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Galindo JM, Tardío C, Saikia B, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Torres-Moya I. Recent Insights about the Role of Gels in Organic Photonics and Electronics. Gels 2023; 9:875. [PMID: 37998965 PMCID: PMC10670943 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an in-depth exploration of the role of gels in the fields of organic electronics and photonics, focusing on their unique properties and applications. Despite their remarkable potential, gel-based innovations remain relatively uncharted in these domains. This brief review aims to bridge the knowledge gap by shedding light on the diverse roles that gels can fulfil in the enhancement of organic electronic and photonic devices. From flexible electronics to light-emitting materials, we delve into specific examples of gel applications, highlighting their versatility and promising outcomes. This work serves as an indispensable resource for researchers interested in harnessing the transformative power of gels within these cutting-edge fields. The objective of this review is to raise awareness about the overlooked research potential of gels in optoelectronic materials, which have somewhat diminished in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M. Galindo
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Carlos Tardío
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULAK—KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULAK—KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30010 Murcia, Spain
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Perța-Crișan S, Ursachi CȘ, Chereji BD, Tolan I, Munteanu FD. Food-Grade Oleogels: Trends in Analysis, Characterization, and Applicability. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050386. [PMID: 37232978 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, a large number of scientific articles can be found in the research literature in the field focusing on the use of oleogels for food formulation to improve their nutritional properties. The present review focuses on the most representative food-grade oleogels, highlighting current trends in terms of the most suitable methods of analysis and characterization, as well as trends in their application as substitutes for saturated and trans fats in foods. For this purpose, the physicochemical properties, structure, and composition of some oleogelators are primarily discussed, along with the adequacy of oleogel incorporation for use in edible products. Analysis and characterization of oleogels by different methods are important in the formulation of innovative foods, and therefore, this review discusses the most recent published results regarding their microstructure, rheological and textural properties, and oxidative stability. Last but not least, issues related to the sensory properties of oleogel-based foods are discussed, highlighting also the consumer acceptability of some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perța-Crișan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Claudiu-Ștefan Ursachi
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Bianca-Denisa Chereji
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Iolanda Tolan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania
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3
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Fabrication of novel hybrid gel based on beeswax oleogel: Application in the compound chocolate formulation. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Silva PM, Cerqueira MA, Martins AJ, Fasolin LH, Cunha RL, Vicente AA. Oleogels and bigels as alternatives to saturated fats: A review on their application by the food industry. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho Braga Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory Braga Portugal
| | | | | | - Luiz H. Fasolin
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rosiane L. Cunha
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Analysis of Stability, Rheological and Structural Properties of Oleogels Obtained from Peanut Oil Structured with Yellow Beeswax. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070448. [PMID: 35877533 PMCID: PMC9318143 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and microscopic properties of oleogels with yellow beeswax using different methods, especially modern optical techniques. Microrheological properties, physical stability and morphology of oleogel crystals obtained by structuring of peanut oil with yellow beeswax was analyzed. It was observed that oleogels, even with the smallest concentration of beeswax (2%), were resistant to centrifugal force. Increase in yellow beeswax concentration (from 2, 4, 6 to 8 %) resulted in significant differences in the characteristics of oleogels: increased elasticity (EI), macroscopic viscosity (MVI) and the firmness values of oleogels. It was concluded that non-invasive optical techniques (multi-speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy—Rheolaser Master) are useful in obtaining a quick evaluation of physical properties of oleogels at the microstructural level, and the received information allows for quality assessment.
