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Mahamed Z, Shadab M, Najar RA, Millar MW, Bal J, Pressley T, Fazal F. The Protective Role of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Protein Sigma-1 Receptor in Regulating Endothelial Inflammation and Permeability Associated with Acute Lung Injury. Cells 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 38201208 PMCID: PMC10778450 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies from our lab identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone BiP/GRP78, an important component of MAM, to be a novel determinant of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction associated with acute lung injury (ALI). Sigma1R (Sig1R) is another unique ER receptor chaperone that has been identified to associate with BiP/GRP78 at the MAM and is known to be a pluripotent modulator of cellular homeostasis. However, it is unclear if Sig1R also plays a role in regulating the EC inflammation and permeability associated with ALI. Our data using human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sig1R potentiated LPS-induced the expression of proinflammatory molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and IL-8. Consistent with this, Sig1R agonist, PRE-084, known to activate Sig1R by inducing its dissociation from BiP/GRP78, blunted the above response. Notably, PRE-084 failed to blunt LPS-induced inflammatory responses in Sig1R-depleted cells, confirming that the effect of PRE-084 is driven by Sig1R. Furthermore, Sig1R antagonist, NE-100, known to inactivate Sig1R by blocking its dissociation from BiP/GRP78, failed to block LPS-induced inflammatory responses, establishing that dissociation from BiP/GRP78 is required for Sig1R to exert its anti-inflammatory action. Unlike Sig1R, the siRNA-mediated knockdown or Subtilase AB-mediated inactivation of BiP/GRP78 protected against LPS-induced EC inflammation. Interestingly, the protective effect of BiP/GRP78 knockdown or inactivation was abolished in cells that were depleted of Sig1R, confirming that BiP/GRP78 knockdown/inactivation-mediated suppression of EC inflammation is mediated via Sig1R. In view of these findings, we determined the in vivo relevance of Sig1R in a mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI. The intraperitoneal injection of PRE-084 mitigated sepsis-induced ALI, as evidenced by a decrease in ICAM-1, IL-6 levels, lung PMN infiltration, and lung vascular leakage. Together, these data evidence a protective role of Sig1R against endothelial dysfunction associated with ALI and identify it as a viable target in terms of controlling ALI in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (Z.M.); (M.S.); (R.A.N.); (M.W.M.); (J.B.); (T.P.)
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Winge T, Schepmann D, Schmidt J, Daniliuc C, Würthwein EU, Wünsch B. Diastereoselective synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of σ1 receptor ligands with spirocyclic scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7730-7752. [PMID: 37691601 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds play an increasing role in drug discovery as they define a rigid three-dimensional space to increase specific interactions with protein binding sites. Herein, a spirocyclic center was introduced into the lead compound 1 to rigidify its flexible benzylaminoethyl side chain. The key step of the synthesis was the reaction of different α,β-unsaturated amides 6 and 13-16 with methyl acrylate in the presence of TBDMSOTf. DFT calculations explain the mechanism of this transformation as concerted Diels-Alder reaction (functionals B3LYP and TPSS) or double (aza)-Michael addition (functionals PBE and wB97X-D). After separation of the diastereomeric spirocyclic products 8 and 17-20, LiAlH4 reduction provided the spirocyclic hydroxymethyl piperidines 21a,b-25a,b showing low nanomolar σ1 affinity (Ki < 100 nM). trans-Configured ligands (a-series) showed higher or equal σ1 affinity and higher selectivity over σ2 receptors and GluN2B-NMDA receptors than their cis-configured analogs (b-series). The additional hydroxymethyl moiety brings the log D7.4 value in a promising range. The high σ1 affinity (Ki = 3.6 nM) and the low lipophilicity result in the highest lipophilic ligand efficiency for the dispiro compound 23a (LLE = 6.0). The spirocyclic compounds reported herein and in particular the dispiro compound 23a demonstrate that ligands containing a large number of sp3 C-atoms possess favorable pharmacological (σ1 receptor affinity, receptor selectivity) and physicochemical properties (log D7.4 value) resulting in promising LLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Winge
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Wang T, Jia H. The Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12025. [PMID: 37569401 PMCID: PMC10418732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are a class of unique proteins with two subtypes: the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor which is situated at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), and the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor, located in the ER-resident membrane. Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of both σ1 and σ2 receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus these receptors represent two potentially effective biomarkers for emerging AD therapies. The availability of optimal radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of the σ1 and σ2 receptors in humans will provide tools to monitor AD progression and treatment outcomes. In this review, we first summarize the significance of both receptors in the pathophysiology of AD and highlight AD therapeutic strategies related to the σ1 and σ2 receptors. We then survey the potential PET radioligands, with an emphasis on the requirements of optimal radioligands for imaging the σ1 or σ2 receptors in humans. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors, and the opportunities for neuroimaging to elucidate the σ1 and σ2 receptors as novel biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, and for monitoring of disease progression and AD drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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Jin J, Arbez N, Sahn JJ, Lu Y, Linkens KT, Hodges TR, Tang A, Wiseman R, Martin SF, Ross CA. Neuroprotective Effects of σ 2R/TMEM97 Receptor Modulators in the Neuronal Model of Huntington's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2852-2862. [PMID: 36108101 PMCID: PMC9547941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes for an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in exon-1 of the human mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. The presence of this polyQ repeat results in neuronal degeneration, for which there is no cure or treatment that modifies disease progression. In previous studies, we have shown that small molecules that bind selectively to σ2R/TMEM97 can have significant neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and several other neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, we extend these investigations and show that certain σ2R/TMEM97-selective ligands decrease mHTT-induced neuronal toxicity. We first synthesized a set of compounds designed to bind to σ2R/TMEM97 and determined their binding profiles (Ki values) for σ2R/TMEM97 and other proteins in the central nervous system. Modulators with high affinity and selectivity for σ2R/TMEM97 were then tested in our HD cell model. Primary cortical neurons were cultured in vitro for 7 days and then co-transfected with either a normal HTT construct (Htt N-586-22Q/GFP) or the mHTT construct Htt-N586-82Q/GFP. Transfected neurons were treated with either σ2R/TMEM97 or σ1R modulators for 48 h. After treatment, neurons were fixed and stained with Hoechst, and condensed nuclei were quantified to assess cell death in the transfected neurons. Significantly, σ2R/TMEM97 modulators reduce the neuronal toxicity induced by mHTT, and their neuroprotective effects are not blocked by NE-100, a selective σ1R antagonist known to block neuroprotection by σ1R ligands. These results indicate for the first time that σ2R/TMEM97 modulators can protect neurons from mHTT-induced neuronal toxicity, suggesting that targeting σ2R/TMEM97 may lead to a novel therapeutic approach to treat patients with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States.,Cellular Sciences Department, IdRS, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Kathryn T. Linkens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Timothy R. Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Anthony Tang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Robyn Wiseman
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States,equally contributed co-senior authors to whom correspondence may be addressed: ;
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States.,equally contributed co-senior authors to whom correspondence may be addressed: ;
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Martin SF. Bridging Known and Unknown Unknowns: From Natural Products and Their Mimics to Unmet Needs in Neuroscience. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2397-2408. [PMID: 35960884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Scientific excursions into the unknown are often characterized by unanticipated twists and turns that may lead in directions that never could have been predicted. Decisions made during the course of these explorations determine what we discover. This Account chronicles one such journey that began with a challenge encountered during the synthesis of a natural product and then unfolded over more than 30 years to focus on unmet needs in neuroscience. Specifically, while developing a concise approach to tetrahydroalstonine, a heteroyohimboid alkaloid having α-adrenergic activity, we faced the predicament of assembling a key intermediate. Solving this problem resulted in the serendipitous discovery of the vinylogous Mannich reaction and a productive program wherein we used this powerful construction as a key step in the syntheses of numerous alkaloids. However, we also realized that lessons learned from the synthesis of tetrahydroalstonine could be generalized to invent a new strategy for preparing diverse collections of substituted nitrogen heterocycles that could be screened against biological targets. The approach featured the combination of several reactants in a multicomponent assembly process to give a functionalized intermediate that could be elaborated by various ring-forming reactions to give heterocyclic scaffolds that could be further diversified. Screening these compound sets against a broad range of biological targets revealed some intriguing hits, but none of them led to a productive collaboration in translational research. Notwithstanding this setback, we screened curated members of our collections against proteins in the central nervous system and discovered some substituted B-norbenzomorphans that were selective for the enigmatic sigma-2 receptor (σ2R), an understudied protein that had been primarily associated with cancer. With scant knowledge of its role in neuroscience, we posited that small molecules that bind to σ2R might be neuroprotective, thus launching a new venture. In parallel investigations we prepared analogues of the initial hits, explored their effects in animal models of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions, and identified σ2R as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). After first establishing the neuroprotective effects of several σ2R/TMEM97 ligands in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of neurodegeneration, we showed that one of these has procognitive effects and reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We