1
|
Ansari F, Lee CC, Rashidimehr A, Eskandari S, Ashaolu TJ, Mirzakhani E, Pourjafar H, Jafari SM. The Role of Probiotics in Improving Food Safety: Inactivation of Pathogens and Biological Toxins. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:962-980. [PMID: 37264621 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230601141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many advances have been made in avoiding food contamination by numerous pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms. Many studies have shown that different probiotics, in addition to having beneficial effects on the host's health, have a very good ability to eliminate and neutralize pathogens and their toxins in foods which leads to enhanced food safety. The present review purposes to comprehensively discuss the role of probiotics in improving food safety by inactivating pathogens (bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasite agents) and neutralizing their toxins in food products. Some recent examples in terms of the anti-microbial activities of probiotics in the body after consuming contaminated food have also been mentioned. This review shows that different probiotics have the potential to inactivate pathogens and neutralize and detoxify various biological agents in foods, as well as in the host body after consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ansari
- Department of Agricultural Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran. Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey
| | - Azadeh Rashidimehr
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Soheyl Eskandari
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH+ME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Sun C, Jin M, Chen J, Xing L, Yan J, Wang H, Liu Z, Chen WH. Enrichment Culture but Not Metagenomic Sequencing Identified a Highly Prevalent Phage Infecting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Human Feces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0434022. [PMID: 36995238 PMCID: PMC10269749 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04340-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) is increasingly used as a probiotic to treat human diseases, but its phages in the human gut remain unexplored. Here, we report its first gut phage, Gut-P1, which we systematically screened using metagenomic sequencing, virus-like particle (VLP) sequencing, and enrichment culture from 35 fecal samples. Gut-P1 is virulent, belongs to the Douglaswolinvirus genus, and is highly prevalent in the gut (~11% prevalence); it has a genome of 79,928 bp consisting of 125 protein coding genes and displaying low sequence similarities to public L. plantarum phages. Physiochemical characterization shows that it has a short latent period and adapts to broad ranges of temperatures and pHs. Furthermore, Gut-P1 strongly inhibits the growth of L. plantarum strains at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1e-6. Together, these results indicate that Gut-P1 can greatly impede the application of L. plantarum in humans. Strikingly, Gut-P1 was identified only in the enrichment culture, not in our metagenomic or VLP sequencing data nor in any public human phage databases, indicating the inefficiency of bulk sequencing in recovering low-abundance but highly prevalent phages and pointing to the unexplored hidden diversity of the human gut virome despite recent large-scale sequencing and bioinformatics efforts. IMPORTANCE As Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) is increasingly used as a probiotic to treat human gut-related diseases, its bacteriophages may pose a certain threat to their further application and should be identified and characterized more often from the human intestine. Here, we isolated and identified the first gut L. plantarum phage that is prevalent in a Chinese population. This phage, Gut-P1, is virulent and can strongly inhibit the growth of multiple L. plantarum strains at low MOIs. Our results also show that bulk sequencing is inefficient at recovering low-abundance but highly prevalent phages such as Gut-P1, suggesting that the hidden diversity of human enteroviruses has not yet been explored. Our results call for innovative approaches to isolate and identify intestinal phages from the human gut and to rethink our current understanding of the enterovirus, particularly its underestimated diversity and overestimated individual specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Menglu Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Xing
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institution of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee KW, Shin JS, Lee CM, Han HY, O Y, Kim HW, Cho TJ. Gut-on-a-Chip for the Analysis of Bacteria-Bacteria Interactions in Gut Microbial Community: What Would Be Needed for Bacterial Co-Culture Study to Explore the Diet-Microbiota Relationship? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051131. [PMID: 36904133 PMCID: PMC10005057 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial co-culture studies using synthetic gut microbiomes have reported novel research designs to understand the underlying role of bacterial interaction in the metabolism of dietary resources and community assembly of complex microflora. Since lab-on-a-chip mimicking the gut (hereafter "gut-on-a-chip") is one of the most advanced platforms for the simulative research regarding the correlation between host health and microbiota, the co-culture of the synthetic bacterial community in gut-on-a-chip is expected to reveal the diet-microbiota relationship. This critical review analyzed recent research on bacterial co-culture with perspectives on the ecological niche of commensals, probiotics, and pathogens to categorize the experimental approaches for diet-mediated management of gut health as the compositional and/or metabolic modulation of the microbiota and the control of pathogens. Meanwhile, the aim of previous research on bacterial culture in gut-on-a-chip has been mainly limited to the maintenance of the viability of host cells. Thus, the integration of study designs established for the co-culture of synthetic gut consortia with various nutritional resources into gut-on-a-chip is expected to reveal bacterial interspecies interactions related to specific dietary patterns. This critical review suggests novel research topics for co-culturing bacterial communities in gut-on-a-chip to realize an ideal experimental platform mimicking a complex intestinal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Song Shin
