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Corredor B, Solís I, Zubicaray J, Sevilla J, Argente J. Small pituitary volume and central nervous system anomalies in Fanconi Anemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385650. [PMID: 39224124 PMCID: PMC11366589 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genomic instability disorder associated with congenital abnormalities, including short stature and the presence of central nervous system anomalies, especially in the hypothalamic-pituitary area. Thus, differences in pituitary size could associate with the short stature observed in these patients. Our aim was to evaluate whether central nervous system abnormalities and pituitary gland volume correlate with height and hormone deficiencies in these patients. Methods In this cross-sectional exploratory study 21 patients diagnosed with FA between 2017 and 2022 in a Spanish Reference Center were investigated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and pituitary volume calculated and corelated with height and other endocrine parameters. Results The percentage of abnormalities in our series was 81%, with a small pituitary (pituitary volume less than 1 SD) being the most frequent, followed by Chiari malformation type 1. The median value of pituitary volume was -1.03 SD (IQR: -1.56, -0.36). Short stature was found in 66.7% [CI95% 43-85.4]. Total volume (mm3) increases significantly with age and in pubertal stages. There were no differences between volume SD and pubertal stage, or the presence of endocrine deficiencies. No correlations were found between pituitary volume and the presence of short stature. The intraclass correlation index (ICC) average for volume was 0.85 [CI95% 0.61-0.94] indicating a good-to-excellent correlation of measurements. Discussion Central nervous system anomalies are part of the FA phenotype, the most frequent after pituitary hypoplasia being posterior fossa abnormalities, which may have clinical repercussions in the patient. It is therefore necessary to identify those who could be candidates for neurosurgical intervention. The size of the pituitary gland is smaller in these patients, but this does not seem to be related to hormone deficiency and short stature or exposure to a low dose of total body irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Corredor
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Inés Solís
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josune Zubicaray
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Sevilla
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, La Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Kligfeld H, Han I, Abraham A, Shukla V. Alternative DNA structures in hematopoiesis and adaptive immunity. Adv Immunol 2024; 161:109-126. [PMID: 38763699 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Besides the canonical B-form, DNA also adopts alternative non-B form conformations which are highly conserved in all domains of life. While extensive research over decades has centered on the genomic functions of B-form DNA, understanding how non-B-form conformations influence functional genomic states remains a fundamental and open question. Recent studies have ascribed alternative DNA conformations such as G-quadruplexes and R-loops as important functional features in eukaryotic genomes. This review delves into the biological importance of alternative DNA structures, with a specific focus on hematopoiesis and adaptive immunity. We discuss the emerging roles of G-quadruplex and R-loop structures, the two most well-studied alternative DNA conformations, in the hematopoietic compartment and present evidence for their functional roles in normal cellular physiology and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Kligfeld
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Isabella Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajay Abraham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vipul Shukla
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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3
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van de Kooij B, Schreuder A, Pavani R, Garzero V, Uruci S, Wendel TJ, van Hoeck A, San Martin Alonso M, Everts M, Koerse D, Callen E, Boom J, Mei H, Cuppen E, Luijsterburg MS, van Vugt MATM, Nussenzweig A, van Attikum H, Noordermeer SM. EXO1 protects BRCA1-deficient cells against toxic DNA lesions. Mol Cell 2024; 84:659-674.e7. [PMID: 38266640 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes impair DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR), leading to chromosomal instability and cancer. Importantly, BRCA1/2 deficiency also causes therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities. Here, we identify the dependency on the end resection factor EXO1 as a key vulnerability of BRCA1-deficient cells. EXO1 deficiency generates poly(ADP-ribose)-decorated DNA lesions during S phase that associate with unresolved DSBs and genomic instability in BRCA1-deficient but not in wild-type or BRCA2-deficient cells. Our data indicate that BRCA1/EXO1 double-deficient cells accumulate DSBs due to impaired repair by single-strand annealing (SSA) on top of their HR defect. In contrast, BRCA2-deficient cells retain SSA activity in the absence of EXO1 and hence tolerate EXO1 loss. Consistent with a dependency on EXO1-mediated SSA, we find that BRCA1-mutated tumors show elevated EXO1 expression and increased SSA-associated genomic scars compared with BRCA1-proficient tumors. Overall, our findings uncover EXO1 as a promising therapeutic target for BRCA1-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van de Kooij
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Schreuder
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Raphael Pavani
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Garzero
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Sidrit Uruci
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Tiemen J Wendel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Arne van Hoeck
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Marta San Martin Alonso
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Everts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Dana Koerse
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jasper Boom
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands.
| | - Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands.
