and fructose. Trehalose also exhibited the same pattern of correlation. These results provided additional data and theoretical support for understanding the mechanism of sugar metabolism in seed desiccation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangpan He
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Gao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Xue
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Nanjing Police University, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Evidence Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
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Zhao Y, Su Z, Zhang X, Wu D, Wu Y, Li G. Recent advances in nanopore-based analysis for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1454-1467. [PMID: 38415741 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides are not only the basic constituents and nutrients of living organisms, but also participate in various life activities, and play important roles in cell recognition, immune regulation, development, cancer, etc. The analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a necessary means to study their transformations and physiological roles in living organisms. Existing detection techniques can hardly meet the requirements for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates in complex matrices as they are expensive, involve complex derivatization, and are time-consuming. Nanopore sensing technology, which is amplification-free and label-free, and is a high-throughput process, provides a new solution for the identification and sequencing of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. This review highlights recent advances in novel nanopore-based single-molecule sensing technologies for the detection of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and discusses the advantages and challenges of nanopore sensing technologies. Finally, current issues and future perspectives are discussed with the aim of improving the performance of nanopores in complex media diagnostic applications, as well as providing a new direction for the quantification of glycan chains and the study of glycan chain properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Zhuoqun Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Ali MY, Abdulrahman HB, Ting WT, Howlader MMR. Green synthesized gold nanoparticles and CuO-based nonenzymatic sensor for saliva glucose monitoring. RSC Adv 2024; 14:577-588. [PMID: 38173614 PMCID: PMC10758929 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose, essential for brain and muscle functions, requires careful monitoring in diabetes and other chronic disease management. While blood glucose monitoring provides precise information about these diseases, it remains an invasive method. Saliva glucose monitoring could offer an alternative approach, but the glucose concentration in saliva is very low. In this work, we report a simple, low-cost, highly sensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. We developed this sensor using green synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and wet chemical synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on a screen-printed carbon electrode (Au/CuO/SPCE). The sensor's high sensitivity results from dual amplification strategies using AuNPs and CuO nanomaterials, each demonstrating catalytic activity towards glucose. This shows promising potential for saliva glucose monitoring. The AuNPs were synthesized using an Au precursor and orange peel extract (OPE), yielding stable colloidal AuNPs with a mean diameter of about 37 nm, thus eliminating the need for additional capping agents. Under optimal conditions, amperometric tests revealed that the sensor responded linearly to glucose concentrations ranging from 2 μM to 397 μM with a sensitivity of 236.70 μA mM-1 cm-2. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility, stability and high selectivity for glucose in the presence of different biomolecules. We validated the sensor's efficacy by measuring glucose in human saliva, showing its potential for noninvasive glucose monitoring. This research advances the development of point-of-care devices, positioning the sensor as a promising tool for noninvasive glucose monitoring and improved diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Younus Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Heman B Abdulrahman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Wei-Ting Ting
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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Dutta J, Patwardhan M, Deshpande P, Karande S, Rai B. Zero-shot transfer learned generic AI models for prediction of optimally ripe climacteric fruits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7347. [PMID: 37147427 PMCID: PMC10163227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ideally, ripe fruits offer appropriate nutritional content and best quality in terms of taste and flavour. Prediction of ripe climacteric fruits acts as the main marketing indicator for quality from the consumer perspective and thus renders it a genuine industrial concern for all the stakeholders of the fruit supply chain. However, the building of fruit-specific individual model for the prediction of ripeness level remains an existing challenge due to the scarcity of sufficient labeled experimental data for each fruit. This paper describes the development of generic AI models based on the similarity in physico-chemical degradation phenomena of climacteric fruits for prediction of 'unripe' and 'ripe' levels using 'zero-shot' transfer learning techniques. Experiments were performed on a variety of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, and it was observed that transfer learning works better for fruits within a cluster (climacteric fruits) as compared to across clusters (climacteric to non-climacteric fruits). The main contributions of this work are two-fold (i) Using domain knowledge of food chemistry to label the data in terms of age of the fruit, (ii) We hypothesize and prove that the zero-shot transfer learning works better within a set of fruits, sharing similar degradation chemistry depicted by their visual properties like black spot formations, wrinkles, discoloration, etc. The best models trained on banana, papaya and mango dataset resulted in s zero-shot transfer learned accuracies in the range of 70 to 82 for unknown climacteric fruits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Dutta
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services, 54, B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India.
