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Zaletel K, Mihovec A, Gaberscek S. Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident. Radiol Oncol 2024:raon-2024-0051. [PMID: 39365660 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During a nuclear accident, numerous products of nuclear fission are released, including isotopes of radioactive iodine. Among them is iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.02 days, which emits β radiation. For decades, it has been effectively and safely used in medicine. However, in the event of a nuclear accident, uncontrolled exposure can have harmful biological effects. The main sources of internal contamination with iodine-131 are contaminated air, food and water. The most exposed organ is the thyroid gland, where radioactive iodine accumulates via the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). NIS does not distinguish between radioactive iodine isotopes and the stable isotope iodine-127, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear accident is primarily associated with papillary thyroid cancer, whose incidence begins to increase a few years after exposure. Children and adolescents are at the highest risk, and the risk is particularly significant for individuals living in iodine-deficient areas. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring an adequate iodine supply is therefore crucial for lowering the risk of the harmful effects of exposure to radioactive iodine at the population level. Protecting the thyroid with potassium iodide tablets significantly reduces radiation exposure, as stable iodine prevents the entry of radioactive iodine into the thyroid. Such protection is effective only within a narrow time window - a few hours before and after the exposure and is recommended only for those under 40 years of age, as the risks of excessive iodine intake outweigh the potential benefits in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zaletel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Simona Gaberscek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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da Silva Lopes JP, Barbosa J, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Clinical and forensic aspects of potassium iodide: Suddenly in high demand across Europe due to fears of radiation poisoning from a nuclear attack in Ukraine. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:250-270. [PMID: 38989660 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Potassium iodide has demonstrated several therapeutic applications over time, being the choice for shielding the thyroid during radiation emergencies involving radioiodine release. Amidst the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the growing concern regarding the potential deployment of nuclear weapons, there has been a surge in the demand for potassium iodide across Europe. This work aimed to comprehensively review the current knowledge regarding the pharmacology, physiology, adverse effects, the protective role in reducing the risk of thyroid cancer and recommendations for potassium iodide use during radiation emergencies. Evidence on adverse effects is scarce, as potassium iodide is generally well-tolerated. Guidelines for thyroid blocking with potassium iodide during radiation emergencies suggest that, among populations vulnerable to radioiodine exposure, the benefits of potassium iodide outweigh the risks of adverse effects. Controversial topics surrounding the utilization of potassium iodide in radiation emergencies include the prophylaxis in iodine-deficient regions and following the detonation of dirty bombs, whether granule formulations versus tablets should be used and mental health concerns. Although the rise in demand seems to be a justified security measure, it is essential to recognize that potassium iodide protects the thyroid from radioiodine and does not impact the body's absorption of other radioactive materials or defend against external radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro da Silva Lopes
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
- FOREN - Forensic Science Experts, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bahrani-Pour M, Beheshti A, Sedaghat T, Hoveizi E, Naseri N, Mayer P, Centore R. New Hg(II) coordination polymers based on a thioimidazole ligand with good performance to detoxify Hg(II) and reversibly capture iodine. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:683-695. [PMID: 36541208 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03057h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the current paper, we have successfully synthesized three new mercury coordination polymers with fascinating structures and properties via a flexible sulfur donor ligand, namely, {[Hg(μ2-Cl)(μ2-Ls)]}n[BF4]n(1), {[Hg(μ2-Cl)(μ2-Ls)]}n[ClO4]n(2), and [Hg(SCN)2(μ2-Ls)]n(3) [Ls = 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-imidazoline-2-thione)methane]. These complexes have been characterized by means of different techniques such as single crystal X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, elemental analysis (CHNS), UV-Vis, PXRD, BET, and TGA. Suitable single crystals of all complexes were obtained using the branch tube method with a very high yield and good stability due to the high affinity of mercury to bind to the thione groups. The cationic moieties of polymers 1 and 2 were isostructural, with a HgCl2S2 coordination core structure. The voids of the quasi-hexagonal packing of the columnar chains were occupied by unbonded tetrahedral BF4- ions in 1 and perchlorate anions in polymer 2. Polymer 3 has a less distorted tetrahedral geometry than 1 and 2, with a HgS4 core structure. By considering the thiophilicity of mercury, a thioamide-based Ls ligand was used to detoxify Hg(II) into insoluble polymers 1-3. The results of an MTT assay for (HepG2) liver cells confirmed the excellent cytoprotective effect of this ligand against mercury. Based on IC50 calculations, their toxicity was in order of polymer 1 > polymer 2 > polymer 3. These polymers