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Ryan RA, Hepworth AD, Bihuniak JD, Lyndon A. A Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Experiences Among Mothers Who Used Galactagogues to Increase Their Milk Supply. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:122-132. [PMID: 38159094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To qualitatively describe breastfeeding experiences among mothers who used galactagogues to increase their milk supply. DESIGN One-time, semistructured phone interviews. SETTING US. PARTICIPANTS Breastfeeding mothers (n = 19) who reported ever consuming foods, beverages, or herbal supplements to increase their milk supply in a cross-sectional online survey were purposefully sampled to participate in this qualitative study. Participants were diverse in terms of race and ethnicity, education, income, infant age (0-18 months), and prior breastfeeding experience (32% first-time breastfeeding). PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Reasons for trying to increase milk supply, sources of information about increasing milk supply, and strategies tried to increase milk supply. ANALYSIS Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants expressed determination and commitment to breastfeeding but unexpectedly struggled to breastfeed and increase their milk supply. They sought information from multiple sources and used individualized approaches to address milk supply concerns on the basis of recommendations from others, as well as the perceived convenience, cost, palatability, and safety of potential strategies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results suggest a need to expand breastfeeding education and support so that lactating parents anticipate common breastfeeding challenges and are aware of evidence-based strategies for increasing their milk supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Ryan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY; Public Health Nutrition, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY.
| | | | | | - Audrey Lyndon
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY
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Liao CC, Chien CH, Hsu TJ, Li JM. Advancing breastfeeding promotion: leveraging integrative natural galactagogues and unveiling their potential roles-Insights from a 19-year Taiwan nationwide registry to address lactation insufficiency in postpartum women. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1293735. [PMID: 38371501 PMCID: PMC10869601 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1293735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lactation insufficiency is a prevalent challenge for nursing mothers globally. There is a growing interest in the use of herbal galactagogues for enhancing lactation, but their therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms need thorough investigation. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of herbal galactagogues in addressing lactation insufficiency by utilizing real-world data and employing a network analysis approach. Methods Our retrospective study used Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000) to identify 490 patients diagnosed with lactation insufficiency from 2000 to 2018. We analyzed demographic characteristics, co-existing diseases, and prescription patterns for both users and non-users of Chinese herbal products (CHP). Additionally, we utilized a network analysis approach to explore potential compounds and targets in the most frequently used CHP, the Wang Bu Liu Xing and Lu Lu Tong herb pair (WLHP) combination. Results Out of 490 patients, 81% were CHP users. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between CHP users and non-users, but we observed a notable divergence in the prevalence of co-existing diseases. A detailed examination of CHP prescriptions revealed the predominance of WLHP, prompting further investigation. Comprehensive analysis identified 29 major compounds in WLHP, which were associated with 215 unique targets. Intersection analysis revealed 101 overlapping targets between WLHP and lactation, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for lactation insufficiency treatment. Topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified 13 hub genes potentially crucial for the therapeutic effect of WLHP. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these targets were involved in critical lactation regulation pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. Discussion This study emphasizes the potential of CHP, specifically the WLHP combination, in managing lactation insufficiency. The multi-compound, multi-target approach of WLHP and its interaction with key biological processes and signaling pathways offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects. These findings warrant further experimental validation and can guide future research and clinical applications of CHP in lactation insufficiency treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Liao
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chuyuan Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chien
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Hsu
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Miao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shen Q, Huang CR, Du WW, Li JY, Redding SR, Ouyang YQ. Galactagogue Food Consumption, Perception of Insufficient Milk Supply, and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Chinese Postpartum Women: An Analysis of Repeated Measures. J Transcult Nurs 2023; 34:365-374. [PMID: 37395493 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231184650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little research has explored galactagogue food consumption in China. This study aims to investigate consumption patterns and how they relate to perceived insufficient milk supply and exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS Data were collected from postpartum women in China at six time points: baseline demographic questionnaire before hospital discharge (T0), galactagogue food questionnaire at 1 month postpartum (T1), Hill and Humenick Lactation Scale at 6 weeks postpartum (T2), and breastfeeding practices at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months postpartum (T1, T3, T4, T5). RESULTS Of 218 participants who completed the galactagogue food questionnaire, 64.68% were consumers. No association was found between galactagogue food consumption and perceived insufficient milk supply. Consumers were less likely to breastfeed exclusively. DISCUSSION Future research should emphasize a deeper understanding of consumer behaviors and family support in providing professional guidance on postpartum nutrition that considers not only social and cultural experiences but also broader medical aspects.