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Oleogels and Organogels: A Promising Tool for New Functionalities. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060349. [PMID: 35735693 PMCID: PMC9222402 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Szymańska I, Żbikowska A, Onacik-Gür S. Candelilla wax-based oleogels versus palm oil: evaluation of physical properties of innovative and conventional lipids using optical techniques. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2309-2320. [PMID: 34625957 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of palm oil in food production affects high consumption of long-chain saturated fatty acids, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Solid or semi-solid wax-based oleogels obtained as a result of edible oils structuring can be an alternative. RESULTS Oleogels, obtained by structuring a mixture of refined rapeseed and linseed oils (1:1) with 30-80 g kg-1 candelilla wax (CW), were investigated using optical techniques: multi-speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy, centrifugal stability analysis, reflection method, and polarized light microscopy. Refined palm oil was a comparative sample. Increasing CW concentration resulted in an increase in values of L* parameter and opacity, a decrease in the Yellowness Index and a slight increase in the average crystal size. The microstructure of oleogels with 30 or 40 g kg-1 CW was least like the crystal network. Solidification of oleogels took place in two stages. Increase in CW concentration shortened solidification time and increased solidification temperature (greater elasticity of oleogels). Palm oil solidified the longest (497.1 min) and at the lowest temperature (29.3 °C). It showed lower resistance to centrifugal force than oleogels at 20 and 30 °C. All oleogels were stable (no oil release occurred) at 20 °C. CONCLUSION Optical methods allow for an objective and detailed analysis of physical properties of palm oil and oleogels, as well as identification and tracking changes at the microstructural level over time. It has great potential in the edible lipid quality control at various stages of processing or storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szymańska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Żbikowska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Onacik-Gür
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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Kaur J, Jawandha SK, Gill PS, Grewal SK, Singh H. Effect of beeswax enriched with sodium nitroprusside coating on antioxidant properties and quality of lemon
cv
. PAU Baramasi Lemon‐1 fruits during low temperature storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaismeen Kaur
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | | | - Parmpal Singh Gill
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Harminder Singh
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
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Principato L, Carullo D, Bassani A, Gruppi A, Duserm Garrido G, Dordoni R, Spigno G. Effect of Dietary Fiber and Thermal Conditions on Rice Bran Wax-Based Structured Edible Oils. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123072. [PMID: 34945623 PMCID: PMC8701372 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, extra-virgin olive oil (EVO)- and sunflower oil (SFO)-based oleogels were structured using rice bran wax (RBW) at 10% by weight (w/w). Bamboo fiber milled with 40 (BF40), 90 (BF90) and 150 (BF150) µm of average size was added as a structuring agent. The effect of fiber addition and cooling temperature (0, 4, and 25 °C) on thermal and structural parameters of achieved gels was assessed by rheological (both in rotational and oscillatory mode), texture, and differential scanning calorimetry tests. Oleogelation modified the rheological behavior of EVO and SFO, thus shifting from a Newtonian trend typical of oils to a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior in gels. Moreover, oleogels behaved as solid-like systems with G′ > G″, regardless of the applied condition. All samples exhibit a thermal-reversible behavior, even though the presence of hysteresis suggests a partial reduction in structural properties under stress. Decreasing in cooling temperature negatively contributed to network formation, despite being partially recovered by low-granulometry fiber addition. The latter dramatically improved either textural, rheological, or stability parameters of gels, as compared with only edible oil-based systems. Finally, wax/gel compatibility affected the crystallization enthalpy and final product stability (gel strength) due to different gelator–gelator and gelator–solvent interactions.
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Eisinaitė V, Vinauskienė R, Syrpas M, Venskutonis PR, Leskauskaitė D. Oleogel formulation using lipophilic sea buckthorn extract isolated from pomace with supercritical CO 2. J Texture Stud 2021; 52:520-533. [PMID: 34076280 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic sea buckthorn pomace extract isolated by supercritical CO2 (LSBPE) was structurized with different amounts of carnauba wax or beeswax as oleogelators. Oleogels were also made with added water at an LSBPE:water ratio of 70:30. LSBPE was characterized by a favorable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (1:3) and reasonable amounts of omega-7 fatty acids (4.45% of total), tocopherols (63.0 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (700.1 mg/100 g). The oleogels were characterized by their structural and rheological properties, and physical and chemical stability during storage. Carnauba wax produced a gel-like structure with a highly condensed network of aggregated crystals, while beeswax oleogels displayed elongated crystals which formed interconnected networks. Carnauba wax gels were harder than beeswax gels with better oil-binding capacity and higher crystallization and melting temperatures. Both oleogels showed good physical and oxidative stability during storage due to the immobilization of oil in the three-dimensional structures, and the presence of strong lipophilic antioxidants in LSBPE, respectively. As the proportion of waxes increased from 5 to 17.5%, the hardness, oil-binding capacity, crystallization, and melting temperatures increased in both gels due to the more developed crystalline associations. Addition of water had no significant effect on the physical and chemical stability of oleogels during storage. Water was distributed as small droplets in the crystalline network of oleogelators. However, hardness and oil-binding capacity decreased as water was added. Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds, LSBPE oleogels offer the opportunity to deliver bioactives while simultaneously acting as fat substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Eisinaitė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rimantė Vinauskienė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Michail Syrpas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Daiva Leskauskaitė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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