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Todd A, Bhide K, Hayford R, Ayyappan V, Subramani M, Chintapenta LK, Thimmapuram J, Ozbay G, Kalavacharla V(K. Development of a Reference Transcriptome and Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Linked to Salt Stress in Salt Marsh Grass ( Sporobolus alterniflorus) along Delaware Coastal Regions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2008. [PMID: 39065534 PMCID: PMC11280579 DOI: 10.3390/plants13142008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Salt marsh grass (Sporobolus alterniflorus) plays a crucial role in Delaware coastal regions by serving as a physical barrier between land and water along the inland bays and beaches. This vegetation helps to stabilize the shoreline and prevent erosion, protecting the land from the powerful forces of the waves and tides. In addition to providing a physical barrier, salt marsh grass is responsible for filtering nutrients in the water, offering an environment for aquatic species and presenting a focal point of study for high salt tolerance in plants. As seawater concentrations vary along the Delaware coast from low to medium to high salinity, our study seeks to identify the impact of salt tolerance in marsh grass and to identify genes associated with salt tolerance levels. We developed more than 211,000 next-generation-sequencing (Illumina) transcriptomic reads to create a reference transcriptome from low-, medium-, and high-salinity marsh grass leaf samples collected from the Delaware coastline. Contiguous sequences were annotated based on a homology search using BLASTX against rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), and non-redundant species within the Viridiplantae database. Additionally, we identified differentially expressed genes related to salinity stress as candidates for salt stress qPCR analysis. The data generated from this study may help to elucidate the genetic signatures and physiological responses of plants to salinity stress, thereby offering valuable insight into the use of innovative approaches for gene expression studies in crops that are less salt tolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonette Todd
- College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (R.H.); (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Ketaki Bhide
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Rita Hayford
- College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (R.H.); (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasudevan Ayyappan
- College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (R.H.); (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Mayavan Subramani
- College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (R.H.); (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wisconsin River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA;
| | - Jyothi Thimmapuram
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Gulnihal Ozbay
- College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (R.H.); (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Venu (Kal) Kalavacharla
- College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (R.H.); (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.O.); (V.K.)
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Cebani S, Jimoh MO, Sogoni A, Wilmot CM, Laubscher CP. Nutrients and phytochemical density in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. cultivated in growing media supplemented with dosages of nitrogen fertilizer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103876. [PMID: 38161387 PMCID: PMC10757035 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. is an annual halophyte that originated from southern Africa. However, little has been reported about factors that modulate the quantity of secondary metabolites in the plant. In this study, the twin effect of different nitrogen concentrations (0.36, 0.6, 0.8 g/L) and growing media (LECA clay, peat, vermiculite and silica sand) on plant growth, chlorophyll contents, minerals, proximate and antioxidant metabolites in hydroponically cultivated M. crystallinum was investigated. This is important to determine the dosage of N fertilizer that will optimize the bio-productivity and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidants in M. crystallinum grown in a hydroponic system. The untreated plant (0 g/L N) was taken as the control. At the end of the experiment, optimum yields in leaf number (9.2), fresh weight (50.40 g), Ca, N, and Protein (34.04 %) were recorded in M. crystallinum grown with peat enhanced with different dosages of N-fertilizer. Likewise, chlorophyll level, dry weight, ABTS/TEAC, FRAP, ADF and NDF contents were optimized in LECA clay treated with N-fertilizer. Silica sand with 0.36 g/L dosage of nitrogen fertilizer optimized P, Mn and Zn levels, so also the moisture (9.83 % at 0.8 g/L N), fat (2.38 %, 0 g/L N) and carbohydrates (44.98 and 44.95 %). The highest ash content, Mg and Fe were recorded in the untreated vermiculite as well as polyphenols and K, at 0.6 g/L; Cu and root length (14.60 cm), at 0.8 g/L. In conclusion, different dosages of nitrogen fertilizer and growing media could enhance the growth potential, chlorophyll, phytochemicals, and nutritional properties of M. crystallinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphamandla Cebani
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Muhali Olaide Jimoh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
- Department of Plant Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Avela Sogoni
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Margaret Wilmot
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Charles Petrus Laubscher
