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Luo L, Molthoff J, Li Q, Liu Y, Luo S, Li N, Xuan S, Wang Y, Shen S, Bovy AG, Zhao J, Chen X. Identification of candidate genes associated with less-photosensitive anthocyanin phenotype using an EMS mutant ( pind) in eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282661. [PMID: 38169942 PMCID: PMC10758619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a highly nutritious and economically important vegetable crop. However, the fruit peel of eggplant often shows poor coloration owing to low-light intensity during cultivation, especially in the winter. The less-photosensitive varieties produce anthocyanin in low light or even dark conditions, making them valuable breeding materials. Nevertheless, genes responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in less-photosensitive eggplant varieties are not characterized. In this study, an EMS mutant, named purple in the dark (pind), was used to identify the key genes responsible for less-photosensitive coloration. Under natural conditions, the peel color and anthocyanin content in pind fruits were similar to that of wildtype '14-345'. The bagged pind fruits were light purple, whereas those of '14-345' were white; and the anthocyanin content in the pind fruit peel was significantly higher than that in '14-345'. Genetic analysis revealed that the less-photosensitive trait was controlled by a single dominant gene. The candidate gene was mapped on chromosome 10 in the region 7.72 Mb to 11.71 Mb. Thirty-five differentially expressed genes, including 12 structural genes, such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, and UFGT, and three transcription factors MYB113, GL3, and TTG2, were identified in pind using RNA-seq. Four candidate genes EGP21875 (myb domain protein 113), EGP21950 (unknown protein), EGP21953 (CAAX amino-terminal protease family protein), and EGP21961 (CAAX amino-terminal protease family protein) were identified as putative genes associated with less-photosensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis in pind. These findings may clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying less-photosensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jos Molthoff
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Shuangxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Arnaud G. Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Xu W, Liang Y, Zhu Y, Sun T, Yuan Z, Han X. Proteomic study of aqueous humour in diabetic patients with cataracts by TMT combined with HPLC-MS/MS. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37884923 PMCID: PMC10604804 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to identify the proteomic differences between the aqueous humour of diabetes patients with cataracts and that of non-diabetic sufferers of cataracts in a clinical setting. METHODS Patients were divided into the diabetic experimental group and the non-diabetic control group. Aqueous humour specimens were obtained via cataract surgery. Sample proteins were treated with a TMT reagent, separated using a cation chromatography column, and analysed using a C18 desalting column. Proteins were identified using HPLC-MS/MS. The differential proteins were identified using both a p value of < 0.05 and a fold change of > 1.2. GO classification enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, protein interaction network analysis, and ingenuity pathway analysis were all carried out. The expression level of four differential proteins were verified by Western blot, and GC and TTR expressions were further examined using an expanded sample pool. RESULTS The postprandial glucose levels between the experimental group (9.40 ± 1.35 mmol/L) and the control group (6.56 ± 0.81 mmol/L) were significantly different, with a p value of 1.16E-06. It is important to note, however, that the baseline levels of the parameters showed no statistical differences. In total, 397 aqueous humour proteins were identified; of these, 137 showed significant differences, with 63 upregulated ones and 74 down-regulated ones. The differential proteins play important roles in numerous biological processes and pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades (p = 1.71E-09). Some of these differential proteins are associated with diabetic retinal degeneration and other diabetic complications. Differential proteins, such as HP, GC, and TTR, have high node degree in the protein interaction network. Western blot results further confirmed that GC were down-regulated while TTR was up-regulated in aqueous humour under diabetic condition. CONCLUSION A list of differential proteins in the human aqueous humour of diabetic patients was established. Proteins with high interaction scores as per protein interaction analysis, such as GC and TTR, were further verified and could potentially be used as early diagnostic markers for diabetic eye complications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binhai county people's hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhilan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Bai Y, Jiang L, Li Z, Liu S, Hu X, Gao F. Flavonoid Metabolism in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Based on Metabolome Analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010083. [PMID: 36615276 PMCID: PMC9821845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, known as a "plant antibiotic", possesses several attractive properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects, with its efficacy being attributed to flavonoids. However, the flavonoid biosynthesis of T. hemsleyanum has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the flavonoid metabolism of T. hemsleyanum through metabolome analysis and transcriptome sequencing. The metabolomic results showed differences in the flavonoids of the leaves and root tubers of T. hemsleyanum. A total of 22 flavonoids was detected, and the concentrations of most flavonoids in the leaves were higher than those in the root tubers. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves and root tubers were enriched in photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the expression levels of chalcone isomerase (CHI) and UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UFGT) were highly correlated with the concentrations of most flavonoids. Further, this study found that the photosynthesis-antenna proteins essentially contributed to the difference in the flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum. The gene expressions and concentrations of the total flavonoids of leaves and root tubers in Hangzhou, Jinhua, Lishui, and Taizhou in Zhejiang Province, China, showed that CHI (CL6715.Contig1_All, Unigene19431_All, CL921.Contig4_All) and UFGT (CL11556.Contig3_All, CL11775.Contig1_All) were the potential key genes of accumulation of most flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Lingtai Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shouzan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Botanical Garden, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (F.G.)