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Kocagil S, Şafak İN, Saraç E, Aydın C, Artan S, Kırel B. Further Evidence for RFWD3 Gene Causing Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group W: Detailed Clinical Report of the Second Case in the Literature. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:509-515. [PMID: 38058754 PMCID: PMC10697762 DOI: 10.1159/000531429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder that is characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, congenital malformations, predisposition to malignancy, and short stature. The RFWD3 gene was recently associated with FA complementation group W, and only 1 patient is reported in the literature so far. Case Presentation Here, we report the second patient, a 10-year-old male, who has failure to thrive, central nervous system abnormalities, bilateral radial ray defects, urogenital anomalies, facial dysmorphism, and thrombocytopenia. The patient was suspected to have FA according to the aforementioned findings, and the homozygous c.1501C>T variant in the RFWD3 gene was detected by whole-exome sequencing. The diepoxybutane test and mitomycin C-induced peripheral blood cultures revealed 0.46 and 0.90 chromosomal breaks, respectively. Conclusion In this article, clinical findings of the second patient with FA complementation group W are discussed in detail, aiming to expand the clinical and molecular spectrums of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Kocagil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - İkbal Nur Şafak
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Elif Saraç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Can Aydın
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sevilhan Artan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Birgül Kırel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li W, Yao M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang X, Meng K. Research progress of the Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:570-585. [PMID: 37669135 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway is a key pathway involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acidinterstrand crosslinking damage, which chiefly includes the following four modules: lesion recognition, Fanconi anemia core complex recruitment, FANCD2-FANCI complex monoubiquitination, and downstream events (nucleolytic incision, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination). Mutations or deletions of multiple Fanconi anemia genes in this pathway can damage the interstrand crosslinking repair pathway and disrupt primordial germ cell development and oocyte meiosis, thereby leading to abnormal follicular development. Premature ovarian insufficiency is a gynecological clinical syndrome characterized by amenorrhea and decreased fertility due to decreased oocyte pool, accelerated follicle atresia, and loss of ovarian function in women <40 years old. Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have detected mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. In addition, some patients with Fanconi anemia exhibit symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency are closely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuqi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Traband EL, Hammerlund SR, Shameem M, Narayan A, Ramana S, Tella A, Sobeck A, Shima N. Mitotic DNA Synthesis in Untransformed Human Cells Preserves Common Fragile Site Stability via a FANCD2-Driven Mechanism That Requires HELQ. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168294. [PMID: 37777152 PMCID: PMC10839910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Faithful genome duplication is a challenging task for dividing mammalian cells, particularly under replication stress where timely resolution of late replication intermediates (LRIs) becomes crucial prior to cell division. In human cancer cells, mitotic DNA repair synthesis (MiDAS) is described as a final mechanism for the resolution of LRIs to avoid lethal chromosome mis-segregation. RAD52-driven MiDAS achieves this mission in part by generating gaps/breaks on metaphase chromosomes, which preferentially occur at common fragile sites (CFS). We previously demonstrated that a MiDAS mechanism also exists in untransformed and primary human cells, which is RAD52 independent but requires FANCD2. However, the properties of this form of MiDAS are not well understood. Here, we report that FANCD2-driven MiDAS in untransformed human cells: 1) requires a prerequisite step of FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination by a subset of Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, 2) primarily acts to preserve CFS stability but not to prevent chromosome mis-segregation, and 3) depends on HELQ, which potentially functions at an early step. Hence, FANCD2-driven MiDAS in untransformed cells is built to protect CFS stability, whereas RAD52-driven MiDAS in cancer cells is likely adapted to prevent chromosome mis-segregation at the cost of CFS expression. Notably, we also identified a novel form of MiDAS, which surfaces to function when FANCD2 is absent in untransformed cells. Our findings substantiate the complex nature of MiDAS and a link between its deficiencies and the pathogenesis of FA, a human genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Traband
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sarah R Hammerlund
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ananya Narayan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sanjiv Ramana
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anika Tella
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Naoko Shima
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Medical School, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Pagliara D, Ciolfi A, Pedace L, Haghshenas S, Ferilli M, Levy MA, Miele E, Nardini C, Cappelletti C, Relator R, Pitisci A, De Vito R, Pizzi S, Kerkhof J, McConkey H, Nazio F, Kant SG, Di Donato M, Agolini E, Matraxia M, Pasini B, Pelle A, Galluccio T, Novelli A, Barakat TS, Andreani M, Rossi F, Mecucci C, Savoia A, Sadikovic B, Locatelli F, Tartaglia M. Identification of a robust DNA methylation signature for Fanconi anemia. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1938-1949. [PMID: 37865086 PMCID: PMC10645556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous cancer-predisposing disorder representing the most common bone marrow failure syndrome. It is caused by inactivating predominantly biallelic mutations involving >20 genes encoding proteins with roles in the FA/BRCA DNA repair pathway. Molecular diagnosis of FA is challenging due to the wide spectrum of the contributing gene mutations and structural rearrangements. The assessment of chromosomal fragility after exposure to DNA cross-linking agents is generally required to definitively confirm diagnosis. We assessed peripheral blood genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles in 25 subjects with molecularly confirmed clinical diagnosis of FA (FANCA complementation group) using Illumina's Infinium EPIC array. We identified 82 differentially methylated CpG sites that allow to distinguish subjects with FA from healthy individuals and subjects with other genetic disorders, defining an FA-specific DNAm signature. The episignature was validated using a second cohort of subjects with FA involving different complementation groups, documenting broader genetic sensitivity and demonstrating its specificity using the EpiSign Knowledge Database. The episignature properly classified DNA samples obtained from bone marrow aspirates, demonstrating robustness. Using the selected probes, we trained a machine-learning model able to classify EPIC DNAm profiles in molecularly unsolved cases. Finally, we show that the generated episignature includes CpG sites that do not undergo functional selective pressure, allowing diagnosis of FA in individuals with reverted phenotype due to gene conversion. These findings provide a tool to accelerate diagnostic testing in FA and broaden the clinical utility of DNAm profiling in the diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pagliara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sadegheh Haghshenas
