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Luo J, Pan Q, Chen Y, Huang W, Chen Q, Zhao T, Guo Z, Liu Y, Lu B. Storage stability and degradation mechanism of xanthohumol in Humulus lupulus L. and beer. Food Chem 2024; 437:137778. [PMID: 37871430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), possessing potent physiological activity, is exclusively derived from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and exhibits high instability. However, its inherent instability often results in degradation during storage, leading to a decline in its activity due to the formation of various products. This study aimed to explore the stability of XN in beer under different storage conditions, establish or clarify degradation kinetic models, and understand the degradation mechanism. Our findings revealed that XN would degrade rapidly when exposed to high temperature and light. Its degradation followed a first-order kinetic model, involving reactions such as isomerization, hydration and ortho-position cyclization, resulting in the formation of five products. These insights shed light on the factors and mechanisms underlying the instability and degradability of XN, serving as a foundation for the development of a stable beer product enriched with functional XN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Qiannan Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Zefeng Guo
- Hangzhou Qiandao Lake Beer Company Limited, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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2
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Mišík M, Staudinger M, Kundi M, Worel N, Nersesyan A, Ferk F, Dusinska M, Azqueta A, Møller P, Knasmueller S. Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay for the Detection of DNA-protective Dietary Factors: Results of Human Intervention Studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108458. [PMID: 37031732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis technique is based on the measurement of DNA migration in an electric field and enables to investigate via determination of DNA-damage the impact of foods and their constituents on the genetic stability. DNA-damage leads to adverse effects including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infertility. In the last 25 years approximately 90 human intervention trials have been published in which DNA-damage, formation of oxidized bases, alterations of the sensitivity towards reactive oxygen species and chemicals and of repair functions were investigated with this technique. In approximately 50% of the studies protective effects were observed. Pronounced protection was found with certain plant foods (spinach, kiwi fruits, onions), coffee, green tea, honey and olive oil. Also diets with increased contents of vegetables caused positive effects. Small amounts of certain phenolics (gallic acid, xanthohumol) prevented oxidative damage of DNA; with antioxidant vitamins and cholecalciferol protective effects were only detected after intake of doses that exceed the recommended daily uptake values. The evaluation of the quality of the studies showed that many have methodological shortcomings (lack of controls, no calibration of repair enzymes, inadequate control of the compliance and statistical analyses) which should be avoided in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlen Staudinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Worel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2002 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Nardini M. An Overview of Bioactive Phenolic Molecules and Antioxidant Properties of Beer: Emerging Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073221. [PMID: 37049984 PMCID: PMC10096009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the oldest and most common beverages worldwide. The phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of beer are crucial factors in evaluating its nutritional quality. Special beers brewed with the addition of adjuncts are gaining in consumer preference, in response to demands for healthy food and new gustatory and olfactory stimuli. Many studies recently dealt with functional beers brewed with the addition of adjuncts. This review focuses on bioactive molecules, particularly the composition of phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity of beer. The current knowledge concerning the effect of the addition of adjuncts in the form of fruit, vegetables, herbs, and natural foods on the polyphenol content, antioxidant properties, and phenolic profile of beer is reviewed, with an outline of the emerging trends in brewing processes. Future studies need to complete the identification and characterization of the bioactive molecules in beer, as well as studying their absorption and metabolic fate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardini
- CREA, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Quality by Design (QbD) Based Method for Estimation of Xanthohumol in Bulk and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Validation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020472. [PMID: 36677532 PMCID: PMC9864017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach is utilized for developing and validating the simple, sensitive, cost-effective reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of xanthohumol (XH) in bulk and nanoformulations. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is applied for method optimization. The mobile phase ratio, pH and flow rate were selected as independent variables, whereas retention time, peak area, peak height, tailing factor, and theoretical plates were selected as dependent variables. The chromatogram of XH obtained under optimized conditions has given optimum conditions such as retention time (5.392 min), peak area (1,226,737 mAU), peak height (90,121 AU), tailing factor (0.991) and theoretical plates (4446.667), which are contoured in the predicted values shown by BBD. Validation of the method has been performed according to ICH Q2(R1) recommendations, using optimized conditions for linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, robustness and system suitability. All the values of validation parameters lie within the acceptable limits prescribed by ICH. Therefore, the developed and validated method of XH by the AQbD approach can be applied for the estimation of XH in bulk and various nanoformulations.