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Mishra P, Mishra J, Arora NK. Salt tolerant Pseudomonas taiwanensis PWR-1 in combination with a reduced dose of mineral fertilizers improves the nutritional and antioxidant properties of wheatgrass grown in saline soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:11. [PMID: 37953356 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) are known to ameliorate salt stress in plants by various mechanisms. The current study aims to investigate the role of an ST-PGPR strain Pseudomonas taiwanensis PWR-1 applied along with a reduced dose of mineral fertilizers (N, P, and K) in the improvement of the antioxidant and nutritional properties of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in saline soil. Application of P. taiwanensis PWR-1 along with 50% of the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers resulted in a significant improvement of growth parameters including shoot length (22.79%), root length (20.38%), fresh weight (13.15%), dry weight (92.34%), vigor index (13.36%), and relative water content (48.24%). The combined application of PWR-1 and mineral fertilizers increased the production of osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugars, glycine betaine), antioxidants (SOD, POD, APX, CAT, PPO, and reduced glutathione), and free radical scavengers (DPPH and H2O2) in wheatgrass. Furthermore, the concentration of micronutrients (Zn and Fe), macronutrients (N, and P), and vitamins (B1 and E) also increased in the above treatment. Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) and Na+ accumulation were significantly reduced whilst K+ content increased in the shoot, which helped in maintaining the K+/Na+ ratio in wheatgrass under saline conditions. The results indicated that the application of ST-PGPR could not only reduce the dosage of mineral fertilizers but might be useful for improving the nutritional and antioxidant properties of medicinal crops such as wheatgrass under salt-stress conditions. Implementing this approach could result in the reduction of chemical usage, while also facilitating enhanced uptake of micronutrients in crops, particularly in regions affected by salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Jitendra Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India.
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Swami K, Sahu BK, Nagargade M, Kaur K, Pathak AD, Shukla SK, Stobdan T, Shanmugam V. Starch wall of urea: Facile starch modification to residue-free stable urea coating for sustained release and crop productivity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121042. [PMID: 37364943 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Quick leaching of urea fertilizer encourages different coatings, but achieving a stable coating without toxic linkers is still challenging. Here, the naturally abundant bio-polymer, i.e., starch, has been groomed to form a stable coating through phosphate modification and the support of eggshell nanoparticles (ESN) as a reinforcement agent. The ESN offers a calcium ion binding site for the phosphate to cause bio-mimetic folding. This coating retains hydrophilic ends in the core and gives an excellent hydrophobic surface (water contact angle 123°). Further, the phosphorylated starch+ESN led the coating to release only ∼30 % of the nutrient in the initial ten days and sustained for up to 60 days to show ∼90 % release. The stability of the coating has been attributed to its resistance to major soil factors viz., acidity and amylase degradation. The ESN also increases elasticity, cracking control, and self-repairing capacity by serving as buffer micro-bots. The coated urea enhanced the yield of rice grain by ∼10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Swami
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | | | - Mona Nagargade
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Tsering Stobdan
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh, Ladakh 194101, India
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Amin AEEAZ. Effects of saline water on soil properties and red radish growth in saline soil as a function of co-applying wood chips biochar with chemical fertilizers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:382. [PMID: 37550615 PMCID: PMC10405371 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, using unconventional water sources in agriculture has become necessary to face overpopulation worldwide. Therefore, a pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water in the presence of co-applied wood chips biochar (WCB) with chemical fertilizers on physicochemical properties and nutrient availability as well as growth parameters, and yield of red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown in the saline sandy soil. METHODS The WCB was added to the saline sandy soil at levels of 0 (control), 2.5, and 5% w/w. Then, this soil was cultivated by red radish plants and irrigated with saline water (5 dS m- 1). This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment, WCB treatments increased significantly soil water holding capacity by 34.8% and 73.2% for levels of 2.5 and 5%, respectively. Soil pH decreased significantly in all WCB treatments. The relative increase in the total available nitrogen over the control was 30.1 and 103.5% for 2.5 and 5% wood chips biochar, respectively. Compared to the control, applying WCB at 2.5% led to an increase in the fresh root weight of red radish plants by 142.7%, while 5% caused a decrease in the fresh root weight of red radish plants by 29.4%. CONCLUSION Recently, WCB represents an interesting approach to the rehabilitation of saline soils and the management of using saline water sources. It is recommended that combined application of WCB at a level of 2.5% with chemical fertilizers in order to improve red radish growth and nutrient retention in the saline sandy soil which preserves the ecosystem as well as increases productivity leading to the reduction of costs.