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Marco Ferilli
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michael A Levy
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Nardini
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Cappelletti
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Raissa Relator
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Angela Pitisci
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Haley McConkey
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maddalena Di Donato
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Matraxia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- AOU Città della salute e della scienza di Torino, Molinette's Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelle
- AOU Città della salute e della scienza di Torino, Molinette's Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Galluccio
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunogenetics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Andreani
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunogenetics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University and Hospital of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Savoia
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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8
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Ayala-Zambrano C, Yuste M, Frias S, Garcia-de-Teresa B, Mendoza L, Azpeitia E, Rodríguez A, Torres L. A Boolean network model of the double-strand break repair pathway choice. J Theor Biol 2023; 573:111608. [PMID: 37595867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Double strand break (DSB) repair is critical to maintaining the integrity of the genome. DSB repair deficiency underlies multiple pathologies, including cancer, chromosome instability syndromes, and, potentially, neurodevelopmental defects. DSB repair is mainly handled by two pathways: highly accurate homologous recombination (HR), which requires a sister chromatid for template-based repair, limited to S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, and canonical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), available throughout the cell cycle in which minimum homology is sufficient for highly efficient yet error-prone repair. Some circumstances, such as cancer, require alternative highly mutagenic DSB repair pathways like microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) and single-strand annealing (SSA), which are triggered to attend to DNA damage. These non-canonical repair alternatives are emerging as prominent drivers of resistance in drug-based tumor therapies. Multiple DSB repair options require tight inter-pathway regulation to prevent unscheduled activities. In addition to this complexity, epigenetic modifications of the histones surrounding the DSB region are emerging as critical regulators of the DSB repair pathway choice. Modeling approaches to understanding DSBs repair pathway choice are advantageous to perform simulations and generate predictions on previously uncharacterized aspects of DSBs response. In this work, we present a Boolean network model of the DSB repair pathway choice that incorporates the knowledge, into a dynamic system, of the inter-pathways regulation involved in DSB repair, i.e., HR, c-NHEJ, SSA, and MMEJ. Our model recapitulates the well-characterized HR activity observed in wild-type cells in response to DSBs. It also recovers clinically relevant behaviors of BRCA1/FANCS mutants, and their corresponding drug resistance mechanisms ascribed to DNA repair gain-of-function pathogenic variants. Since epigenetic modifiers are dynamic and possible druggable targets, we incorporated them into our model to better characterize their involvement in DSB repair. Our model predicted that loss of the TIP60 complex and its corresponding histone acetylation activity leads to activation of SSA in response to DSBs. Our experimental validation showed that TIP60 effectively prevents activation of RAD52, a key SSA executor, and confirms the suitable use of Boolean network modeling for understanding DNA DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ayala-Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Yuste
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Leda Torres
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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9
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Shiraishi C, Hirai T, Kaneda M, Okamoto A, Kato H, Tanaka K, Kondo E, Ikeda T, Iwamoto T. Factors for the development of anemia in patients with newly introduced olaparib: A retrospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34123. [PMID: 37505180 PMCID: PMC10378826 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is the most common dose-limiting toxicity of olaparib. However, few studies have analyzed the clinical features of olaparib-induced anemia. This study investigated the clinical features of olaparib-induced anemia. Additionally, the role of folate or vitamin B12 in olaparib-induced anemia was examined. This retrospective case-control study included patients who received olaparib at Mie University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020. Data were collected between initiation of olaparib and discontinuation of olaparib or till December 2021. We investigated the development of grade ≥ 3 anemia during olaparib administration for at least 1 year. We examined patients with grade ≥ 3 anemia considering the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), its association with gastrointestinal events and cumulative dose of carboplatin. For the sub-study analysis, data on patients treated with olaparib for ovarian or endometrial cancer were collected to evaluate the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) or monthly changes in folate or vitamin B12 levels from baseline to 3 months after olaparib initiation. These data were collected between initiation of olaparib and discontinuation of olaparib or till November 2022. Patients with no data on folic acid or vitamin B12 levels were excluded from the sub-study. In the main study, 40 patients were included. Eighteen patients (45%) developed grade ≥ 3 anemia, and all patients discontinued treatment (94%) or reduced olaparib dose (67%) after developing anemia. Among the patients with grade ≥ 3 anemia, 9 (50%) exhibited macrocytic anemia and 15 (83%) had previously received carboplatin. The incidence of grade ≥ 2 dysgeusia was significantly higher in patients with grade ≥ 3 anemia (P = .034). Moreover, the cumulative dose of previously administered carboplatin was higher in patients who had 3 episodes of anemia (P = .102). In sub-study, 12 had data on folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. Sub-study analysis showed that none fulfilled the criteria for deficiency of folate or vitamin B12, while 3 developed grade 3 anemia. This study revealed that olaparib-induced anemia frequently occurs as macrocytic and normocytic erythroblastic anemia without folate or vitamin B12 deficiencies. A high cumulative dose of previously administered carboplatin and dysgeusia may be associated with olaparib-induced anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michiko Kaneda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Kayo Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
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10