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Bioanalytical Method Development, Validation and Stability Assessment of Xanthohumol in Rat Plasma. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207117. [PMID: 36296708 PMCID: PMC9608944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XH) a prenylated chalcone has diverse therapeutic effects against various diseases. In the present study, a bioanalytical method was developed for XH in rat plasma using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The validation of the method was performed as per ICH M10 guidelines using curcumin as an internal standard. The Isocratic elution method was used with a run time of 10 min, wherein the mobile phase ratio 0.1% v/v OPA (A): Methanol (B) was 15:85 v/v at flow rate 0.8 mL/min and injection volume of 20 µL. The chromatograms of XH and curcumin was recorded at a wavelength of 370 nm. The retention time for XH and curcumin was 7.4 and 5.8 min, respectively. The spiked XH from plasma was extracted by the protein precipitation method. The developed method was linear with R2 value of 0.9996 over a concentration range of 50-250 ng/mL along with LLOQ. The results of all the validation parameters are found to be within the accepted limits with %RSD value less than 2 and the percentage recovery was found to be greater than 95%. Based on the %RSD and percentage recovery results it was confirmed that the method was precise and accurate among the study replicates. LOD and LOQ values in plasma samples were found to be 8.49 ng/mL and 25.73 ng/mL, respectively. The stability studies like freeze thaw, short term and long-term stability studies were also performed, %RSD and percentage recovery of the XH from plasma samples were within the acceptable limits. Therefore, the developed bioanalytical method can be used effectively for estimation of XH in plasma samples.
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Oliva E, Fanti F, Palmieri S, Viteritti E, Eugelio F, Pepe A, Compagnone D, Sergi M. Predictive Multi Experiment Approach for the Determination of Conjugated Phenolic Compounds in Vegetal Matrices by Means of LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103089. [PMID: 35630565 PMCID: PMC9147803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PCs) are a numerous class of bioactive molecules and are known for their antioxidant activity. In this work, the potential of the quadrupole/linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometer (LIT-QqQ) was exploited to develop a semi-untargeted method for the identification of polyphenols in different food matrices: green coffee, Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Humulus lupulus L. (hop). Several conjugate forms of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid were detected using neutral loss (NL) as a survey scan coupled with dependent scans with enhanced product ion (EPI) based on information-dependent acquisition (IDA) criteria. The presented approach is focused on a specific class of molecules and provides comprehensive information on the different conjugation models that are related to specific base molecules, thus allowing a quick and effective identification of all possible combinations, such as mono-, di-, or tri-glycosylation or another type of conjugation such as quinic acid esters.