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Quinn EA, Sobonya S, Palmquist AE. Maternal perceptions of human milk expression output: An experimental design using photographs of milk. Soc Sci Med 2023; 324:115871. [PMID: 37023658 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of breast pumps in the United States is a recent phenomenon that is reshaping how individuals understand and perceive lactation. In the 1990s, adequacy of milk supply was primarily measured indirectly by infant weight gain and/or diapers; now >95% of all lactating persons in the United States use breast pumps and are seeing their milk regularly. How seeing milk impacts the perception of lactation sufficiency is an important area of research. Research aim/question: To understand personal and intersubjective influences of seeing expressed human milk on perceptions of milk supply among participants who express milk for their infants. METHODS We surveyed 805 lactating participants from the United States about their pumping practices using an online survey. Participants described pumping practices, milk output, and beliefs. They were then randomized to view one of three photographs of expressed milk (<2 oz, 4 oz, >6oz) and asked to imagine they had just pumped that amount and provide a written response; this created 4 exposure groups (2 increase and 2 decrease) and a control group (no difference). RESULTS Participants randomized to a higher volume reported more positive feelings and used the terms "good", "great", and "accomplished" to describe emotional responses to output. Participants randomized to lower milk volumes reported more feelings of "bad" or "depressed." A subset of participants reported feeling "annoyed" about small volumes of milk. CONCLUSIONS Participants in this study were very conscious of the volume of milk pumped each session; both increases and decreases were associated with emotional responses that could contribute to decisions about pumping practices, perceived milk supply, and lactation duration.
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McBride GM, Stevenson R, Zizzo G, Rumbold AR, Amir LH, Keir AK, Grzeskowiak LE. Knowledge of Galactagogue Use During Breastfeeding in Australia: A Cross Sectional Online Survey. J Hum Lact 2022; 38:740-748. [PMID: 35236166 DOI: 10.1177/08903344221077131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galactagogues have been used for centuries to induce, maintain, or increase a mother's milk supply. Recently, there has been an apparent increase in utilization and promotion of galactagogues, largely in the absence of data regarding their efficacy and safety. However, there is limited contemporary evidence about knowledge of these substances in the community or how and where individuals seek information. RESEARCH AIM To evaluate knowledge about galactagogue use during breastfeeding among birth parents, including recognition of specific substances, perceptions of safety, and common information sources. METHOD An online, prospective, cross-sectional survey of Australian birthing parents (N = 2055) who were currently breastfeeding or had previously breastfed their infants was conducted from September to December 2019. The survey included questions about recognition of galactagogues, perceptions of safety, and information-seeking behaviors. RESULTS Among participants, 47% (n = 882) were primiparous and 65% (n = 1,219) were currently breastfeeding. The most recognized galactagogues included lactation cookies (89%; n = 1,828), brewer's yeast (79%; n = 1,629), fenugreek (74%; n = 1,519), and domperidone (69%; n = 1,420). Respondents cited the internet (52%; n = 1,066), lactation support providers (46%; n = 951), midwives (42%; n = 873), general practitioners (39%; n = 802), and social media (35%; n = 714) as common information sources. Lactation support providers and breastfeeding helplines were commonly rated as helpful; whereas, general practitioners and community pharmacists were often rated as unhelpful. While most participants perceived galactagogues to be safe, herbal or dietary galactagogues were perceived to be safer than pharmaceutical galactagogues. CONCLUSIONS Our Australian community survey of individuals with current or previous breastfeeding experience identified widespread recognition of galactagogue use, with participants reporting a broad range of information-seeking behaviors and generally perceiving galactagogues as being safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace McKenzie McBride
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Stevenson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gabriella Zizzo
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice R Rumbold
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa H Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amy K Keir
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke Edward Grzeskowiak