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Guo X, Ma JY, Liu LL, Li MY, Wang H, Sun YK, Wang T, Wang KL, Meyerson LA. Effects of salt stress on interspecific competition between an invasive alien plant Oenothera biennis and three native species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144511. [PMID: 37025129 PMCID: PMC10070839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions and soil salinization have become increasingly severe environmental problems under global change due to sea-level rise and poor soil management. Invasive species can often outcompete native species, but few studies focus on whether invasive alien species are always superior competitors under increasing stressors. We grew an invasive grass species, Oenothera biennis L., and three native grass species (Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant., Chenopodium album L., and Inula japonica Thunb.) as a monoculture (two seedlings of each species) or mixture (one seedling of O. biennis and one native species seedling) under three levels of salt treatments (0, 1, and 2 g/kg NaCl) in a greenhouse. We found that invasive O. biennis exhibited greater performance over native C. album and I. japonica, but lower performance compared to A. argyi, regardless of the soil salinity. However, salinity did not significantly affect the relative dominance of O. biennis. Interspecific competition enhanced the growth of O. biennis and inhibited the growth of I. japonica. Although O. biennis seedlings always had growth dominance over C. album seedlings, C. album was not affected by O. biennis at any salt level. At high salt levels, O. biennis inhibited the growth of A. argyi, while A. argyi did not affect the growth of O. biennis. Salt alleviated the competitive effect of O. biennis on I. japonica but did not mitigate the competition between O. biennis and the other two native species. Therefore, our study provides evidence for a better understanding of the invasive mechanisms of alien species under various salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Ye Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Le-Le Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying-Kun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui-Ling Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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Mushtaq NU, Alghamdi KM, Saleem S, Tahir I, Bahieldin A, Henrissat B, Alghamdi MK, Rehman RU, Hakeem KR. Exogenous zinc mitigates salinity stress by stimulating proline metabolism in proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1053869. [PMID: 36968428 PMCID: PMC10036794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1053869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most concerning ecological restrictions influencing plant growth, which poses a devastating threat to global agriculture. Surplus quantities of ROS generated under stress conditions have negative effects on plants' growth and survival by damaging cellular components, including nucleic acids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. However, low levels of ROS are also necessary because of their role as signalling molecules in various development-related pathways. Plants possess sophisticated antioxidant systems for scavenging as well as regulating ROS levels to protect cells from damage. Proline is one such crucial non-enzymatic osmolyte of antioxidant machinery that functions in the reduction of stress. There has been extensive research on improving the tolerance, effectiveness, and protection of plants against stress, and to date, various substances have been used to mitigate the adverse effects of salt. In the present study Zinc (Zn) was applied to elucidate its effect on proline metabolism and stress-responsive mechanisms in proso millet. The results of our study indicate the negative impact on growth and development with increasing treatments of NaCl. However, the low doses of exogenous Zn proved beneficial in mitigating the effects of NaCl by improving morphological and biochemical features. In salt-treated plants, the low doses of Zn (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L) rescued