were also considered as adsorbents for the reversible removal of iodine from solution and the kinetics of the process has been studied in detail. Interestingly, all of them showed an excellent stability and high capacity, in order of 763.53 mg g-1, 877.10 mg g-1, and 905.31 mg g-1 for polymers 1-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahrani-Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6135783151 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Azizolla Beheshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6135783151 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Sedaghat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6135783151 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6135783151 Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadieh Naseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6135783151 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemie Butenandtstr, LMU München University, 5-13 (D) 81377 München, Germany
| | - Roberto Centore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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4
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Afanasiev DE, Kaminskyi OV, Loganovska TK, Kopylova OV, Chikalova IG, Muraviova IM, Dombrovska NS. PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS, COMPLICATIONS, MISCONCEPTIONS AND DEBATABLE ISSUES OF IODINE PROPHYLAXIS IN RADIATION EVENTS (REVIEW). PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2022; 27:25-59. [PMID: 36582080 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-25-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prerequisite. Since the advent of nuclear energy, industry and weapons, a possibility of radiation events i.e. incidents and accidents had emerged. Given the presence of radioactive iodine as part of environmental contamination, the response of authorities and medical services consists, in particular, in carrying out the emergency iodine prophylaxis among specialists and general population. And along with the fact that emergency iodine prophylaxis is a generally accepted measure in radiation events accompanied by the release of radioactive iodine, some methods of its implementation were and remain in certain sources and instructions/recommendations contradictory and even false. Such inconsistency increases the potential risks of health effects of radioactive iodine and exacerbates the sense of fear and uncertainty among the population involved in the incident. OBJECTIVE to consider and review the essence of emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events, physiological aspects of iodine metabolism in the body, properties of individual iodine prophylaxis agents that are recommended, and to justify the rationality of using some of them along with absurdity/inadmissibility of others; substantiate the creation of a unified preventive information strategy regarding the event in order to reduce anxiety and other negative psychological consequences among the affected population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review was performed by searching the abstract and scientometric databases and printed publications. RESULTS In the event of serious radiation events at nuclear power plants and industry facilities, radioactive iodine is highly likely to enter the environment. With the threat of radioactive iodine incorporation or with its incorporation that has already begun, it is absolutely necessary to carry out the emergency iodine prophylaxis. Such prevention should be carried out with stable iodine preparations such as potassium iodide or potassium iodate in special pharmaceutical formulas. Dosing of drugs in age and population groups should be carried out by specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines. The use of iodinecontaining food additives, iodine solution for external use and Lugol's solution is categorically unacceptable due to complete ineffectiveness, impracticality of implementation, and sometimes due to the threat of serious harm to health. CONCLUSIONS Clear preparedness plans for possible radiation accidents and incidents, as well as successfullyimplemented appropriate preventive measures, including emergency iodine prophylaxis, are crucial for the effective and successful response to such events. Emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events should be carried out exclusively under the guidance of specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety using special pharmaceutical formulas of potassium iodide or potassium iodate in doses recognized by the international scientific community. Other means of emergency iodine prophylaxis, including «handicraft»/home preparations, are absolutely unacceptable. Implementation of this protective measure should be accompanied by a coordinated information campaign in order to minimize purely radiation risks and to preserve the psychological well-being of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Afanasiev
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O V Kaminskyi
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T K Loganovska
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O V Kopylova
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I G Chikalova
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I M Muraviova
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N S Dombrovska
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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The Awareness of Healthy Individuals about Attributable Risk Factors of Cancer. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study aimed to determine the awareness of healthy individuals about the attributable risk factors of cancer and the reliability of their ideas.
Methods: A review of relevant literature was undertaken to assemble a list of possible causes of cancer. Seventy-six healthy individuals were interviewed. Individuals were asked to declare their opinion by scoring the potential 15 cancer risk factors between 0-4. One week later, the opinions were retaken to test reliability.
