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Gomez AL, Altamirano GA, Alcaraz MR, Montemurro M, Schierano-Marotti G, Oddi SL, Culzoni MJ, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Bosquiazzo VL, Kass L. Mammary Gland Development in Male Rats Perinatally Exposed to Propiconazole, Glyphosate, or their Mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 101:104184. [PMID: 37328086 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether perinatal exposure to propiconazole (PRO), glyphosate (GLY) or their mixture (PROGLY) alters key endocrine pathways and the development of the male rat mammary gland. To this end, pregnant rats were orally exposed to vehicle, PRO, GLY, or a mixture of PRO and GLY from gestation day 9 until weaning. Male offspring were euthanized on postnatal day (PND) 21 and PND60. On PND21, GLY-exposed rats showed reduced mammary epithelial cell proliferation, whereas PRO-exposed ones showed increased ductal p-Erk1/2 expression without histomorphological alterations. On PND60, GLY-exposed rats showed reduced mammary gland area and estrogen receptor alpha expression and increased aromatase expression, whereas PRO-exposed ones showed enhanced lobuloalveolar development and increased lobular hyperplasia. However, PROGLY did not modify any of the endpoints evaluated. In summary, PRO and GLY modified the expression of key molecules and the development of the male mammary gland individually but not together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Milagros Montemurro
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Schierano-Marotti
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sofia L Oddi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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2
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Cresto N, Forner-Piquer I, Baig A, Chatterjee M, Perroy J, Goracci J, Marchi N. Pesticides at brain borders: Impact on the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and neurological risk trajectories. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138251. [PMID: 36878369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are omnipresent, and they pose significant environmental and health risks. Translational studies indicate that acute exposure to high pesticide levels is detrimental, and prolonged contact with low concentrations of pesticides, as single and cocktail, could represent a risk factor for multi-organ pathophysiology, including the brain. Within this research template, we focus on pesticides' impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation, physical and immunological borders for the homeostatic control of the central nervous system (CNS) neuronal networks. We examine the evidence supporting a link between pre- and postnatal pesticide exposure, neuroinflammatory responses, and time-depend vulnerability footprints in the brain. Because of the pathological influence of BBB damage and inflammation on neuronal transmission from early development, varying exposures to pesticides could represent a danger, perhaps accelerating adverse neurological trajectories during aging. Refining our understanding of how pesticides influence brain barriers and borders could enable the implementation of pesticide-specific regulatory measures directly relevant to environmental neuroethics, the exposome, and one-health frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Cresto
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Asma Baig
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mousumi Chatterjee
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Elser BA, Simonsen D, Lehmler HJ, Stevens HE. Maternal and fetal tissue distribution of α-cypermethrin and permethrin in pregnant CD-1 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2022; 8:100239. [PMID: 36059860 PMCID: PMC9435064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used throughout agriculture and household products. Recent studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may adversely affect fetal development; however, little is known about the distribution of these chemicals in pregnant animals. The present study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by investigating the distribution of two commonly used pyrethroid insecticides, permethrin and α-cypermethrin, in maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant CD-1 mice. Dams were dosed from gestational days 6 to 16 via oral gavage with permethrin (1.5, 15, and 50 mg/kg), α-cypermethrin (0.3, 3, and 10 mg/kg), or corn oil vehicle. Pyrethroid levels were determined in gestational day 16 tissues collected 90 min after the final dose was administered. Across maternal tissues, levels of both pyrethroids were the highest in maternal ovaries, followed by liver and brain, respectively. In addition, levels of both pyrethroids in maternal tissues and placenta were significantly higher than those in the fetal body and amniotic fluid, suggesting that these compounds may exhibit low transfer across the mouse placenta. While additional toxicokinetic studies are needed to verify the time course of pyrethroids in the fetal compartment, these findings support investigation into indirect modes of action relevant to the effects of pyrethroids on mammalian fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Elser
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 1330 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Derek Simonsen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hanna E. Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 1330 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 1330 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. (H.E. Stevens)
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4