the negative impact of salt (150mM) as evidenced by increase in shoot length (SL) by 7.26% and 25.5%, root length (RL) by 21.84% and 39.07% and membrane stability index (MSI) by 132.57% and 151.58% respectively.The proline content improved at all concentrations with maximum increase of 66.65% at 2 mg/L Zn. Similarly, the low doses of Zn also rescued the salt induced stress at 200mM NaCl. The enzymes related to proline biosynthesis were also improved at lower doses of Zn. In salt treated plants (150mM), Zn (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L) increased the activity of P5CS by 19.344% and 21%. The P5CR and OAT activities were also improved with maximum increase of 21.66% and 21.84% at 2 mg/L Zn respectively. Similarly, the low doses of Zn also increased the activities of P5CS, P5CR and OAT at 200mM NaCl. Whereas P5CDH enzyme activity showed a decrease of 82.5% at 2mg/L Zn+150mM NaCl and 56.7% at 2mg/L Zn+200 mM NaCl. These results strongly imply the modulatory role of Zn in maintaining of proline pool during NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ul Mushtaq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Khalid M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seerat Saleem
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ahmad Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Khalid Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reiaz Ul Rehman
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Li X, Liu L, Sun S, Li Y, Jia L, Ye S, Yu Y, Dossa K, Luan Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the key pathways and candidate genes involved in salt stress responses in Cymbidium ensifolium leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:64. [PMID: 36721093 PMCID: PMC9890885 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cymbidium ensifolium L. is known for its ornamental value and is frequently used in cosmetics. Information about the salt stress response of C. ensifolium is scarce. In this study, we reported the physiological and transcriptomic responses of C. ensifolium leaves under the influence of 100 mM NaCl stress for 48 (T48) and 96 (T96) hours. RESULTS Leaf Na+ content, activities of the antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and malondialdehyde content were increased in salt-stressed leaves of C. ensifolium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a relatively high number of genes were differentially expressed in CKvsT48 (17,249) compared to CKvsT96 (5,376). Several genes related to salt stress sensing (calcium signaling, stomata closure, cell-wall remodeling, and ROS scavenging), ion balance (Na+ and H+), ion homeostasis (Na+/K+ ratios), and phytohormone signaling (abscisic acid and brassinosteroid) were differentially expressed in CKvsT48, CKvsT96, and T48vsT96. In general, the expression of genes enriched in these pathways was increased in T48 compared to CK while reduced in T96 compared to T48. Transcription factors (TFs) belonging to more than 70 families were differentially expressed; the major families of differentially expressed TFs included bHLH, NAC, MYB, WRKY, MYB-related, and C3H. A Myb-like gene (CenREV3) was further characterized by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis thaliana. CenREV3's expression was decreased with the prolongation of salt stress. As a result, the CenREV3-overexpression lines showed reduced root length, germination %, and survival % suggesting that this TF is a negative regulator of salt stress tolerance. CONCLUSION These results provide the basis for future studies to explore the salt stress response-related pathways in C. ensifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650021, Kunming, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Shixian Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Shili Ye
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Yanxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institute, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Yunpeng Luan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650021, Kunming, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China.
