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Statello L, Fernandez-Justel JM, González J, Montes M, Ranieri A, Goñi E, Mas AM, Huarte M. The chromatin-associated lncREST ensures effective replication stress response by promoting the assembly of fork signaling factors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:978. [PMID: 38302450 PMCID: PMC10834948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides the well-characterized protein network involved in the replication stress response, several regulatory RNAs have been shown to play a role in this critical process. However, it has remained elusive whether they act locally at the stressed forks. Here, by investigating the RNAs localizing on chromatin upon replication stress induced by hydroxyurea, we identified a set of lncRNAs upregulated in S-phase and controlled by stress transcription factors. Among them, we demonstrate that the previously uncharacterized lncRNA lncREST (long non-coding RNA REplication STress) is transcriptionally controlled by p53 and localizes at stressed replication forks. LncREST-depleted cells experience sustained replication fork progression and accumulate un-signaled DNA damage. Under replication stress, lncREST interacts with the protein NCL and assists in engaging its interaction with RPA. The loss of lncREST is associated with a reduced NCL-RPA interaction and decreased RPA on chromatin, leading to defective replication stress signaling and accumulation of mitotic defects, resulting in apoptosis and a reduction in tumorigenic potential of cancer cells. These findings uncover the function of a lncRNA in favoring the recruitment of replication proteins to sites of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Statello
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Fernandez-Justel
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jovanna González
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Montes
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alessia Ranieri
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Goñi
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aina M Mas
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Huarte
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pio XII 55 Ave, 11 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain.
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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Photodynamic therapy induced cell cycle arrest and cancer cell synchronization: review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225694. [PMID: 37503319 PMCID: PMC10369002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle arrest (CCA) is seen as a prime candidate for effective cancer therapy. This mechanism can help researchers to create new treatments to target cancer cells at particular stages of the cell cycle (CC). The CCA is a characteristic of various therapeutic modalities, including radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), which synchronizes the cells and facilitates the standardization of radio-chemotherapy protocols. Although it was discovered that photodynamic treatment (PDT) had a biological effect on CCA in cancer cells, the mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, besides conventional forms of cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, various unconventional types of cell death including pyroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos after PDT have been reported. Thus, a variety of elements, such as oxygen, the tumor's microenvironment, the characteristics of light, and photosensitizer (PS), influence the effectiveness of the PDT treatment, which have not yet been studied clearly. This review focuses on CCA induced by PDT for a variety of PSs agents on various cell lines. The CCA by PDT can be viewed as a remarkable effect and instructive for the management of the PDT protocol. Regarding the relationship between the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its biological consequences, we have proposed two mathematical models in PDT. Finally, we have gathered recent in vitro and in vivo studies about CCA post-PDT at various stages and made suggestions about how it can standardize, potentiate, and customize the PDT methodology.
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Shi WW, Guan JZ, Long YP, Song Q, Xiong Q, Qin BY, Ma ZQ, Hu Y, Yang B. Integrative transcriptional characterization of cell cycle checkpoint genes promotes clinical management and precision medicine in bladder carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915662. [PMID: 36033441 PMCID: PMC9404245 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aberrant regulation of cell cycle is significantly correlated with cancer carcinogenesis and progression, in which cell cycle checkpoints control phase transitions, cell cycle entry, progression, and exit. However, the integrative role of cell cycle checkpoint-related genes (CRGs) in bladder carcinoma (BC) remains unknown. Methods The transcriptomic data and clinical features of BC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), used to identify CRGs correlated with overall survival (OS) by univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, the multivariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses further developed a prognostic CRG signature, which was validated in three external datasets retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted for evaluating the performance of the CRG signature in prognosis prediction. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to explore the expression difference in the identified CRGs between tumor and normal tissue samples from 11 BC patients in the local cohort. Ultimately, genomic profiles and tumor microenvironment (TME), and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) were investigated to guide precision treatment for BC patients with different CRG features. Results The novel constructed 23-CRG prognostic signature could stratify BC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different outcomes (median OS: 13.64 vs. 104.65 months). Notably, 19 CRGs were the first to be identified as being associated with BC progression. In three additional validation datasets (GSE13507, GSE31684, and GSE32548), higher CRG scores all indicated inferior survival, demonstrating the robust ability of the CRG signature in prognosis prediction. Moreover, the CRG signature as an independent prognostic factor had a robust and stable risk stratification for BC patients with different histological or clinical features. Then, a CRG signature-based nomogram with a better performance in prognostic prediction [concordance index (C-index): 0.76] was established. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that collagen-containing extracellular matrix (ECM), and ECM-related and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly associated with the signature. Further analysis showed that low-risk patients were characterized by particularly distinctive prevalence of FGFR3 (17.03% vs. 6.67%, p < 0.01) and POLE alterations (7.97% vs. 2.50%, p < 0.05), and enrichment of immune infiltrated cells (including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ naïve T cells, follicular helper T cells, Tregs, and myeloid dendritic cells). RNA-seq data in our local cohort supported the findings in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and normal tissue samples, and the difference in TME between high-risk and low-risk groups. Additionally, CRG signature score plus FGFR3 status divided BC patients into four molecular subtypes, with distinct prognosis, TME, and transcriptomic profiling of immune checkpoint genes. Of note, CRG signature score plus FGFR3 status could successfully distinguish BC patients who have a higher possibility of response to immunotherapy or chemotherapy drugs. Conclusions The CRG signature is a potent prognostic model for BC patients, and in combination with FGFR3 alterations, it had more practical capacity in the prediction of chemotherapy and immunotherapy response, helping guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ping Long
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Yu Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Hu, ; Bo Yang,
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Hu, ; Bo Yang,
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A DNA Replication Fork-centric View of the Budding Yeast DNA Damage Response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 119:103393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cycle checkpoints operate as DNA surveillance mechanisms that prevent the accumulation and propagation of genetic errors during cell division. Checkpoints can delay cell cycle progression or, in response to irreparable DNA damage, induce cell cycle exit or cell death. Cancer-associated mutations that perturb cell cycle control allow continuous cell division chiefly by compromising the ability of cells to exit the cell cycle. Continuous rounds of division, however, create increased reliance on other cell cycle control mechanisms to prevent catastrophic levels of damage and maintain cell viability. New detailed insights into cell cycle control mechanisms and their role in cancer reveal how these dependencies can be best exploited in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Jak HPV wysokiego ryzyka indukuje optymalne środowisko dla własnej replikacji w różnicującym się nabłonku. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Wirusy brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) są często czynnikami wywołującymi niegroźne dla człowieka infekcje, ale przetrwałe zakażenie niektórymi typami HPV jest poważnym zagrożeniem dla zdrowia, ponieważ jest związane z wieloma nowotworami, w tym z rakiem szyjki macicy oraz rosnącą liczbą nowotworów głowy i szyi. Cykl replikacyjny HPV jest ściśle zależny od różnicowania komórek wielowarstwowego nabłonka, co oznacza, że genom wirusa musi być replikowany za pomocą różnych mechanizmów na różnych etapach różnicowania komórek. Ustanowienie infekcji i utrzymywanie genomu wirusa zachodzi w proliferujących komórkach nabłonka, gdzie dostępność czynników replikacji jest optymalna dla wirusa. Jednak produktywna faza cyklu rozwojowego wirusa, w tym produktywna replikacja, późna ekspresja genów i wytwarzanie wirionów, zachodzi w wyniku różnicowania się nabłonka w komórkach, które prawidłowo opuszczają cykl komórkowy. Wirus wykorzystuje wiele szlaków sygnalizacyjnych komórki, w tym odpowiedź na uszkodzenia DNA (DDR, DNA damage response) do realizacji produktywnej replikacji własnego genomu. Zrozumienie mechanizmów związanych z cyklem replikacyjnym HPV jest potrzebne do ustalenia właściwego podejścia terapeutycznego do zwalczania chorób powodowanych przez HPV.
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Prospect of reprogramming replication licensing for cancer drug development. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111190. [PMID: 33497909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication is preceded by replication licensing which involves the identification of the origin of replication by origin recognition complex (ORC). The ORC loads pre-replication complexes (pre-RCs) through a series of tightly regulated mechanisms where the ORC interacts with Cdc6 to recruit cdt1-MCM2-7 complexes to the origin of replication. In eukaryotes, adherence to regulatory mechanisms of the replication program is required to ensure that all daughter cells carry the exact copy of genetic material as the parent cell. Failure of which leads to the development of genome instability syndromes like cancer, diabetes, etc. In an event of such occurrence, preventing cells from carrying the defaulted genetic material and passing it to other cells hinges on the regulation of chromosomal DNA replication. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underpinning chromosomal DNA replication and particularly replication licensing can expose druggable enzymes, effector molecules, and secondary messengers that can be targeted for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Effectively drugging these molecular markers to reprogram pre-replication events can be used to control the fate of chromosomal DNA replication for the treatment of genome instability disorders and in this case, cancer. This review discusses available knowledge of replication licensing in the contest of molecular drug discovery for the treatment of cancer.
