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De la Cruz-Color L, Dominguez-Rosales JA, Maldonado-González M, Ruíz-Madrigal B, Sánchez Muñoz MP, Zaragoza-Guerra VA, Espinoza-Padilla VH, Ruelas-Cinco EDC, Ramírez-Meza SM, Torres Baranda JR, González-Gutiérrez MDR, Hernandez Nazara ZH. Evidence That Peripheral Leptin Resistance in Omental Adipose Tissue and Liver Correlates with MASLD in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6420. [PMID: 38928125 PMCID: PMC11203746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin regulates lipid metabolism, maximizing insulin sensitivity; however, peripheral leptin resistance is not fully understood, and its contribution to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of the leptin axis to MASLD in humans. Forty-three participants, mostly female (86.04%), who underwent cholecystectomy were biopsied. Of the participants, 24 were healthy controls, 8 had MASLD, and 11 had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Clinical and biochemical data and the gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), were determined from liver and adipose tissue. Higher serum leptin and LEPR levels in the omental adipose tissue (OAT) and liver with MASH were found. In the liver, LEPR was positively correlated with leptin expression in adipose tissue, and SOCS3 was correlated with SREBF1-SCD1. In OAT, SOCS3 was correlated with insulin resistance and transaminase enzymes (p < 0.05 for all. In conclusion, we evidenced the correlation between the peripheral leptin resistance axis in OAT-liver crosstalk and the complications of MASLD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47820, C.P., Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Martha P. Sánchez Muñoz
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico;
| | - Vianney Alejandrina Zaragoza-Guerra
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Victor H. Espinoza-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | | | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Meza
- Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Nutrición, División de Estudios de la Salud Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, C.P., Mexico;
| | - José R. Torres Baranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - María del R. González-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Zamira Helena Hernandez Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
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Tuero C, Becerril S, Ezquerro S, Neira G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective role of ghrelin against NAFLD progression. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:833-849. [PMID: 36417140 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complex and multifactorial. Within the last years, experimental and clinical evidences support the role of ghrelin in the development of NAFLD. Ghrelin is a gut hormone that plays a major role in the short-term regulation of appetite and long-term regulation of adiposity. The liver constitutes a target for ghrelin, where this gut-derived peptide triggers intracellular pathways regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Interestingly, circulating ghrelin levels are altered in patients with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which, in turn, are well-known risk factors for the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective action of ghrelin, including the reduction of hepatocyte lipotoxicity via autophagy and fatty acid β-oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and programmed cell death, the reversibility of the proinflammatory phenotype in Kupffer cells, and the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells. Together, the metabolic and inflammatory pathways regulated by ghrelin in the liver support its potential as a therapeutic target to prevent NAFLD in patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Tuero
- Department of General Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ezquerro
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
| | - Gabriela Neira
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Liu S, Chen P, Mohammed SAD, Li Z, Jiang X, Wu J, Liu S. Exploration of the potential mechanism of Baicalin for hepatic fibrosis based on network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and experimental validation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1051100. [PMID: 36687648 PMCID: PMC9846333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is among the most effective and abundant flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that may be utilized to treat diseases associated with hepatic fibrosis (HF). Through network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and experimental validation, this research intends to elucidate the multi-target mechanism of BA on HF. BA targets were screened using databases and literature. As a result, In the anti-HF mechanism, the BA and 191 HF-associated targets interact, with 9 specific targets indicating that the BA's anti-HF mechanism is closely linked to gut microbiota. Consequently, rat intestinal content samples were obtained and examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. In the BA-treated group, the gut microbiota was positively regulated at the phylum,and genus levels, with Lactobacillus performing significantly. The study concluded that BA has a multi-targeted anti-HF effect and has changed the gut microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Liu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shadi A. D. Mohammed
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Zihui Li
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Shumin Liu,
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Antiliver Fibrosis Formula of Fuzheng Huayu Alleviates Inflammatory Response. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5752803. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5752803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fuzheng Huayu’s (FZHY) formula ameliorated liver fibrosis in clinical and experimental practice. Based on the close link between fibrosis and inflammation, its anti-inflammatory effect and related mechanisms were explored in this present study. With the aid of the inflammatory macrophage model, FZHY significantly blocked nitrite accumulation without observable cytotoxicity due to its suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expressions in a concentration-depended manner. Proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, CD86, and CD40 were also restrained by FZHY. Interestingly, FZHY induced anti-inflammatory mediators heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) expressions simultaneously. Downregulation of iNOS and miR-155 and upregulation of PPAR-γ were also observed in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice upon FZHY administration. Mechanically, FZHY strikingly eliminated the phosphorylation of STAT1 and MAPK. Taken together, FZYH regulated the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators partially via modulating STAT1/MAPK pathways and the miR-155/PPAR-γ axis.