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Barnes LAJ, Rolfe MI, Barclay L, McCaffery K, Aslani P. Women's reasons for taking complementary medicine products in pregnancy and lactation: Results from a national Australian survey. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101673. [PMID: 36332327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: Pregnant and breastfeeding women commonly use complementary medicine products (CMPs), including dietary supplements and herbal medicines. This study investigated women's reasons for use. MATERIALS AND METHODS A national, cross-sectional, online survey conducted between July-September 2019 investigated reasons for CMP use during pregnancy and lactation. Australian women who were currently pregnant and/or breastfeeding participated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square and principal component analyses. RESULTS Of the 810 women surveyed (n = 354 pregnant; n = 456 breastfeeding), most reported prior CMP use and felt that CMPs had been beneficial to maintaining and optimising their own and their children's health. However, when ill, they preferred medicines prescribed by doctors or pharmacists. Perceived benefits to their unborn or breastfeeding babies' health and their own health (both cohorts), the health of their pregnancy (pregnant participants), and benefits to the breastfeeding process and breastmilk supply (breastfeeding participants) were important reasons for women's CMP use. CONCLUSION Women's reasons for CMP use centred on perceived benefits to their own health and the health of their babies. Women's prior positive experiences with CMP use, combined with preferences for pharmaceutical use when ill, indicates their use of CMPs can be considered complementary, rather than alternative, to biomedical health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ariadne Justine Barnes
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy & Bank Building (A15), Science Road, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Margaret I Rolfe
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lesley Barclay
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsten McCaffery
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Parisa Aslani
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy & Bank Building (A15), Science Road, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Simbar M, Nazarpour S, Mojab F, Kholosi Badr F, Khorrami M, Jafari Torkamani Z, Alavi-Majd H. A Comparative Study on the Effects of “Honey and Fenugreek” with “Fenugreek” on the Breastfeeding Success: A Randomized Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6048280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Herbal galactagogues are usually recommended to be sweetened with honey. Despite the high nutritious value of honey for lactating women and extensive studies on the effects of herbal galactagogues, no investigation was made to compare galactagogue effects of using herbal galactagogues with and without honey so far. The present study aimed to compare the effect of a combination of “honey and fenugreek” with “fenugreek” on breastfeeding success (BFS). Methods. This study is a triple-blind randomized clinical trial on 75 breastfeeding mothers referred to a Tehran-Iran health center. The participants were randomly divided into two intervention (fenugreek and honey users) and control (fenugreek users) groups. These women had infants of 1–5 months and had exclusive breastfeeding practice. Tools for data collection were (1) the personal and maternal-infant information, (2) the breastfeeding success, and (3) the complications questionnaires. Participants received 30 liquid drops, three times daily for four weeks. The BFS questionnaire was completed twice, before and 4 weeks after the intervention. The CONSORT checklist was followed. Results. Before and after comparison showed no significant difference in the BFS score in the “fenugreek” group, while there was a significant increase in the BFS score in the “honey and fenugreek” group (
). Between groups, comparison demonstrated a significantly higher score of BFS in the intervention group than in the control group (
). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the possible complications. Conclusion. The combination of honey with fenugreek showed a significant effect on BFS, while there was no improvement in BFS after fenugreek only uses. Trial registration: the study was approved in the Iranian registry of clinical trials with IRCT ID: IRCT20120122008801N23 on 2019-12-30 (https://www.irct.ir/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Simbar
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Nazarpour
- Department of Midwifery, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mobina Khorrami
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafari Torkamani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Alavi-Majd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Simbar M, Nazarpour S, Mojab F, Kholosi Badr F, Khorrami M, Jafari Torkamani Z, Alavi-Majd H. A Comparative Study on the Effects of “Honey and Fenugreek” with “Fenugreek” on the Breastfeeding Success: A Randomized Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1155/2022/6048280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Herbal galactagogues are usually recommended to be sweetened with honey. Despite the high nutritious value of honey for lactating women and extensive studies on the effects of herbal galactagogues, no investigation was made to compare galactagogue effects of using herbal galactagogues with and without honey so far. The present study aimed to compare the effect