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Xie Z, Yang D, Zhou Z, Li K, Yi P, Liu A, Zhou Z, Tu X. A genome-wide analysis of the GRAS gene family in upland cotton and a functional study of the role of the GhGRAS55 gene in regulating early maturity in cotton. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300201. [PMID: 37575005 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The members of the GRAS gene family play important roles in regulating plant growth and development, but their functions in regulating early plant maturity traits are still unknown. In this study, we used a series of bioinformatics tools to identify GRAS gene family members and investigate the function of the gene family (GhGRAS55) using a genome-wide database of upland cotton samples. A total of 58 members of the GRAS gene family were identified and screened, which were distributed on 21 chromosomes within the whole cotton genome. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the genes of upland cotton, island cotton, African cotton, Raymond cotton, and Arabidopsis were distributed in subfamilies I-VIII, although subfamily II did not contain any upland cotton or Arabidopsis GRAS family members. The structures and other characteristics of the genes in this family were clarified using bioinformatics technology. The transcriptomic sequencing results for early and late maturing cotton species showed that the expression of most GRAS family genes, such as GhGRAS10, GhGRAS5511, and GhGRAS55, was lower in early maturing species than late maturing species. We also found that cotton plants with GhGRAS55 genes that were silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology showed early bud emergence phenotypes, so it could be speculated that the GhGRAS55 gene has the function of regulating early maturity in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Jingzhou County, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Kan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Penghui Yi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoju Tu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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2
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Pelayo MA, Morishita F, Sawada H, Matsushita K, Iimura H, He Z, Looi LS, Katagiri N, Nagamori A, Suzuki T, Širl M, Soukup A, Satake A, Ito T, Yamaguchi N. AGAMOUS regulates various target genes via cell cycle-coupled H3K27me3 dilution in floral meristems and stamens. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2821-2847. [PMID: 37144857 PMCID: PMC10396370 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The MADS domain transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) regulates floral meristem termination by preventing maintenance of the histone modification lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) along the KNUCKLES (KNU) coding sequence. At 2 d after AG binding, cell division has diluted the repressive mark H3K27me3, allowing activation of KNU transcription prior to floral meristem termination. However, how many other downstream genes are temporally regulated by this intrinsic epigenetic timer and what their functions are remain unknown. Here, we identify direct AG targets regulated through cell cycle-coupled H3K27me3 dilution in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the targets KNU, AT HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN18 (AHL18), and PLATZ10 occurred later in plants with longer H3K27me3-marked regions. We established a mathematical model to predict timing of gene expression and manipulated temporal gene expression using the H3K27me3-marked del region from the KNU coding sequence. Increasing the number of del copies delayed and reduced KNU expression in a polycomb repressive complex 2- and cell cycle-dependent manner. Furthermore, AHL18 was specifically expressed in stamens and caused developmental defects when misexpressed. Finally, AHL18 bound to genes important for stamen growth. Our results suggest that AG controls the timing of expression of various target genes via cell cycle-coupled dilution of H3K27me3 for proper floral meristem termination and stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Anne Pelayo
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fumi Morishita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawada
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kasumi Matsushita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Zemiao He
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Liang Sheng Looi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Naoya Katagiri
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Asumi Nagamori
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Marek Širl
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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3