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Min Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Yeon Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun O
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tae Jin Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-44-860-1433
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasi M, Kumar S, Hasan M, S R A, Garcia-Gutierrez E, Kumari S, Prakash O, Nain L, Sachdev A, Dahuja A. Current trends in the development of soy-based foods containing probiotics and paving the path for soy-synbiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9995-10013. [PMID: 35611888 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the world of highly processed foods, special attention is drawn to the nutrient composition and safety of consumed food products. Foods fortified with probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effects on human health and are categorized as functional foods. The salubrious activities of probiotics include the synthesis of vital bioactives, prevention of inflammatory diseases, anticancerous, hypocholesterolemic, and antidiarrheal effects. Soy foods are exemplary delivery vehicles for probiotics and prebiotics and there are diverse strategies to enhance their functionality like employing mixed culture fermentation, engineering probiotics, and incorporating prebiotics in fermented soy foods. High potential is ascribed to the concurrent use of probiotics and prebiotics in one product, termed as "synbiotics," which implicates synergy, in which a prebiotic ingredient particularly favors the growth and activity of a probiotic micro-organism. The insights on emended bioactive profile, metabolic role, and potential health benefits of advanced soy-based probiotic and synbiotic hold a promise which can be profitably implemented to meet consumer needs. This article reviews the available knowledge about strategies to enhance the nutraceutical potential, mechanisms, and health-promoting effects of advanced soy-based probiotics. Traditional fermentation merged with diverse strategies to improve the efficiency and health benefits of probiotics considered vital, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Quality and Productivity Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpitha S R
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruz KCP, Enekegho LO, Stuart DT. Bioengineered Probiotics: Synthetic Biology Can Provide Live Cell Therapeutics for the Treatment of Foodborne Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890479. [PMID: 35656199 PMCID: PMC9152101 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens presents an ominous health and economic challenge to modern society. The discovery and large-scale development of antibiotic drugs in previous decades was transformational, providing cheap, effective treatment for what would previously have been a lethal infection. As microbial strains resistant to many or even all antibiotic drug treatments have evolved, there is an urgent need for new drugs or antimicrobial treatments to control these pathogens. The ability to sequence and mine the genomes of an increasing number of microbial strains from previously unexplored environments has the potential to identify new natural product antibiotic biosynthesis pathways. This coupled with the power of synthetic biology to generate new production chassis, biosensors and “weaponized” live cell therapeutics may provide new means to combat the rapidly evolving threat of drug resistant microbial pathogens. This review focuses on the application of synthetic biology to construct probiotic strains that have been endowed with functionalities allowing them to identify, compete with and in some cases kill microbial pathogens as well as stimulate host immunity. Weaponized probiotics may have the greatest potential for use against pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal tract: Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile. The potential benefits of engineered probiotics are highlighted along with the challenges that must still be met before these intriguing and exciting new therapeutic tools can be widely deployed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan L, Fan L, Zhao H, Mgomi FC, Ni H, He G. RNA-seq reveals the phage-resistant mechanisms displayed by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJU-1 isolated from Chinese traditional sourdough. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
7
|
Kahraman Ilıkkan Ö. Analysis of Probiotic Bacteria Genomes: Comparison of CRISPR/Cas Systems and Spacer Acquisition Diversity. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:40-46. [PMID: 35068602 PMCID: PMC8758818 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes constitute an adaptive (acquired) defense system of bacteria and archaea. Here 72 probiotic bacteria genomes were investigated in terms of the presence of CRISPR/Cas systems and phage/plasmid invaders through spacer analysis. 49 CRISPR/Cas systems were detected within probiotic strains, namely,17 type II-A, 10 type I-C, 8 type I-E, 5 Type I-U (I-G), 4 type III-A, 2 type I-B, 1 type I-A, 1 type IV-B, and 1 type II-C. The predicted target of spacers was determined in 25 strains and consequently, three different spacer and target patterns were revealed. The diversity of CRISPR spacers provides insight and understanding to determine strain-specific invaders of probiotic bacteria as well as their relationships between strains. CRISPR systems were clarified in many studies for genomic characterization. However, recently, endogenous genome editing with CRISPR has provided an approach for various genome editing projects. Thus, in the future, producing strain-specific phage-resistant starter cultures or probiotics by endogenous genome editing methods according to phage/plasmid survey can be utilized for industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, this study intended a comprehensive investigation of CRISPR systems of probiotic bacteria. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00971-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kahraman Ilıkkan