of a combination of “honey and fenugreek” with “fenugreek” on breastfeeding success (BFS). Methods. This study is a triple-blind randomized clinical trial on 75 breastfeeding mothers referred to a Tehran-Iran health center. The participants were randomly divided into two intervention (fenugreek and honey users) and control (fenugreek users) groups. These women had infants of 1–5 months and had exclusive breastfeeding practice. Tools for data collection were (1) the personal and maternal-infant information, (2) the breastfeeding success, and (3) the complications questionnaires. Participants received 30 liquid drops, three times daily for four weeks. The BFS questionnaire was completed twice, before and 4 weeks after the intervention. The CONSORT checklist was followed. Results. Before and after comparison showed no significant difference in the BFS score in the “fenugreek” group, while there was a significant increase in the BFS score in the “honey and fenugreek” group (
). Between groups, comparison demonstrated a significantly higher score of BFS in the intervention group than in the control group (
). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the possible complications. Conclusion. The combination of honey with fenugreek showed a significant effect on BFS, while there was no improvement in BFS after fenugreek only uses. Trial registration: the study was approved in the Iranian registry of clinical trials with IRCT ID: IRCT20120122008801N23 on 2019-12-30 (https://www.irct.ir/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Simbar
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Nazarpour
- Department of Midwifery, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mobina Khorrami
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafari Torkamani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Alavi-Majd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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A Comparative Study on the Effects of “Honey and Fenugreek” with “Fenugreek” on the Breastfeeding Success: A Randomized Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6048280. [PMID: 35783511 PMCID: PMC9246572 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6048280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Herbal galactagogues are usually recommended to be sweetened with honey. Despite the high nutritious value of honey for lactating women and extensive studies on the effects of herbal galactagogues, no investigation was made to compare galactagogue effects of using herbal galactagogues with and without honey so far. The present study aimed to compare the effect of a combination of “honey and fenugreek” with “fenugreek” on breastfeeding success (BFS). Methods This study is a triple-blind randomized clinical trial on 75 breastfeeding mothers referred to a Tehran-Iran health center. The participants were randomly divided into two intervention (fenugreek and honey users) and control (fenugreek users) groups. These women had infants of 1–5 months and had exclusive breastfeeding practice. Tools for data collection were (1) the personal and maternal-infant information, (2) the breastfeeding success, and (3) the complications questionnaires. Participants received 30 liquid drops, three times daily for four weeks. The BFS questionnaire was completed twice, before and 4 weeks after the intervention. The CONSORT checklist was followed. Results Before and after comparison showed no significant difference in the BFS score in the “fenugreek” group, while there was a significant increase in the BFS score in the “honey and fenugreek” group (P=0.035). Between groups, comparison demonstrated a significantly higher score of BFS in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.023). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the possible complications. Conclusion The combination of honey with fenugreek showed a significant effect on BFS, while there was no improvement in BFS after fenugreek only uses. Trial registration: the study was approved in the Iranian registry of clinical trials with IRCT ID: IRCT20120122008801N23 on 2019-12-30 (https://www.irct.ir/).
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Phytochemical screening and galactagogic attributes of Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. leaf extract in lactating mice (Mus musculus). HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. [PD] is used as a galactagogue by various tribes in Purulia district, India, lacks a scientific basis.
Objectives
The purpose of the study was to determine whether administration of aqueous leaf extract of P. daemia can increase milk production in lactating mice and encourages development in suckling pups.
Methods
30 lactating mice (n=6 per group) with a minimum of 5 pups each were treated with the aqueous PD extract at 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight while the control group was administered with only distilled water. The mice were daily fed with aqueous leaf extract via gavage, which started at day 3 and continued to day 15 post-partum and milk secretion was assessed by the weight-suckle-weight method. The qualitative estimation, UV-vis analysis and GC-MS study of the leaf extract was also done for the presence of phytoconstituents.
