1
|
Liu S, Yu L. Role of genetics and the environment in the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2024; 7:e000884. [PMID: 39183805 PMCID: PMC11340715 DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2024-000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital malformation characterized by failure of diaphragm closure during embryonic development, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of CDH and pulmonary hypoplasia is theorized to result from both abnormalities in signaling pathways of smooth muscle cells in pleuroperitoneal folds and mechanical compression by abdominal organs within the chest cavity on the developing lungs. Although, the precise etiology of diaphragm maldevelopment in CDH is not fully understood, it is believed that interplay between genes and the environment contributes to its onset. Approximately 30% of patients with CDH possess chromosomal or single gene defects and these patients tend to have inferior outcomes compared with those without genetic associations. At present, approximately 150 gene variants have been linked to the occurrence of CDH. The variable expression of the CDH phenotype in the presence of a recognized genetic predisposition can be explained by an environmental effect on gene penetrance and expression. The retinoic acid pathway is thought to play an essential role in the interactions of genes and environment in CDH. However, apart from the gradually maturing retinol hypothesis, there is limited evidence implicating other environmental factors in CDH occurrence. This review aims to describe the pathogenesis of CDH by summarizing the genetic defects and potential environmental influences on CDH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salles Rosa Neto N, Pereira IA, Sztajnbok FR, Azevedo VF. Unraveling the genetic collagen connection: clinical and therapeutic insights on genetic connective tissue disorders. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:32. [PMID: 38664779 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary connective tissue disorders include more than 200 conditions affecting different organs and tissues, compromising the biological role of the extracellular matrix through interference in the synthesis, development, or secretion of collagen and/or its associated proteins. The clinical phenotype includes multiple signs and symptoms, usually nonspecific but of interest to rheumatologists because of musculoskeletal involvement. The patient´s journey to diagnosis is long, and physicians should include these disorders in their differential diagnoses of diseases with systemic involvement. In this review, insights for the diagnosis and treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta, hypermobility spectrum disorder/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, and Stickler syndromes are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Salles Rosa Neto
- Centro de Doenças Raras e da Imunidade, Hospital Nove de Julho, Rua Peixoto Gomide, 285, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, CEP 01409-001, SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Materozzi M, Resnati M, Facchi C, Trudu M, Orfanelli U, Perini T, Gennari L, Milan E, Cenci S. A novel proteomic signature of osteoclast differentiation unveils the deubiquitinase UCHL1 as a necessary osteoclastogenic driver. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7290. [PMID: 38538704 PMCID: PMC10973525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction, a major source of morbidity, is mediated by heightened differentiation and activity of osteoclasts (OC), highly specialized multinucleated myeloid cells endowed with unique bone-resorptive capacity. The molecular mechanisms regulating OC differentiation in the bone marrow are still partly elusive. Here, we aimed to identify new regulatory circuits and actionable targets by comprehensive proteomic characterization of OCgenesis from mouse bone marrow monocytes, adopting two parallel unbiased comparative proteomic approaches. This work disclosed an unanticipated protein signature of OCgenesis, with most gene products currently unannotated in bone-related functions, revealing broad structural and functional cellular reorganization and divergence from macrophagic immune activity. Moreover, we identified the deubiquitinase UCHL1 as the most upregulated cytosolic protein in differentiating OCs. Functional studies proved it essential, as UCHL1 genetic and pharmacologic inhibition potently suppressed OCgenesis. Furthermore, proteomics and mechanistic dissection showed that UCHL1 supports OC differentiation by restricting the anti-OCgenic activity of NRF2, the transcriptional activator of the canonical antioxidant response, through redox-independent stabilization of the NRF2 inhibitor, KEAP1. Besides offering a valuable experimental framework to dissect OC differentiation, our study discloses the essential role of UCHL1, exerted through KEAP1-dependent containment of NRF2 anti-OCgenic activity, yielding a novel potential actionable pathway against bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Materozzi
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Resnati
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Facchi
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Trudu
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Perini
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Milan
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Cenci