- Kahramankazan Vocational School, Başkent University, Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabashsum Z, Peng M, Alvarado-Martinez Z, Aditya A, Bhatti J, Romo PB, Young A, Biswas D. Competitive reduction of poultry-borne enteric bacterial pathogens in chicken gut with bioactive Lactobacillus casei. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16259. [PMID: 33004922 PMCID: PMC7530658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of sustainable probiotics on Campylobacter jejuni colonization and gut microbiome composition was evaluated using chicken as a model organism. Chickens were given Lactobacillus casei over-expressing myosin-cross-reactive antigen (LC+mcra). LC+mcra can generate bioactive compounds in larger quantity including conjugated linoleic acid. A total of 120 chickens were used in duplicate trials to investigate the effectiveness of LC+mcra in decreasing C. jejuni colonization by means of kanamycin resistant strain compared to the control group. We observed that LC+mcra can efficiently colonize various parts of the chicken gut and competitively reduce colonization of natural and challenged C. jejuni and natural Salmonella enterica. LC+mcra was found to reduce C. jejuni colonization in cecum, ileum and jejunum, by more than one log CFU/g when compared to the no-probiotic control group. Furthermore, 16S rRNA compositional analysis revealed lower abundance of Proteobacteria, higher abundance of Firmicutes, along with enriched bacterial genus diversity in gut of LC+mcra fed chicken. Decreased contamination of drinking water by C. jejuni and S. enterica was also observed, suggesting a potential function of reducing horizontal transfer of enteric bacteria in poultry. Outcomes of this study reveal high potential of LC+mcra as sustainable approach to decrease colonization of C. jejuni and S. enterica in poultry gut along with other beneficial attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Arpita Aditya
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jacob Bhatti
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Paulina Bravo Romo
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alana Young
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The interest in the therapeutic use of probiotic microorganisms has been increased during the last decade although the doubts have ascended about the probiotics mainly because their beneficial effects are not fully understood, and, in many cases, their usefulness has not been validated in clinical trials. Consequently, the notion got a considerable interest in those strains having proven probiotic potential to be engineered for improvement in their beneficial features. The process of genetic engineering can also be used for probiotic strains for the reversion of antimicrobial resistance and other modifications for their safer and effective human applications. The lactic acid bacilli are predominantly opposite as they already have gained attention owing to their health-promoting benefits and their safety for human consumption; therefore, their use, especially as a delivery agent of vaccines and drugs, is gaining attention. The tailoring of probiotic strains will not only improve the data regarding the probiotic potential of these strains but also clinch the doubts concerning these probiotics. This article focuses on the approaches of bioengineered probiotics and discusses the potential prospects for their therapeutic applications including immunomodulation, cognitive health, and anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cell-Free Culture Supernatants of Lactobacilli Modify the Expression of Virulence Factors Genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.96806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
11
|
In vitro inhibitory activity of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 alone or in combination against bacterial and Candida reference strains and clinical isolates. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02891. [PMID: 31799467 PMCID: PMC6881622 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 are two strains frequently used as probiotic components in food supplements. The decrease of potentially pathogenic gastrointestinal microorganisms is one of their claimed mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate their ability, alone or in combination, to inhibit in vitro the growth of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and Candida reference strains and clinical isolates, using different methods. The cell-free supernatants were obtained by centrifugation and filtration from single or mixed broth cultures and the inhibitory activity was tested using both agar-well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. In order to get some preliminary information about the chemical nature of the active metabolites released in the supernatants, the inhibitory activity was investigated after neutralization, heat and proteolytic treatments. The highest inhibitory activity was shown by the untreated supernatant obtained from broth culture of the two probiotic strains, especially against bacterial reference strains and clinical isolates. This supernatant showed inhibitory activity towards Candida species, too. A decreased inhibitory activity was observed for the supernatants obtained from single cultures and after proteolytic treatment, against bacterial reference strains. The study suggests that the combination of B. longum BB536 and L. rhamnosus HN001 could represent a possible alternative against gastrointestinal and urinary pathogens either as prophylaxis or as treatment.
Collapse
|