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Yang Y, Agassin RH, Ji K. Transcriptome-Wide Identification of the GRAS Transcription Factor Family in Pinus massoniana and Its Role in Regulating Development and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10690. [PMID: 37445868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana is a species used in afforestation and has high economic, ecological, and therapeutic significance. P. massoniana experiences a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, and thus presents a suitable model for studying how woody plants respond to such stress. Numerous families of transcription factors are involved in the research of stress resistance, with the GRAS family playing a significant role in plant development and stress response. Though GRASs have been well explored in various plant species, much research remains to be undertaken on the GRAS family in P. massoniana. In this study, 21 PmGRASs were identified in the P. massoniana transcriptome. P. massoniana and Arabidopsis thaliana phylogenetic analyses revealed that the PmGRAS family can be separated into nine subfamilies. The results of qRT-PCR and transcriptome analyses under various stress and hormone treatments reveal that PmGRASs, particularly PmGRAS9, PmGRAS10 and PmGRAS17, may be crucial for stress resistance. The majority of PmGRASs were significantly expressed in needles and may function at multiple locales and developmental stages, according to tissue-specific expression analyses. Furthermore, the DELLA subfamily members PmGRAS9 and PmGRAS17 were nuclear localization proteins, while PmGRAS9 demonstrated transcriptional activation activity in yeast. The results of this study will help explore the relevant factors regulating the development of P. massoniana, improve stress resistance and lay the foundation for further identification of the biological functions of PmGRASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Romaric Hippolyte Agassin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kongshu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Khan SI, Yamada R, Shiroma R, Abe T, Kozaki A. Properties of INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Proteins from Physcomitrium patens: DNA-Binding, Interaction with GRAS Proteins, and Transcriptional Activity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1249. [PMID: 37372429 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that interact with GRAS proteins, such as DELLA and SHORT ROOT (SHR), to regulate target genes. The combination of IDD and DELLA proteins regulates genes involved in gibberellic acid (GA) synthesis and GA signaling, whereas the combination of IDD with the complex of SHR and SCARECROW, another GRAS protein, regulates genes involved in root tissue formation. Previous bioinformatic research identified seven IDDs, two DELLA, and two SHR genes in Physcomitrium patens, a model organism for non-vascular plants (bryophytes), which lack a GA signaling pathway and roots. In this study, DNA-binding properties and protein-protein interaction of IDDs from P. patens (PpIDD) were analyzed. Our results showed that the DNA-binding properties of PpIDDs were largely conserved between moss and seed plants. Four PpIDDs showed interaction with Arabidopsis DELLA (AtDELLA) proteins but not with PpDELLAs, and one PpIDD showed interaction with PpSHR but not with AtSHR. Moreover, AtIDD10 (JACKDAW) interacted with PpSHR but not with PpDELLAs. Our results indicate that DELLA proteins have modified their structure to interact with IDD proteins during evolution from moss lineage to seed plants, whereas the interaction of IDD and SHR was already present in moss lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam Khan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Ren Yamada
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroma
- Course of Bioscience, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Abe
- Course of Bioscience, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Akiko Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
- Course of Bioscience, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
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SCR Suppressor Mutants: Role in Hypocotyl Gravitropism and Root Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The SCARECROW (SCR) transcription factor plays a key role in plant growth and development. However, we know very little about the role of SCR regulated pathways in plant development. Here, we used the homozygous scr1 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana (Wassilewskija ecotype), which had a T-DNA insertion in the SCR coding region and lacks a detectable SCR transcript. This scr1 mutant has a determinate mode of root growth, shoot agravitropism and abnormal internal architecture in all organs examined. To screen for mutants that suppress the scr1 abnormal phenotypes, we exposed homozygous scr1 seeds to ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) mutagen. Upon growth out of these mutagenized seeds, thirteen suppressor mutant-harboring strains were identified. All thirteen suppressor-harboring strains were homozygous for scr1 and lacked the SCR transcript. Ten scr hypocotyl gravitropic suppressor lines showed improved hypocotyl gravitropic response. These ten suppressors fall into six complementation groups suggesting six different gene loci. Similarly, three independent scr root length suppressor lines rescued only the root growth phenotype and fell into three complementation groups, suggesting the involvement of three different gene loci. These suppressors might identify novel functions of the SCR gene in plant development.