- Age Related Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hauck J, Gerard A, Crowe JE, Martinez CA, Machol K. Transient Generalized Osteosclerosis in a Newborn Mimicking Congenital Osteopetrosis with Negative Comprehensive Genetic Workup: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS. CLINICAL PRACTICE 2024; 11:200100. [PMID: 38827482 PMCID: PMC11138251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedcp.2024.200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We present a newborn with transient generalized osteosclerosis and negative genetic workup. The etiology of this condition is unknown. Given overlapping radiologic signs with severe forms of osteopetrosis, familiarity with this condition is crucial for correct diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Hauck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Genetics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | - Keren Machol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Y, Li L, Wang J, Liu H, Wang H. Emerging Landscape of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:72-96. [PMID: 38230285 PMCID: PMC10789133 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an uncommon genetic disorder characterized by shortness of stature, hearing loss, poor bone mass, recurrent fractures, and skeletal abnormalities. Pathogenic variations have been found in over 20 distinct genes that are involved in the pathophysiology of OI, contributing to the disorder's clinical and genetic variability. Although medications, surgical procedures, and other interventions can partially alleviate certain symptoms, there is still no known cure for OI. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic pathogenesis, existing treatment modalities, and new developments in biotechnologies such as gene editing, stem cell reprogramming, functional differentiation, and transplantation for potential future OI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Lin Li
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Medical
School of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hajialiloo M, Tekantapeh ST. Paget's disease of bone in the patient presented with a bowed leg. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8276. [PMID: 38046804 PMCID: PMC10689294 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message In dealing with bowed limbs along with increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), even if the typical changes to the face are not very noticeable at first glance, Paget's disease of the bone (PDB) should be suspected, and the necessary investigations should be carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Abstract Paget's disease of the bone (PDB) is the second most prevalent metabolic bone disorder worldwide with disorganized bone remodeling. Here, a patient is presented with pain and bending of the right leg, whose skull and forehead changes are not noticeable at first glance, but with clinical suspicion and additional diagnostic evaluations, PDB diagnosis is confirmed for the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Hajialiloo
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kelk P, Fasth A, Holgerson PL, Sjöström M. Successful complete oral rehabilitation of a patient with osteopetrosis with extensive pre-treatments, bone grafts, dental implants and fixed bridges: a multidisciplinary case report. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:940. [PMID: 38017429 PMCID: PMC10683162 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis comprises a group of inherited disorders that are rare and result in abnormal bone structure. Bone remodeling is extremely inhibited because osteoclasts are nonfunctional or lacking. This condition causes overgrowth of bone with disappearance of the bone marrow, leading to aplastic anemia; obstruction of nerve passages in the skull leads to blindness and often hearing impairment. In most cases, osteopetrosis results in oral complications such as tooth deformation, hypomineralization, and delayed or absent tooth eruption. The only curative treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The main treatment of the oral complications during childhood and adolescence consists in protecting the erupted teeth against caries disease through prophylactic treatment aimed at optimal oral hygiene through frequent regular dental visits throughout life. Many patients with osteopetrosis require major oral rehabilitation to treat complications of the disease. Improved results of HSCT increase the likelihood that dental professionals will encounter patients with osteopetrosis. CASE PRESENTATION In this case report, we show that individuals with osteopetrosis who have severe oral complications can be treated successfully if they are treated for osteopetrosis at an early age. The boy had his dental care in pedodontics, and regular multidisciplinary meetings were held for future treatment planning. At the age of 15, he was then referred for rehabilitation. The initial evaluations revealed no further growth in the alveolar bone. The rehabilitation was done stepwise, with extraction of malformed and malpositioned teeth. Initially, the patient received a removable partial denture followed by reconstruction of the width of the alveolar process, titanium implants, temporary fixed bridges, and finally screw-retained titanium-ceramic bridges with titanium frames for the upper and lower jaws. CONCLUSIONS The three-year follow-up after loading indicated a stable marginal bone level and optimal oral hygiene as a result of frequent professional oral hygiene care. The patient showed no signs of symptoms from the temporomandibular joint and has adapted to the new jaw relation without any functional or phonetical issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kelk
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - PLif Holgerson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 85, Sweden
| | - M Sjöström