Results
Administration of aqueous leaf extract led to a considerable increase in milk production (28.1%) and the pups gained weight substantially (p<0.05) when compared to control. Milk production was enhanced in mice treated with 150 mg/kg b.wt. of leaf extract compared to other doses (p<0.05). The GC-MS analysis of the aqueous leaf extract of P. daemia revealed 20 major peaks, some with small retention time and also revealing presence of several phyto-estrogenic compounds.
Conclusion
The present study effectively demonstrated that aqueous leaf extract of PD enhanced milk production in mice and might be used as an alternative strategy for increasing milk production and can be extrapolated to farm animals and human beings.
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Nasution SS, Eliana R, Aizar E, Pramita R. Effectiveness of Coleus Amboinicus Consumption Interventions in Increasing Breast Milk Production and Improving Maternal Health Status During COVID 19 Pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient milk production is a major problem for mothers who have just given birth and affects the health condition of postpartum mothers. One of the actions that can be taken to increase milk production and improve the health of postpartum mothers is to consume foods that can increase breast milk production, namely ingredients that contain galactagogue substances. Several types of herbal plants that are often consumed by postpartum mothers after giving birth to increase breast milk in North Sumatra, especially the city of Medan, are making vegetables from the bangun-bangun leaves. Bangun-bangun leaves contain the main ingredients, namely carvakrol, thymol, humulene, undecanal, terpinene, cymene, caryophyllene oxide, terpineol and salinene whose nutritional content and composition helps to stimulate breast milk production.during the Covid 19 pandemic. The intervention was carried out by giving 100 grams of bangun-bangun leaves and consumed 3 times a day starting from the time the mother gave birth until 7 days. Breast milk production was assessed from the time the first breast milk was released and the health condition of the postpartum mother was assessed by measuring vital signs and assessing health conditions while still adhering to health protocols. The study was conducted in Medan Johor, North Sumatra Province and the sample in this study consisted of 60 people consisting of 30 intervention groups and 30 control groups according to the inclusion criteria. Collecting data using a questionnaire consisting of demographic data, data on the first day of breastfeeding, and data on health conditions in postpartum mothers before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using dependent and independent t-tests. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of intervention on consumption of bangun-bangun leaves on breast milk production using an independent t-test with a p value of 0.010 and an intervention for consumption of bangun-bangun leaves with postpartum mother's health condition with a p-value of 0.001. The results of this study are expected to be a solution and intervention in the care of postpartum mothers who have problems in spending milk production and are able to improve health conditions, especially during the Covid 19 pandemic.
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Barnes LAJ, Rolfe MI, Barclay L, McCaffery K, Aslani P. Demographics, health literacy and health locus of control beliefs of Australian women who take complementary medicine products during pregnancy and breastfeeding: A cross-sectional, online, national survey. Health Expect 2021; 25:667-683. [PMID: 34951097 PMCID: PMC8957740 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant and breastfeeding women's use of complementary medicine products (CMPs) is common, and possibly associated with autonomous health care behaviours. However, the health literacy levels and health locus of control (HLOC) beliefs of women who use CMPs in pregnancy and lactation have not been previously assessed in a large Australian sample. Aim The aim of this study is to determine the health literacy levels and HLOC beliefs of women who use CMPs in pregnancy and lactation and determine the types of CMPs used. Methods A cross‐sectional, national, online survey of Australian pregnant or breastfeeding women aged 18 years and older, and currently using CMPs was conducted. Results A total of 810 completed surveys (354 pregnant and 456 breastfeeding women) were analysed. Most had adequate functional health literacy levels (93.3%). Health care practitioners (HCPs) HLOC mean scores were the highest for the sample, followed by Internal HLOC beliefs mean scores. Almost all (n = 809) took at least one dietary supplement, the most popular being pregnancy and breastfeeding multivitamins, iron supplements and probiotics. Use was generally in line with clinical recommendations, except for low rates of iodine supplementation. Herbal medicine use was lower for the total sample (57.3%, n = 464), but significantly higher (p < .0001) for the breastfeeding cohort, with consumers taking one to four herbal medicines each. The most popular herbs were raspberry leaf, ginger, peppermint and chamomile (pregnant respondents) and chamomile, ginger and fenugreek (breastfeeding respondents). Conclusions Respondents were health literate, with high scores for Internal and HCP HLOC scales, suggesting that they are likely to demonstrate self‐efficacy, positive health behaviours and work well in partnership with HCPs. HCPs can facilitate discussions with pregnant and breastfeeding women using CMPs, while considering women's health literacy levels, health beliefs and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa A J Barnes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy and University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Centre for Rural Health and School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret I Rolfe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Centre for Rural Health and School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lesley Barclay