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Hussain S, Ahmed S, Akram W, Li G, Yasin NA. Selenium seed priming enhanced the growth of salt-stressed Brassica rapa L. through improving plant nutrition and the antioxidant system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1050359. [PMID: 36714767 PMCID: PMC9880270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses may affect the germination, growth, and yield of direct-seeded vegetable crops. Seed priming with effective antioxidant mediators may alleviate these environmental stresses by maintaining uniformity in seed germination and improving the subsequent health of developing seedlings. Salt-induced stress has become a limiting factor for the successful cultivation of Brassica rapa L., especially in Southeast Asian countries. The present study was performed to elucidate the efficacy of seed priming using selenium (Se) in mitigating salt-induced oxidative stress in turnip crops by reducing the uptake of Na+. In this study, we administered three different levels of Se (Se-1, 75 μmol L-1; Se-2, 100 μmol L-1; and Se-3, 125 μmol L-1) alone or in combination with NaCl (200 mM). Conspicuously, salinity and Se-2 modulated the expression levels of the antioxidant genes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The upregulated expression of stress-responsive genes alleviated salt stress by scavenging the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The stress ameliorative potential of Se (Se-2 = 100 μmol L-1) enhanced the final seed germination percentage, photosynthetic content, and seedling biomass production up to 48%, 56%, and 51%, respectively, under stress. The advantageous effects of Se were attributed to the alleviation of salinity stress through the reduction of the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and H2O2. Generally, treatment with Se-2 (100 μmo L-1) was more effective in enhancing the growth attributes of B. rapa compared to Se-1 (75 μmo L-1) and Se-3 (125 μmo L-1) under salt-stressed and non-stressed conditions. The findings of the current study advocate the application of the Se seed priming technique as an economical and eco-friendly approach for salt stress mitigation in crops grown under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Akram
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Senior Superintendent Gardner (SSG) Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Jang SN, Kang MJ, Kim YN, Jeong EJ, Cho KM, Yun JG, Son KH. Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159625. [PMID: 37180402 PMCID: PMC10170659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Limonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional substances. In this study, we investigated the optimal NaCl concentration for the growth and enhancement of secondary metabolites in hydroponically grown L. tetragonum. Methods The seedlings grown for 3 weeks in a hydroponic cultivation system were treated with 0-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-mM NaCl in Hoagland's nutrient solution for 8 weeks. No significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for the NaCl concentrations below 100-mM. Results and discussions The increase in the NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in the water potential of the L. tetragonum leaves. The Na+ content accumulated in the aerial part increased rapidly and the content of K+, which acts as an antagonist, decreased with the increase in NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. The total amino acid content of L. tetragonum decreased compared to the 0-mM NaCl, and most of the amino acid content decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. In contrast, the content of urea, proline (Pro), β-alanine, ornithine, and arginine was increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The Pro content at 100-mM NaCl accounted for 60% of the total amino acids and was found to be a major osmoregulator as an important component of the salt defense mechanisms. The top five compounds identified in the L. tetragonum were classified as flavonoids while the flavanone compound was detected only in the NaCl treatments. A total of four myricetin glycosides were increased in comparison to the 0-mM NaCl. Among the differentially expressed genes, a significantly large change in Gene ontology was seen in the circadian rhythm. NaCl treatment enhanced the flavonoid-based substances of L. tetragonum. The optimum NaCl concentration for the enhancement of secondary metabolites of the L. tetragonum in the vertical farm-hydroponic cultivation system was 75-mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Nam Jang
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Na Kim
- Department of Plant and Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant and Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gil Yun
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Son
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Ki-Ho Son,
