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Ruiz P, Lacomba I, López A, Yusà V, Coscollà C. Exposure and Risk Assessment to Airborne dl-PCBs and Dioxins in the Population Living in the Neighborhood of a Cement Plant: A Pilot Study in the Valencian Region of Spain. TOXICS 2023; 11:389. [PMID: 37112616 PMCID: PMC10143573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from cement manufacturing facilities may increase health risks in nearby populations. For this reason, dioxin-like PCB (dl-PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) concentrations in PM10 samples were assessed in the vicinity of a cement manufacturing plant located in the Valencian Region (eastern Spain). The total concentrations of the sum of dl-PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs ranged between 1.85 and 42.53 fg TEQ/m3 at the assessed stations. The average daily inhalation dose (DID) for the sum in adults ranged from 8.93 · 10-4 to 3.75 · 10-3 pg WHO TEQ kg-1 b.w. d-1, and, for children, the DID ranged from 2.01 · 10-3 to 8.44 · 10-3 pg WHO TEQ kg-1 b.w. d-1. Risk assessment for adults and children was performed using both daily and chronic exposure. The hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated considering 0.025 pg WHO TEQ kg-1 b.w. d-1 to be the acceptable maximum permitted inhalation exposure. The HQ obtained was slightly higher than 1 for PCDD/Fs at one of the stations (Chiva), indicating a possible health risk for the population under study due to inhalation exposure. In the case of chronic exposure, cancer risk (>10-6) was observed for some samples in one of the assessed sampling sites (Chiva).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ruiz
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Lacomba
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO—Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (I.L.); (V.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO—Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (I.L.); (V.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO—Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (I.L.); (V.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO—Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (I.L.); (V.Y.); (C.C.)
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Liou JL, Chen HH, Wu PI. The Monetary Benefits of Reducing Emissions of Dioxin-like Compounds-Century Poisons-Over Half a Century: Evaluation of the Benefit per Ton Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116701. [PMID: 35682284 PMCID: PMC9180383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the monetary value of health benefits following reductions in century poison dioxin-like compounds for people aged 0–14 years old, 15–64 years old, and persons 65 years or over in Taiwan. The benefit per ton (BPT) method is employed to estimate the monetary value of the benefits of such a reduction from 2021 to 2070 for different age groups in different regions. The results indicate a BPT of US$837,915 per gram of dioxin each year. The results further show that for Taiwan as a whole, the net BPT per gram of dioxin reduction from 2021 to 2025 is US$704 for children, US$42,761 for working-age adults, US$34,817 for older adults, and US$78,282 overall. Reductions in dioxin-like compounds from 2051–2070 will generate 83.93% of the net BPT for the entire country. This is approximately five times the net BPT of emissions reduction from 2021 to 2025. The monetary benefits evaluated in this study indicate that the prevention of health losses caused by the spread and diffusion of dioxin-like compounds have increased significantly. This implies that action must be taken now, along with continued vigilance, to address emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Liang Liou
- The Center for Green Economy, Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taipei City 10672, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Hui Chen
- Department of Land Economics, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ing Wu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-3366-2663
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Qiao LN, Ma WL, Zhang ZF, Liu LY, Song WW, Jia HL, Zhu NZ, Li WL, Macdonald RW, Nikolaev A, Li YF. Slopes and intercepts from log-log correlations of gas/particle quotient and octanol-air partition coefficient (vapor-pressure) for semi-volatile organic compounds: II. Theoretical predictions vs. monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128860. [PMID: 33218730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The logarithm of gas/particle (G/P) partition quotient (logKP) has been found to have a linear relationship with logKOA (octanol-air partition coefficient) with slope mo and intercept bo and logPL (subcooled liquid vapor pressure) with slope mp and intercept bp. In the sister paper of the present work, analytical equations to predict the slope mo and intercept bo based on logKOA and predict the slope mp and intercept bp based on logPL are developed using steady state theory. In this work, the equations are evaluated using world-wide monitoring data (262 pairs for mo and bo values and 292 pairs for mp and bp values produced from more than 10,000 monitiring data worldwide) for selected seven groups of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polyclorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), and other selected halogenated flame retardants. The slopes and intercepts predicted by the steady state equations reproduce the trends observed in monitoring regression results for the seven SVOC groups, with 44.4% of the variation of monitoring mo values accounted for by logKOA and 48.2% of the variation of monitoring mp values accounted for by logPL. Theoretically, the values of mo can be any value between 0 and 1 dependent on the values of KOA, and are not constrained to 1 as in equilibrium theory. Likewise, the values of mp can be any value between 0 and -1 dependent on the values of PL, and not constrained to -1 predicted by the equilibrium theory. The influence of sampling artifacts on the G/P partitioning of SVOCs has most likely been overemphasized by the equilibrium theory. Thus, the equilibrium approach should be abandoned in favor of the steady state approach for calculating the G/P partition quotients for SVOCs with high KOA values (>1011.38) or low PL values (<10-4.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Qiao
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Department of Marine Sciences, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Song
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Hong-Liang Jia
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ning-Zheng Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Robie W Macdonald
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - Anatoly Nikolaev
- Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, Russia
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology (PA-HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Department of Marine Sciences, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 6X9, Canada.