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Zhang N, Wang X, Miao XJ, Zhang XP, Xia XY, Li L, Sun HP. An acquired BMF with FANCL gene heterozygous mutation: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34036. [PMID: 37327301 PMCID: PMC10270529 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bone marrow failure (BMF) includes inherited and acquired BMFs. Acquired BMF can be secondary to various factors, such as autoimmune dysfunction, benzene, drugs, radiation, viral infection and so on. Fanconi anemia (FA) complementation group L (FANCL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in the repair of DNA damage. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of FANCL can lead to the onset of FA, which is one of the most common inherited BMFs. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES Here, we report a case of acquired BMF. This patient had a history of benzene exposure for half a year before the onset of the disease, and presented with progressive pancytopenia, especially the reduction of erythrocytes and megakaryocyte, without malformation. Interestingly, this patient and his brother/father had a heterozygous (non-homozygous/compound heterozygous) mutation (Exon9, c.745C > T, p.H249Y) in the FANCL gene. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient successfully underwent unrelated and fully compatible umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS We report for the first time an acquired BMF case with FANCL gene heterozygous mutation, and the mutation site (Exon9, c.745C > T, p.H249Y) has never been reported. This case suggests that heterozygous mutations in FANCL gene may be associated with increased susceptibility to acquired BMF. Based on current reports and this case, we speculate that heterozygous mutations in the FA complementation gene may exist in a certain proportion of tumor and acquired BMF patients, but have not been detected. We recommend routine screening for FA complementation gene mutations in tumor and acquired BMF patients in clinical practice. If positive results are found, further screening can be conducted on their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Miao
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu-Pai Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xia
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, People’s Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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11
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Coleman J, Green AJ, Bradley L. The utility of multiple genomic technologies for interpretation of modern next generation sequencing: A novel case of three FANCA gene variants resulting in autosomal recessive Fanconi anaemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 102:102762. [PMID: 37276838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive condition resulting in changes in the FANC gene family. This report describes a case of Fanconi anaemia in a family with complex biallelic variants. The patient is a 32-year-old female diagnosed with FA on cascade testing during childhood with chromosome breakage studies. On examination she had a fixed deformity of the right thumb and the proximal interphalangeal joint was immobile. Her brother shared this radial abnormality and had FA, requiring a bone marrow transplant. She presented in adulthood seeking further BRCA advice and had next generation sequencing that showed three variants in the FANCA gene. One allele a known pathogenic change, the other had two sequence variants in tandem that have been reported as variants of uncertain significance. There is one other unrelated case of these two variants occurring together in cis, resulting in Fanconi anaemia. This case is an interesting example of three variants in the FANCA gene, one allele with a pathogenic deletion and the other with a single complex allele made up of two missense variants of uncertain significance, likely manifesting with FA. It highlights the utility of different genetic technologies in the interpretation of next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Coleman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - A J Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Bradley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Rogers CB, Kram RE, Lin K, Myers CL, Sobeck A, Hendrickson EA, Bielinsky AK. Fanconi anemia-associated chromosomal radial formation is dependent on POLθ-mediated alternative end joining. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112428. [PMID: 37086407 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway after treatment with mitomycin C (MMC) is essential for preventing chromosome translocations termed "radials." When replication forks stall at MMC-induced interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), the FA pathway is activated to orchestrate ICL unhooking and repair of the DNA break intermediates. However, in FA-deficient cells, how ICL-associated breaks are resolved in a manner that leads to radials is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MMC-induced radials are dependent on DNA polymerase theta (POLθ)-mediated alternative end joining (A-EJ). Specifically, we show that radials observed in FANCD2-/- cells are dependent on POLθ and DNA ligase III and occur independently of classical non-homologous end joining. Furthermore, treatment of FANCD2-/- cells with POLθ inhibitors abolishes radials and leads to the accumulation of breaks co-localizing with common fragile sites. Uniformly, these observations implicate A-EJ in radial formation and provide mechanistic insights into the treatment of FA pathway-deficient cancers with POLθ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette B Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rachel E Kram
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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13
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Genetic analysis of a Fanconi anemia case revealed the presence of FANCF mutation (exon 1;469>C-T) with implications to develop acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:931-936. [PMID: 36369330 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder and one of the most common inherited forms of aplastic anemia. FA is an autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic disorder that is characterized by typical physical malformations and haematopoietic anomalies. In most cases of FA, patients harbor homozygous or double heterozygous mutations in the FANCA (60-65%), FANCC (10-15%), FANCG (~ 10%), FANCD2 (3-6%) or FANCF (2%) genes in different ethnic populations, which leads to inherited bone marrow failure (IBMF). Hence, it is important to screen such mutations in correlation with clinical manifestations of FA in various ethnic populations. APPROACH An 11 year old female pediatric patient of an East India family was presented with febrile illness, having thrombocytopenia with positive dengue IgM (Immunoglobulin M) and treated as a case of dengue hemorrhagic fever at the initial stage of diagnosis. Chromosomal breakage study was performed based on the abnormal physical examination, which showed 100% breaks, triradials, and quadrilaterals in mitomycin (MMC)-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte culture. Importantly, conventional cytogenetic assay in most of the bone marrow cells revealed an additional gain in chromosome 3q+ [46,XX,add(3)(q25)] and terminal loss in chr8p- [46,XX,del(8)(p23)], which might have a prognostic relevance in the outcomes of the FA patient. The bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were repeated and the results showed acute leukemia with 39% blast cells. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the patient confirmed the presence of (exon 1; 496 > C-T) non-sense mutation leading to a truncated FANCF protein attributed to a stop codon at the amino acid position 166. CONCLUSION The study reported the presence of a homozygous C-T exon 1 mutation in FANCF gene in the female pediatric patient from Odisha, India associated with FA. Furthermore, both parents were found to be carriers of FANCF gene mutation, as this allele was found to be in heterozygous state upon genome sequencing. The pathogenicity of the agent was robustly supported by the clinical phenotype and biochemical observations, wherein the patient eventually developed acute myeloid leukemia. The findings of the study infer the importance of early detection of FA and the associated mutations, which might lead to the development of acute myeloid leukemia.