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Ding JYM, Ho LS, Ibrahim J, Teh CK, Goh KM. Impact of sterilization and chemical fertilizer on the microbiota of oil palm seedlings. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1091755. [PMID: 37180248 PMCID: PMC10172575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil nutrients and microbiota are known as essential components for healthy plant growth and crop productivity. However, limited studies have been conducted on the importance of soil microbiota in the early growth of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). In this study, we analyzed the root microbial community associated with seedlings grown under normal and sterilized soil conditions to ascertain the microbial strains potentially associated with soil, plant health and chemical fertilizer efficiency. Oil palm seedlings were grown under four treatments: (i) fertilized normal soil (+FN), (ii) unfertilized normal soil (-FN), (iii) fertilized sterilized soil (+FS) and (iv) unfertilized sterilized soil (-FS). Our findings revealed that chemical fertilizer promoted the growth of the copiotrophs Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota in the control +FN, which are known to degrade complex polysaccharides. After autoclaving, the soil macronutrient content did not change, but soil sterilization reduced microbial diversity in the +FS and -FS treatments and altered the soil microbiota composition. Sterilized soil with a depleted microbial population adversely affected crop growth, which was exacerbated by fertilizer use. In the rhizosphere and rhizoplane compartments, a total of 412 and 868 amplicon sequence variances (ASVs) were found depleted in the +FS and -FS treatments, respectively. Several genera were identified in the ASVs with diminished abundance, including Humibacter, Microbacterium, Mycobacterium, 1921-2, HSB OF53-F07, Mucilaginibacter, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and several unclassified genera, suggesting their possible roles in promoting the plant growth of oil palm seedlings. Soil sterilization might remove these beneficial microbes from the bulk soil pool, affecting the colonization ability in the rhizocompartments as well as their role in nutrient transformation. Therefore, this study provides useful insights concerning the benefits of a soil microbiome survey before making fertilizer recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Yoon Mei Ding
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Joyce Yoon Mei Ding,
| | - Li Sim Ho
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Julia Ibrahim
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Keng Teh
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Kian Mau Goh,
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Unravelling the Morphological, Physiological, and Phytochemical Responses in Centella asiatica L. Urban to Incremental Salinity Stress. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010061. [PMID: 36676010 PMCID: PMC9863369 DOI: 10.3390/life13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica L. as a traditional medicinal plant is popular in several Asian countries and characterized by the presence of phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids. Soil salinity can affect the growth and phytochemical composition in this plant species. In this study, the effects of incremental soil salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) on growth, physiological characteristics, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, including the antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica L., were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress reduced growth, biomass production, and total chlorophyll contents, while increasing electrolyte leakage, Na+ and Cl- contents in the shoots and roots. With the increase of salt concentration, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities were increased. The results showed that centella can tolerate saline conditions up to 100 mM NaCl. Na+ exclusion from the roots, and that increases of phytochemical content in the shoots were related to the salt tolerance of this species.
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Bulawa B, Sogoni A, Jimoh MO, Laubscher CP. Potassium Application Enhanced Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, Proximate and Phytochemical Content in Trachyandra divaricata Kunth (Sandkool). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3183. [PMID: 36432914 PMCID: PMC9693438 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wild leafy vegetables are commonly included in the diet of people in rural homesteads. Among various wild edible vegetables in South Africa, Trachyandra divaricata (Sandkool) is one of the most abundant but underutilized due to the dearth of literature on its cultivation and nutritional value. In the present study, the effect of potassium application and pruning on growth dynamics, mineral composition, and proximate and phytochemical content in T. divaricata were evaluated. Treatments consisted of three potassium concentrations (0.0072, 0.0144, and 0.0216 M) supplemented in the form of potassium sulphate (K2SO4) with four pruning levels (unpruned, 5, 10, and 15 cm) applied in each treatment. The potassium doses were added to the nutrient solution, while the control treatment was sustained and irrigated with nutrient solution only. The results revealed a significant increase in flower bud yield, height, total dry and wet weight of shoots and roots, as well as ash and neutral detergent fibre in plants irrigated with 0.0072 M of K2SO4 without pruning. Conversely, chlorophyll content and Ca were comparable among treatments, while the highest yield of Na, P, N, and Zn was recorded in treatment 100 mL of K2SO4 with 10 cm pruning. Likewise, the highest antioxidant value (Polyphenols, Flavonol and DPPH) was obtained from plants irrigated with 0.0072 M of K2SO4 with 10 cm pruning. Based on these findings, T. divaricata is a promising leafy vegetable as a minimum dose (0.0072 M) of K with moderate pruning optimised its productivity in terms of growth, biomass parameters, nutritional content, and antioxidant potential. Due to its rich nutritional value, the plant should be domesticated and studied further for its potential nutraceutical benefits.