Results: According to the participants, smoking (94.8%) and mobile phone use (79%) had perfect consensus; being overweight (63.1%) and having a family history of cancer (92.1%) had substantial consensus; alcohol (90.8%), stress (93.5%), sunlight exposure (69.77%), plastic (84.2%), infection (57.9%), occupational exposure (67.1%), fatigue (54%), nuclear accident (96%) had moderate consensus. Air pollution (86.8%) and washing agents (77.7%) had fair consensus. Age (34.2%) was not a risk factor for cancer. All risk factors were reliable between the two assessments except age (p
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Braverman ER, Dennen CA, Gold MS, Bowirrat A, Gupta A, Baron D, Roy AK, Smith DE, Cadet JL, Blum K. Proposing a "Brain Health Checkup (BHC)" as a Global Potential "Standard of Care" to Overcome Reward Dysregulation in Primary Care Medicine: Coupling Genetic Risk Testing and Induction of "Dopamine Homeostasis". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5480. [PMID: 35564876 PMCID: PMC9099927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, over 100,000 people died prematurely from opioid overdoses. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairments are underreported comorbidities of reward dysregulation due to genetic antecedents and epigenetic insults. Recent genome-wide association studies involving millions of subjects revealed frequent comorbidity with substance use disorder (SUD) in a sizeable meta-analysis of depression. It found significant associations with the expression of NEGR1 in the hypothalamus and DRD2 in the nucleus accumbens, among others. However, despite the rise in SUD and neuropsychiatric illness, there are currently no standard objective brain assessments being performed on a routine basis. The rationale for encouraging a standard objective Brain Health Check (BHC) is to have extensive data available to treat clinical syndromes in psychiatric patients. The BHC would consist of a group of reliable, accurate, cost-effective, objective assessments involving the following domains: Memory, Attention, Neuropsychiatry, and Neurological Imaging. Utilizing primarily PUBMED, over 36 years of virtually all the computerized and written-based assessments of Memory, Attention, Psychiatric, and Neurological imaging were reviewed, and the following assessments are recommended for use in the BHC: Central Nervous System Vital Signs (Memory), Test of Variables of Attention (Attention), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (Neuropsychiatric), and Quantitative Electroencephalogram/P300/Evoked Potential (Neurological Imaging). Finally, we suggest continuing research into incorporating a new standard BHC coupled with qEEG/P300/Evoked Potentials and genetically guided precision induction of "dopamine homeostasis" to diagnose and treat reward dysregulation to prevent the consequences of dopamine dysregulation from being epigenetically passed on to generations of our children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Braverman
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA;
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - A. Kenison Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - David E. Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- The Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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Wang W, Zhu F, Wu L, Han S, Wu X. Trends in Nutritional Biomarkers by Demographic Characteristics Across 14 Years Among US Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 8:737102. [PMID: 35096920 PMCID: PMC8793029 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.737102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding trend in nutritional status is crucial to inform national health priorities to improve diets and reduce related diseases. The present study aimed to analyze trends in the concentrations of all measured nutritional biomarkers and their status among US adults across 14 years. Methods: Trends on the concentrations of nutritional biomarkers and nutritional status evaluated by the prevalence of deficiency, inadequacy, excess, and dyslipidemia were analyzed among US adults in 7 cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2003–2016) and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 38,505 participants (weighted mean age of 47.2 years, 51.4% women) were included in the present study. Across 14 years, increased trends were found in red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B12, vitamin D and albumin, the prevalence of iodine deficiency, vitamin B6 inadequacy, and hypophosphatemia, whereas decreased trends were observed in serum vitamin E, phosphorus, total calcium, total protein, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood lead, cadmium, mercury, and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D inadequacy, iodine excess, and dyslipidemia with elevated LDL-C, TC, TG, and lowered HDL/LDL. Non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and participants with low socioeconomic status were accounted for the poor nutritional status of most biomarkers compared to their comparts. Conclusion: Most nutritional biomarkers and their status were improved among US adults from 2003 to 2016, but some specific populations should be paid much attention to improve their nutritional status, especially for NHB and participants with low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhou Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Han
- Luohu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Wu
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Gamma spectrometry analysis of radioiodine in charcoal from high volume aerosol samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109984. [PMID: 34673480 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following accidental releases, gamma spectrometry of impregnated charcoal filters is used to measure gaseous 131I contamination, but is subject to sampling inhomogeneity. In this study two germanium detectors are calibrated using a charcoal multi-gamma standard. Activities in samples spiked with a matrix of 131I aliquots are compared based on measurement, spike known activity, and monte-carlo simulation, and used to test a simple mixing method. Measurement efficiency, and removal of 11% inhomogeneity effect by mixing, was successfully reproduced in GESPECOR calculations.