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14
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Rodríguez A, Epperly M, Filiatrault J, Velázquez M, Yang C, McQueen K, Sambel LA, Nguyen H, Iyer DR, Juárez U, Ayala-Zambrano C, Martignetti DB, Frías S, Fisher R, Parmar K, Greenberger JS, D’Andrea AD. TGFβ pathway is required for viable gestation of Fanconi anemia embryos. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010459. [PMID: 36441774 PMCID: PMC9731498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the TGFβ pathway impairs the proliferation of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) pool in Fanconi anemia (FA). TGFβ promotes the expression of NHEJ genes, known to function in a low-fidelity DNA repair pathway, and pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signaling rescues FA HSPCs. Here, we demonstrate that genetic disruption of Smad3, a transducer of the canonical TGFβ pathway, modifies the phenotype of FA mouse models deficient for Fancd2. We observed that the TGFβ and NHEJ pathway genes are overexpressed during the embryogenesis of Fancd2-/- mice and that the Fancd2-/-Smad3-/- double knockout (DKO) mice undergo high levels of embryonic lethality due to loss of the TGFβ-NHEJ axis. Fancd2-deficient embryos acquire extensive genomic instability during gestation which is not reversed by Smad3 inactivation. Strikingly, the few DKO survivors have activated the non-canonical TGFβ-ERK pathway, ensuring expression of NHEJ genes during embryogenesis and improved survival. Activation of the TGFβ-NHEJ axis was critical for the survival of the few Fancd2-/-Smad3-/- DKO newborn mice but had detrimental consequences for these surviving mice, such as enhanced genomic instability and ineffective hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rodríguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Epperly
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jessica Filiatrault
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martha Velázquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for DNA Damage and DNA Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelsey McQueen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for DNA Damage and DNA Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Larissa A. Sambel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for DNA Damage and DNA Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for DNA Damage and DNA Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Divya Ramalingam Iyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ulises Juárez
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ayala-Zambrano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
| | - David B. Martignetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara Frías
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Renee Fisher
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kalindi Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for DNA Damage and DNA Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alan D. D’Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for DNA Damage and DNA Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Tashiro R, Kawazoe H, Mamishin K, Seto K, Udagawa R, Saito Y, Hashimoto H, Shimoi T, Yonemori K, Yonemura M, Terakado H, Kawasaki T, Furukawa T, Nakamura T. Patient-associated risk factors for severe anemia in patients with advanced ovarian or breast cancer receiving olaparib monotherapy: A multicenter retrospective study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898150. [PMID: 36267984 PMCID: PMC9577461 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olaparib-induced anemia is a frequently occurring complication in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer and is associated with a marked deterioration in patients’ health-related quality of life. This study aimed to clarify patient-specific risk factors for severe anemia in patients with advanced ovarian or breast cancer receiving olaparib monotherapy in a real-world setting. Methods This multicenter, retrospective, observational study enrolled consecutively presenting patients with advanced ovarian or breast cancer who received olaparib monotherapy as maintenance or palliative treatment between April 2018 and December 2020 at three participating medical institutions in Japan. The primary endpoint was patient-associated risk factors underlying the onset of grade ≥3 anemia from olaparib treatment initiation to 90 days after treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between patient-associated risk factors and grade ≥3 anemia. Results Of 113 patients evaluated in this study, 32.7% (n = 37) had grade ≥3 anemia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that low baseline red blood cell (RBC) count (<3.3 × 106 cells/μL), low baseline hematocrit level (<35%), low baseline hemoglobin level (<11.6 g/dL), and breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA1/2) mutation were significantly associated with the onset of grade ≥3 anemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–9.62; P = 0.017, adjusted OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.28–11.64; P = 0.021, adjusted OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.39–12.21; P = 0.014, and adjusted OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.55–11.67; P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that low baseline RBC count, low baseline hematocrit level, and low baseline hemoglobin level might be the patient-associated risk factors for severe anemia induced by olaparib monotherapy. Additionally, BRCA1/2 mutation was suggested to be a patient-related risk factor for anemia regardless of severity. Therefore, applying these patient-associated risk factors would help classify and screen patients at risk of severe anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tashiro
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawazoe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hitoshi Kawazoe,
| | - Kanako Mamishin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Seto
- Department of Pharmacy, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Udagawa
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Yonemura
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Terakado
- Department of Pharmacy, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Furukawa
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Meek K, Yang YT, Takada M, Parys M, Richter M, Engleberg AI, Thaiwong T, Griffin RL, Schall PZ, Kramer AJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. Identification of a Hypomorphic FANCG Variant in Bernese Mountain Dogs. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1693. [PMID: 36292578 PMCID: PMC9601343 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs), have an overall cancer incidence of 50%, half of which is comprised of an otherwise rare tumor, histiocytic sarcoma (HS). While recent studies have identified driver mutations in the MAPK pathway, identification of key predisposing genes has been elusive. Studies have identified several loci to be associated with predisposition to HS in BMDs, including near the MTAP/CDKN2A region, but no causative coding variant has been identified. Here we report the presence of a coding polymorphism in the gene encoding FANCG, near the MTAP/CDKN2A locus. This variant is in a conserved region of the protein and appears to be specific to BMDs. Canine fibroblasts derived from dogs homozygous for this variant are hypersensitive to cisplatin. We show this canine FANCG variant and a previously defined hypomorphic FANCG allele in humans impart similar defects in DNA repair. However, our data also indicate that this variant is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of HS. Furthermore, BMDs homozygous for this FANCG allele display none of the characteristic phenotypes associated with Fanconi anemia (FA) such as anemia, short stature, infertility, or an earlier age of onset for HS. This is similar to findings in FA deficient mice, which do not develop overt FA without secondary genetic mutations that exacerbate the FA deficit. In sum, our data suggest that dogs with deficits in the FA pathway are, like mice, innately resistant to the development of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn Meek
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marilia Takada
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maciej Parys
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marlee Richter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexander I. Engleberg
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48190, USA
| | - Rachel L. Griffin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter Z. Schall
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alana J. Kramer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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17
