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Li Z, Giarto J, Zhang J, Gim J, Chen E, Enriquez E, Jafuta L, Mahalingam E, Turng LS. Design and Synthesis of P(AAm-co-NaAMPS)-Alginate-Xanthan Hydrogels and the Study of Their Mechanical and Rheological Properties in Artificial Vascular Graft Applications. Gels 2024; 10:319. [PMID: 38786235 PMCID: PMC11121731 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality among non-communicable diseases worldwide. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is a widely used material for making artificial vascular grafts to treat CVDs; however, its application in small-diameter vascular grafts is limited by the issues of thrombosis formation and intimal hyperplasia. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates a hydrogel layer on the lumen of ePTFE vascular grafts through mechanical interlocking to efficiently facilitate endothelialization and alleviate thrombosis and restenosis problems. This study investigated how various gel synthesis variables, including N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), sodium alginate, and calcium sulfate (CaSO4), influence the mechanical and rheological properties of P(AAm-co-NaAMPS)-alginate-xanthan hydrogels intended for vascular graft applications. The findings obtained can provide valuable guidance for crafting hydrogels suitable for artificial vascular graft fabrication. The increased sodium alginate content leads to increased equilibrium swelling ratios, greater viscosity in hydrogel precursor solutions, and reduced transparency. Adding more CaSO4 decreases the swelling ratio of a hydrogel system, which offsets the increased swelling ratio caused by alginate. Increased MBAA in the hydrogel system enhances both the shear modulus and Young's modulus while reducing the transparency of the hydrogel system and the pore size of freeze-dried samples. Overall, Hydrogel (6A12M) with 2.58 mg/mL CaSO4 was the optimal candidate for ePTFE-hydrogel vascular graft applications due to its smallest pore size, highest shear storage modulus and Young's modulus, smallest swelling ratio, and a desirable precursor solution viscosity that facilitates fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhutong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Joshua Giarto
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| | - Jinsu Gim
- Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jinju 52845, Republic of Korea;
| | - Edward Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Eduardo Enriquez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren Jafuta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Esha Mahalingam
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
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Sanchez Armengol E, Hock N, Saribal S, To D, Summonte S, Veider F, Kali G, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Laffleur F. Unveiling the potential of biomaterials and their synergistic fusion in tissue engineering. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106761. [PMID: 38580169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, tissue engineering aims to employ intricate mechanisms for advanced clinical interventions, unlocking inherent biological potential and propelling medical breakthroughs. Therefore, medical, and pharmaceutical fields are growing interest in tissue and organ replacement, repair, and regeneration by this technology. Three primary mechanisms are currently used in tissue engineering: transplantation of cells (I), injection of growth factors (II) and cellular seeding in scaffolds (III). However, to develop scaffolds presenting highest potential, reinforcement with polymeric materials is growing interest. For instance, natural and synthetic polymers can be used. Regardless, chitosan and keratin are two biopolymers presenting great biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-antigenic properties for tissue engineering purposes offering restoration and revitalization. Therefore, combination of chitosan and keratin has been studied and results exhibit highly porous scaffolds providing optimal environment for tissue cultivation. This review aims to give an historical as well as current overview of tissue engineering, presenting mechanisms used and polymers involved in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nathalie Hock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; ITM Isotope Technologies Munich SE, Walther-von-Dyck Str. 4, 85748, Garching bei Munich, Germany
| | - Sila Saribal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dennis To
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simona Summonte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; ThioMatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florina Veider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Sandoz, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Branković M, Zivic F, Grujovic N, Stojadinovic I, Milenkovic S, Kotorcevic N. Review of Spider Silk Applications in Biomedical and Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:169. [PMID: 38534854 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review will present the latest research related to the production and application of spider silk and silk-based materials in reconstructive and regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, with a focus on musculoskeletal tissues, and including skin regeneration and tissue repair of bone and cartilage, ligaments, muscle tissue, peripheral nerves, and artificial blood vessels. Natural spider silk synthesis is reviewed, and the further recombinant production of spider silk proteins. Research insights into possible spider silk structures, like fibers (1D), coatings (2D), and 3D constructs, including porous structures, hydrogels, and organ-on-chip designs, have been reviewed considering a design of bioactive materials for smart medical implants and drug delivery systems. Silk is one of the toughest natural materials, with high strain at failure and mechanical strength. Novel biomaterials with silk fibroin can mimic the tissue structure and promote regeneration and new tissue growth. Silk proteins are important in designing tissue-on-chip or organ-on-chip technologies and micro devices for the precise engineering of artificial tissues and organs, disease modeling, and the further selection of adequate medical treatments. Recent research indicates that silk (films, hydrogels, capsules, or liposomes coated with silk proteins) has the potential to provide controlled drug release at the target destination. However, even with clear advantages, there are still challenges that need further research, including clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Branković
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Fatima Zivic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Grujovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stojadinovic