| | - Manasi Patwardhan
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services, 54, B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Parijat Deshpande
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services, 54, B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Shirish Karande
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services, 54, B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Beena Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services, 54, B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India
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6
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Wasfi A, Al Hamarna A, Al Shehhi OMH, Al Ameri HFM, Awwad F. Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor Simulations for the Detection of Sugar Molecules: Semi-Empirical Modeling. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3010. [PMID: 36991722 PMCID: PMC10051405 DOI: 10.3390/s23063010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has remarkable characteristics that make it a potential candidate for optoelectronics and electronics applications. Graphene is a sensitive material that reacts to any physical variation in its environment. Due to its extremely low intrinsic electrical noise, graphene can detect even a single molecule in its proximity. This feature makes graphene a potential candidate for identifying a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. Graphene and its derivatives are considered one of the best materials to detect sugar molecules due to their electronic properties. Graphene has low intrinsic noise, making it an ideal membrane for detecting low concentrations of sugar molecules. In this work, a graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor (GNR-FET) is designed and utilized to identify sugar molecules such as fructose, xylose, and glucose. The variation in the current of the GNR-FET in the presence of each of the sugar molecules is utilized as the detection signal. The designed GNR-FET shows a clear change in the device density of states, transmission spectrum, and current in the presence of each of the sugar molecules. The simulated sensor is made of a pair of metallic zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) joint via a channel of armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) and a gate. The Quantumwise Atomistix Toolkit (ATK) is used to design and conduct the nanoscale simulations of the GNR-FET. Semi-empirical modeling, along with non-equilibrium Green's functional theory (SE + NEGF), is used to develop and study the designed sensor. This article suggests that the designed GNR transistor has the potential to identify each of the sugar molecules in real time with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Wasfi
- Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Al Hamarna
- Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Mohammed Hasani Al Shehhi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazza Fahad Muhsen Al Ameri
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falah Awwad
- Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Jeong HN, Kwon RH, Kim Y, Yoo SH, Yoo SM, Wee CD. Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection-Based Analysis of Sugar Contents in Korean Agricultural Products for Patients with Galactosemia. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051104. [PMID: 36900622 PMCID: PMC10000368 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with galactosemia accumulate galactose in their bodies, requiring a lifelong galactose-restricted diet. Therefore, accurate information on the galactose content in commercial agro-food resources is essential. The HPLC method generally used for sugar analysis has low separation and detection sensitivity. Here, we sought to establish an accurate analytical method for determining the galactose content in commercial agro-food resources. To that aim, we employed gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection to detect trimethylsilyl-oxime (TMSO) sugar derivatives (concentration: ≤0.1 mg/100 g). The galactose content in 107 Korean agro-food resources reflecting intake patterns was then analyzed. The galactose content in steamed barley rice was 5.6 mg/100 g, which was higher than that in steamed non-glutinous and glutinous rice. Moist-type and dry-type sweet potatoes, blanched zucchini, and steamed Kabocha squash had high galactose content (36.0, 12.8, 23.1, and 61.6 mg/100 g, respectively). Therefore, these foods are detrimental to patients with galactosemia. Among fruits, avocado, blueberry, kiwi, golden kiwifruit, and sweet persimmon had galactose contents of ≥10 mg/100 g. Dried persimmon had 132.1 mg/100 g and should therefore be avoided. Mushrooms, meat, and aquatic products showed low galactose content (≤10 mg/100 g), making them safe. These findings will help patients to manage their dietary galactose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neul Jeong
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeong Ha Kwon
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mi Yoo
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Do Wee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Dygas D, Kręgiel D, Berłowska J. Sugar Beet Pulp as a Biorefinery Substrate for Designing Feed. Molecules 2023; 28:2064. [PMID: 36903310 PMCID: PMC10004680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An example of the implementation of the principles of the circular economy is the use of sugar beet pulp as animal feed. Here, we investigate the possible use of yeast strains to enrich waste biomass in single-cell protein (SCP). The strains were evaluated for yeast growth (pour plate method), protein increment (Kjeldahl method), assimilation of free amino nitrogen (FAN), and reduction of crude fiber content. All the tested strains were able to grow on hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp-based medium. The greatest increases in protein content were observed for Candida utilis LOCK0021 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red (ΔN = 2.33%) on fresh sugar beet pulp, and for Scheffersomyces stipitis NCYC1541 (ΔN = 3.04%) on dried sugar beet pulp. All the strains assimilated FAN from the culture medium. The largest reductions in the crude fiber content of the biomass were recorded for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red (Δ = 10.89%) on fresh sugar beet pulp and Candida utilis LOCK0021 (Δ = 15.05%) on dried sugar beet pulp. The results show that sugar beet pulp provides an excellent matrix for SCP and feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Dygas