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Sharma P, Sharma N, Sharma D. A Narrative Review on Fanconi Anemia: Genetic and Diagnostic Considerations. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:237-241. [PMID: 36071913 PMCID: PMC9444348 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder, both genetically and phenotypically. It is characterized by chromosomal instability, progressive bone marrow failure, susceptibility to cancer, and various other congenital abnormalities. It involves all the three cell lines of blood. So far, biallelic mutations in 21 genes and one x-linked gene have been detected and found to be associated with FA phenotype. Signs and symptoms start setting in by the age of 4 to 7 years, mainly hematological symptoms. This includes pancytopenia, that is, a reduction in the number of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets. Therefore, the main criteria for diagnosis of FA include skeletal malformations, pancytopenia, hyperpigmentation, short stature, urogenital abnormalities, central nervous system, auditory, renal, ocular, and familial occurrence. Patients showing signs and symptoms of FA should be thoroughly evaluated. A complete blood count will reveal a reduced number of RBC, WBC, and platelets, that is, pancytopenia. Chromosomal breakage study/stress cytogenetics should be done in patients with severe pancytopenia. Momentousness timely diagnosis of current disease, prenatal diagnosis, and genetic counseling should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preksha Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhruva Sharma
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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18
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Fiesco-Roa MÓ, García-de Teresa B, Leal-Anaya P, van ‘t Hek R, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Frías S, Rodríguez A. Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders: Two inherited bone marrow failure syndromes with genomic instability. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949435. [PMID: 36091172 PMCID: PMC9453478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic diseases. To date, at least 13 IBMFS have been characterized. Their pathophysiology is associated with germline pathogenic variants in genes that affect hematopoiesis. A couple of these diseases also have genomic instability, Fanconi anemia due to DNA damage repair deficiency and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders as a result of an alteration in telomere maintenance. Patients can have extramedullary manifestations, including cancer and functional or structural physical abnormalities. Furthermore, the phenotypic spectrum varies from cryptic features to patients with significantly evident manifestations. These diseases require a high index of suspicion and should be considered in any patient with abnormal hematopoiesis, even if extramedullary manifestations are not evident. This review describes the disrupted cellular processes that lead to the affected maintenance of the genome structure, contrasting the dysmorphological and oncological phenotypes of Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders. Through a dysmorphological analysis, we describe the phenotypic features that allow to make the differential diagnosis and the early identification of patients, even before the onset of hematological or oncological manifestations. From the oncological perspective, we analyzed the spectrum and risks of cancers in patients and carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Ó. Fiesco-Roa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Leal-Anaya
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Renée van ‘t Hek
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autoínoma de Meíxico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara Frías
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Rodríguez, ; Sara Frías,
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Rodríguez, ; Sara Frías,
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19
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Liu P, Lin C, Liu L, Lu Z, Tu Z, Liu H. RAD54B mutations enhance the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102354. [PMID: 35952757 PMCID: PMC9463535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethal targeting of homologous recombination (HR)–deficient ovarian cancers (OvCas) with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) has attracted considerable attention. Olaparib was the first PARPi approved by the Food and Drug Administration, offering significant clinical benefits in BRCA1/2-deficient OvCas. However, only approximately 20% of OvCa patients harbor BRCA1/2 mutations. Given the shared roles that BRCA1/2 have with other HR regulators, alterations in HR genes may also contribute to “BRCAness profiles” in OvCas. RAD54B has been considered a key player in HR repair, although its roles and therapeutic potential in cancers need further investigation. Here, we identified 22 frequently mutated HR genes by whole-exome sequencing of OvCa tissues from 82 patients. To our surprise, 7.3% of patients were found to harbor mutations of RAD54B, the third-highest mutated gene among patients. We determined that RAD54B-mutated tumor tissues harbored more DNA double-strand breaks than normal tissues. Additionally, we found that RAD54B knockdown inhibited HR repair, enhanced sensitivities of OvCa cells with increased DNA double-strand breaks to olaparib, and induced apoptosis. Enhanced inhibitory effects of olaparib on the growth of ES2 xenograft tumors were further demonstrated by RAD54B knockdown. Finally, we show that restoration with wildtype RAD54B rather than RAD54BN593S and RAD54BH219Y, identified in patients, abolished the effects of RAD54B knockdown, indicating these RAD54B mutants probably malfunctioned in HR repair. Our investigations may offer insight into the contributions of RAD54B mutations to synthetic lethality with olaparib treatment in OvCas, enrich the gene list for “HR deficiency scoring,” and expand the applications of PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chunxiu Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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20
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Mo JL, Liu JS, Xiao Q, Hong WX, Yin JY, Chen J, Liu ZQ. Association of variations in the Fanconi anemia complementation group and prognosis in Non-small cell lung cancer patients with Platinum-based chemotherapy. Gene 2022; 825:146398. [PMID: 35306114 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the associations between FANC (FANCA, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, and FANCJ) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS According to the inclusion criteria, we selected 395 DNA samples from NSCLC patients for genotyping and combined with clinical data for Cox regression analysis and stratification analyses to assess relationships between overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) with SNPs genotypes. RESULTS The results revealed that patients with FANCE rs6907678 TT genotype have a longer OS than TC and CC genotype (Additive model: P = 0.004, HR = 1.696, 95% CI = 1.186-2.425). In stratification analyses, Longer PFS is found in female, age ≤ 55 years old and non-smoking patients with FANCE rs6907678 TT genotype, and patients with TT genotypes were significantly had longer OS in male, age >55 years old, non-smoking, squamous cell carcinoma and stage IV stratification. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that patients with FANCE rs6907678 TT genotype are contributed to better prognosis. FANCE rs6907678 may be used as a clinical biomarker for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Luan Mo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Jia-Si Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wen-Xu Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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21