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Arshad F, Mohd-Naim NF, Chandrawati R, Cozzolino D, Ahmed MU. Nanozyme-based sensors for detection of food biomarkers: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26160-26175. [PMID: 36275095 PMCID: PMC9475342 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes have piqued the curiosity of scientists in recent years because of their ability to demonstrate enzyme-like activity combined with advantages such as high stability, inexpensive availability, robust activity, and tunable properties. These attributes have allowed the successful application of nanozymes in sensing to detect various chemical and biological target analytes, overcoming the shortcomings of conventional detection techniques. In this review, we discuss recent developments of nanozyme-based sensors to detect biomarkers associated with food quality and safety. First, we present a brief introduction to this topic, followed by discussing the different types of sensors used in food biomarker detection. We then highlight recent studies on nanozyme-based sensors to detect food markers such as toxins, pathogens, antibiotics, growth hormones, metal ions, additives, small molecules, and drug residues. In the subsequent section, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions towards the development of nanozyme-based sensors for application in the food industry. Finally, we conclude the review by discussing future perspectives of this field towards successful detection and monitoring of food analytes. We present a discussion on different types of sensors used in food biomarker detection and highlight recent studies on nanozyme-based sensors to detect markers like toxins, pathogens, antibiotics, growth hormones, metal ions, additives, small molecules, drug residues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Arshad
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Integrated Science Building, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Noor Faizah Mohd-Naim
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Integrated Science Building, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Integrated Science Building, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
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8
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Neumann HF, Frank J, Venturelli S, Egert S. Bioavailability and Cardiometabolic Effects of Xanthohumol: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100831. [PMID: 34967501 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol is the main prenylflavonoid in hops and has been associated with a wide range of health benefits, due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and cancer-preventive properties. Increasing evidence suggests that xanthohumol positively affects biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review summarizes the effects of xanthohumol supplementation on body weight, lipid and glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation, and redox status. In addition, it provides insights into the pharmacokinetics of xanthohumol intake. Animal studies show that xanthohumol exerts beneficial effects on body weight, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and other biochemical parameters associated with metabolic syndrome and CVDs. Although in vitro studies are increasingly elucidating the responsible mechanisms, the overall in vivo results are currently inconsistent and quantitatively insufficient. Pharmacokinetic and safety studies confirm that intake of xanthohumol is safe and well tolerated in both animals and humans. However, little is known about the metabolism of xanthohumol in the human body, and even less about its effects on body weight and CVD risk factors. There is an urgent need for studies investigating whether the effects of xanthohumol on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters observed in animal studies are reproducible in humans, and what dosage, formulation, and intervention period are required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Neumann
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany
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9
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Bai HH, Xia TS, Jiang YP, Xu WM, Xu PC, Wang NN, Gou XJ, Xin HL. Absorption, metabolism, and pharmacokinetic profile of xanthohumol in rats as determined via UPLC-MS/MS. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2021; 43:11-22. [PMID: 34914109 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol, a natural isoflavone from Humulus lupulus L., possesses biological activities. However, the biological fate of xanthohumol in vivo remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption and metabolism of xanthohumol in rats through UPLC-MS/MS. The plasma, urine and fecal samples were collected after oral administration of xanthohumol (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) in SD rats. The contents of xanthohumol and its metabolites were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 6 metabolites of xanthohumol were identified in rats, including methylated, glucuronidated, acid-catalyzed cyclization and oxidation, indicating xanthohumol underwent phase I and II metabolism. Besides, isoxanthohumol was the major metabolites of xanthohumol. Xanthohumol was rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated in rats. The pharmacokinetics results showed the Tmax of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol were 3 and 2.33 h, respectively. The AUC0-t of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol were 138.83 ± 6.03 and 38.77 ± 4.46 ng/ml·h, respectively. Furthermore, xanthohumol was mainly excreted in the form of prototype through feces and a small amount of xanthohumol was excreted through urine. These results illustrated the absorption, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics process of xanthohumol in rats, and provided a reference for the further rational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Mu Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Cui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na-Ni Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Gou
- Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Preparation of Hop Estrogen-Active Material for Production of Food Supplements. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196065. [PMID: 34641609 PMCID: PMC8512618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in the health-promoting effects of hop prenylflavonoids, especially its estrogenic effects, has grown. Unfortunately, one of the most potent phytoestrogens identified so far, 8-prenylnaringenin, is only a minor component of hops, so its isolation from hop materials for the production of estrogenically active food supplements has proved to be problematic. The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions (e.g., temperature, the length of the process and the amount of the catalyst) to produce 8-prenylnaringenin-rich material by the magnesium oxide-catalyzed thermal isomerization of desmethylxanthohumol. Under these optimized conditions, the yield of 8-prenylnaringenin was 29 mg per 100 gDW of product, corresponding to a >70% increase in its content relative to the starting material. This process may be applied in the production of functional foods or food supplements rich in 8-prenylnaringenin, which may then be utilized in therapeutic agents to help alleviate the symptoms of menopausal disorders.