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Liu J, Shu D, Tan Z, Ma M, Guo N, Gao S, Duan G, Kuai B, Hu Y, Li S, Cui D. The Arabidopsis IDD14 transcription factor interacts with bZIP-type ABFs/AREBs and cooperatively regulates ABA-mediated drought tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:929-942. [PMID: 35842794 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factors mediate various aspects of plant growth and development. We previously reported that an Arabidopsis IDD subfamily regulates spatial auxin accumulation, and thus organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. However, its functions in stress responses are not well defined. Here, we use a combination of physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches to provide evidence that the IDD14 cooperates with basic leucine zipper-type binding factors/ABA-responsive element (ABRE)-binding proteins (ABRE-binding factors (ABFs)/AREBs) in ABA-mediated drought tolerance. idd14-1D, a gain-of-function mutant of IDD14, exhibits decreased leaf water loss and improved drought tolerance, whereas inactivation of IDD14 in idd14-1 results in increased transpiration and reduced drought tolerance. Altered IDD14 expression affects ABA sensitivity and ABA-mediated stomatal closure. IDD14 can physically interact with ABF1-4 and subsequently promote their transcriptional activities. Moreover, ectopic expression and mutation of ABFs could, respectively, suppress and enhance plant sensitivity to drought stress in the idd14-1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that IDD14 forms a functional complex with ABFs and positively regulates drought-stress responses, thus revealing a previously unidentified role of IDD14 in ABA signaling and drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Defeng Shu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Zilong Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Dayong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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7
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Jaiswal V, Kakkar M, Kumari P, Zinta G, Gahlaut V, Kumar S. Multifaceted Roles of GRAS Transcription Factors in Growth and Stress Responses in Plants. iScience 2022; 25:105026. [PMID: 36117995 PMCID: PMC9474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mrinalini Kakkar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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8
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Waseem M, Nkurikiyimfura O, Niyitanga S, Jakada BH, Shaheen I, Aslam MM. GRAS transcription factors emerging regulator in plants growth, development, and multiple stresses. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9673-9685. [PMID: 35713799 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GRAS transcription factors play multifunctional roles in plant growth, development, and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The structural and functional features of GRAS TFs have been unveiled in the last two decades. A typical GRAS protein contained a C-terminal GRAS domain with a highly variable N-terminal region. Studies on these TFs increase in numbers and are reported to be involved in various important developmental processes such as flowering, root formation, and stress responses. The GRAS TFs and hormone signaling crosstalk can be implicated in plant development and to stress responses. There are relatively few reports about GRAS TFs roles in plants, and no related reviews have been published. In this review, we summarized the features of GRAS TFs, their targets, and the roles these GRAS TFs playing in plant development and multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. .,College of Life Science, Hainan University, Hainan, P.R. China.
| | - Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- Key Lab for Bio-Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sylvain Niyitanga
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Iffat Shaheen
- Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Zhang S, Deng L, Cheng R, Hu J, Wu CY. RID1 sets rice heading date by balancing its binding with SLR1 and SDG722. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:149-165. [PMID: 34845826 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major crop that feeds billions of people, and its yield is strongly influenced by flowering time (heading date). Loss of RICE INDETERMINATE1 (RID1) function causes plants not to flower; thus, RID1 is considered a master switch among flowering-related genes. However, it remains unclear whether other proteins function together with RID1 to regulate rice floral transition. Here, we revealed that the chromatin accessibility and H3K9ac, H3K4me3, and H3K36me3 levels at Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) loci were significantly reduced in rid1 mutants. Notably, RID1 interacted with SET DOMAIN GROUP PROTEIN 722 (SDG722), a methyltransferase. We determined that SDG722 affects the global level of H3K4me2/3 and H3K36me2/3, and promotes flowering primarily through the Early heading date1-Hd3a/RFT1 pathway. We further established that rice DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) interacted with RID1 to inhibit its transactivation activity, that SLR1 suppresses rice flowering, and that messenger RNA and protein levels of SLR1 gradually decrease with plant growth. Furthermore, SLR1 competed with SDG722 for interaction with RID1. Overall, our results establish that interplay between RID1, SLR1, and SDG722 feeds into rice flowering-time control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang-Yin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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10
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The Overexpression of NUC Promotes Development and Increases Resistance to Nitrogen Deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111413. [PMID: 34768843 PMCID: PMC8583770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NUTCRACKER (NUC) is a transcription factor expressed in multiple tissues, but little is known about its physiological roles. In this study, we explored the physiological function of NUC with the Arabidopsis knockout, rescue, and overexpression lines. We found that NUC overexpression promoted development at the germination, seedling, and juvenile stages. NUC overexpression increased resistance to nitrogen (N) deficiency stress by increasing the chlorophyll content, suppressing anthocyanin accumulation, and increasing the biomass under N deficiency. In contrast, the absence of NUC did not affect such characteristics. N deficiency significantly increased the expression of NUC in leaves but did not affect the expression of NUC in roots. The overexpression of NUC promoted primary root length under both normal and N deficiency conditions. Furthermore, we found that the N-responsive and lateral-root-related genes TGA1 and NRT2.4 had NUC-binding sites in their promoter regions and that their expression was upregulated by NUC under N deficiency. The overexpression of the NUC increased the number and length of the lateral roots under N deficiency through inducible promotion. Multiple lines of investigation suggest that the regulatory function of the NUC could be bypassed through its redundant MAGPIE (MGP) when the NUC is absent. Our findings provide novel insight into NUC's functions and will assist efforts to improve plants' development and resistance to nutrient stresses.