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Schubert L, Hendriks IA, Hertz EPT, Wu W, Sellés‐Baiget S, Hoffmann S, Viswalingam KS, Gallina I, Pentakota S, Benedict B, Johansen J, Apelt K, Luijsterburg MS, Rasmussen S, Lisby M, Liu Y, Nielsen ML, Mailand N, Duxin JP. SCAI promotes error‐free repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks via the Fanconi anemia pathway. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53639. [PMID: 35156773 PMCID: PMC8982572 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are cytotoxic lesions that threaten genome integrity. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway orchestrates ICL repair during DNA replication, with ubiquitylated FANCI‐FANCD2 (ID2) marking the activation step that triggers incisions on DNA to unhook the ICL. Restoration of intact DNA requires the coordinated actions of polymerase ζ (Polζ)‐mediated translesion synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination (HR). While the proteins mediating FA pathway activation have been well characterized, the effectors regulating repair pathway choice to promote error‐free ICL resolution remain poorly defined. Here, we uncover an indispensable role of SCAI in ensuring error‐free ICL repair upon activation of the FA pathway. We show that SCAI forms a complex with Polζ and localizes to ICLs during DNA replication. SCAI‐deficient cells are exquisitely sensitive to ICL‐inducing drugs and display major hallmarks of FA gene inactivation. In the absence of SCAI, HR‐mediated ICL repair is defective, and breaks are instead re‐ligated by polymerase θ‐dependent microhomology‐mediated end‐joining, generating deletions spanning the ICL site and radial chromosomes. Our work establishes SCAI as an integral FA pathway component, acting at the interface between TLS and HR to promote error‐free ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schubert
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ivo A Hendriks
- Proteomics Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Emil P T Hertz
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for Chromosome Stability Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Selene Sellés‐Baiget
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Saskia Hoffmann
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Irene Gallina
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Satyakrishna Pentakota
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Benedict
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Joachim Johansen
- Disease Systems Biology Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Katja Apelt
- Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Simon Rasmussen
- Disease Systems Biology Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Lisby
- Center for Chromosome Stability Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Chromosome Stability Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Niels Mailand
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Chromosome Stability Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Julien P Duxin
- Protein Signaling Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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22
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Mishra AP, Hartford SA, Sahu S, Klarmann K, Chittela RK, Biswas K, Jeon AB, Martin BK, Burkett S, Southon E, Reid S, Albaugh ME, Karim B, Tessarollo L, Keller JR, Sharan SK. BRCA2-DSS1 interaction is dispensable for RAD51 recruitment at replication-induced and meiotic DNA double strand breaks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1751. [PMID: 35365640 PMCID: PMC8975877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between tumor suppressor BRCA2 and DSS1 is essential for RAD51 recruitment and repair of DNA double stand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). We have generated mice with a leucine to proline substitution at position 2431 of BRCA2, which disrupts this interaction. Although a significant number of mutant mice die during embryogenesis, some homozygous and hemizygous mutant mice undergo normal postnatal development. Despite lack of radiation induced RAD51 foci formation and a severe HR defect in somatic cells, mutant mice are fertile and exhibit normal RAD51 recruitment during meiosis. We hypothesize that the presence of homologous chromosomes in close proximity during early prophase I may compensate for the defect in BRCA2-DSS1 interaction. We show the restoration of RAD51 foci in mutant cells when Topoisomerase I inhibitor-induced single strand breaks are converted into DSBs during DNA replication. We also partially rescue the HR defect by tethering the donor DNA to the site of DSBs using streptavidin-fused Cas9. Our findings demonstrate that the BRCA2-DSS1 complex is dispensable for RAD51 loading when the homologous DNA is close to the DSB. Mishra et al. have generated mice with a single amino acid substitution in BRCA2, which disrupts its interaction with DSS1 resulting in a severe HR defect. They show the interaction to be dispensable for HR at replication induced and meiotic DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prakash Mishra
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne A Hartford
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Sounak Sahu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rajani Kant Chittela
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Kajal Biswas
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Albert B Jeon
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Betty K Martin
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Southon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Susan Reid
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mary E Albaugh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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23
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Parsa FG, Nobili S, Karimpour M, Aghdaei HA, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Mini E. Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: A Novel Opportunity for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:396. [PMID: 35330396 PMCID: PMC8950345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and has the second highest mortality rate globally. Thanks to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, several novel candidate genes have been proposed for CRC susceptibility. Germline biallelic mutations in one or more of the 22 currently recognized Fanconi anemia (FA) genes have been associated with Fanconi anemia disease, while germline monoallelic mutations, somatic mutations, or the promoter hypermethylation of some FANC genes increases the risk of cancer development, including CRC. The FA pathway is a substantial part of the DNA damage response system that participates in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks through homologous recombination (HR) and protects genome stability via replication fork stabilization, respectively. Recent studies revealed associations between FA gene/protein tumor expression levels (i.e., FANC genes) and CRC progression and drug resistance. Moreover, the FA pathway represents a potential target in the CRC treatment. In fact, FANC gene characteristics may contribute to chemosensitize tumor cells to DNA crosslinking agents such as oxaliplatin and cisplatin besides exploiting the synthetic lethal approach for selective targeting of tumor cells. Hence, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the function of the FA pathway in DNA repair and genomic integrity with a focus on the FANC genes as potential predisposition factors to CRC. We then introduce recent literature that highlights the importance of FANC genes in CRC as promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers for disease management and treatment. Finally, we represent a brief overview of the current knowledge around the FANC genes as synthetic lethal therapeutic targets for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghorbani Parsa
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mina Karimpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran;
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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24
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Fanconi Anemia Patients from an Indigenous Community in Mexico Carry a New Founder Pathogenic Variant in FANCG. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042334. [PMID: 35216452 PMCID: PMC8877758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants (PV) in at least 22 genes, which cooperate in the Fanconi anemia/Breast Cancer (FA/BRCA) pathway to maintain genome stability. PV in FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG account for most cases (~90%). This study evaluated the chromosomal, molecular, and physical phenotypic findings of a novel founder FANCG PV, identified in three patients with FA from the Mixe community of Oaxaca, Mexico. All patients presented chromosomal instability and a homozygous PV, FANCG: c.511-3_511-2delCA, identified by next-generation sequencing analysis. Bioinformatic predictions suggest that this deletion disrupts a splice acceptor site promoting the exon 5 skipping. Analysis of Cytoscan 750 K arrays for haplotyping and global ancestry supported the Mexican origin and founder effect of the variant, reaffirming the high frequency of founder PV in FANCG. The degree of bone marrow failure and physical findings (described through the acronyms VACTERL-H and PHENOS) were used to depict the phenotype of the patients. Despite having a similar frequency of chromosomal aberrations and genetic constitution, the phenotype showed a wide spectrum of severity. The identification of a founder PV could help for a systematic and accurate genetic screening of patients with FA suspicion in this population.