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Wang D, Wu M, Zhang X, Li L, Lin M, Shi X, Zhao Y, Huang C, Li X. Hepatokine Fetuin B expression is regulated by leptin-STAT3 signalling and associated with leptin in obesity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12869. [PMID: 35896788 PMCID: PMC9329397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17000-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an expanding global public health problem and a leading cause of metabolic disorders. The hepatokine Fetuin B participates in regulating insulin resistance, glucose metabolism and liver steatosis. However, the mechanism underlying Fetuin B activation remains unclear. Our previous population-based study demonstrated a significant association between serum Fetuin B and body fat mass in an obese population, which indicates its potential in mediating obesity-related metabolic disorders. In the present study, we further revealed a significant correlation between Fetuin B and leptin, the classic adipokine released by expanding adipose tissue, in this obese population. Consistently, elevated Fetuin B and leptin levels were confirmed in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, an in vitro study demonstrated that the leptin signalling pathway directly activated the transcription and expression of Fetuin B in primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells in a STAT3-dependent manner. STAT3 binds to the response elements on FetuB promoter to directly activate FetuB transcription. Finally, the mediating effect of Fetuin B in insulin resistance induced by leptin was confirmed according to mediation analysis in this obese population. Therefore, our study identifies leptin-STAT3 as an upstream signalling pathway that activates Fetuin B and provides new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mingzhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Petrescu AD, Grant S, Williams E, An SY, Seth N, Shell M, Amundsen T, Tan C, Nadeem Y, Tjahja M, Weld L, Chu CS, Venter J, Frampton G, McMillin M, DeMorrow S. Leptin Enhances Hepatic Fibrosis and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Cholestasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:484-502. [PMID: 34896073 PMCID: PMC8895426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine with roles in food intake and energy metabolism through its actions on neurons in the hypothalamus. The role of leptin in obesity and cardiovascular disorders is well documented. However, its influence on liver conditions such as cholestasis is poorly understood. The effects of exogenous leptin and leptin-neutralizing antibody on biliary hyperplasia, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation in the multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2KO) mouse model of cholestasis were assessed by quantifying markers specific for cholangiocytes, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and cytokines. Serum and hepatic leptin were increased in Mdr2KO mice compared with FVB/NJ (FVBN) controls, and exogenous leptin enhanced biliary hyperplasia and liver fibrosis in Mdr2KO and FVBN mice. Leptin administration increased hepatic expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and IL-6 in Mdr2KO mice. In contrast, leptin-neutralizing antibody reduced intrahepatic bile duct mass and decreased HSC activation in Mdr2KO mice compared with FVBN controls. Sex-related differences were noted, with female Mdr2KO mice having more leptin than males. In cholangiocytes and LX2 cells in vitro, leptin increased phosphorylated Akt and stimulated cell proliferation. Leptin receptor siRNA and inhibitors of Akt phosphorylation impaired leptin-induced cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines. The current data suggest that leptin is abnormally increased in cholestatic mice, and excess leptin increases ductular reaction, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation via leptin receptor-mediated phosphorylation of Akt in cholangiocytes and HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Petrescu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Elaina Williams
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Su Yeon An
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Nikhil Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Mark Shell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Tyson Amundsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Christopher Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Yusra Nadeem
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Matthew Tjahja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Lancaster Weld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Christopher S Chu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Julie Venter
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Matthew McMillin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas.