then identified a closely related σ2R/TMEM97 ligand that mitigates hippocampal-dependent memory deficits, prevents axon degeneration, and protects neurons and oligodendrocytes after traumatic brain injury. In a recent study, this compound was shown to protect retinal ganglion cells from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In other collaborative investigations, we have shown that related, but structurally distinct, σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate neuropathic pain, while a σ2R/TMEM97 ligand representing yet another chemotype reduces impairments associated with alcohol withdrawal. More recently, we have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands enhance survival of cortical neurons in a neuronal model of Huntington's disease. Translational and mechanistic studies in these and other areas are in progress. Solving a problem we faced in natural product synthesis thus served as an unexpected gateway to discoveries that could lead to entirely new approaches to treat neurodegenerative and neurological conditions by targeting σ2R/TMEM97, a protein that has never been associated with these afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Fallica AN, Ciaffaglione V, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Salerno L, Amata E, Marrazzo A, Romeo G, Intagliata S. Structure-activity relationships of mixed σ1R/σ2R ligands with antiproliferative and anticancer effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tobolski J, Sawyer DB, Song SJ, Afari ME. Cardiovascular disease associated with methamphetamine use: a review. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2059-2065. [PMID: 35844009 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse is a global epidemic associated with a wide-ranging array of adverse effects on the cardiovascular system including dilated cardiomyopathy, malignant and benign arrhythmias, coronary vasospasm, and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. While the acute behavioral manifestations of amphetamine abuse are the most easily clinically identified, cardiovascular toxicity is common in this patient population and should be considered in this setting due to its high morbidity and mortality. The specific mechanisms for amphetamine cardiotoxicity have not been fully established, but new research implicates activation of several cellular targets including Sigma-1 receptors and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) leading to a myriad of negative downstream effects including increased reactive oxygenating species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and modulations of intracellular calcium. Additional pathologic effects are mediated by increased circulating catecholamines, which when chronically activated have well-established adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In this article, we present a case report followed by a current review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of amphetamine-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Tobolski
- Cardiac Service Line, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Cardiac Service Line, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Sharon J Song
- Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, ME, 04106, USA
| | - Maxwell Eyram Afari
- Cardiac Service Line, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA.
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Milenina LS, Krutetskaya ZI, Antonov VG, Krutetskaya NI. Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands Chlorpromazine and Trifluoperazine Attenuate Ca2+ Responses in Rat Peritoneal Macrophages. CELL AND TISSUE BIOLOGY 2022; 16:233-244. [PMID: 35668825 PMCID: PMC9136207 DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x22030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Milenina
- Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z. I. Krutetskaya
- Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. G. Antonov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Kirov Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. I. Krutetskaya
- Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Oflaz FE, Koshenov Z, Hirtl M, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. Sigma-1 Receptor Modulation by Ligands Coordinates Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism. Biomolecules 2022; 12:762. [PMID: 35740887 PMCID: PMC9221035 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is an important endoplasmic reticulum chaperone with various functions in health and disease. The purpose of the current work was to elucidate the involvement of S1R in cancer energy metabolism under its basal, activated, and inactivated states. For this, two cancer cell lines that differentially express S1R were treated with S1R agonist, (+)-SKF10047, and antagonist, BD1047. The effects of the agonist and antagonist on cancer energy metabolism were studied using single-cell fluorescence microscopy analysis of real-time ion and metabolite fluxes. Our experiments revealed that S1R activation by agonist increases mitochondrial bioenergetics of cancer cells while decreasing their reliance on aerobic glycolysis. S1R antagonist did not have a major impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics of tested cell lines but increased aerobic glycolysis of S1R expressing cancer cell line. Our findings suggest that S1R plays an important role in cancer energy metabolism and that S1R ligands can serve as tools to modulate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan E. Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Zheng MQ, Zhang J, Brust P, Deuther-Conrad W, Huang Y, Jia H. Synthesis and characterization of the two enantiomers of a chiral sigma-1 receptor radioligand: (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-[18F]FBFP. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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