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25
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Li D, Hou K, Zhang K, Jia S. Regulation of Replication Stress in Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres by Fanconi Anaemia Protein. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020180. [PMID: 35205225 PMCID: PMC8872277 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA)-related proteins function in interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair pathways and multiple damage repair pathways. Recent studies have found that FA proteins are involved in the regulation of replication stress (RS) in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Since ALT cells often exhibit high-frequency ATRX mutations and high levels of telomeric secondary structure, high levels of DNA damage and replicative stress exist in ALT cells. Persistent replication stress is required to maintain the activity of ALT mechanistically, while excessive replication stress causes ALT cell death. FA proteins such as FANCD2 and FANCM are involved in the regulation of this balance by resolving or inhibiting the formation of telomere secondary structures to stabilize stalled replication forks and promote break-induced repair (BIR) to maintain the survival of ALT tumour cells. Therefore, we review the role of FA proteins in replication stress in ALT cells, providing a rationale and direction for the targeted treatment of ALT tumours.
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Shahid M, Azfaralariff A, Zubair M, Abdulkareem Najm A, Khalili N, Law D, Firasat S, Fazry S. In silico study of missense variants of FANCA, FANCC and FANCG genes reveals high risk deleterious alleles predisposing to Fanconi anemia pathogenesis. Gene 2021; 812:146104. [PMID: 34864095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Among the 22 Fanconi anemia (FA) reported genes, 90% of mutational spectra were found in three genes, namely FANCA (64%), FANCC (12%) and FANCG (8%). Therefore, this study aimed to identify the high-risk deleterious variants in three selected genes (FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG) through various computational approaches. The missense variant datasets retrieved from the UCSC genome browser were analyzed for their pathogenicity, stability, and phylogenetic conservancy. A total of 23 alterations, of which 16 in FANCA, 6 in FANCC and one variant in FANCG, were found to be highly deleterious. The native and mutant structures were generated, which demonstrated a profound impact on the respective proteins. Besides, their pathway analysis predicted many other pathways in addition to the Fanconi anemia pathway, homologous recombination, and mismatch repair pathways. Hence, this is the first comprehensive study that can be useful for understanding the genetic signatures in the development of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Abdulkareem Najm
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nahid Khalili
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Douglas Law
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; ZACH Biotech Depot Private Limited, Cheras, 43300, Selangor, Malaysia; Tasik Chini Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Biomarkers of DNA Damage Response Enable Flow Cytometry-Based Diagnostic to Identify Inborn DNA Repair Defects in Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2021; 42:286-298. [PMID: 34716846 PMCID: PMC8821069 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant event in every cell caused by exogenous factors such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation (UVR/IR) and intercalating drugs, or endogenous metabolic and replicative stress. Proteins of the DNA damage response (DDR) network sense DNA lesions and induce cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Genetic defects of DDR or DNA repair proteins can be associated with immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure syndromes, and cancer susceptibility. Although various diagnostic tools are available to evaluate DNA damage, their quality to identify DNA repair deficiencies differs enormously and depends on affected pathways. In this study, we investigated the DDR biomarkers γH2AX (Ser139), p-ATM (Ser1981), and p-CHK2 (Thr68) using flow cytometry on peripheral blood cells obtained from patients with combined immunodeficiencies due to non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) defects and ataxia telangiectasia (AT) in response to low-dose IR. Significantly reduced induction of all three markers was observed in AT patients compared to controls. However, delayed downregulation of γH2AX was found in patients with NHEJ defects. In contrast to previous reports of DDR in cellular models, these biomarkers were not sensitive enough to identify ARTEMIS deficiency with sufficient reliability. In summary, DDR biomarkers are suitable for diagnosing NHEJ defects and AT, which can be useful in neonates with abnormal TREC levels (T cell receptor excision circles) identified by newborn screening. We conclude that DDR biomarkers have benefits and some limitations depending on the underlying DNA repair deficiency.
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Pears CJ, Brustel J, Lakin ND. Dictyostelium discoideum as a Model to Assess Genome Stability Through DNA Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752175. [PMID: 34692705 PMCID: PMC8529158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving genome integrity through repair of DNA damage is critical for human health and defects in these pathways lead to a variety of pathologies, most notably cancer. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is remarkably resistant to DNA damaging agents and genome analysis reveals it contains orthologs of several DNA repair pathway components otherwise limited to vertebrates. These include the Fanconi Anemia DNA inter-strand crosslink and DNA strand break repair pathways. Loss of function of these not only results in malignancy, but also neurodegeneration, immune-deficiencies and congenital abnormalities. Additionally, D. discoideum displays remarkable conservations of DNA repair factors that are targets in cancer and other therapies, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that are targeted to treat breast and ovarian cancers. This, taken together with the genetic tractability of D. discoideum, make it an attractive model to assess the mechanistic basis of DNA repair to provide novel insights into how these pathways can be targeted to treat a variety of pathologies. Here we describe progress in understanding the mechanisms of DNA repair in D. discoideum, and how these impact on genome stability with implications for understanding development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Anurogo D, Yuli Prasetyo Budi N, Thi Ngo MH, Huang YH, Pawitan JA. Cell and Gene Therapy for Anemia: Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Gene Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126275. [PMID: 34200975 PMCID: PMC8230702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary anemia has various manifestations, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), Fanconi anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), and thalassemia. The available management strategies for these disorders are still unsatisfactory and do not eliminate the main causes. As genetic aberrations are the main causes of all forms of hereditary anemia, the optimal approach involves repairing the defective gene, possibly through the transplantation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from a normal matching donor or through gene therapy approaches (either in vivo or ex vivo) to correct the patient’s HSCs. To clearly illustrate the importance of cell and gene therapy in hereditary anemia, this paper provides a review of the genetic aberration, epidemiology, clinical features, current management, and cell and gene therapy endeavors related to SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and G6PDD. Moreover, we expound the future research direction of HSC derivation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies to edit HSCs, gene therapy risk mitigation, and their clinical perspectives. In conclusion, gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has promising outcomes for SCD, Fanconi anemia, and thalassemia, and it may overcome the limitation of the source of allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dito Anurogo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar 90221, Indonesia
| | - Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Huong Thi Ngo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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