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 85, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Charoenngam N, Thongpiya J, Yingchoncharoen P, Ponvilawan B, Marangoz MS, Chenbhanich J, Ungprasert P. Atypical Femoral Fracture in Hypophosphatasia: A Systematic Review. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:5544148. [PMID: 37731773 PMCID: PMC10508997 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5544148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize the characteristics of all reported patients with hypophosphatasia (HPP) who sustained atypical femoral fracture (AFF) and identify all available evidence to quantify the rate of coexistence between HPP and AFF. Methods Potentially eligible articles were identified from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from its inception to September 2022, using a search strategy consisting of terms related to "Hypophosphatasia" and "Atypical femoral fracture." Eligible articles must report one of the following information: (1) individual data of patients diagnosed with HPP and AFF, (2) prevalence of HPP among patients with AFF, or (3) prevalence of AFF among patients of HPP. Characteristics of patients reported in each study were extracted. Results A total of 148 articles were identified. After the systematic review, 24 articles met the eligibility criteria. A total of 28 patients with AFF and HPP were identified. The mean ± SD age of the reported patients was 53.8 ± 12.5 years, and 22 patients (78.6%) were female. Nine patients (32.1%) received antiresorptive medication (bisphosphonate and/or denosumab), and two patients (7.1%) received teriparatide prior to the development of AFF. Seven (25.0%) and eighteen (64.3%) patients sustained unilateral and bilateral AFF, respectively (laterality not reported in three cases). Thirteen patients (46.4%) had a history of fractures at other sites. Four (14.3%) and seven (25.0%) patients received asfotase alfa and teriparatide after sustaining AFF. Two studies reported the prevalence of AFF among patients with HPP of approximately 10%. One study reported one HPP patient in a cohort of 72 patients with AFF. Conclusions Based on the limited evidence, AFF occurred in up to 10% of patients with HPP. Based on the 28 case reports, about two-thirds did not receive antiresorptive treatment, suggesting that the HPP itself could potentially be a risk factor for AFF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jerapas Thongpiya
- Department of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Ben Ponvilawan
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Missouri Medical Center, Jefferson, MO, USA
| | - Mehmet S. Marangoz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jirat Chenbhanich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karnik SJ, Nazzal MK, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Megakaryocyte Secreted Factors Regulate Bone Marrow Niche Cells During Skeletal Homeostasis, Aging, and Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:83-95. [PMID: 37243755 PMCID: PMC11179715 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment contains a diverse array of cell types under extensive regulatory control and provides for a novel and complex mechanism for bone regulation. Megakaryocytes (MKs) are one such cell type that potentially acts as a master regulator of the bone marrow microenvironment due to its effects on hematopoiesis, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. While several of these processes are induced/inhibited through MK secreted factors, others are primarily regulated by direct cell-cell contact. Notably, the regulatory effects that MKs exert on these different cell populations has been found to change with aging and disease states. Overall, MKs are a critical component of the bone marrow that should be considered when examining regulation of the skeletal microenvironment. An increased understanding of the role of MKs in these physiological processes may provide insight into novel therapies that can be used to target specific pathways important in hematopoietic and skeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Murad K Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gevers EF, de Winter JP. New developments and therapies in pediatric endocrinology. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1439-1443. [PMID: 36567374 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien F Gevers
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Barts Health NHS Trust - The Royal London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - J Peter de Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Leuven Child and Health Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Said MA, Almatar AA, Alibrahim MS. Higher Sedentary Behaviors and Lower Levels of Specific Knowledge Are Risk Factors for Physical Activity-Related Injuries in Saudi Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4610. [PMID: 36901623 PMCID: PMC10001543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Encouraging physical activity (PA) for adolescents is necessary to achieve and maintain optimal health, but it may increase the risk of PA-related injuries. This study sought to assess the frequency, location, type, and severity of PA-related injuries in Saudi students aged 13 to 18 years and to identify associated risk factors. A total of 402 students, including 206 boys aged 15.87 ± 1.69 years and 196 girls aged 15.83 ± 1.70 years, were randomly assigned to participate in this study. For each participant, height, weight, body mass index, and fat percentage were measured. Responses to a specially designed four-part self-administered questionnaire were also collected. Results revealed that better specific knowledge was associated with a lower likelihood of sustaining injuries (β = -0.136; p = 0.001) but increased sedentary behaviors were associated with a greater likelihood of sustaining a PA-related injury (β = 0.358; p = 0.023). Gender, knowledge, and sedentary behaviors were the factors overall associated with a greater likelihood of suffering 1, 2, and 3 or more PA-related injuries. However, gender, fat-free mass, knowledge, and sedentary behaviors were associated overall with a greater likelihood of bruises, strains, fractures, sprains, concussions, and at least two types of PA-related injuries. Collectively, we should pay attention to the PA-related injury problem among middle and high school students, particularly when promoting a physically active lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Said
