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Erazo-Lara A, García-Pastor ME, Padilla-González PA, Valero D, Serrano M. Preharvest Elicitors as a Tool to Enhance Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Both Peel and Pulp of Yellow Pitahaya ( Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.) at Harvest and during Postharvest Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5435. [PMID: 38791472 PMCID: PMC11121277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow pitahaya is a tropical fruit that has gained popularity in recent years. Natural elicitors are compounds that can stimulate the resistance and quality of fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of natural elicitors, methyl salicylate (MeSa), methyl jasmonate (JaMe), salicylic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OA) at concentrations of 0.1 mM (MeSa and JaMe) and 5 mM (SA and OA), applied to the yellow pitahaya fruits under greenhouse conditions. After full blossom, four applications were made with a frequency of 15 days. At the time of harvest and after storage, the following variables were evaluated: firmness (whole fruit), total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA), phenolics and carotenoids (in the pulp), while phenolics, carotenoids, macronutrients and micronutrients were determined in the peel. The results showed MeSa advanced the fruit maturation, according to higher TSS, lower TA and firmness than MeJa-treated fruits, for which a delayed ripening process was shown. All treatments induced a higher polyphenolic concentration during storage. Regarding the alternative use of the peel as a by-product, the application of natural elicitors significantly increased the content of polyphenols, carotenoids, macronutrients and micronutrients in the peel, especially MeSa, which can be used as a bioactive compound in the food industry. In conclusion, the results indicate that natural elicitors can be an alternative to improve the quality and shelf life of yellow pitahaya fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Erazo-Lara
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Sede Morona Santiago, Macas 140101, Ecuador;
- Department of Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - María Emma García-Pastor
- Department of Applied Biology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Pedro Antonio Padilla-González
- Department of Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
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Liu H, Jin Y, Huang L, Miao C, Tang J, Zhang H, Yin H, Lu X, Li N, Dai S, Gentile A, Zhang L, Sheng L. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the underlying mechanism of drought treatment on anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest blood orange fruit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38429733 PMCID: PMC10908157 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are the most important compounds for nutritional quality and economic values of blood orange. However, there are few reports on the pre-harvest treatment accelerating the accumulation of anthocyanins in postharvest blood orange fruit. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome and metabolomics analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved in seasonal drought (SD) treatment during the fruit expansion stage on anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest 'Tarocco' blood orange fruit. RESULTS Our results showed that SD treatment slowed down the fruit enlargement and increased the sugar accumulation during the fruit development and maturation period. Obviously, under SD treatment, the accumulation of anthocyanin in blood orange fruit during postharvest storage was significantly accelerated and markedly higher than that in CK. Meanwhile, the total flavonoids and phenols content and antioxidant activity in SD treatment fruits were also sensibly increased during postharvest storage. Based on metabolome analysis, we found that substrates required for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as amino acids and their derivatives, and phenolic acids, had significantly accumulated and were higher in SD treated mature fruits compared with that of CK. Furthermore, according to the results of the transcriptome data and weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL3) was considered a key structural gene. The qRT-PCR analysis verified that the PAL3 was highly expressed in SD treated postharvest stored fruits, and was significantly positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Moreover, we found that other structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were also upregulated under SD treatment, as evidenced by transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that SD treatment promotes the accumulation of substrates necessary for anthocyanin biosynthesis during the fruit ripening process, and activates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes during the postharvest storage period. This is especially true for PAL3, which co-contributed to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanin. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the postharvest quality control and water-saving utilization of blood orange fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yan Jin
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Le Huang
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chouyu Miao
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haojie Yin
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Na Li
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Suming Dai
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ling Zhang
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Mayang Miao Autonomous County, Huaihua, China
| | - Ling Sheng
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Habibi F, García-Pastor ME, Puente-Moreno J, Garrido-Auñón F, Serrano M, Valero D. Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12089-12101. [PMID: 35822279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin concentration is considered an important fruit quality index of blood oranges and has gained popularity among consumers due to its antioxidant capacity, therapeutic properties, and prevention of some human diseases. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum by multi-enzymes complexes through the flavonoid pathway. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and β-glucosidase (anthocyanase) are the enzymes responsible for anthocyanin degradation. Blood oranges are cold-dependent for anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, and thus, the low temperature of storage can enhance anthocyanin concentration and improve internal fruit quality. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation can be accelerated by postharvest technologies, either physical treatments or chemical elicitors. However, low temperatures can induce chilling injury (CI) incidence in blood oranges. Postharvest chemical elicitors treatments can enhance anthocyanin accumulation and prevent CI. This review provides the most updated information about postharvest tools modulating the anthocyanin content, and the role of enhancing and preserving pigmentation to produce blood orange with the highest quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jenifer Puente-Moreno
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Garrido-Auñón
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Rapisarda P, Amenta M, Ballistreri G, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N. Distribution, Antioxidant Capacity, Bioavailability and Biological Properties of Anthocyanin Pigments in Blood Oranges and Other Citrus Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248675. [PMID: 36557809 PMCID: PMC9785241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments that give a red, purple, and blue color to many plant, flower, fruit, and vegetable species. Their presence within the genus Citrus was first reported in 1916, and it is well-known that the red color of the flesh and rind of blood (red or pigmented) oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is due to the presence of anthocyanins. They are also present in the young shoots, flowers, and peel of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), citron (Citrus medica L.), and other citrus species. Since then, the scientific community has expressed increasing interest in studying their profile and distribution, with many published studies focused on the quali-quantitative pattern in the different vegetative tissues belonging to the genus Citrus. Moreover, with the discovery of their relevant antioxidant activity, owing to their ability to capture free radicals, much research has been performed in the last two decades on their radical scavenging power, in vitro and in vivo biological properties, and anticarcinogenic capacity, also focusing attention on their bioavailability for humans. The present work is intended as a comprehensive review of the advances in scientific research on anthocyanin pigments naturally occurring within the genus Citrus, including their natural distribution, antioxidant capacity, bioavailability, and biological value and properties. The scientific evidence herein reported can be used to further increase the knowledge of this class of compounds and represents a valuable and comprehensive contribution to promoting anthocyanin-rich citrus fruit consumption as a healthy dietary habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rapisarda
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Nicolina Timpanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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Habibi F, Valero D, Serrano M, Guillén F. Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine Maintains Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Physicochemical Attributes of Blood Orange Fruit During Prolonged Cold Storage. Front Nutr 2022; 9:873915. [PMID: 35811946 PMCID: PMC9269930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.873915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous application of glycine betaine (GB) was evaluated on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical attributes of blood orange fruit cv. Moro at 3°C for 90 days. Vacuum infiltration (30 kPa) of GB was applied at 15 and 30 mM for 8 min. Parameters were measured after 1, 30, 60, and 90 days of storage plus 2 days at 20°C to simulate the shelf-life period. GB treatments significantly reduced weight and firmness losses in “Moro” blood orange fruit during cold storage. GB treatment maintained a higher concentration of organic acids (citric, malic, succinic, and oxalic acids) and sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), especially for the higher GB doses (30 mM). During storage, GB treatments enhanced total anthocyanin concentration, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity. With respect to enzyme activities, the application of exogenous GB showed increases in catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, while suppressing the polyphenol oxidase activity. Overall, the most effective treatment was 30 mM GB leading to maintaining bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and quality in “Moro” blood orange fruit during long-term storage. The positive results would permit the use of GB as a postharvest tool to maintain the quality attributes of blood orange fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fabián Guillén
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