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León TE, Rapoz-D'Silva T, Bertoli C, Rahman S, Magnussen M, Philip B, Farah N, Richardson SE, Ahrabi S, Guerra-Assunção JA, Gupta R, Nacheva EP, Henderson S, Herrero J, Linch DC, de Bruin RAM, Mansour MR. EZH2-Deficient T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Sensitized to CHK1 Inhibition through Enhanced Replication Stress. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:998-1017. [PMID: 32349972 PMCID: PMC7611258 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of EZH2, the enzymatic component of PRC2, have been associated with poor outcome and chemotherapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Using isogenic T-ALL cells, with and without CRISPR/Cas9-induced EZH2-inactivating mutations, we performed a cell-based synthetic lethal drug screen. EZH2-deficient cells exhibited increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of CHK1, an interaction that could be validated genetically. Furthermore, small-molecule inhibition of CHK1 had efficacy in delaying tumor progression in isogenic EZH2-deficient, but not EZH2 wild-type, T-ALL cells in vivo, as well as in a primary cell model of PRC2-mutant ALL. Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency resulted in a gene-expression signature of immature T-ALL cells, marked transcriptional upregulation of MYCN, increased replication stress, and enhanced dependency on CHK1 for cell survival. Finally, we demonstrate this phenotype is mediated through derepression of a distal PRC2-regulated MYCN enhancer. In conclusion, we highlight a novel and clinically exploitable pathway in high-risk EZH2-mutated T-ALL. SIGNIFICANCE: Loss-of-function mutations of PRC2 genes are associated with chemotherapy resistance in T-ALL, yet no specific therapy for this aggressive subtype is currently clinically available. Our work demonstrates that loss of EZH2 activity leads to MYCN-driven replication stress, resulting in increased sensitivity to CHK1 inhibition, a finding with immediate clinical relevance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E León
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Rapoz-D'Silva
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunniyat Rahman
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Magnussen
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Farah
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Richardson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ahrabi
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Stem Cell Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth P Nacheva
- Health Service Laboratories LLP, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Mansour
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Currey N, Jahan Z, Caldon CE, Tran PN, Benthani F, De Lacavalerie P, Roden DL, Gloss BS, Campos C, Bean EG, Bullman A, Reibe-Pal S, Dinger ME, Febbraio MA, Clarke SJ, Dahlstrom JE, Kohonen-Corish MRJ. Mouse Model of Mutated in Colorectal Cancer Gene Deletion Reveals Novel Pathways in Inflammation and Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 7:819-839. [PMID: 30831321 PMCID: PMC6476813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The early events by which inflammation promotes cancer are still not fully defined. The MCC gene is silenced by promoter methylation in colitis-associated and sporadic colon tumors, but its functional significance in precancerous lesions or polyps is not known. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of Mcc deletion on the cellular pathways and carcinogenesis associated with inflammation in the mouse proximal colon. METHODS We generated knockout mice with deletion of Mcc in the colonic/intestinal epithelial cells (MccΔIEC) or in the whole body (MccΔ/Δ). Drug-induced lesions were analyzed by transcriptome profiling (at 10 weeks) and histopathology (at 20 weeks). Cell-cycle phases and DNA damage proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot of hydrogen peroxide-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts. RESULTS Transcriptome profiling of the lesions showed a strong response to colon barrier destruction, such as up-regulation of key inflammation and cancer-associated genes as well as 28 interferon γ-induced guanosine triphosphatase genes, including the homologs of Crohn's disease susceptibility gene IRGM. These features were shared by both Mcc-expressing and Mcc-deficient mice and many of the altered gene expression pathways were similar to the mesenchymal colorectal cancer subtype known as consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4). However, Mcc deletion was required for increased carcinogenesis in the lesions, with adenocarcinoma in 59% of MccΔIEC compared with 19% of Mcc-expressing mice (P = .002). This was not accompanied by hyperactivation of β-catenin, but Mcc deletion caused down-regulation of DNA repair genes and a disruption of DNA damage signaling. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Mcc may promote cancer through a failure to repair inflammation-induced DNA damage. We provide a comprehensive transcriptome data set of early colorectal lesions and evidence for the in vivo significance of MCC silencing in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Currey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zeenat Jahan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phuong N Tran
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fahad Benthani
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope De Lacavalerie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel L Roden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian S Gloss
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Elaine G Bean
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amanda Bullman
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe-Pal
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Suzina NE, Polivtseva VN, Shorokhova AP, Ross DV, Abashina TN, Machulin AV, El’-Registan GI, Solyanikova IP. Ultrastructural Organization and Enzymes of the Antioxidant Defense System in the Dormant Cells of Gram-Negative Bacteria Stenotrophomonas sp. Strain FM3 and Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii Strain FF1. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Abstract
The inactivation of critical cell cycle checkpoints by the human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 results in replication stress (RS) that leads to genomic instability in premalignant lesions. Intriguingly, RS tolerance is achieved through several mechanisms, enabling HPV to exploit the cellular RS response for viral replication and to facilitate viral persistence in the presence of DNA damage. As such, inhibitors of the RS response pathway may provide a novel approach to target HPV-associated lesions and cancers.