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, Jendouba 7100, Tunisia
| | - Amnah Ahmed Almatar
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shaab Alibrahim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carbonic Anhydrase II Activators in Osteopetrosis Treatment: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1373-1386. [PMID: 36826034 PMCID: PMC9954968 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary illness generated by failure in osteoclasts resulting in elevated bone densities. Patients with osteopetrosis possess several complications, like dental caries, earlier teeth loss, delayed eruption, malformed crowns and roots, and lamina dura thickening. Since deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II is a major cause behind osteopetrosis, carbonic anhydrase II activators have a large number of applications in osteopetrosis treatment. There is a lack of a comprehensive review on osteopetrosis, pathogenesis of dental abnormalities, and the role of carbonic anhydrase II activators in osteopetrosis treatment. To address this research gap, the authros perfomed a comprehensive review on osteopetrosis and its types, pathogenesis of dental abnormalities, and the role of carbonic anhydrase II activators in osteopetrosis treatment. A brief introduction to the pathogenesis of dental abnormalities and regeneration is provided in this survey. A discussion of types of osteopetrosis depending on genetic inheritance, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance osteopetrosis, is presented in this survey. The paper also focuses on the importance of carbonic anhydrase II activators as a potential drug therapy for dental osteopetrosis. In addition, a brief note on the role of azole and fluconazole in treating osteopetrosis is given. Finally, future directions involving gene therapy for dental osteopetrosis are described.
Collapse
|
13
|
Micro Ribonucleic Acid-29a (miR-29a) Antagonist Normalizes Bone Metabolism in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Mice Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020465. [PMID: 36831000 PMCID: PMC9953572 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is not curative nowadays. This study tried to unriddle the therapeutic potential of micro ribonucleic acid-29a (miR-29a) antagonist in treating OI in a mouse animal model (B6C3Fe a/a-Col1a2oim/J). We showed that the expression levels of miR-29a were higher in bone tissues obtained from the OI mice than from wild-type mice demonstrated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization assay. We established lentivirus-shuttled vector expressing miR-29a antisense oligonucleotide (miR-29a-AS) and miR-29a precursors (pre-miR-29a), showing that the inferior bony architecture in micro-computed tomography and pertinent morphometric parameters could be rescued by miR-29a-AS and deteriorated by pre-miR-29a. The decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), increased Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and decreased β-catenin expression in OI mice could be accentuated by pre-miR-29a and normalized by miR-29a-AS. The decreased osteogenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis in OI mice could also be accentuated by pre-miR-29a and normalized by miR-29a-AS. miR-29a-AS did not seem to possess severe hepatic or renal toxicities.
Collapse
|
14
|
Charoenngam N, Jaroenlapnopparat A, Mettler SK, Grover A. Genetic Variations of the Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: Current Understanding and Existing Evidence. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020400. [PMID: 36830936 PMCID: PMC9953304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory and metabolic effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation have been considered beneficial in mitigating the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system that may influence inflammation associated with COVID-19. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an association between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk and the severity of COVID-19 infection. However, the impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 based on evidence from randomized clinical trials is unclear. Equally important is that certain variations of the genes involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway have been shown to affect immune function and linked with various clinical outcomes, including cardio-metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. This indicates inter-individual difference in body response to vitamin D. There is also emerging evidence that common polymorphisms of these genes may influence the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, although the confidence of these findings is limited by a small number of studies and participants. Further studies are needed to address the potential role of VDR activation and DBP in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 which take into account the genetic variations of vitamin D metabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-492-3500
| | | | - Sofia K. Mettler
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ashna Grover
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|