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Strahinja Milenkovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kotorcevic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Valdes O, Bustos D, Guzmán L, Muñoz-Vera M, Urra G, Castro RI, Morales-Quintana L. The Controlled Release of Abscisic Acid (ABA) Utilizing Alginate-Chitosan Gel Blends: A Synergistic Approach for an Enhanced Small-Molecule Delivery Controller. Gels 2024; 10:185. [PMID: 38534603 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of abscisic acid (ABA) into a chitosan-alginate gel blend unveils crucial insights into the formation and stability of these two substances. ABA, a key phytohormone in plant growth and stress responses, is strategically targeted for controlled release within these complexes. This study investigates the design and characterization of this novel controlled-release system, showcasing the potential of alginate-chitosan gel blends in ABA delivery. Computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulations, are employed to analyze the structural effects of microencapsulation, offering valuable insights into complex behavior under varying conditions. This paper focuses on the controlled release of ABA from these complexes, highlighting its strategic importance in drug delivery systems and beyond. This controlled release enables targeted and regulated ABA delivery, with far-reaching implications for pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and plant stress response studies. While acknowledging context dependency, the paper suggests that the liberation or controlled release of ABA holds promise in applications, urging further research and experimentation to validate its utility across diverse fields. Overall, this work significantly contributes to understanding the characteristics and potential applications of chitosan-alginate complexes, marking a noteworthy advancement in the field of controlled-release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay, s/n, Casilla 747-721, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Muñoz-Vera
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Pte. N° 1670, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Gabriela Urra
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Ricardo I Castro
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Arquitectura, Construcción y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Pte. N° 1670, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Pte. N° 1670, Talca 3467987, Chile
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Paramasivam G, Sanmugam A, Palem VV, Sevanan M, Sairam AB, Nachiappan N, Youn B, Lee JS, Nallal M, Park KH. Nanomaterials for detection of biomolecules and delivering therapeutic agents in theragnosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127904. [PMID: 37939770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are emerging facts used to deliver therapeutic agents in living systems. Nanotechnology is used as a compliment by implementing different kinds of nanotechnological applications such as nano-porous structures, functionalized nanomaterials, quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials, and polymeric nanostructures. The applications are in the initial stage, which led to achieving several diagnoses and therapy in clinical practice. This review conveys the importance of nanomaterials in post-genomic employment, which includes the design of immunosensors, immune assays, and drug delivery. In this view, genomics is a molecular tool containing large databases that are useful in choosing an apt molecular inhibitor such as drug, ligand and antibody target in the drug delivery process. This study identifies the expression of genes and proteins in analysis and classification of diseases. Experimentally, the study analyses the design of a disease model. In particular, drug delivery is a boon area to treat cancer. The identified drugs enter different phase trails (Trails I, II, and III). The genomic information conveys more essential entities to the phase I trials and helps to move further for other trails such as trails-II and III. In such cases, the biomarkers play a crucial role by monitoring the unique pathological process. Genetic engineering with recombinant DNA techniques can be employed to develop genetically engineered disease models. Delivering drugs in a specific area is one of the challenging issues achieved using nanoparticles. Therefore, genomics is considered as a vast molecular tool to identify drugs in personalized medicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anandhavelu Sanmugam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananda Babu Sairam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachiappan Nachiappan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthuchamy Nallal
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Alshangiti DM, El-Damhougy TK, Zaher A, Madani M, Mohamady Ghobashy M. Revolutionizing biomedicine: advancements, applications, and prospects of nanocomposite macromolecular carbohydrate-based hydrogel biomaterials: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35251-35291. [PMID: 38053691 PMCID: PMC10694639 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07391b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite hydrogel biomaterials represent an exciting Frontier in biomedicine, offering solutions to longstanding challenges. These hydrogels are derived from various biopolymers, including fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, carrageenan, and cellulose. While these biopolymers possess inherent biocompatibility and renewability, they often suffer from poor mechanical properties and rapid degradation. Researchers have integrated biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, and chitosan into hydrogel matrices to overcome these limitations, resulting in nanocomposite hydrogels. These innovative materials exhibit enhanced mechanical strength, improved biocompatibility, and the ability to finely tune drug release profiles. The marriage of nanotechnology and hydrogel chemistry empowers precise control over these materials' physical and chemical properties, making them ideal for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and biosensing applications. Recent advancements in the design, fabrication, and characterization of biopolymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels have showcased their potential to transform biomedicine. Researchers are employing strategic approaches for integrating biopolymer nanoparticles, exploring how nanoparticle properties impact hydrogel performance, and utilizing various characterization techniques to evaluate structure and functionality. Moreover, the diverse biomedical applications of these nanocomposite hydrogels hold promise for improving patient outcomes and addressing unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasneam K El-Damhougy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University P.O. Box: 11754, Yousef Abbas Str. Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, El-Mansoura University Egypt