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska Street, 90-530 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska Street, 90-530 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Berłowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska Street, 90-530 Łódź, Poland
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Geng Y, Ni H, Shen H, Wang H, Wu J, Pan K, Wu Y, Chen Y, Luo Y, Xu T, Liu X. Feasibility of an NIR spectral calibration transfer algorithm based on optimized feature variables to predict tobacco samples in different states. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:719-728. [PMID: 36722963 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01805e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The prediction accuracy of calibration models for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy typically relies on the morphology and homogeneity of the samples. To achieve non-homogeneous tobacco samples for non-destructive and rapid analysis, a method that can predict tobacco filament samples using reliable models based on the corresponding tobacco powder is proposed here. First, as it is necessary to establish a simple and robust calibrated model with excellent performance, based on full-wavelength PLSR (Full-PLSR), the key feature variables were screened by three methods, namely competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), variable combination population analysis-iteratively retaining informative variables (VCPA-IRIV), and variable combination population analysis-genetic algorithm (VCPA-GA). The partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for predicting the total sugar content in tobacco were established based on three optimal wavelength sets and named CARS-PLSR, VCPA-IRIV-PLSR and VCPA-GA-PLSR, respectively. Subsequently, they were combined with different calibration transfer algorithms, including calibration transfer based on canonical correlation analysis (CTCCA), slope/bias correction (S/B) and non-supervised parameter-free framework for calibration enhancement (NS-PFCE), to evaluate the best prediction model for the tobacco filament samples. Compared with the previous two transfer algorithms, NS-PFCE performed the best under various wavelength conditions. The prediction results indicated that the most successful approach for predicting the tobacco filament samples was achieved by VCPA-IRIV-PLSR when coupled with the NS-PFCE method, which obtained the highest determination coefficient (Rp2 = 0.9340) and the lowest root mean square error of the prediction set (RMSEP = 0.8425). VCPA-IRIV simplifies the calibration model and improves the efficiency of model transfer (31 variables). Furthermore, it pledges the prediction accuracy of the tobacco filament samples when combined with NS-PFCE. In summary, calibration transfer based on optimized feature variables can eliminate prediction errors caused by sample morphological differences and proves to be a more beneficial method for online application in the tobacco industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Geng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hongfei Ni
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huanchao Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Keyu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yingjie Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tengfei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Prisa D, Spagnuolo D. Evaluation of the Bio-Stimulating Activity of Lake Algae Extracts on Edible Cacti Mammillaria prolifera and Mammillaria glassii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3586. [PMID: 36559698 PMCID: PMC9782507 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The research aimed to test different seaweed extracts derived from three macroalgae representatives, namely, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae, as a bio-fertiliser for the growth of Mammillaria prolifera and Mammillaria glassii and the production of edible fruits. The experiments started in September 2021 and were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (PT). Three different algae, namely, Hypnea cornuta (Rhodophyta), Ulva ohnoi (Chlorophyta), collected from the brackish lake Ganzirri, in Messina, and Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae) from Venice lagoon, were tested. The experimental trial showed a significant improvement in the agronomic parameters analysed for the growth and production of cactus plants and fruits treated with the selected algae. A significant increase was found in the sugar, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E content of the fruits of treated plants. In particular, the thesis with Ulva ohnoi was the best for plant growth and fruit production with a higher sugar and vitamin content. This experiment confirms the algae's ability to stimulate soil microflora and microfauna, promoting nutrient uptake, participating in organic matter mineralisation processes and significantly influencing the nutraceutical compounds in the fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Prisa
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Dei Fiori 8, 51012 Pescia, Italy
| | - Damiano Spagnuolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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An extended gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) type non-enzymatic glucose sensor with inkjet-printed copper oxide nanoparticles. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We develop a disposable and cost-effective non-enzymatic glucose sensor consisting of an extended gate field effect transistor (EG-FET) to obtain effortless operation. The sensor is fabricated by printing, gold (Au) precursor ink and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) inks using a commercial inkjet printer on a flexible Polyimide (PI) substrate. First, sensing properties are tested electrochemically. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 728.5 μA cm−2 mM−1 and a detection limit of 0.01 mM with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998. The observed linear dynamic range is from 0.5 to 7 mM. After that, the sensing electrode is adapted to the EG-FET. Two linear response ranges extend from 0.1 to 4 mM of a low concentration range of glucose with a sensitivity of 1295 μA cm−2 mM−1, and from 5 to 30 mM of a high concentration range of glucose with a sensitivity of 164 μA cm−2 mM−1 are observed. The EG-FET approach can enhance the detection sensitivities using amplification for a low concentration glucose range and extending a detection range for high concentration glucose. The presented work demonstrates that simply printed CuO NPs sensors can be used at low cost for disposable wide-range glucose detection devices.