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Ostermann E, Loroch S, Qian Z, Sickmann A, Wiebusch L, Brune W. Activation of E2F-dependent transcription by the mouse cytomegalovirus M117 protein affects the viral host range. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007481. [PMID: 30532172 PMCID: PMC6301716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have a highly restricted host range as they replicate only in cells of their own or closely related species. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the CMV host restriction remain poorly understood. However, it has been shown that mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) can be adapted to human cells and that adaptation goes along with adaptive mutations in several viral genes. In this study, we identify MCMV M117 as a novel host range determinant. Mutations in this gene enable the virus to cross the species barrier and replicate in human RPE-1 cells. We show that the M117 protein is expressed with early kinetics, localizes to viral replication compartments, and contributes to the inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. Mechanistically, M117 interacts with members of the E2F transcription factor family and induces E2F target gene expression in murine and human cells. While the N-terminal part of M117 mediates E2F interaction, the C-terminal part mediates self-interaction. Both parts are required for the activation of E2F-dependent transcription. We further show that M117 is dispensable for viral replication in cultured mouse fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but is required for colonization of mouse salivary glands in vivo. Conversely, inactivation of M117 or pharmacological inhibition of E2F facilitates MCMV replication in human RPE-1 cells, whereas replacement of M117 by adenovirus E4orf6/7, a known E2F activator, prevents it. These results indicate that E2F activation is detrimental for MCMV replication in human cells. In summary, this study identifies MCMV M117 as a novel E2F activator that functions as a host range determinant by precluding MCMV replication in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Ostermann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Loroch
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zhikang Qian
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lüder Wiebusch
- Labor für Pädiatrische Molekularbiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kim D, Liu Y, Oberly S, Freire R, Smolka MB. ATR-mediated proteome remodeling is a major determinant of homologous recombination capacity in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:8311-8325. [PMID: 30010936 PMCID: PMC6144784 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATR kinase is crucial for genome maintenance, but the mechanisms by which ATR controls the DNA repair machinery are not fully understood. Here, we find that long-term chronic inhibition of ATR signaling severely impairs the ability of cells to utilize homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. Proteomic analysis shows that chronic ATR inhibition depletes the abundance of key HR factors, suggesting that spontaneous ATR signaling enhances the capacity of cells to use HR-mediated repair by controlling the abundance of the HR machinery. Notably, ATR controls the abundance of HR factors largely via CHK1-dependent transcription, and can also promote stabilization of specific HR proteins. Cancer cells exhibit a strong dependency on ATR signaling for maintaining elevated levels of HR factors, and we propose that increased constitutive ATR signaling caused by augmented replication stress in cancer cells drives the enhanced HR capacity observed in certain tumor types. Overall, these findings define a major pro-HR function for ATR and have important implications for therapy by providing rationale for sensitizing HR-proficient cancer cells to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Susannah Oberly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 607 255 0274; Fax: +1 607 255 5961;
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Jiao Y, Ding L, Chu M, Wang T, Kang J, Zhao X, Li H, Chen X, Gao Z, Gao L, Wang Y. Effects of cancer-testis antigen, TFDP3, on cell cycle regulation and its mechanism in L-02 and HepG2 cell lines in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182781. [PMID: 28797103 PMCID: PMC5552311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TFDP3, also be known as HCA661, was one of the cancer-testis antigens, which only expressed in human tissues. The recent researches about TFDP3 mostly focused on its ability to control the drug resistance and apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the role of TFDP3 in the progress of the cell cycle is rarely involved. In this study, we examined the expression of TFDP3 in human liver tissues firstly. After that, we detect the expression of TFDP3 at the RNA level and protein level in L-02 cell line and HepG2 cell line, and the location of TFDP3 was defined by immunofluorescence technique. Furthermore, we synchronized the cells to G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase, and arrested cell mitosis. The localization of TFDP3 and co-localization with E2F1 molecules in different phases of hepatocyte lines. Finally, TFDP3 gene knockout was performed on L-02 and HepG2 cell lines, and detected the new cell cycles by flow cytometry. The result showed that the expression of TFDP3 molecule is negative in normal liver tissue, but positive in immortalized human hepatocyte cell line, and the expression level is lower than in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. The expression level of TFDP3 was in the dynamic change of L-02 and HepG2 cell lines, and was related to the phase transition. TFDP3 can bind to E2F1 molecule to form E2F/TFDP3 complex; and the localizations of TFDP3 and E2F1 molecules and the co-localization were different in different phases of cell cycle in the nucleus and cytoplasm, which indicated that the E2F/TFDP3 complex involved in the process of regulating the cell cycle. By knocking down the TFDP3 expression level in L-02 and HepG2 cell lines, the cell cycle would be arrested in S phase, which confirmed that TFDP3 can be a potential target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshen Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Ding
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (YDW)
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Kang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zirui Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Likai Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (YDW)
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