1
|
Wu M, Li Y, Liu Z, Xia L, Xiang Y, Zhao L, Yang X, Li Z, Xie X, Wang L, Wang R, Xu S, Yang J. Genome-wide identification of the CAD gene family and functional analysis of putative bona fide CAD genes in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1400213. [PMID: 39040505 PMCID: PMC11261167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1400213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) plays a crucial role in lignin biosynthesis, and the gene family encoding various CAD isozymes has been cloned and characterized in numerous plant species. However, limited information regarding the CAD gene family in tobacco is currently available. In this study, we identified 10 CAD genes in Nicotiana tabacum, four in N. tomentosiformis, and six in N. sylvestris. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these tobacco CADs demonstrate high levels of similarity, whereas the putative protein sequences conservatively possessed two Zn2+ binding motifs and an NADP(H) cofactor binding motif. Both NtCAD1 and NtCAD2 had conservative substrate binding sites, similar to those possessed by bona fide CADs, and evidence from phylogenetic analysis as well as expression profiling supported their role as bona fide CADs involved in lignin biosynthesis. NtCAD1 has two paralogous genes, NtCAD1-1 and NtCAD1-2. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that NtCAD1-1 and NtCAD1-2 had a high affinity to coniferyl aldehyde, p-coumaryl aldehyde, and sinapyl aldehyde, whereas NtCAD2 preferred coniferyl aldehyde and p-coumaryl aldehyde as substrates. The kinetic parameter assay revealed that NtCAD1-2 functions as the most efficient enzyme. Downregulation of both NtCAD1-1 and NtCAD1-2 resulted in reddish-brown stems without significant changes in lignin content. Furthermore, NtCAD1-1, NtCAD1-2, and NtCAD2 showed distinct expression patterns in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as different phytohormones. Our findings suggest that NtCAD1-1 and NtCAD1-2 are involved in lignin biosynthesis, with NtCAD1-2 also participating in both biological and abiotic stresses, whereas NtCAD2 plays a distinct role mainly in responding to biological and abiotic stresses in tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijun Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengtai Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Xiang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Farooq TH, He H, Shahani AAA, Hameed R, Fayyaz A, Yousaf MS, Wang J, Chen L. Cloning and functional analysis of the DXR gene and promoter region in Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 37603091 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise biological function and activity of the deoxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) gene and its promoter in Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens remain unclear, even though OfDXR is known as the crucial enzyme involved in plant terpenoid synthesis. This study aimed to shed light on the role and activity of the OfDXR gene and its promoter in O. fragrans var. semperflorens by employing RACE-PCR and Hi-TAIL-PCR techniques for the cloning of the gene and promoter sequence from the petal tissue. Subsequently, genetic transformation and histochemical staining methods were utilized to analyze their function and activity. The OfDXR gene exhibited a DNA sequence length of 5241 bp, encompassing 12 exons and 11 introns. The corresponding cDNA sequence of the OfDXR gene was 1629 bp, encoding 474 amino acid residues. Expression analysis revealed that the OfDXR gene was predominantly active in the petals during the early full blooming stage. Overexpression of the OfDXR gene in Arabidopsis plants at the primary or full blooming stage led to an augmentation in the total terpenoid content. Furthermore, the promoter sequence of the OfDXR gene spanned a length of 1174 bp and contained conserved regulatory/response elements, demonstrating functional activity. These findings indicate that the OfDXR gene plays a pivotal role in terpenoid synthesis, while its promoter exhibits robust activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
- Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Hanjie He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Aitzaz A A Shahani
- Key Laboratory of Crop Sciences and Plant Breeding Genetics, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Rashida Hameed
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Amna Fayyaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Quan Y, Wu Z, Han J, Zhang Y, Javed HU, Ma C, Jiu S, Zhang C, Wang L, Wang S. EBR and JA regulate aroma substance biosynthesis in 'Ruidu Hongyu' grapevine berries by transcriptome and metabolite combined analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185049. [PMID: 37346128 PMCID: PMC10279965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds including terpenes, aldehyde, phenol, and alcohol are significantly contributed floral and fruity aromas to the Muscat variety. 