Article Highlights
A non-enzymatic printed glucose sensor using an inkjet printer has been successfully developed.
CuO nanoparticles ink is printed on thin gold electrodes on Polyimide film.
We evaluate the glucose detection of extended-gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) sensors.
The sensitivity is estimated to be 1295 μA cm−2 mM−1.
The EG-FET structure has the merit of a simple operation and cost-effective personal health care devices.
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Chuacharoen T, Aroonsong S, Chysirichote T. Alginate Production of Azotobacter vinelandii Using Sugar Cane Juice as the Main Carbon Source in an Airlift Bioreactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanida Chuacharoen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, 1 U Thong Nok Rd, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Soysruang Aroonsong
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung 1, Chalongkrung Rd, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Teerin Chysirichote
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung 1, Chalongkrung Rd, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand
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Xie Q, Tian H, Huan X, Cao L, Wang Y, Cheng X, Ning C, Hu F, Wang C. Quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix and processed products based on the analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:262-271. [PMID: 34431563 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Codonopsis Radix (CR) is an edible food and traditional Chinese herb medicine that is widely used in China and Southeast Asia. Saccharides, including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and polysaccharides, are among the most important active substances in CR. However, a quality evaluation of CR based on oligosaccharides has not been conducted. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector method (HPLC-CAD) for the quality evaluation of CR and processed products based on analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. METHOD A sensitive and rapid HPLC-CAD method for the simultaneous determination of two monosaccharides (D-fructose and D-glucose), sucrose, and FOS (GF2-GF6) was established to evaluate the quality of CR for the first time. In the present study, 65 batches of CR from three species of the genus Codonopsis were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques. Furthermore, the effects of cultivation management measures (plant growth retardants supply, harvesting time, and growth period) and primary process (drying methods) in the production areas on the target compounds were studied by analysing 34 batches of processed samples. RESULTS Different varieties of CR resulted in considerably different saccharide contents. Cultivation management measures and processing method remarkably affected the quality of CR. Low concentration of plant growth retardants was recommended. The best harvest time is in October after 4 years of growth. Dryer-drying was suggested to meet the requirement for large-scale processing. CONCLUSION This method would provide an efficient analytical tool for monosaccharides and oligosaccharides of CR and contribute to the improvement of CR quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Hemiao Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Huan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
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The development of alginate-based amperometric nanoreactors for biochemical profiling of living yeast cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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The Physico-Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Coloured-Flesh Potato Chips: Influence of Cultivar, Slice Thickness and Frying Temperature. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coloured potato chips, due to a higher concentration of bioactive compounds, may be healthier compared to traditional chips. This study examined the effect of cultivar and different slice thicknesses and frying temperatures on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of coloured potato chips. Potatoes chips were prepared from three coloured potato cultivars. Frying experiments were conducted at 160 and 180 °C using potato slices with thicknesses of 1.00 and 2.00 mm. The quality of the raw potatoes tubers and chips were estimated. A principal component analysis was applied to describe the differences in the physico-chemical characteristics between the potato chip samples processed with different conditions. The results showed that, significantly (p < 0.05), the highest amounts of total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, dry matter and starch were accumulated in raw tubers of potato cv. Blaue Anneliese. The highest amount of total phenolic content and anthocyanins was found in 1 mm chips of cv. Blaue Anneliese fried at 160 °C. An increased frying temperature significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the content of these compounds. The amount of fat in the chips was higher when they were fried at 160 °C than at 180 °C. Chips processed from potatoes cvs. Blaue Anneliese and Rosemarie showed a typical colour as a raw material. The hardness of the chips significantly (p < 0.05) increased with an increase in slice thickness. The flavour, odour and colour of the 1 mm chips of cv. Blaue Anneliese fried at 180 °C gained the highest rating.