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11
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Cykowiak M, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Kleszcz R, Kucińska M, Szaefer H, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Plewiński A, Murias M, Baer-Dubowska W. Comparison of the Impact of Xanthohumol and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Their Combination on Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways in HepG2 Cells In Vitro and Tumor Burden In Vivo. Nutrients 2021; 13:3000. [PMID: 34578877 PMCID: PMC8465864 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that combinations of phytochemicals are more efficient than single components in the modulation of signaling pathways involved in cancer development. In this study, the impact of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), xanthohumol, (X), and resveratrol (RES) and their combinations on the activation and expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB in human hepatocytes and HCC cells were evaluated. Methods: THLE-2 and HepG2 cells were exposed to single phytochemicals and their combinations for 24 h. The activation of Nrf2 and NF-κB, expression of their target genes, and effect on cells survival were assessed. The tumor burden was evaluated in mice carrying xenografts. Results: All phytochemicals enhanced the activation and expression of Nrf2 and its target genes SOD and NQO1 in HepG2 cells. The increased expression of NQO1 (~90%) was associated with increased ROS generation. X + PEITC downregulated NF-κB activation reducing binding of its active subunits to DNA resulting in diminished COX-2 expression. In contrast to single phytochemicals, X + PEITC induced apoptosis. Moderate reduction of tumor burden in mice carrying xenografts following X and PEITC or their combination was observed. Conclusions: Since Nrf2 is overexpressed in HCC its reduced activation together with diminished level of NF-κB by X + PEITC may be considered as a strategy to support conventional HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cykowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.C.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (W.B.-D.)
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.C.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (W.B.-D.)
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.C.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (W.B.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Kucińska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (H.P.-K.); (M.M.)
| | - Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.C.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (W.B.-D.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (H.P.-K.); (M.M.)
| | - Adam Plewiński
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 10, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (H.P.-K.); (M.M.)
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.C.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (W.B.-D.)
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12
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Harish V, Haque E, Śmiech M, Taniguchi H, Jamieson S, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Xanthohumol for Human Malignancies: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094478. [PMID: 33923053 PMCID: PMC8123270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XH) is an important prenylated flavonoid that is found within the inflorescence of Humulus lupulus L. (Hop plant). XH is an important ingredient in beer and is considered a significant bioactive agent due to its diverse medicinal applications, which include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antifungal, antigenotoxic, antiangiogenic, and antimalarial effects as well as strong anticancer activity towards various types of cancer cells. XH acts as a wide ranging chemopreventive and anticancer agent, and its isomer, 8-prenylnaringenin, is a phytoestrogen with strong estrogenic activity. The present review focuses on the bioactivity of XH on various types of cancers and its pharmacokinetics. In this paper, we first highlight, in brief, the history and use of hops and then the chemistry and structure–activity relationship of XH. Lastly, we focus on its prominent effects and mechanisms of action on various cancers and its possible use in cancer prevention and treatment. Considering the limited number of available reviews on this subject, our goal is to provide a complete and detailed understanding of the anticancer effects of XH against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vancha Harish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India;
| | - Effi Haque
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (E.H.); (M.Ś.); (H.T.)
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (E.H.); (M.Ś.); (H.T.)
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (E.H.); (M.Ś.); (H.T.)
| | - Sarah Jamieson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (D.T.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.T.); or (A.B.)