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Elser BA, Hing B, Stevens HE. A narrative review of converging evidence addressing developmental toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:371-388. [PMID: 36345971 PMCID: PMC9930199 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used in agriculture and household products throughout the world. Exposure to this class of insecticides is widespread, and while generally believed to be safe for use, there is increasing concern regarding their effects on neurodevelopment. Due to the critical roles that molecular targets of pyrethroids play in the regulation of neurodevelopment, particular focus has been placed on evaluating the effects of in utero and childhood pyrethroid exposure on child cognition and behavior. As such, this narrative review synthesizes an assessment of converging study types; we review reports of neonatal pyrethroid levels together with current epidemiological literature that convergently address the risk for developmental toxicity linked to exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. We first address studies that assess the degree of direct fetal exposure to pyrethroids in utero through measurements in cord blood, meconium, and amniotic fluid. We then focus on the links between prenatal exposure to these insecticides and child neurodevelopment, fetal growth, and other adverse birth outcomes. Furthermore, we assess the effects of postnatal exposure on child neurodevelopment through a review of the data on pediatric exposures and child cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Study quality was evaluated individually, and the weight of evidence was assessed broadly to characterize these effects. Overall, while definitive conclusions cannot be reached from the currently available literature, the available data suggest that the potential links between pyrethroid exposure and child neurodevelopmental effects deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Elser
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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5
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Curtis GH, Nogueiro S, Schneider S, Bernhofer M, McDermott M, Nixon E, Perez KN, Reeve RE, Easterling MR, Crespi EJ. Trans-ovo permethrin exposure affects growth, brain morphology and cardiac development in quail. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1447-1456. [PMID: 33844419 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is a commonly used, highly effective pesticide in poultry agriculture, and has recently been trialed in conservation efforts to protect Galápagos finch hatchlings from an invasive ectoparasite. Although permethrin is considered safe for adults, pesticides can have health consequences when animals are exposed during early life stages. The few studies that have examined permethrin's effects in embryonic chicks and rats have shown hydrocephaly, anencephaly, reduced cellular energy conversion, and disruption of developing heart muscle. To test whether trans-ovo exposure of permethrin affects early development in birds, we exposed Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to cotton treated with 1% permethrin that was incorporated into nests in two amounts (0.2, 0.8 g), each with a paired untreated cotton control group. When measured on incubation Day 15, we found permethrin-treated developing birds were smaller and showed signs of microcephaly, although mortality rates were the same. Despite no difference in heart mass, ventricular tissue was less compact, cardiac arteries were reduced and heart rates were slower in permethrin-treated birds. Differences in heart development were also observed at 5 days of incubation, indicating that abnormalities are present from early in cardiac development. Future studies are needed to examine permethrin's effects on developmental pathways and to determine if these effects persist after hatching to affect offspring health. This study provides evidence that permethrin can cross the eggshell to cause non-lethal but adverse effects on embryonic development, and studies should look beyond hatching when monitoring the efficacy of permethrin on wild bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Curtis
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sara Nogueiro
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sydney Schneider
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Marissa Bernhofer
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mara McDermott
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Nixon
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Kylie Noelle Perez
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Robyn E Reeve
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Marietta R Easterling
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Elser BA, Kayali K, Dhakal R, O'Hare B, Wang K, Lehmler HJ, Stevens HE. Combined Maternal Exposure to Cypermethrin and Stress Affect Embryonic Brain and Placental Outcomes in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:182-196. [PMID: 32191333 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to cypermethrin is a risk factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. In addition, maternal psychological stress during pregnancy has significant effects on fetal neurodevelopment and may influence end-stage toxicity to offspring by altering maternal xenobiotic metabolism. As such, this study examined effects of maternal exposure to alpha-cypermethrin and stress, alone and in combination, on offspring development, with a focus on fetal neurotoxicity. CD1 mouse dams were administered 10 mg/kg alpha-cypermethrin or corn oil vehicle via oral gavage from embryonic day 11 (E11) to E14. In addition, dams from each treatment were subjected to a standard model of restraint stress from E12 to E14. Cypermethrin treatment impaired fetal growth, reduced fetal forebrain volume, and increased ventral forebrain proliferative zone volume, the latter effects driven by combined exposure with stress. Cypermethrin also impaired migration of GABAergic progenitors, with different transcriptional changes alone and in combination with stress. Stress and cypermethrin also interacted in effects on embryonic microglia morphology. In addition, levels of cypermethrin were elevated in the serum of stressed dams, which was accompanied by interacting effects of cypermethrin and stress on hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Levels of cypermethrin in amniotic fluid were below the limit of quantification, suggesting minimal transfer to fetal circulation. Despite this, cypermethrin increased placental malondialdehyde levels and increased placental expression of genes responsive to oxidative stress, effects significantly modified by stress exposure. These findings suggest a role for interaction between maternal exposures to cypermethrin and stress on offspring neurodevelopment, involving indirect mechanisms in the placenta and maternal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Elser