'Ruidu Hongyu' grapevine is one of the newly developed grape varieties, and cultivation of this variety has been extended across China due to unique quality traits and taste. In this study, HS-SPME/GC-MS and transcriptome sequencing analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR), jasmonic acid (JA), and their signaling inhibitors brassinazole (Brz)/sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) on the biosynthesis of aroma substances in 'Ruidu Hongyu' grapevine. According to the results, exogenous BR and JA promoted the accumulation of various aroma substances, including hexenal, 2-hexenal, nerol oxide, vanillin, hotrienol, terpineol, neral, nerol, geraniol, and geranic acid. After EBR and JA treatments, most of the genes responsible for terpene, aldehyde, and alcohol biosynthesis expressed at a higher level than the CK group. Relatively, EBR treatment could not only promote endogenous BR biosynthesis and metabolism but also elevate BR signaling transduction. JA treatment contributed to endogenous JA and MeJA accumulation, as well. Through transcriptome sequencing, a total of 3043, 903, 1470, and 607 DEGs were identified in JA vs. JD, JA vs. CK, BR vs. CK, and BR vs. Brz, respectively. There were more DEGs under both EBR and JA treatments at late fruit ripening stages. The findings of this study increase our understanding regarding aroma substances biosynthesis and endogenous BR/JA metabolism in response to exogenous EBR and JA signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Quan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zishu Wu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Han
- Grape and Wine Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Grape and Wine Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hafiz Umer Javed
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hong Z, Peng D, Tembrock LR, Liao X, Xu D, Liu X, Wu Z. Chromosome-level genome assemblies from two sandalwood species provide insights into the evolution of the Santalales. Commun Biol 2023; 6:587. [PMID: 37264116 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood is one of the most expensive woods in the world and is well known for its long-lasting and distinctive aroma. In our study, chromosome-level genome assemblies for two sandalwood species (Santalum album and Santalum yasi) were constructed by integrating NGS short reads, RNA-seq, and Hi-C libraries with PacBio HiFi long reads. The S. album and S. yasi genomes were both assembled into 10 pseudochromosomes with a length of 229.59 Mb and 232.64 Mb, containing 21,673 and 22,816 predicted genes and a repeat content of 28.93% and 29.54% of the total genomes, respectively. Further analyses resolved a Santalum-specific whole-genome triplication event after divergence from ancestors of the Santalales lineage Malania, yet due to dramatic differences in transposon content, the Santalum genomes were only one-sixth the size of the Malania oleifera genome. Examination of RNA-seq data revealed a suite of genes that are differentially expressed in haustoria and might be involved in host hemiparasite interactions. The two genomes presented here not only provide an important comparative dataset for studying genome evolution in early diverging eudicots and hemiparasitic plants but will also hasten the application of conservation genomics for a lineage of trees recovering from decades of overexploitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Hong
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 510520, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518124, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Xuezhu Liao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 510520, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 510520, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518124, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Zhang Y, Yan H, Niu M, Xiong Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Teixeira da Silva JA, Ma G. Cloning and functional analysis of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) in Santalum album L. Gene 2023; 851:146762. [PMID: 35933050 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The commercial value of Santalum album L. lies in its aromatic heartwood and essential oil. Sesquiterpenes are the main components of sandal essential oil, and these are synthesized through the plant's mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. In this study, the first key rate-limiting enzyme, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (SaDXS), was investigated to provide a theoretical molecular basis for the sandalwood MEP sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway. The biofunctions of SaDXS were also analyzed. SaDXS promoters were successfully cloned from a seven-year-old S. album tree. SaDXS1A/1B promoter activity was verified by a β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay and by analyzing cis-acting elements of the promoters, which carried light- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive signals. In an experiment involving yellow S. album seedlings, exposure to light upregulated SaDXS1A/1B expression and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of the expression of SaDXS1A/1B and SaSSy, key genes of santalol biosynthesis, revealed SaDXS1A expression in all tissues whereas SaDXS1B was expressed in tissues that contained photosynthetic pigments, such as stems, leaves and flowers. Sandal seedlings exogenously treated with two hormones, MeJA and ethylene, revealed similar expression patterns for SaDXS1A/1B and SaSSy. Sandal seedlings were treated with an inhibitor of DXS, clomazone, but showed no significant changes in the contents of α-santalene, β-santalene and α-santalol between treatment and control groups. These results suggest that SaDXS1A/1B play a role in the synthesis of sandalwood sesquiterpenes, providing carbon for downstream