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Studies on Proximate Composition, Mineral and Total Phenolic Content of Yogurt Bites Enriched with Different Plant Raw Material. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yogurt products are consumed by millions of people every day. Consumers’ priority for ready-to-eat yogurt snacks enriched with various plant raw materials have increased each year. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare freeze-dried yoghurt bites with the addition of powders of beetroot, mulberry leaves, nettle leaves and rosehip fruit and to investigate these raw materials’ influence on the proximate composition, mineral and total phenolic content. The moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and sugar content of the yogurt bites were established using standard methods: mineral composition—using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS); total phenolic content—by the spectrophotometric method. The results demonstrated that the addition of different raw material powders to the formulation of yogurt bites had no significant influence on carbohydrate, protein and total fat amounts. However, the incorporation of powders of beetroot, mulberry leaves, nettle leaves and rosehip fruit in yogurt bites allowed a significant increase of the amounts of all investigated minerals and total phenolic content of the manufactured bites. Among all investigated yogurt bites, the highest amounts of K, P, Mg, Fe and Zn were determined for yogurt bites enriched with nettle leaves. In conclusion, the enrichment of yogurt bites with freeze-dried plant raw material powders can increase amounts of selected minerals and total phenolic content.
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Fernández I, González-Mora JL, Lorenzo-Luis P, Villalonga R, Salazar-Carballo PA. Nickel oxide nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes for non-enzymatic determination of total sugars in commercial beverages. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Buziau AM, Scheijen JLJM, Stehouwer CDA, Simons N, Brouwers MCGJ, Schalkwijk CG. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify fructose in serum and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1155:122299. [PMID: 32829143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the involvement of fructose in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease requires accurate and precise measurements of serum and urinary fructose. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate such a method by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS Fructose was quantified using hydrophilic interaction UPLC-MS/MS with a labelled internal standard. Serum fructose levels were determined in healthy individuals (n = 3) after a 15-gram oral fructose load. Twenty-four hours urinary fructose levels were determined in individuals consuming low (median: 1.4 g/day, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.9-2.0; n = 10), normal (31 g/day, 23-49; n = 15) and high (70 g/day, 55-84; n = 16) amounts of fructose. RESULTS The calibration curves showed perfect linearity in water, artificial, serum, and urine matrices (r2 > 0.99). Intra- and inter-day assay variation of serum and urinary fructose ranged from 0.3 to 5.1% with an accuracy of ~98%. Fasting serum fructose levels (5.7 ± 0.6 µmol/L) increased 60 min after a 15-gram oral fructose load (to 150.3 ± 41.7 µmol/L) and returned to normal after 180 min (8.4 ± 0.6 µmol/L). Twenty-four hours urinary fructose levels were significantly lower in low fructose consumers when compared to normal and high fructose consumers (median: 36.1 µmol/24 h, IQR: 26.4-64.2; 142.3 µmol/24 h, 98.8-203.0; and 238.9 µmol/24 h, 127.1-366.1; p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Fructose concentrations can be measured accurately and precisely with this newly-developed UPLC-MS/MS method. Its robustness makes it suitable for assessing the value of fructose in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amée M Buziau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Md Noh MF, Gunasegavan RDN, Mustafa Khalid N, Balasubramaniam V, Mustar S, Abd Rashed A. Recent Techniques in Nutrient Analysis for Food Composition Database. Molecules 2020; 25:E4567. [PMID: 33036314 PMCID: PMC7582643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food composition database (FCD) provides the nutritional composition of foods. Reliable and up-to date FCD is important in many aspects of nutrition, dietetics, health, food science, biodiversity, plant breeding, food industry, trade and food regulation. FCD has been used extensively in nutrition labelling, nutritional analysis, research, regulation, national food and nutrition policy. The choice of method for the analysis of samples for FCD often depends on detection capability, along with ease of use, speed of analysis and low cost. Sample preparation is the most critical stage in analytical method development. Samples can be prepared using numerous techniques; however it should be applicable for a wide range of analytes and sample matrices. There are quite a number of significant improvements on sample preparation techniques in various food matrices for specific analytes highlighted in the literatures. Improvements on the technology used for the analysis of samples by specific instrumentation could provide an alternative to the analyst to choose for their laboratory requirement. This review provides the reader with an overview of recent techniques that can be used for sample preparation and instrumentation for food analysis which can provide wide options to the analysts in providing data to their FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (R.D.-N.G.); (N.M.K.); (V.B.); (S.M.); (A.A.R.)