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Risk perception of the pre-distribution of stable iodine to guardians of children living around the Genkai Nuclear Power Plant, Saga Prefecture, Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250570. [PMID: 33983948 PMCID: PMC8118537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) is effective for preventing childhood thyroid cancer when radioactive iodine is released into the environment during a nuclear power plant accident. Japan employs the pre-distribution of stable iodine (PDSI) to residents living near nuclear power plants; however, the number of residents who have actually received stable iodine to date remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of guardians of children living around the Genkai Nuclear Power Plant (GNPP) in Japan. We distributed self-administered questionnaires regarding perception of risks associated with administration of stable iodide to approximated 400 guardians of children aged 0-6 in 10 kindergartens located in four municipalities. We obtained responses from 286 guardians, and after excluding invalid responses, 247 were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that living within 5 km of the GNPP (odds ratio [OR] = 4.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.43-8.24), awareness of preferential implementation of ITB to children (OR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.78-6.22), and awareness of the prophylaxis booklet published by the local government (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.37-4.68) were independently associated with PDSI for children. The main reasons for not receiving PDSI were "anxiety about the side effects of stable iodine" (40.2%), "distrust of the effectiveness of SI" (23.5%), "complicated procedures for receiving stable iodine" (15.7%) and "missed the date for receiving stable iodine" (8.8%). In the case of ITB implementation during a nuclear emergency, it is necessary to clarify the risk perceptions of guardians and adapt risk communication accordingly.
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Jung YE, Kang SW, Yim MS. Feasibility Study of Using Bi-mna Metal–Organic Frameworks as Adsorbents for Radioiodine Capture at High Temperature. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Jung
- Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kang
- Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Man-Sung Yim
- Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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Mouritsen OG, Rhatigan P, Cornish ML, Critchley AT, Pérez-Lloréns JL. Saved by seaweeds: phyconomic contributions in times of crises. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2020; 33:443-458. [PMID: 33191980 PMCID: PMC7647873 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-020-02256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds (macroalgae) are, together with microalgae, main contributors to the Earth's production of organic matter and atmospheric oxygen as well as fixation of carbon dioxide. In addition, they contain a bounty of fibres and minerals, as well as macro- and micronutrients that can serve both technical and medicinal purposes, as well as be a healthy and nutritious food for humans and animals. It is therefore natural that seaweeds and humans have had a myriad of interwoven relationships both on evolutionary timescales as well as in recent millennia and centuries all the way into the Anthropocene. It is no wonder that seaweeds have also entered and served as a saviour for humankind around the globe in many periods of severe needs and crises. Indeed, they have sometimes been the last resort, be it during times of famine, warfare, outbreak of diseases, nuclear accidents, or as components of securing the fabric of social stability. The present topical review presents testimony from the history of human interaction with seaweeds to the way humankind has, over and over again, been 'saved by seaweeds'. It remains a historical fact that in extreme conditions, such as shortage and wars, humans have turned to seaweeds in times of 'needs must' and created new opportunities for their uses in order to mitigate disasters. Lessons to be learned from this history can be used as reminders and inspiration, and as a guide as how to turn to seaweeds in current and inevitable, future times of crises, not least for the present needs of how to deal with changing climates and the pressing challenges of sustainable and healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole G. Mouritsen
- Department of Food Science, Taste for Life, Design and Consumer Behaviour, University of Copenhagen, 26 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Prannie Rhatigan
- Irish Seaweed Kitchen, Streedagh House, Streedagh, Grange, Co., Sligo, Ireland
| | - M. Lynn Cornish
- James S. Craigie Research Centre, Acadian Seaplants Limited, Cornwallis, NS B0S1A0 Canada