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College.,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Khaled Kayali
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Ram Dhakal
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Bailey O'Hare
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College.,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine
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Kalyabina VP, Esimbekova EN, Kopylova KV, Kratasyuk VA. Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health - a review. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1179-1192. [PMID: 34150527 PMCID: PMC8193068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture to enhance crop production and control pests. Therefore, pesticide residues can persist in the environment and agricultural crops. Although modern formulations are relatively safe to non-target species, numerous theoretical and experimental data demonstrate that pesticide residues can produce long-term negative effects on the health of humans and animals and stability of ecosystems. Of particular interest are molecular mechanisms that mediate the start of a cascade of adverse effects. This is a review of the latest literature data on the effects and consequences of contamination of agricultural crops by pesticide residues. In addition, we address the issue of implicit risks associated with pesticide formulations. The effects of pesticides are considered in the context of the Adverse Outcome Pathway concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya P. Kalyabina
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Elena N. Esimbekova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Kseniya V. Kopylova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Kratasyuk
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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8
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Mathiesen L, Mørck TA, Poulsen MS, Nielsen JKS, Mose T, Long M, Bonefeld‐Jørgensen E, Bossi R, Knudsen LE. Placental transfer of pesticides studied in human placental perfusion. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:505-515. [PMID: 32558230 PMCID: PMC7689789 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the transplacental transport of pesticides, the pyrethroid cypermethrin and the fungicide azoles, propiconazole and bitertanol were tested in the placental perfusion model. Cypermethrin, propiconazole and bitertanol were also tested in the BeWo cell transfer model. The pesticides were chosen with the selection criteria: use in Denmark, significant treated areas and knowledge on hormone-disrupting effects. Propiconazole and bitertanol showed rapid transfer and adsorbance to the system in both placental perfusion and BeWo cell system, whereas cypermethrin had a slower transport across the placental cell layers in the two models. There was no difference between data of the single pesticides and their mixture in either placental perfusion or BeWo cell transfer model. Both the placental perfusion model and the BeWo cell model metabolized the pesticides and released metabolites into both foetal and maternal circulation. Using human exposure models, this study shows the potential exposure of the human foetus to pesticides cypermethrin, propiconazole and bitertanol and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Mathiesen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health SciencesCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thit Aarøe Mørck
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health SciencesCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Marie Sønnegaard Poulsen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health SciencesCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Tina Mose
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health SciencesCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Department of Public HealthCentre for Arctic Heath and Molecular EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Eva Bonefeld‐Jørgensen
- Department of Public HealthCentre for Arctic Heath and Molecular EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Public HealthCentre for Arctic Heath and Molecular EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Department of Environmental ScienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Lisbeth E. Knudsen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health SciencesCopenhagenDenmark
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9
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Hassouna I. Transplacental neurotoxicity of cypermethrin induced astrogliosis, microgliosis and depletion of let-7 miRNAs expression in the developing rat cerebral cortex. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1608-1615. [PMID: 33312879 PMCID: PMC7721691 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplacental neurotoxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin DNA alterations and immunohistochemical staining of astrocytes and microglia Cypermethrin induces astrogliosis and microgliosis in cerebral cortex MicroRNAs let7a, b, and c deplete in cerebral cortex of rat pups at postanal days
The use of type II pyrethroids, cypermethrin is becoming a growing concern among environmental research centers. While most studies have attempted to cover the areas of DNA damage and microglia activation following exposure to cypermethin in the adult or postnatal life, less is known about the exact degree of neurotoxicity that results from exposure to transplacental sublethal doses of cypermethrin. To study the transplacental neurotoxicity of cypermethrin, pregnant rats were orally administered 10 % of LD50 (25 mg/kg body weight) cypermethrin, one dose daily for one week during the gestational days 15–21. The pups were investigated at postnatal day7, 14 and 21 after birth. In brain, DNA alterations were detected, astrocytes and microglia quantification were performed and some let7 family member miRNAs are estimated. The results show a gain of three major bands in the range of 350bp to 2100bp with high intensities in cortex exposed to cypermethrin compared with similar pattern indicating unaffected genomic regions in thalamus and hypothalamus at 21days. Moreover, increases in the percentage of GFAP positive astrocytes and IBA1 positive microglia indicate astrogliosis and microgliosis respectively due to cypermethrin treatment in cerebral cortex. For the first time, drastically reduced expression of let7a, b and c members are also associated with gliosis and DNA alterations, which are detected in cerebral cortex, following transplacental neurotoxicity of cypermethrin. Taking together, these results suggest that cypermethrin neurotoxicity may be mediated partly through let7 miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hassouna