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Genome-Wide Identification of GRAS Gene Family and Their Responses to Abiotic Stress in Medicago sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147729. [PMID: 34299352 PMCID: PMC8304046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a high-quality legume forage crop worldwide, and alfalfa production is often threatened by abiotic environmental stresses. GRAS proteins are important transcription factors that play a vital role in plant development, as well as in response to environmental stress. In this study, the availability of alfalfa genome "Zhongmu No.1" allowed us to identify 51 GRAS family members, i.e., MsGRAS. MsGRAS proteins could be classified into nine subgroups with distinct conserved domains, and tandem and segmental duplications were observed as an expansion strategy of this gene family. In RNA-Seq analysis, 14 MsGRAS genes were not expressed in the leaf or root, 6 GRAS genes in 3 differentially expressed gene clusters were involved in the salinity stress response in the leaf. Moreover, qRT-PCR results confirmed that MsGRAS51 expression was induced under drought stress and hormone treatments (ABA, GA and IAA) but down-regulated in salinity stress. Collectively, our genome-wide characterization, evolutionary, and expression analysis suggested that the MsGRAS proteins might play crucial roles in response to abiotic stresses and hormonal cues in alfalfa. For the breeding of alfalfa, it provided important information on stress resistance and functional studies on MsGRAS and hormone signaling.
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Ito T, Fukazawa J. SCARECROW-LIKE3 regulates the transcription of gibberellin-related genes by acting as a transcriptional co-repressor of GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR1. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:463-482. [PMID: 33474657 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SCL3 inhibits transcriptional activity of IDD-DELLA complex by acting as a co-repressor and repression activity is enhanced in the presence of GAF1 in a TOPLESS-independent manner. GRAS [GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE (GAI), REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) and SCARECROW (SCR)] proteins are a family of plant-specific transcriptional regulators that play diverse roles in development and signaling. GRAS family DELLA proteins act as growth repressors by inhibiting gibberellin (GA) signaling in response to developmental and environmental cues. DELLAs also act as co-activators of transcription factor GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR1 (GAF1)/INDETERMINATE DOMAIN2 (IDD2), the GAF1-DELLA complex activating transcription of GAF1 target genes. GAF1 also interacts with TOPLESS (TPL), a transcriptional co-repressor, in the absence of DELLA, the GAF1-TPL complex repressing transcription of the target genes. SCARECROW-LIKE3 (SCL3), another member of the GRAS family, is thought to inhibit transcriptional activity of the IDD-DELLA complex through competitive interaction with IDD. Here, we also revealed that SCL3 inhibits transcriptional activation by the GAF1-DELLA complex via repression activity rather than via competitive inhibition of the GAF1-DELLA interaction. Moreover, the repression activity of SCL3 was enhanced by GAF1 in a TPL-independent manner. While the GRAS domain of DELLA has transcriptional activation activity, that of SCL3 has repression activity. SCL3 also inhibited transcriptional activity of GAF1-RGA fusion proteins. Results from the co-immunoprecipitation assays and the yeast three-hybrid assay suggested the possibility that SCL3 forms a ternary complex with GAF1 and DELLA. These findings provide important information on DELLA-regulated GA signaling and new insight into the transcriptional repression mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Jutarou Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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