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - José Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Lebsir D, Guemri J, Kereselidze D, Grison S, Benderitter M, Pech A, Cohen D, Benadjaoud MA, Lestaevel P, Souidi M. Repeated potassium iodide exposure during pregnancy impairs progeny's brain development. Neuroscience 2019; 406:606-616. [PMID: 30797025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protracted radioiodine release may require repeated intake of potassium iodide (KI) to protect thyroid gland. It is well established that iodine excess inhibits transiently the thyroid function. As developing fetus depends on maternal thyroid hormones (TH) supply, more knowledge is needed about the plausible effects that repeated KI intake can cause in this sensitive population, especially that even subtle variation of maternal thyroid function may have persistent consequences on progeny brain processing. The aim of this study is to assess the consequences of repeated intake of KI during pregnancy on the progeny's thyroid function and brain development. To do so pregnant Wistar rats received KI over eight days, and then thirty days after the weaning, male progeny was subjected to behavior test. Pituitary and thyroid hormones level, anti-thyroid antibodies level, organs morphology, gene expression and global DNA methylation were assessed. Thirty days after the weaning, KI-exposed male progeny showed an uncommon hormonal status, characterized by a decrease of both thyroid-stimulating hormone (-28%) and free thyroxine (-7%) levels. Motor coordination was altered in KI-exposed male progeny. At the cerebellar level, we observed a decrease of mRNA expression of DCX (-42%) and RC3 (-85%); on the other hand, at the cortical level, mRNA expression of MBP (+71%), MOBP (+90%) and Kcna1 (+42%) was increased. To conclude, repeated KI prophylaxis is not adequate during pregnancy since it led to long-term irreversible neurotoxicity in the male progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Lebsir
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Guemri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stephane Grison
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Annick Pech
- Pharmacie centrale des armées, Direction des Approvisionnement en produits de Santé des Armées, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - David Cohen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Benderitter M, Pourcher T, Martin JC, Darcourt J, Guigon P, Caire-Maurisier F, Pech A, Lebsir D, Rosique C, Guglielmi J, Rebière F, Tack K, Phan G, Lestaevel P, Souidi M, Jourdain JR. DO MULTIPLE ADMINISTRATIONS OF STABLE IODINE PROTECT POPULATION CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIOACTIVE IODINE: WHAT IS PRIODAC RESEARCH PROGRAM (2014-22) TEACHING US? RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 182:67-79. [PMID: 30169846 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single dose of potassium iodide (KI) is recommended to prevent the risk of thyroid cancer during nuclear accidents. However in the case of repeated/protracted radioiodine release, a unique dose of KI may not protect efficiently the thyroid against the risk of further developing a radiation-induced cancer. The new WHO guidelines for the use in planning for and responding to radiological and nuclear emergencies identify the need of more data on this subject as one of the four research priorities. The aims of the PRIODAC project are (1) to assess the associated side effects of repeated intakes of KI, (2) to better understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the metabolism of iodine, (3) to revise the regulatory French marketing authorization of 65-mg KI tablets and (4) to develop new recommendations related to the administration of KI toward a better international harmonization. A review of the literature and the preliminary data are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Laboratoire BIAM/TIRO, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of medicine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- UMR INRA 1260/INSERM 1062/AMU « NORT », 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Darcourt
- UMR TIRO-MATOs, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), School of medicine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Guigon
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Orléans, France
| | - Francois Caire-Maurisier
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Orléans, France
| | - Annick Pech
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Orléans, France
| | - Dalila Lebsir
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clément Rosique
- UMR INRA 1260/INSERM 1062/AMU « NORT », 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Guglielmi
- UMR TIRO-MATOs, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), School of medicine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Francois Rebière
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Guillaume Phan
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-René Jourdain
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Repeated KI Prophylaxis in Case of Prolonged Exposure to Iodine Radioisotopes: Pharmacokinetic Studies in Adult Rats. Pharm Res 2018; 35:227. [PMID: 30298383 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a new and effective dose regimen for stable potassium iodide (KI) repeated prophylaxis in case of prolonged exposure to radioactive iodine. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of iodine was determined in rats by compartmental analyses after intravenous and oral administrations of the optimal dose of 1 mg/kg KI, which was previously selected in a dose-effect study. The thyroid protection against iodine-125 incorporation was followed during 24 h after a single oral dosing of KI. A repeated KI prophylaxis was modeled using initial estimates of iodine pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS A dose regimen consisting in administrations of 1 mg/kg daily for 8 days was selected and studied. Plasma iodine concentrations predicted by simulation were verified by experimental data and varied after the third dose of KI between 174 and 1190 μg/l. The inhibition study of iodine-125 binding in the thyroid as a function of the time showed that the protection effect of KI could be correlated to stable iodine plasma concentrations. Hence, a theoretical decrease in iodine-125 thyroid uptake from 63 to 88% could be achieved in a 24 h-interval between two KI doses. CONCLUSION Given the satisfactory levels of thyroid protection, this dose regimen could be envisaged in order to extent KI indications for repeated prophylaxis.