- Physiology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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10
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Badr AM. Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26036-26057. [PMID: 32399888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides toxicity is still considered a major global health problem. Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphates nowadays, as being considered to possess relatively low toxicity compared with other organophosphates. However, widespread use may lead to excessive exposure from multiple sources. Mechanisms of MAL toxicity include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, change of oxidants/antioxidants balance, DNA damage, and facilitation of apoptotic cell damage. Exposure to malathion has been associated with different toxicities that nearly affect every single organ in our bodies, with CNS toxicity being the most well documented. Malathion toxic effects on liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, lung, pancreas, and blood were also reported. Moreover, malathion was considered as a genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical compound. Evidence exists for adverse effects associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure in both animals and humans. This review summarizes the toxic data available about malathion in mammals and discusses new potential therapeutic modalities, with the aim to highlight the importance of increasing awareness about its potential risk and reevaluation of the allowed daily exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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The pyrethroid insecticides permethrin and esfenvalerate do not disrupt testicular steroidogenesis in the rat fetus. Toxicology 2018; 410:116-124. [PMID: 30243954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of maternal exposure to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides, permethrin and esfenvalerate, on fetal testicular steroidogenesis. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered permethrin at doses of 1, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day, or esfenvalerate at 0.1, 1, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg/day, by gavage, from gestation day (GD) 13 to 19. Testicular testosterone production and the expression of several key genes necessary for cholesterol and androgen synthesis and transport were assessed in GD 19 male fetuses. Dams treated with 100 mg/kg/day of permethrin or 15 mg/kg/day of esfenvalerate showed clinical signs of neurotoxicity. The highest dose of esfenvalerate also resulted in reduced maternal body weight gain throughout the treatment period. In the fetal testes, mRNA expressions of HMG-CoA synthase and reductase, SR-B1, StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD, P450 17A1, and 17βHSD were not affected by exposure to either pyrethroid. No significant change was observed in ex vivo testosterone production. In conclusion, in utero exposure to permethrin or esfenvalerate has no effect on the testosterone biosynthesis pathway in the fetal rat testis up to maternal toxic doses.
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Hutter HP, Moshammer H. Pesticides Are an Occupational and Public Health Issue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081650. [PMID: 30081501 PMCID: PMC6121267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hutter
- Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Želježić D, Žunec S, Bjeliš M, Benković V, Mladinić M, Lovaković Tariba B, Pavičić I, Marjanović Čermak AM, Kašuba V, Milić M, Pizent A, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Kopjar N. Effects of the chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine on DNA integrity in human and mouse cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19065-19081. [PMID: 29721798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine belongs to the chloro-s-triazine group of herbicides and acts primarily as a photosynthesis inhibitor. The mechanisms of action related to its exposure, relevant both in animals and humans, are still insufficiently investigated. This comprehensive study focused on the outcomes of terbuthylazine exposure at cell level in vitro, and a mice model in vivo. Experiments in vitro were conducted on whole human peripheral blood, isolated lymphocytes, and HepG2 cells exposed for 4 h to terbuthylazine at 8.00, 0.80, and 0.58 ng/mL, which is comparable with current reference values set by the European Commission in 2011. Terbuthylazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using dual fluorescent staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange on lymphocytes, and CCK-8 colorimetric assay on HepG2 cells. The levels of DNA damage were measured using alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assays. The potency of terbuthlyazine regarding induction of oxidative stress in vitro was studied using a battery of standard oxidative stress biomarkers. The in vivo experiment was conducted on Swiss albino mice exposed to terbuthlyazine in the form of an active substance and its formulated commercial product Radazin TZ-50 at a daily dose of 0.0035 mg/kg bw for 14 days. Following exposure, the DNA damage levels in leukocytes, bone marrow, liver, and kidney cells of the treated mice were measured using an alkaline comet assay. In vitro results suggested low terbuthylazine cytotoxicity in non-target cells. The highest tested concentration (8.00 ng/mL) reduced lymphocyte viability by 15%, mostly due to apoptosis, while cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells at the same concentration were negligible. Acute in vitro exposure of human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells to terbuthylazine resulted in low-level DNA instability, as detected by the alkaline comet assay. Further characterization of the mechanisms behind the DNA damage obtained using the hOGG1-modified comet assay indicated that oxidative DNA damage did not prevail in the overall damage. This was further confirmed by the measured levels of oxidative stress markers, which were mostly comparable to control. Results obtained in mice indicate that both the active substance and formulated commercial product of terbuthylazine produced DNA instability in all of the studied cell types. We found that DNA in liver and kidney cells was more prone to direct toxic effects of the parent compound and its metabolites than DNA in leukocytes and bone marrow cells. The overall findings suggest the formation of reactive terbuthylazine metabolites capable of inducing DNA cross-links, which hinder DNA migration. These effects were most pronounced in liver cells in vivo and HepG2 cells in vitro. To provide a more accurate explanation of the observed effects, additional research is needed. Nevertheless, the present study provides evidence that terbuthylazine at concentrations comparable with current reference values possesses toxicological risk because it caused low-level DNA instability, both at cellular and animal organism level, which should be further established in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Bjeliš
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Blanka Lovaković Tariba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Tariba Lovaković B, Pizent A, Kašuba V, Kopjar N, Micek V, Mendaš G, Dvoršćak M, Mikolić A, Milić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Želježić D. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbuthylazine on DNA damage, oxidative stress and parent compound/metabolite levels in adult male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Saillenfait AM, Sabaté JP, Denis F, Antoine G, Robert A, Roudot AC, Ndiaye D, Eljarrat E. Evaluation of the effects of α-cypermethrin on fetal rat testicular steroidogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chronic exposure to the fungicide propiconazole: Behavioral and reproductive evaluation of F1 and F2 generations of male rats. Toxicology 2017; 389:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Saillenfait AM, Ndiaye D, Sabaté JP, Denis F, Antoine G, Robert A, Rouiller-Fabre V, Moison D. Evaluation of the effects of deltamethrin on the fetal rat testis. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1505-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dieynaba Ndiaye
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité; Vandoeuvre France
| | | | - Flavien Denis
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité; Vandoeuvre France
| | | | - Alain Robert
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité; Vandoeuvre France
| | - Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- INSERM, U967, CEA/DSV/iRCM/SCSR/LDG; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Fontenay-Aux-Roses France
| | - Delphine Moison
- INSERM, U967, CEA/DSV/iRCM/SCSR/LDG; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Fontenay-Aux-Roses France
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Ghisari M, Long M, Tabbo A, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Effects of currently used pesticides and their mixtures on the function of thyroid hormone and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cell culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:292-303. [PMID: 25684042 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggest that exposure to pesticides can interfere with the endocrine system by multiple mechanisms. The endocrine disrupting potential of currently used pesticides in Denmark was analyzed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture of 5 selected pesticides. The pesticides were previously analyzed for effects on the function of estrogen and androgen receptors, the aromatase enzyme and steroidogenesis in vitro. In this study, the effect on thyroid hormone (TH) function and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivity was assessed using GH3 cell proliferation assay (T-screen) and AhR responsive luciferase reporter gene bioassay, respectively. Thirteen pesticides were analyzed as follows: 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, terbuthylazine, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, mesosulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, chlormequat chloride, bitertanol, propiconazole, prothioconazole, mancozeb and its metabolite ethylene thiourea, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, and malathion (currently banned in DK). In the T-screen, prothioconazole, malathion, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin, terbuthylazine and mancozeb significantly stimulated and bitertanol and propiconazole slightly reduced the GH3 cell proliferation. In the presence of triiodothyronine (T3), prothioconazole, tau-fluvalinate, propiconazole, cypermethrin and bitertanol significantly antagonized the T3-induced GH3 cell proliferation. Eleven of the tested pesticides agonized the AhR function, and bitertanol and prothioconazole inhibited the basal AhR activity. Bitertanol, propiconazole, prothioconazole and cypermethrin antagonized the TCDD-induced AhR transactivation at the highest tested concentration. The 5-component mixture had inducing effect but the combined effect could not be predicted due to the presence of bitertanol eliciting inhibitory effect. Upon removal of bitertanol from the mixture, the remaining four pesticides acted additively. In conclusion, our data suggest that pesticides currently used in Denmark can interfere with TH signaling and AhR function in vitro and might have the potential to cause endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Ghisari
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnese Tabbo
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Taxvig C, Hadrup N, Boberg J, Axelstad M, Bossi R, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Vinggaard AM. In vitro - in vivo correlations for endocrine activity of a mixture of currently used pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:757-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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