| | - Mohamed Madani
- College of Science and Humanities, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Jubail Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority P.O. Box 29 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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Zhang X, Sorolla S, Casas C, Bacardit A. Development of a New Collagen Gel Product for Leather Finishing. Gels 2023; 9:883. [PMID: 37998973 PMCID: PMC10670630 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leather finishing is a critical process in the leather industry, as it significantly influences the final appearance, durability, and quality of leather products. Traditional leather finishing techniques often involve the use of synthetic chemicals, which may lead to environmental concerns and potential health hazards. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a new collagen-based product for leather finishing. Collagen, a natural protein found abundantly in animals, has shown promise as an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative for leather finishing. The new collagen gel product obtained from bovine hide waste by using an alkaline extraction method with lime was functionalized through an enzymatic treatment that allows to achieve a finishing product suitable for coating formulations, and at the same time, a biodegradable finishing. The collagen gel product was optimized by varying parameters, such as temperature, pH, and enzyme quantity. The optimized collagen gel product exhibits a wide particle size range and retains the triple-helical structure of collagen. The leather samples treated with the collagen gel product show enhanced properties compared to those with conventional finishes. The results show that the collagen gel product enhances water vapor permeability, color stability, and touch in the finishes. However, a low resistance to wet rubbing is obtained; therefore, it is necessary to study how to improve this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Bacardit
- A3 Leather Innovation Center, Escola Politècnica Superior, Departament d’Informàtica i Enginyeria Industrial, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25003 Lleida, Spain; (X.Z.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
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Shmakov SL, Babicheva TS, Kurochkina VA, Lugovitskaya TN, Shipovskaya AB. Structural and Morphological Features of Anisotropic Chitosan Hydrogels Obtained by Ion-Induced Neutralization in a Triethanolamine Medium. Gels 2023; 9:876. [PMID: 37998966 PMCID: PMC10670621 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, anisotropic hydrogel material with a highly oriented structure was obtained by the chemical reaction of polymer-analogous transformation of chitosan glycolate-chitosan base using triethanolamine (TEA) as a neutralizing reagent. Tangential bands or concentric rings, depending on the reaction conditions, represent the structural anisotropy of the hydrogel. The formation kinetics and the ratio of the positions of these periodic structures are described by the Liesegang regularities. Detailed information about the bands is given (formation time, coordinate, width, height, and formation rate). The supramolecular ordering anisotropy of the resulting material was evaluated both by the number of Liesegang bands (up to 16) and by the average values of the TEA diffusion coefficient ((15-153) × 10-10 and (4-33) × 10-10 m2/s), corresponding to the initial and final phase of the experiment, respectively. The minimum chitosan concentration required to form a spatial gel network and, accordingly, a layered anisotropic structure was estimated as 1.5 g/dL. Morphological features of the structural anisotropic ordering of chitosan Liesegang structures are visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The hemocompatibility of the material obtained was tested, and its high sorption-desorption properties were evaluated using the example of loading-release of cholecalciferol (loading degree ~35-45%, 100% desorption within 25-28 h), which was observed for a hydrophobic substance inside a chitosan-based material for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei L. Shmakov
- Chair of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia (A.B.S.)
| | - Tatiana S. Babicheva
- Chair of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia (A.B.S.)
| | - Valentina A. Kurochkina
- Chair of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia (A.B.S.)
| | - Tatiana N. Lugovitskaya
- Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Federal State University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Anna B. Shipovskaya
- Chair of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia (A.B.S.)
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Genç H, Friedrich B, Alexiou C, Pietryga K, Cicha I, Douglas TEL. Endothelialization of Whey Protein Isolate-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. Molecules 2023; 28:7052. [PMID: 37894531 PMCID: PMC10609092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whey protein isolate (WPI) is a by-product from the dairy industry, whose main component is β-lactoglobulin. Upon heating, WPI forms a hydrogel which can both support controlled drug delivery and enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone-forming cells. This study makes a novel contribution by evaluating the ability of WPI hydrogels to support the growth of endothelial cells, which are essential for vascularization, which in turn is a pre-requisite for bone regeneration. METHODS In this study, the proliferation and antioxidant levels in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with WPI supplementation were evaluated using real-time cell analysis and flow cytometry. Further, the attachment and growth of HUVECs seeded on WPI-based hydrogels with different concentrations of WPI (15%, 20%, 30%, 40%) were investigated. RESULTS Supplementation with WPI did not affect the viability or proliferation of HUVECs monitored with real-time cell analysis. At the highest used concentration of WPI (500 µg/mL), a slight induction of ROS production in HUVECs was detected as compared with control samples, but it was not accompanied by alterations in cellular thiol levels. Regarding WPI-based hydrogels, HUVEC adhered and spread on all samples, showing good metabolic activity. Notably, cell number was highest on samples containing 20% and 30% WPI. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration of the good compatibility of WPI hydrogels with endothelial cells in these experiments is an important step towards promoting the vascularization of hydrogels upon implantation in vivo, which is expected to improve implant outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Genç
- Section of Experimental Oncology und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.)