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13
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Schretter C, Langeder J, Freisinger V, Rollinger JM, Grienke U. Quantitative Analysis of Prenylated Constituents in Commercial Hops Samples Using Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1140-1147. [PMID: 32182624 DOI: 10.1055/a-1130-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The importance of hops (the flowers of Humulus lupulus) as food and an herbal remedy is reflected by a large number of analytical methods published. However, supercritical fluid chromatography, a highly efficient, rapid, and "green" separation technique, has not been considered for hops samples so far. This prompted us to establish the first supercritical fluid chromatography-based protocol for the separation, identification, and quantitation of five prenylated constituents of hops. Hulupinic acid ( 1: ), a prominent oxidation product of hop acids, three flavanones, i.e., 8-prenylnaringenin ( 2: ), 6-prenylnaringenin ( 3: ), and isoxanthohumol ( 4: ), as well as the chalcone xanthohumol ( 5: ) could be baseline separated in less than 5 minutes using a Viridis BEH 2-EP column (3.0 × 100 mm; 1.7 µm particle size) and a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and isopropanol. Good results regarding selectivity, accuracy (recovery rates: 85.0 - 113.1%), precision (intra-day ≤ 2.1%, inter-day ≤ 3.5%), and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) were obtained for both photodiode array and mass detection. The lowest detection limit at 220 nm was at 0.1 µg/mL ( 1, 3: , and 4: ), with mass detection even at 0.001 µg/mL ( 4: ). As an application example of the validated method, the five hops constituents were quantified in three dietary supplements, one herbal medicinal product, and two batches of hop flowers (Lupuli flos). In most samples analyzed, the major component was 5: (0.01 - 1.02%), whereas the major component in Lupuli flos samples was compound 1: (0.12 - 0.21%). This protocol offers a fast and environmentally friendly alternative to liquid chromatography for the quality control of hops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schretter
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Langeder
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Leśków A, Tarnowska M, Rosińczuk J, Dobrzyński M, Kaliszewski K, Majda J, Żybura-Wszol̷a K, Sobolewska S, Diakowska D. Xanthohumol Effect on 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin-Treated Japanese Quails in Terms of Serum Lipids, Liver Enzymes, Estradiol, and Thyroid Hormones. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24445-24452. [PMID: 33015460 PMCID: PMC7528308 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are compounds classified as persistent organic pollutants, from which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic to living organisms. TCDD is considered a carcinogen and has proinflammatory influence on animals and humans, promoting free radicals' formation, and binding with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) leads to expression of cytochrome p-450 genes that in turn predisposes to mutations. Natural flavonoids, in this case xanthohumol (XN), have been reported to attenuate TCDD toxicity through inhibition of the transformation of the AhR. Moreover, XN shows antioxidant properties. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and XN on lipid, liver enzyme, estradiol, and thyroid enzyme levels in the serum of Japanese quails. Adult, six-month-old, Japanese quails were divided into eight groups according to treatment procedures. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), triglycerides (TGs), estradiol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were measured. In comparison with the control group, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin significantly decreased concentrations of serum HDLs and thyroid hormones and significantly increased the serum TCh level. Levels of serum TGs, liver enzymes, and estradiol were not changed after 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment. Based on our data, XN treatment may also increase the levels of thyroid hormones. Moreover, the tested dioxin disrupts the liver function, especially changing lipids' metabolism. Therefore, more studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism of toxic influence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on key metabolic pathways and organs in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leśków
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 51618, Poland
| | - Mal̷gorzata Tarnowska
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 51618, Poland
| | - Joanna Rosińczuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 51618, Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50425, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological
Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50369, Poland
| | - Jacek Majda
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics,
4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw 50981, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Sobolewska
- Department
of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, 51630, Poland
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 51618, Poland
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15
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Olas B, Bryś M. Beer components and their beneficial effect on the hemostasis and cardiovascular diseases- truth or falsehood. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111782. [PMID: 32991986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages in the world; however, traditional - and non-alcoholic beer consumption appear to have different effects on the cardiovascular system. In this short work, we review a base of recent papers to confirm whether, or not, moderate consumption of beer and its non-alcoholic components have a beneficial effect of cardiovascular system. Moreover, the present work reviews recently published papers regarding the influence of beer components on the hemostasis, cardiovascular system, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although most nutritional guidelines recommend a maximum of one beer per day for women and two for men, individual ideals may vary according to age, sex, genetics and body type, as well as drug or supplement use. Moreover, the recommendations for the moderate consumption of beer are often based on individual case reports and often small clinical experiments. In addition, as the health-related effects of beer consumption may also depend on the presence of other dietary components, as well as the type of beer, it is difficult to determine whether moderate consumption is universally safe and beneficial for the cardiovascular system. More randomized clinical trials are needed to determine this. Well-designed clinical trials are also required to determine the influence of various beer components on hemostasis and CVDs, and their effects in combination with drug or supplement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- University of Lodz, Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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