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Kavimani V, Lakkaboyana SK, Trilaksana H, Atanase LI. Mechanical Properties and Degradation Rate of Poly(Sorbitol Adipate-Co-Dioladipate) Copolymers Obtained with a Catalyst-Free Melt Polycondensation Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:499. [PMID: 38399877 PMCID: PMC10893197 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A new family of polyester-based copolymers-poly(sorbitol adipate-co-ethylene glycol adipate) (PSAEG), poly(sorbitol adipate-co-1,4 butane diol adipate) (PSABD), and poly (sorbitol adipate-co-1,6 hexane diol adipate) (PSAHD)-was obtained with a catalyst-free melt polycondensation procedure using the multifunctional non-toxic monomer sorbitol, adipic acid, and diol, which are acceptable to the human metabolism. Synthesized polyesters were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight and thermal properties of the polymers were determined by MALDI mass spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis. The degradation rate was investigated, at 37 °C, in 0.1M NaOH (pH 13) and in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at pH 7.4. It was found that the polymers degraded faster in NaOH (i.e., in a day) compared to their degradation in PBS, which was much slower (in a week). The highest degradation rate was noticed for the PSAEG sample in both media, whereas PSAHD was the most stable polymer at pH 7.4 and 13. A reduced hydrophilicity of the polymers with diol length was indicated by low swelling percentage and sol content in water and DMSO. Mechanical studies prove that all the polymers are elastomers whose flexibility increases with diol length, shown by the increase in percentage of elongation at break and the decrease in tensile stress and Young's modulus. These biodegradable copolymers with adaptable physicochemical characteristics might be useful for a broad variety of biological applications by merely varying the length of the diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kavimani
- Department of Chemistry, Prathyusha Engineering College, Chennai 600025, India;
| | - Sivarama Krishna Lakkaboyana
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India;
| | - Herri Trilaksana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Leonard I. Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Apollonia University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Rashid H, Lucas H, Busse K, Kressler J, Mäder K, Trutschel ML. Development of Poly(sorbitol adipate)- g-poly(ethylene glycol) Mono Methyl Ether-Based Hydrogel Matrices for Model Drug Release. Gels 2023; 10:17. [PMID: 38247740 PMCID: PMC10815636 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels were prepared by Steglich esterification and by crosslinking pre-synthesized poly(sorbitol adipate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether (PSA-g-mPEG) using different-chain-length-based disuccinyl PEG. PSA and PSA-g-mPEG were investigated for polymer degradation as a function of time at different temperatures. PSA-g-mPEG hydrogels were then evaluated for their most crucial properties of swelling that rendered them suitable for many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Hydrogels were also examined for their Sol-Gel content in order to investigate the degree of cross-linking. Physical structural parameters of the hydrogels were theoretically estimated using the modified Flory-Rehner theory to obtain approximate values of polymer volume fraction, the molecular weight between two crosslinks, and the mesh size of the hydrogels. X-ray diffraction was conducted to detect the presence or absence of crystalline regions in the hydrogels. PSA-g-mPEG hydrogels were then extensively examined for higher and lower molecular weight solute release through analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels was also investigated using a resazurin reduction assay. Experimental results show that PSA-g-mPEG provides an option as a biocompatible polymer to be used for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrike Lucas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Busse
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Trutschel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Fakhri V, Su CH, Tavakoli Dare M, Bazmi M, Jafari A, Pirouzfar V. Harnessing the power of polyol-based polyesters for biomedical innovations: synthesis, properties, and biodegradation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9597-9629. [PMID: 37740402 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyesters based on polyols have emerged as promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and regenerative medicine, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile physicochemical properties. This review article provides an overview of the synthesis methods, performance, and biodegradation mechanisms of polyol-based polyesters, highlighting their potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications. The synthesis techniques, such as simple polycondensation and enzymatic polymerization, allow for the fine-tuning of polyester structure and molecular weight, thereby enabling the tailoring of material properties to specific application requirements. The physicochemical properties of polyol-based polyesters, such as hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and mechanical properties, can be altered by incorporating different polyols. The article highlights the influence of various factors, such as molecular weight, crosslinking density, and degradation medium, on the biodegradation behavior of these materials, and the importance of understanding these factors for controlling degradation rates. Future research directions include the development of novel polyesters with improved properties, optimization of degradation rates, and exploration of advanced processing techniques for fabricating scaffolds and drug delivery systems. Overall, polyol-based polyesters hold significant potential in the field of biomedical applications, paving the way for groundbreaking advancements and innovative solutions that could revolutionize patient care and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Fakhri
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Masoud Tavakoli Dare
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bazmi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Jafari
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Pirouzfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ullah A, Lim SI. Bioinspired tunable hydrogels: An update on methods of preparation, classification, and biomedical and therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121368. [PMID: 34896566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels exhibit water-insoluble three-dimensional polymeric networks capable of absorbing large amounts of biological fluids. Both natural and synthetic polymers are used for the preparation of hydrogel networks. Such polymeric networks are fabricated through chemical or physical mechanisms of crosslinking. Chemical crosslinking is accomplished mainly through covalent bonding, while physical crosslinking involves self-healing secondary forces like H-bonding, host-guest interactions, and antigen-antibody interactions. The building blocks of the hydrogels play an important role in determining the mechanical, biological, and physicochemical properties. Hydrogels are used in a variety of biomedical applications like diagnostics (biodetection and bioimaging), delivery of therapeutics (drugs, immunotherapeutics, and vaccines), wound dressing and skin materials, cardiac complications, contact lenses, tissue engineering, and cell culture because of the inherent characteristics like enhanced water uptake and structural similarity with the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review highlights the recent trends and advances in the roles of hydrogels in biomedical and therapeutic applications. We also discuss the classification and methods of hydrogels preparation. A brief outlook on the future directions of hydrogels is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Mazzarotta A, Caputo TM, Raiola L, Battista E, Netti PA, Causa F. Small Oligonucleotides Detection in Three-Dimensional Polymer Network of DNA-PEG Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:90. [PMID: 34287281 PMCID: PMC8293047 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of the three-dimensional (3D) polymer network structure is important for permselective materials when specific biomolecule detection is needed. Here we investigate conditions to obtain a tailored hydrogel network that combines both molecular filtering and molecular capture capabilities for biosensing applications. Along this line, short oligonucleotide detection in a displacement assay is set within PEGDA hydrogels synthetized by UV radical photopolymerization. To provide insights on the molecular filter capability, diffusion studies of several probes (sulforhodamine G and dextrans) with different hydrodynamic radii were carried out using NMR technique. Moreover, fluorometric analyses of hybridization of DNA oligonucleotides inside PEGDA hydrogels shed light on the mechanisms of recognition in 3D, highlighting that mesh size and crowding effect greatly impact the hybridization mechanism on a polymer network. Finally, we found the best probe density and diffusion transport conditions to allow the specific oligonucleotide capture and detection inside PEGDA hydrogels for oligonucleotide detection and the filtering out of higher molecular weight molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mazzarotta
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.M.C.); (L.R.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Tania Mariastella Caputo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.M.C.); (L.R.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Luca Raiola
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.M.C.); (L.R.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Edmondo Battista
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (T.M.C.); (L.R.); (P.A.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica del Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica del Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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