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Surapureddi SRK, Ravindhranath K, Sameer Kumar GS, Sappidi SR. Separation and Determination of d-Allose in Presence of Process-Related Impurities by Capillary Electrophoresis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Frankfater C, Bozeman SL, Hsu FF, Andley UP. Alpha-crystallin mutations alter lens metabolites in mouse models of human cataracts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238081. [PMID: 32833997 PMCID: PMC7446835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are a major cause of blindness worldwide and commonly occur in individuals over 70 years old. Cataracts can also appear earlier in life due to genetic mutations. The lens proteins, αA- and αB-crystallins, are chaperone proteins that have important roles maintaining protein solubility to prevent cataract formation. Mutations in the CRYAA and CRYAB crystallin genes are associated with autosomal dominant early onset human cataracts. Although studies about the proteomic and genomic changes that occur in cataracts have been reported, metabolomics studies are very limited. Here, we directly investigated cataract metabolism using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the metabolites in adult Cryaa-R49C and Cryab-R120G knock-in mouse lenses. The most abundant metabolites were myo-inositol, L-(+)-lactic acid, cholesterol, phosphate, glycerol phosphate, palmitic and 9-octadecenoic acids, α-D-mannopyranose, and β-D-glucopyranose. Cryaa-R49C knock-in mouse lenses had a significant decrease in the number of sugars and minor sterols, which occurred in concert with an increase in lactic acid. Cholesterol composition was unchanged. In contrast, Cryab-R120G knock-in lenses exhibited increased total amino acid content including valine, alanine, serine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, and aspartic acid. Minor sterols, including cholest-7-en-3-ol and glycerol phosphate were decreased. These studies indicate that lenses from Cryaa-R49C and Cryab-R120G knock-in mice, which are models for human cataracts, have unique amino acid and metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Frankfater
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Bozeman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Usha P. Andley
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Crha T, Pazourek J. Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091164. [PMID: 32846904 PMCID: PMC7555359 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known as Palatinose) from other common edible carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and maltodextrins, which are commonly present in food and dietary supplements. This method was applied to determine isomaltulose in selected food supplements for special diets and athletic performance. Due to the selectivity of the separation system, this method can also be used for rapid profiling analysis of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides in food.
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van Rayne KK, Adebo OA, Ngobese NZ. Nutritional and Physicochemical Characterization of Strychnos madagascariensis Poir (Black Monkey Orange) Seeds as a Potential Food Source. Foods 2020; 9:E1060. [PMID: 32764277 PMCID: PMC7466246 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strychnos madagascariensis Poir is an underutilized fruit that is considered a valuable food during droughts and famine. The aim of this research was to characterize the nutritional composition and the flour functional properties, for the use as a potential food source. Seed flour was analysed using a standard enzymatic assay for sugars, acid/neutral detergent analysis for fibre, ether extraction for fat and HPLC for strychnine. Results showed that the seeds contained 41% reducing sugars and 53% fibre. The mineral composition, determined using microwave-assisted acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), showed that the seeds contained high quantities of iron (15.78 mg/100 g) and manganese (9.86 mg/100 g). The flour water absorption index (1.37 g/g) was substantially higher than that of wheat, brown rice and tapioca flours and the oil absorption index showed similarities to the reference flours (1.09 g/g). The flour peak (37,788 RVU) and final viscosities (62,928 RVU) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the reference flours. This study was the first to quantify the strychnine content (0.08%) in the seeds. Results suggest that the seeds have good potential for food product development; however, further processing is essential to ensure safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Kirsty van Rayne
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. BOX 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. BOX 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Nomali Ziphorah Ngobese
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. BOX 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
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