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Abstract
Radioactive iodines emitted following nuclear accidents are responsible for the dramatic increase of the late-onset thyroid cancer. Until the Fukushima disaster, a single dose of potassium iodide (KI) has been considered as an efficient countermeasure. Indeed, recently it has been suggested that repeated administration of KI may be necessary to ensure adequate protection in case of protracted exposure. Whereas, the effect of a single dose of KI has largely been studied ensuring its safety, studies regarding adverse effects of repeated iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) administration are scarce. Our objective was to assess the long term overall impact of KI in adult rats after repeated intake. Adult Wistar rats were subjected to either KI or saline solution over eight days. Biochemical homeostasis, hormones level, autoimmunity status, thyroid morphology and thyroid transcriptome profile were analyzed thirty days after the discontinuation of KI administration. Biochemical parameters, plasma levels of TSH; thyroid hormones; anti-TPO and anti-Tg did not differ between treated and control rats, the thyroid histology was not affected by the treatment and no long term transcriptome signature attributable to the treatment was noticed. Based on these data, we conclude the safety of repeated KI intake in adult rats; these data are prominent and may contribute to the ongoing development of KI guidelines and marketing authorization.
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Phan G, Rebière F, Suhard D, Legrand A, Carpentier F, Sontag T, Souidi M, Jourdain JR, Agarande M, Renaud-Salis V. Optimal KI Prophylactic Dose Determination for Thyroid Radiation Protection After a Single Administration in Adult Rats. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817746558. [PMID: 29276472 PMCID: PMC5734494 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817746558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose–response study was performed in adult rats to select an optimal stable potassium iodide (KI) dose which could be implemented in repeated prophylaxis, in case of prolonged exposure to radioactive iodine. Increasing doses of KI were given orally to rats 1 hour before internal exposure simulated by I-125 injection. I-125 incorporation in the thyroid was measured by γ-spectrometry, and KI protection effect was modeled by pharmacological functions. The measurement method by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry previously developed for the quantification of stable iodine in urine was adapted to correlate KI effect with its distribution in the thyroid. More than 75% blockade of iodine I-125 incorporation in the thyroid was achieved for KI single doses above 0.5 to 0.7 mg/kg. Stable iodine content in the thyroid 24 hours after KI administration displayed a biphasic response, with a maximum level for a dose around 1 mg/kg. Besides, the urinary excretion of stable iodine is described by a sigmoid function. The change in the rate of iodine excretion for doses above 1 mg/kg KI suggests a body overload in iodine and corroborates a possible saturation of the thyroid. The results show that 1 mg/kg KI could be regarded as an optimal dose for thyroid protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Phan
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - François Rebière
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - David Suhard
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Carpentier
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Sontag
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Jean-René Jourdain
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Agarande
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Renaud-Salis
- Health Division, Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Paris, France
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Leung AM, Bauer AJ, Benvenga S, Brenner AV, Hennessey JV, Hurley JR, Milan SA, Schneider AB, Sundaram K, Toft DJ. American Thyroid Association Scientific Statement on the Use of Potassium Iodide Ingestion in a Nuclear Emergency. Thyroid 2017; 27:865-877. [PMID: 28537500 PMCID: PMC5561443 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This document serves to summarize the issues and the American Thyroid Association (ATA) position regarding the use of potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in the event of a nuclear accident. The purpose is to provide a review and updated position statement regarding the advanced distribution, stockpiling, and availability of potassium iodide in the event of nuclear radiation emergencies in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Leung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew J. Bauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, The Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, University hospital Policlinico G Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Alina V. Brenner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James V. Hennessey
- Department of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James R. Hurley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Stacey A. Milan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Arthur B. Schneider
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Daniel J. Toft
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Miller CN, Rayalam S. The role of micronutrients in the response to ambient air pollutants: Potential mechanisms and suggestions for research design. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:38-53. [PMID: 28145849 PMCID: PMC6130895 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1261746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