secondary metabolites. SaDXS1A/1B also play a role in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and primary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yueya Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Meiyun Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuping Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | | | - Guohua Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quiroz-Iturra LF, Simpson K, Arias D, Silva C, González-Calquin C, Amaza L, Handford M, Stange C. Carrot DcALFIN4 and DcALFIN7 Transcription Factors Boost Carotenoid Levels and Participate Differentially in Salt Stress Tolerance When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Actinidia deliciosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012157. [PMID: 36293018 PMCID: PMC9603649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ALFIN-like transcription factors (ALs) are involved in several physiological processes such as seed germination, root development and abiotic stress responses in plants. In carrot (Daucus carota), the expression of DcPSY2, a gene encoding phytoene synthase required for carotenoid biosynthesis, is induced after salt and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Interestingly, the DcPSY2 promoter contains multiple ALFIN response elements. By in silico analysis, we identified two putative genes with the molecular characteristics of ALs, DcAL4 and DcAL7, in the carrot transcriptome. These genes encode nuclear proteins that transactivate reporter genes and bind to the carrot DcPSY2 promoter in yeast. The expression of both genes is induced in carrot under salt stress, especially DcAL4 which also responds to ABA treatment. Transgenic homozygous T3 Arabidopsis thaliana lines that stably express DcAL4 and DcAL7 show a higher survival rate with respect to control plants after chronic salt stress. Of note is that DcAL4 lines present a better performance in salt treatments, correlating with the expression level of DcAL4, AtPSY and AtDXR and an increase in carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. Likewise, DcAL4 transgenic kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) lines show increased carotenoid and chlorophyll content and higher survival rate compared to control plants after chronic salt treatment. Therefore, DcAL4 and DcAL7 encode functional transcription factors, while ectopic expression of DcAL4 provides increased tolerance to salinity in Arabidopsis and Kiwi plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Quiroz-Iturra
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91 REW4 Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin Simpson
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Daniela Arias
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Silva
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Christian González-Calquin
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Leticia Amaza
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Michael Handford
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Claudia Stange
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-22-2978-7361
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chai M, Fan R, Huang Y, Jiang X, Wai MH, Yang Q, Su H, Liu K, Ma S, Chen Z, Wang F, Qin Y, Cai H. GmbZIP152, a Soybean bZIP Transcription Factor, Confers Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810935. [PMID: 36142886 PMCID: PMC9505269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, with the environmental change in recent years, many environmental factors like drought, salinity, heavy metal, and disease seriously affected the growth and development of soybean, causing substantial economic losses. In this study, we screened a bZIP transcription factor gene, GmbZIP152, which is significantly induced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), phytohormones, salt-, drought-, and heavy metal stresses in soybean. We found that overexpression of GmbZIP152 in Arabidopsis (OE-GmbZIP152) enhances the resistance to S. sclerotiorum and the tolerance of salt, drought, and heavy metal stresses compared to wild-type (WT). The antioxidant enzyme related genes (including AtCAT1, AtSOD, and AtPOD1) and their enzyme activities are induced by S. sclerotiorum, salt, drought, and heavy metal stress in OE-GmbZIP152 compared to WT. Furthermore, we also found that the expression level of biotic- and abiotic-related marker genes (AtLOX6, AtACS6, AtERF1, and AtABI2, etc.) were increased in OE-GmbZIP152 compared to WT under S. sclerotiorum and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we performed a Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and found that GmbZIP152 could directly bind to promoters of ABA-, JA-, ETH-, and SA-induced biotic- and abiotic-related genes in soybean. Altogether, GmbZIP152 plays an essential role in soybean response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Chai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongbin Fan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youmei Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaohu Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Myat Hnin Wai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Han Su
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kaichuang Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Suzhuo Ma
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350400, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (H.C.)
| | - Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Identification and Functional Analysis of SabHLHs in Santalum album L. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071017. [PMID: 35888105 PMCID: PMC9315531 DOI: 10.3390/life12071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Santalum album L., a semi-parasitic evergreen tree, contains economically important essential oil, rich in sesquiterpenoids, such as (Z) α- and (Z) β-santalol. However, their transcriptional regulations are not clear. Several studies of other plants have shown that basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) were involved in participating in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene synthase genes. Herein, bHLH TF genes with similar expression patterns and high expression levels were screened by co-expression analysis, and their full-length ORFs were obtained. These bHLH TFs were named SaMYC1, SaMYC3, SaMYC4, SaMYC5, SabHLH1, SabHLH2, SabHLH3, and SabHLH4. All eight TFs had highly conserved bHLH domains and SaMYC1, SaMYC3, SaMYC4, and SaMYC5, also had highly conserved MYC domains. It was indicated that the eight genes belonged to six subfamilies of the bHLH TF family. Among them, SaMYC1 was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, while SaMYC4 was only localized in the cytoplasm and the remaining six TFs were localized in nucleus. In a yeast one-hybrid experiment, we constructed decoy vectors pAbAi-SSy1G-box, pAbAi-CYP2G-box, pAbAi-CYP3G-box, and pAbAi-CYP4G-box, which had been transformed into yeast. We also constructed pGADT7-SaMYC1 and pGADT7-SabHLH1 capture vectors and transformed them into bait strains. Our results showed that SaMYC1 could bind to the G-box of SaSSy, and the SaCYP736A167 promoter, which SaSSy proved has acted as a key enzyme in the synthesis of santalol sesquiterpenes and SaCYP450 catalyzed the ligation of santalol sesquiterpenes into terpene. We have also constructed pGreenII 62-SK-SaMYC1, pGreenII 0800-LUC-SaSSy and pGreenII 0800-LUC-SaCYP736A167 via dual-luciferase fusion expression vectors and transformed them into Nicotiana benthamiana using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. The results showed that SaMYC1 was successfully combined with SaSSy or SaCYP736A167 promoter and the LUC/REN value was 1.85- or 1.55-fold higher, respectively, than that of the control group. Therefore, we inferred that SaMYC1 could activate both SaSSy and SaCYP736A167 promoters.
Collapse
|
9
|
Comparative transcriptome profiling of high and low oil yielding Santalum album L. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0252173. [PMID: 35482775 PMCID: PMC9049570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
East Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is highly valued for its heartwood and its oil. There have been no efforts to comparative study of high and low oil yielding genetically identical sandalwood trees grown in similar climatic condition. Thus we intend to study a genome wide transcriptome analysis to identify the corresponding genes involved in high oil biosynthesis in S. album. In this study, 15 years old S. album (SaSHc and SaSLc) genotypes were targeted for analysis to understand the contribution of genetic background on high oil biosynthesis in S. album. A total of 28,959187 and 25,598869 raw PE reads were generated by the Illumina sequencing. 2.12 million and 1.811 million coding sequences were obtained in respective accessions. Based on the GO terms, functional classification of the CDS 21262, & 18113 were assigned into 26 functional groups of three GO categories; (4,168; 3,641) for biological process (5,758;4,971) cellular component and (5,108;4,441) for molecular functions. Total 41,900 and 36,571 genes were functionally annotated and KEGG pathways of the DEGs resulted 213 metabolic pathways. In this, 14 pathways were involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathway in S. album. Among 237 cytochrome families, nine groups of cytochromes were participated in high oil biosynthesis. 16,665 differentially expressed genes were commonly detected in both the accessions (SaHc and SaSLc). The results showed that 784 genes were upregulated and 339 genes were downregulated in SaHc whilst 635 upregulated 299 downregulated in SaSLc S. album. RNA-Seq results were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Maximum Blast hits were found to be against Vitis vinifera. From this study, we have identified additional number of cytochrome family in high oil yielding sandalwood accessions (SaHc). The accessibility of a RNA-Seq for high oil yielding sandalwood accessions will have broader associations for the conservation and selection of superior elite samples/populations for further genetic improvement program.
Collapse
|