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Specialized Metabolites and Valuable Molecules in Crop and Medicinal Plants: The Evolution of Their Use and Strategies for Their Production. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060936. [PMID: 34207427 PMCID: PMC8235196 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants naturally produce a terrific diversity of molecules, which we exploit for promoting our overall well-being. Plants are also green factories. Indeed, they may be exploited to biosynthesize bioactive molecules, proteins, carbohydrates and biopolymers for sustainable and large-scale production. These molecules are easily converted into commodities such as pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, food, feed and biofuels for multiple industrial processes. Novel plant biotechnological, genetics and metabolic insights ensure and increase the applicability of plant-derived compounds in several industrial sectors. In particular, synergy between disciplines, including apparently distant ones such as plant physiology, pharmacology, ‘omics sciences, bioinformatics and nanotechnology paves the path to novel applications of the so-called molecular farming. We present an overview of the novel studies recently published regarding these issues in the hope to have brought out all the interesting aspects of these published studies.
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Ma Z, Chen S, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang B. Proteome analysis of bermudagrass stolons and rhizomes provides new insights into the adaptation of plant stems to aboveground and underground growth. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104245. [PMID: 33901681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As an important perennial warm-season turfgrass species, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) forms underground-growing rhizomes and aboveground-growing stolons simultaneously, making it a fast propagating clonal plant with strong regeneration ability. In the current study, we compared the internode proteomes of rhizomes and stolons at the same developmental stage in the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang using iTRAQ. The results indicated that 228 protein species were differentially accumulated in the two specialized stems. In agreement with the different contents of starch, chlorophyll, anthocyanin and H2O2 in the two types of stems, photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis were enriched with differentially accumulated protein species (DAPs) in stolons, whereas starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, and H2O2 metabolism were enriched with DAPs in rhizomes. Burying stolons in the soil resulted in the gradual degradation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, accumulation of starch, and increment of H2O2, which is similar to the physiological characteristics of rhizomes. These results collectively revealed that stolons and rhizomes of bermudagrass have significant differences at the proteome level and light might play important regulatory roles in the discrepancy of the proteome profiles and specialization of the two stems, providing new insights into the adaptation of plant stems to aboveground and underground growth. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: As two types of specialized stems that grow underground and aboveground respectively, rhizomes and stolons play important roles in overwintering and ecological invasion of many perennial and clonal plants. However, because rhizomes and stolons rarely coexist in single plant species, the differences between the two stems remain unclear at the molecular level. In this study, through an iTRAQ comparative proteomic analysis, we reported the identification of 228 differentially accumulated protein species (DAPs) in rhizomes and stolons of bermudagrass for the first time. We found that the 228 DAPs were interconnected to form protein networks in regulating diverse cellular activities and biochemical reactions. We also observed that stolons growing underground showed similar physiological activities and DAP expression as those of underground-growing rhizomes, suggesting that light might play important regulatory roles in the specialization of stolons and rhizomes. These results expanded our understanding of the mysterious adaption of plant stems to different growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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