People living in regions of low socioeconomic status are thought to be prone to higher exposures to environmental pollutants, poor nutrition, and numerous preventable diseases and infections. Poverty correlates with pollution and malnutrition; however, limited studies examined their interrelationship. The well-studied, deleterious health effects attributed to environmental pollutants and poor nutrition may act in combination with produce more severe adverse health outcomes than any one factor alone. Deficiencies in specific nutrients render the body more susceptible to injury which may influence the pathways that serve as the mechanistic responses to ambient air pollutants. This review (1) explores specific micronutrients that are of global concern, (2) explains how these nutrients may impact the body's response to ambient air pollution, and (3) provides guidance on designing animal models of nutritional deficiency. It is likely that those individuals who reside in regions of high ambient air pollution are similarly malnourished. Therefore, it is important that research identifies specific nutrients of concern and their impact in identified regions of high ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N. Miller
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA
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Pfinder M, Dreger S, Christianson L, Lhachimi SK, Zeeb H. The effects of iodine blocking on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism and benign thyroid nodules following nuclear accidents: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:R112-R130. [PMID: 27655110 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/4/r112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A potential radiation protection method to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes in the case of accidental radioactive iodine release is the administration of potassium iodide (KI). Although KI administration is recommended by WHO's Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents, a systematic review of the scientific evidence for the guidelines is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the effects of KI administration in the case of accidental radioactive iodine release on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism and benign thyroid nodules. We applied standard systematic review methodology for a search of the literature, selection of eligible studies, data extraction, assessment of risk of bias, assessment of heterogeneity, data synthesis, and the assessment of the quality of the evidence. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE. We found one cross-sectional study, one analytic cohort study and two case-control studies relating to our question. The number of participants ranged from 886-12 514. Two studies were conducted in children and two other studies in children and adults. It was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis. We identified low to very low-quality evidence that KI administration after a nuclear accident resulted in a reduction of the risk of thyroid cancer in children; however, the KI administration and dose was not well described in the studies. None of the studies investigated the effects of KI administration in the case of a nuclear accident on hypothyroidism and benign thyroid nodules. Low to very low-quality evidence suggests that KI intake following a nuclear accident may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer in children. No conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of KI intake with respect to the prevention of hypothyroidism and benign thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pfinder
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany. Collaborative Research Group for Evidence-Based Public Health, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany. Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. Department of Health Promotion and Occupational Health Management, AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gupta P, Gayen M, Smith JT, Gaidamakova EK, Matrosova VY, Grichenko O, Knollmann-Ritschel B, Daly MJ, Kiang JG, Maheshwari RK. MDP: A Deinococcus Mn2+-Decapeptide Complex Protects Mice from Ionizing Radiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160575. [PMID: 27500529 PMCID: PMC4976947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective capacity of a rationally-designed Mn2+-decapeptide complex (MDP), based on Mn antioxidants in the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, was investigated in a mouse model of radiation injury. MDP was previously reported to be extraordinarily radioprotective of proteins in the setting of vaccine development. The peptide-component (DEHGTAVMLK) of MDP applied here was selected from a group of synthetic peptides screened in vitro for their ability to protect cultured human cells and purified enzymes from extreme damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR). We show that the peptides accumulated in Jurkat T-cells and protected them from 100 Gy. MDP preserved the activity of T4 DNA ligase exposed to 60,000 Gy. In vivo, MDP was nontoxic and protected B6D2F1/J (female) mice from acute radiation syndrome. All irradiated mice treated with MDP survived exposure to 9.5 Gy (LD70/30) in comparison to the untreated mice, which displayed 63% lethality after 30 days. Our results show that MDP provides early protection of white blood cells, and attenuates IR-induced damage to bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells via G-CSF and GM-CSF modulation. Moreover, MDP mediated the immunomodulation of several cytokine concentrations in serum including G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-10 during early recovery. Our results present the necessary prelude for future efforts towards clinical application of MDP as a promising IR countermeasure. Further investigation of MDP as a pre-exposure prophylactic and post-exposure therapeutic in radiotherapy and radiation emergencies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PG); (MJD)
| | - Manoshi Gayen
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joan T. Smith