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Bano A, Noreen Z, Tabassum F, Zafar F, Rashid M, Aslam M, Shah AA, Shah AN, Jaremko M, Alasmael N, Abdelsalam NR, Hasan ME. Induction of salt tolerance in Brassica rapa by nitric oxide treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995837. [PMID: 36466280 PMCID: PMC9709477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major plant abiotic stresses increasing over time worldwide. The most important biological role of nitric oxide (NO) in plants is related to their development and growth under abiotic conditions. The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of salt stress (0 and 100 mM) and NO (0 and 80 μM) on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK. The different growth attributes, biochemical and physiological parameters, and the mineral contents were examined. The results indicated increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na+ content and decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes (PTWG-PK and PTWG-HL) under salt stress. In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H2O2, relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na+. The combined effect of salt stress and NO application increased the chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, but decreased H2O2, relative membrane permeability, MDA, and Na+. The response of carotenoids, anthocyanins, and K+, Ca2+, and Cl- ions varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions. The PTWG-PK ecotype showed maximum overall growth response with the application of NO. Henceforth, it is proposed that the molecular mechanisms associated with NO-induced stress tolerance in plants may be exploited to attain sustainability in agriculture under changing climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyyah Bano
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Tabassum
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Rashid
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alasmael
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Wang SP, Yeh YT, Sridhar K, Tsai PJ. Effect of stress on germination of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) sprouts: a natural alternative to enhance the betacyanin and phenolic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4561-4569. [PMID: 35137423 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germination is regarded as a natural method for improving the bioavailability of seed nutrients against stress, which enhances the accumulation of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to determine the effect of stress (H2 O2 , catechin, gallic acid, tyrosine, and NaCl) during germination of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) sprouts on betacyanin, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacities. RESULTS The betacyanin and antioxidant activities of the djulis sprouts increased significantly compared to seeds. The lowest betacyanin was found in NaCl-stressed sprouts. The djulis sprouts reported the presence of celosianins I and II (50.72%), which was absent in seeds. Hydroxycinnamic acids accounted for > 60% of the total phenolic compounds in sprouts, whereas rutin predominated in the seeds. CONCLUSION Germination under stress may represent an effective natural method for improving the bioactive potential of sprouts, an alternative to use seeds, in the development of bioactive compounds-enriched healthy foods that are good for public health. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ping Wang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tyng Yeh
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- UMR1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf, INRAE, L'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | - Pi-Jen Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
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Neglected and Underutilized Plant Species in Horticultural and Ornamental Systems: Perspectives for Biodiversity, Nutraceuticals and Agricultural Sustainability. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dear Colleagues, [...]
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Salicylic acid mitigates salt induced toxicity through the modifications of biochemical attributes and some key antioxidants in capsicum annuum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1337-1347. [PMID: 35280588 PMCID: PMC8913376 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress causes extensive loss to agricultural yield production worldwide. Salt stress is one of them crucial factor which leads to decreased the agricultural production through detrimental effect on growth and development of crops. In our study, we examined the effect of a defense growth substance, salicylic acid (SA 1 mM) on mature vegetative (60 Days after sowing) and flowering (80 DAS) stage of Pusa Sadabahar (PS) variety of Capsicum annuum L. plants gown under different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mM) and maintained in identical sets in pots during the whole experiment. Physiological studies indicated that increase in root & shoot length, fresh & dry weight, number of branches per plant, and yield (number of fruits per plant) under salt + SA treatment. Biochemical studies, enzymatic antioxidants like CAT, POX, and non-enzymatic antioxidant such as ascorbic acid (AsA content), carotenoids, phenolics, besides other defense compounds like proline, protein, chlorophyll contents were studied at 10 days after treatment at the mature vegetative and flowering stage. The addition of SA led to lowering of in general, all studied parameters in the mature vegetative stage but increased the same during the flowering stage, especially in the presence of NaCl; although the control I (without SA and NaCl) remained lower in value than control II (with SA, without NaCl). Interestingly, total phenolics were higher in control I (without SA or NaCl) whereas chlorophylls were higher in treatments with SA and NaCl. Thus, physiological concentration of SA (1 mM) appears to be significantly effective against salt stress during the flowering stage. In addition, during the mature vegetative stage, however, proline accumulates in SA treated sets, to help in developing NaCl-induced drought stress tolerance.
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