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López A, Coscollà C, Hernández CS, Pardo O, Yusà V. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in the ambient air of the Valencian Region (Spain): Levels, human exposure, and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128902. [PMID: 33189398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), as well as dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs), are listed as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. In this study, we measured their concentrations in the particulate phase (PM10) of the ambient air in seven monitoring stations of the Valencian Community (Spain). A total of 82 samples were collected from different sampling sites: four industrial, two urban, and one remote, from February to December 2019. The total concentrations of the sum of PCDD, PCDF, and dl-PCBs ranged from 2.90 fg TEQ/m3 to 317.98 fg TEQ/m3. Risk assessment for adults and children was performed using both daily and chronic exposure. Each station showed its specific dioxin profile, related to the main productive activities in each area. The daily inhalation dose (DID) in adults and children was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1-4 pg WHO TEQ kg-1 b.w. d-1 for dioxins. In the case of chronic exposure, the cancer risk for dioxins and dl-PCBs was estimated at values ranging from 5.27 E-07 to 5.52 E-05. The cancer risk for dioxins and PCBs estimated at the 95th percentile was higher than 1.0 E-06 in all of the industrial and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina S Hernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21 Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Matelski L, Keil Stietz KP, Sethi S, Taylor SL, Van de Water J, Lein PJ. The influence of sex, genotype, and dose on serum and hippocampal cytokine levels in juvenile mice developmentally exposed to a human-relevant mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:85-103. [PMID: 34296199 PMCID: PMC8294704 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are pervasive environmental contaminants implicated as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Immune dysregulation is another NDD risk factor, and developmental PCB exposures are associated with early life immune dysregulation. Studies of the immunomodulatory effects of PCBs have focused on the higher-chlorinated congeners found in legacy commercial mixtures. Comparatively little is known about the immune effects of contemporary, lower-chlorinated PCBs. This is a critical data gap given recent reports that lower-chlorinated congeners comprise >70% of the total PCB burden in serum of pregnant women enrolled in the MARBLES study who are at increased risk for having a child with an NDD. To examine the influence of PCBs, sex, and genotype on cytokine levels, mice were exposed throughout gestation and lactation to a PCB mixture in the maternal diet, which was based on the 12 most abundant PCBs in sera from MARBLES subjects. Using multiplex array, cytokines were quantified in the serum and hippocampus of weanling mice expressing either a human gain-of-function mutation in ryanodine receptor 1 (T4826I mice), a human CGG premutation repeat expansion in the fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (CGG mice), or both mutations (DM mice). Congenic wildtype (WT) mice were used as controls. There were dose-dependent effects of PCB exposure on cytokine concentrations in the serum but not hippocampus. Differential effects of genotype were observed in the serum and hippocampus. Hippocampal cytokines were consistently elevated in T4826I mice and also in WT animals for some cytokines compared to CGG and DM mice, while serum cytokines were usually elevated in the mutant genotypes compared to the WT group. Males had elevated levels of 19 cytokines in the serum and 4 in the hippocampus compared to females, but there were also interactions between sex and genotype for 7 hippocampal cytokines. Only the chemokine CCL5 in the serum showed an interaction between PCB dose, genotype, and sex. Collectively, these findings indicate differential influences of PCB exposure and genotype on cytokine levels in serum and hippocampal tissue of weanling mice. These results suggest that developmental PCB exposure has chronic effects on baseline serum, but not hippocampal, cytokine levels in juvenile mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Matelski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimberly P. Keil Stietz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sandra L. Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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6
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Sethi S, Keil KP, Lein PJ. 3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) promotes dendritic arborization in primary rat cortical neurons via a CREB-dependent mechanism. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3337-3345. [PMID: 30225637 PMCID: PMC6196112 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PCB 11 (3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl), a contemporary congener produced as a byproduct of current pigment production processes, has recently emerged as a prevalent worldwide pollutant. We recently demonstrated that exposure to PCB 11 increases dendritic arborization in vitro, but the mechanism(s) mediating this effect remain unknown. To address this data gap, primary cortical neuron-glia co-cultures derived from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 48 h to either vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PCB 11 at concentrations ranging from 1 fM to 1 nM in the absence or presence of pharmacologic antagonists of established molecular targets of higher chlorinated PCBs. Reporter cell lines were used to test activity of PCB 11 at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and thyroid hormone receptor (THR). PCB 11 lacked activity at the AhR and THR, and antagonism of these receptors had no effect on the dendrite-promoting activity of PCB 11. Pharmacologic antagonism of various calcium channels or treatment with antioxidants also did not alter PCB 11-induced dendritic arborization. In contrast, pharmacologic blockade or shRNA knockdown of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) significantly decreased dendritic growth in PCB 11-exposed cultures, suggesting PCB 11 promotes dendritic growth via CREB-mediated mechanisms. Since CREB signaling is crucial for normal neurodevelopment, and perturbations of CREB signaling have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, our findings suggest that this contemporary pollutant poses a threat to the developing brain, particularly in individuals with heritable mutations that promote CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Sethi S, Chen X, Kass PH, Puschner B. Polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether profiles in serum from cattle, sheep, and goats across California. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:63-73. [PMID: 28426942 PMCID: PMC5494844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously been shown by our lab and others that persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are contaminants in milk produced for human consumption. To further this research we determined the concentration of 21 PCB and 14 PBDE congeners in livestock serum, mainly bovine, across California. Congeners were extracted from serum using solid phase extraction (SPE), cleaned up by silica cartridge and quantified using gas chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry. We detected significant differences among species and the production class of cattle (beef or dairy). The sum of all 21 PCB congeners (ΣPCBs) in caprine and ovine sera had a mean value of 9.26 and 9.13 ng/mL, respectively, compared to 3.98 ng/mL in bovine sera. The mean value for the sum of all 14 PBDE congeners (ΣPBDEs) in caprine and ovine sera was 2.82 and 2.39 ng/mL, respectively, compared to 0.91 ng/mL in bovine sera. Mean ΣPCBs in dairy cattle was 5.92 ng/mL compared to 2.70 ng/mL in beef cattle. Mean ΣPBDEs in dairy cattle was 1.33 ng/mL compared to 0.70 ng/mL in beef cattle. There were no regional differences in the ΣPCBs or ΣPBDEs in cattle distributed across California. These results highlight the fact that livestock are still being exposed to these pollutants yet little is known about where this exposure may be coming from.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - X Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - P H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - B Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Sethi S, Keil KP, Chen H, Hayakawa K, Li X, Lin Y, Lehmler HJ, Puschner B, Lein PJ. Detection of 3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl in Human Maternal Plasma and Its Effects on Axonal and Dendritic Growth in Primary Rat Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:401-411. [PMID: 28510766 PMCID: PMC5837364 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11), a byproduct of pigment production, is increasingly detected in environmental samples. While more highly chlorinated PCB congeners are known developmental neurotoxicants, nothing is known about the potential developmental neurotoxicity of PCB 11. To address this critical data gap, we measured PCB 11 levels in human maternal plasma and quantified the effects of PCB 11 and its major metabolites on morphometric parameters of neuronal connectivity in cultured primary neurons. Mass spectrometry analyses of plasma from 241 pregnant women enrolled in the MARBLES study (University of California, Davis) detected PCB 11 in all samples at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 1.717 ng/ml. Morphometric analyses of primary neuron-glia co-cultures dissociated from the neocortices or hippocampi of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats exposed to vehicle or concentrations ranging from 1 attamolar (aM) to 1 micromolar (µM) of PCB 11, OH-PCB 11, or PCB 11 sulfate indicated that PCB 11 and both metabolites significantly increased axonal and dendritic growth in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. PCB 11 significantly altered neuronal morphogenesis at concentrations as low as 1 femtomolar (fM), which is ∼0.22 ng/ml. These data suggest the potential for the developing human brain to be exposed to PCB 11, and demonstrate that environmentally relevant levels of PCB 11 alter axonal and dendritic growth in neuronal cell types critically involved in cognitive and higher-order behaviors. These findings identify PCB 11 as a potential environmental risk factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kimberly P. Keil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Keri Hayakawa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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9
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Rovira J, Vilavert L, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Temporal trends in the levels of metals, PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator. Preliminary assessment of human health risks. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:168-175. [PMID: 26130170 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and metals were determined in soil and air samples collected near a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) located in Mataró (Catalonia, Spain), being the health risks for the population living in the vicinity of the facility subsequently assessed. We also established the temporal trends with respect to previous surveys performed in the same zone. In general terms, the highest environmental levels of the pollutants were found in the city of Mataró and were independent on the distance to the MSWI. Soil levels of metals did not show temporal variations between the current and previous campaigns. However, the concentrations of metals in air samples collected in 2011 and 2013, were lower than those found in our 2008 survey. Regarding PCDD/Fs and PCBs, no differences were noted between the levels of the current survey and those corresponding to 2008. Anyhow, the concentrations of metals, PCDD/Fs, and PCBs in soils and air did not exceed the reference values established by regulatory organizations, being also in the low range of other similar studies recently reported. Finally, the human non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks due to exposure to metals, PCDD/Fs, and PCBs, were, for the population living in the neighborhood of the MSWI, considered as acceptable according to international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lolita Vilavert
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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