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elena K. Gaidamakova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vera Y. Matrosova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olga Grichenko
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara Knollmann-Ritschel
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Daly
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PG); (MJD)
| | - Juliann G. Kiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Radha K. Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Dreger S, Pfinder M, Christianson L, Lhachimi SK, Zeeb H. The effects of iodine blocking following nuclear accidents on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign thyroid nodules: design of a systematic review. Syst Rev 2015; 4:126. [PMID: 26420738 PMCID: PMC4588908 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most efficient radiation protection methods to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes in case of accidental radioactive iodine release is the administration of potassium iodine (KI). Although KI administration is recommended by WHO's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents and is also widely implemented in most national guidelines, the scientific evidence for the guidelines lacks as the guidelines are mostly based on expert opinions and recommendations. Therefore, this study will provide evidence by systematically reviewing the effects of KI administration in case of accidental radioactive iodine release on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign nodules. METHODS We will apply standard systematic review methodology for the identification of eligible studies, data extraction, assessment of risk of biases, heterogeneity, and data synthesis. The electronic database search will be conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE, and covers three search blocks with terms related to the health condition, intervention, and occurrence/location. We have no date or language restrictions, but restrictions to humans only. We will include studies comparing the effects of KI administration on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign thyroid nodules in a population exposed to radioactive iodine release. The quality of the studies will be graded. If feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. DISCUSSION This proposed systematic review will update the existing WHO guideline from 1999. New evidence on the efficacy of KI administration to reduce thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign thyroid nodules in the event of an accidental release of radioactive iodine to the environment will provide the basis for an update of the WHO guideline for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015024340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dreger
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Achterstrasse 30, PO Box 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Manuela Pfinder
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Achterstrasse 30, PO Box 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Collaborative Research Group for Evidence-Based Public Health, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Bremen, Germany. .,Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, Health Sciences Bremen, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Lara Christianson
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Achterstrasse 30, PO Box 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Stefan K Lhachimi
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Achterstrasse 30, PO Box 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Collaborative Research Group for Evidence-Based Public Health, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Bremen, Germany. .,Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, Health Sciences Bremen, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS GmbH (BIPS), Achterstrasse 30, PO Box 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Health Sciences Bremen, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany.
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Ferrari SM, Politti U, Spisni R, Materazzi G, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Miccoli P, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Sorafenib in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:863-74. [PMID: 26152651 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1064770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib has been evaluated in several Phase II and III studies in patients with locally advanced/metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), reporting partial responses, stabilization of the disease and improvement of progression-free survival. Best responses were observed in lung metastases and minimal responses in bone lesions. On the basis of these studies, sorafenib was approved for the treatment of metastatic DTC in November 2013. Few studies suggested that reduction of thyroglobulin levels, or of average standardized uptake value at the fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, could be helpful for the identification of responding patients; but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Tumor genetic marker levels did not have any prognostic or predictive role in DTC patients.The most common adverse events observed included skin toxicity and gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms. Encouraging results have also been observed in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Many studies are ongoing to evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib in DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Correction: Braverman, E.R., et al. Managing Terrorism or Accidental Nuclear Errors, Preparing for Iodine-131 Emergencies: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 4158–4200. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014. [PMCID: PMC4143833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110807803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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