| | - Bernhard Friedrich
- Section of Experimental Oncology und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Section of Experimental Oncology und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Pietryga
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Section of Experimental Oncology und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.)
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Ji Y, Zhao H, Liu H, Zhao P, Yu DG. Electrosprayed Stearic-Acid-Coated Ethylcellulose Microparticles for an Improved Sustained Release of Anticancer Drug. Gels 2023; 9:700. [PMID: 37754381 PMCID: PMC10528259 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained release is highly desired for "efficacious, safe and convenient" drug delivery, particularly for those anticancer drug molecules with toxicity. In this study, a modified coaxial electrospraying process was developed to coat a hydrophobic lipid, i.e., stearic acid (SA), on composites composed of the anticancer drug tamoxifen citrate (TC) and insoluble polymeric matrix ethylcellulose (EC). Compared with the electrosprayed TC-EC composite microparticles M1, the electrosprayed SA-coated hybrid microparticles M2 were able to provide an improved TC sustained-release profile. The 30% and 90% loaded drug sustained-release time periods were extended to 3.21 h and 19.43 h for M2, respectively, which were significantly longer than those provided by M1 (0.88 h and 9.98 h, respectively). The morphology, inner structure, physical state, and compatibility of the components of the particles M1 and M2 were disclosed through SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Based on the analyses, the drug sustained-release mechanism of multiple factors co-acting for microparticles M2 is suggested, which include the reasonable selections and organizations of lipid and polymeric excipient, the blank SA shell drug loading, the regularly round shape, and also the high density. The reported protocols pioneered a brand-new manner for developing sustained drug delivery hybrids through a combination of insoluble cellulose gels and lipid using modified coaxial electrospraying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Ji
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.J.); (H.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhao
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, No. 18 Jiangyuan Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.J.); (H.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.J.); (H.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.J.); (H.L.); (P.Z.)
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Khatun MR, Bhattacharyya A, Gunbayar M, Jung M, Noh I. Study on Bioresponsive Gelatin-Hyaluronic Acid-Genipin Hydrogel for High Cell-Density 3D Bioprinting. Gels 2023; 9:601. [PMID: 37623056 PMCID: PMC10453927 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Development of bioresponsive extrudable hydrogels for 3D bioprinting is imperative to address the growing demand for scaffold design as well as efficient and reliable methods of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study proposed genipin (5 mg) cross-linked gelatin (1 to 1.5 g)-hyaluronic acid (0.3 g) hydrogel bioink (20 mL) tailored for 3D bioprinting. The focus is on high cell loading and a less artificial extra-cellular matrix (ECM) effect, as well as exploring their potential applications in tissue engineering. The bioresponsiveness of these hydrogel scaffolds was successfully evaluated at 37 °C and room temperature (at pH 2.5, 7.4, and 9). The rheological and mechanical properties (more than three times) increased with the increase in gelatin content in the hydrogel; however, the hydrogel with the least amount of gelatin showed the best extrusion capability. This optimized hydrogel's high extrusion ability and post-printing shape fidelity were evident from 3D and four-axis printing of complex structures such as hollow tubes, stars, pyramids, and zigzag porous tubular (four-axis) scaffolds (printed at 90 kPa pressure, 70 mm/s speed, 22G needle, fourth axis rotation of 4 rpm). 3 million/mL MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast cells were used in preparing 3D bioprinted samples. The in vitro cell culture studies have been carried out in a CO2 incubator (at 37 °C, 5% CO2). In the cytocompatibility study, almost three times more cell viability was observed in 3 days compared to day 1 control, proving the non-toxicity and cell-supportiveness of these hydrogels. High cell viability and cell-to-cell interactions observed at the end of day 3 using this moderately stable hydrogel in 3D bioprinting exhibit high potential for precise cell delivery modes in tissue engineering as well as regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Rita Khatun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (M.J.)
- Functional, Innovative and Smart Textiles, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004, India
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Maral Gunbayar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Minsik Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Insup Noh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (M.J.)
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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