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7
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Liu Y, Li Y, Liang J, Sun Z, Wu Q, Liu Y, Sun C. Leptin: an entry point for the treatment of peripheral tissue fibrosis and related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108608. [PMID: 35180626 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a small peptide mainly secreted by adipocyte, which acts on the central nervous system of the hypothalamus to regulate the body's energy balance by inhibiting food intake, it also can directly act on specific cells through leptin receptors (for example, ObRa, which exists in the blood-brain barrier or kidneys), thereby affect cell metabolism. Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) causes damage to normal tissues or destruction of organ structure, which will eventually lead to tissue or organ fibrosis. The sustainable development of fibrosis can lead to structural damage and functional decline of organs, and even exhaustion, which seriously threatens human health and life. In recent years, studies have found that leptin directly alleviates the fibrosis process of various tissues and organs in mammals. Therefore, we speculate that leptin may become a significant treatment for fibrosis of various tissues and organs in the future. So, the main purpose of this review is to explore the specific mechanism of leptin in the process of fibrosis in multiple tissues and organs, and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of various tissues and organs fibrosis and related diseases caused by it, which is of great significance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yizhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Juntong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhuwen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
| | - Yongnian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Shen X, Liang X, Ji X, You J, Zhuang X, Song Y, Yin H, Zhao M, Zhao L. CD36 and DGAT2 facilitate the lipid-lowering effect of chitooligosaccharides via fatty acid intake and triglyceride synthesis signaling. Food Funct 2021; 12:8681-8693. [PMID: 34351342 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01472b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of chitobiose (GlcN)2 and chitotriose (GlcN)3 on lipid accumulation modification and their inhibitory functionalities. (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3 significantly inhibited the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in the liver of the ob/ob-/- mice fed a non-high-fat diet. This phenomenon was associated with a reduction in the mRNA and protein expression of TG synthesis and fatty acid uptake-related signaling, significantly affecting the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2). Furthermore, the CD36 and DGAT2 genes were overexpressed by constructing a plasmid and transfecting it into HepG2 cells, after which the phenotypic traits of lipid accumulation were assessed in vitro. Consequently, it was evident that (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3 reduced the overexpression of these proteins and relieved cellular lipid accumulation. In conclusion, these results indicated that (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3 acted positively against NAFLD while regulating steatosis in the non-high-fat diet NAFLD model. The potential NAFLD treatment strategies, such as targeting CD36 and DGAT2 signaling, could provide scientific insight into further applying food-derived ingredients to reduce the risk of high-fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xinyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiangshan You
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xinye Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yudong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
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9
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Thylur RP, Roy SK, Shrivastava A, LaVeist TA, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Assessment of risk factors, and racial and ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma. JGH OPEN 2020; 4:351-359. [PMID: 32514436 PMCID: PMC7273694 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved screening and surveillance guidelines, significant race/ethnicity‐specific disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continue to exist and disproportionately affect minority and disadvantaged populations. This trend indicates that social determinants, genetic, and environmental factors are driving the epidemic at the population level. Race and geography had independent associations with risk of mortality among patients with HCC. The present review discusses the risk factors and issues related to disparities in HCC. The underlying etiologies for these disparities are complex and multifactorial. Some of the risk factors for developing HCC include hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, smoking and alcohol consumption. In addition, population genetics; socioeconomic and health care access; treatment and prevention differences; and genetic, behavioral, and biological influences can contribute to HCC. Acculturation of ethnic minorities, insurance status, and access to health care may further contribute to the observed disparities in HCC. By increasing awareness, better modalities for screening and surveillance, improving access to health care, and adapting targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions, disparities in HCC outcomes can be reduced or eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P Thylur
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center Louisiana State University Health-New Orleans School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Sanjit K Roy
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center Louisiana State University Health-New Orleans School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | | | - Thomas A LaVeist
- Department of Health Policy and Management Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center Louisiana State University Health-New Orleans School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA.,Department of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center Louisiana State University Health-New Orleans School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA.,Department of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans New Orleans Louisiana USA
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10
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Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Unamuno X, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Becerril S. Impact of adipokines and myokines on fat browning. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:227-240. [PMID: 32236810 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, the adipose tissue (AT) is not just considered a passive fat storage organ but also an extremely active secretory and endocrine organ that secretes a large variety of hormones, called adipokines, involved in energy metabolism. Adipokines may not only contribute to AT dysfunction and obesity, but also in fat browning, a process that induces a phenotypic switch from energy-storing white adipocytes to thermogenic brown fat-like cells. The fat browning process and, consequently, thermogenesis can also be stimulated by physical exercise. Contracting skeletal muscle is a metabolically active tissue that participates in several endocrine functions through the production of bioactive factors, collectively termed myokines, proposed as the mediators of physical activity-induced health benefits. Myokines affect muscle mass, have profound effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, and promote browning and thermogenesis of white AT in an endocrine and/or paracrine manner. The present review focuses on the role of different myokines and adipokines in the regulation of fat browning, as well as in the potential cross-talk between AT and skeletal muscle, in order to control body weight, energy expenditure and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - B Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - X Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari Medical School, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - J Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain. .,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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11
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Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Unamuno X, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Functional Relationship between Leptin and Nitric Oxide in Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092129. [PMID: 31500090 PMCID: PMC6769456 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, the product of the ob gene, was originally described as a satiety factor, playing a crucial role in the control of body weight. Nevertheless, the wide distribution of leptin receptors in peripheral tissues supports that leptin exerts pleiotropic biological effects, consisting of the modulation of numerous processes including thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, neuroendocrine, and immune functions as well as arterial pressure control. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by the action of the NO synthase (NOS) enzyme. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: the neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) constitutive isoforms, and the inducible NOS (iNOS). NO mediates multiple biological effects in a variety of physiological systems such as energy balance, blood pressure, reproduction, immune response, or reproduction. Leptin and NO on their own participate in multiple common physiological processes, with a functional relationship between both factors having been identified. The present review describes the functional relationship between leptin and NO in different physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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