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Centre for Rural Health and School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten McCaffery
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Parisa Aslani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Zizzo G, Rumbold AR, Grzeskowiak LE. "Fear of stopping" vs "wanting to get off the medication": exploring women's experiences of using domperidone as a galactagogue - a qualitative study. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:92. [PMID: 34886887 PMCID: PMC8656031 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domperidone is the most frequently prescribed medicine used to increase breast milk supply. There is considerable controversy surrounding the use of domperidone in lactation, due to limited evidence about efficacy and concerns about rare but life-threatening side-effects. Despite this, in many high-income settings such as Australia, use of domperidone among breastfeeding mothers appears to be increasing. The aim of this paper was to explore women’s experiences of using domperidone during breastfeeding. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2019 with 15 women in Australia who reported using domperidone as a galactagogue during breastfeeding. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results Women reported a wide variety of practices concerning the timing of initiation of domperidone use, including prophylactic use, as well as the dose and duration of use. Prolonged periods of use and unsupervised dosing were commonly reported, these practices were sometimes associated with a fear of the consequences of stopping, insufficient provision of information about the drug or feeling dismissed by health professionals. Some women indicated that when doctors refused to prescribe domperidone they responded by doctor shopping and seeking anecdotal information about benefits and risks online, leading to unsupervised practices. Women often reported high expectations surrounding the effectiveness of domperidone, and most used the medication in conjunction with food/herbal galactagogues and non-galactagogue support. Positive outcomes following domperidone use included having greater confidence in breastfeeding and pride at achieving breastfeeding goals. Conclusions This study identified a variety of practices concerning domperidone use, including potentially unsafe practices, linked in some cases to inconsistent advice from health professionals and a reliance on online, anecdotal information sources. These findings emphasise the urgent need for development of clinical practice guidelines and a greater focus on translating existing evidence concerning domperidone into clinical practice, including clinical support that is tailored to women’s needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Zizzo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice R Rumbold
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke E Grzeskowiak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. .,SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, Australia.
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Kwan SH, Abdul-Rahman PS. Clinical Study on Plant Galactagogue Worldwide in Promoting Women's Lactation: a Scoping Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:257-269. [PMID: 34292494 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the general well-being of infants. However, many mothers face an insufficient milk supply to breastfeed their children. Galactagogue, in particular, plant galactagogue, serves as a method to promote lactation. This in-depth review examines the evidence supporting different plants' galactagogic activity through clinical studies around the globe. A scoping review approach was adopted to establish the research questions, and define the findings, selection and analysis of the study. This scoping review highlights and compiles the clinical research performed globally involving plant galactagogue to better inform the medical practitioners, lactation consultants, nursing mothers, communities and relevant personnel on practicing, guidelines, policymaking and research. In general, a total of 1041 research publications were retrieved from different global bibliographic databases, of which only 13 articles were retained for analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. A total of 14 types of plants have undergone clinical studies in the past decade to verify their galactagogic activity. All but two showed a positive effect on promoting milk production. There were 42 articles categorised as excluded studies. The category includes review articles, surveys, case reports, introductory articles of regional plant galactagogue and preclinical studies, which involves animal testing and the studies exploring other issues related to plant galactagogue. The findings demonstrate that there is a significant research gap on the plant galactagogue using clinical studies. More clinical research is necessary to identify and verify the efficacy of various types of plant galactagogue for the benefit of humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hong Kwan
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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15
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McBride GM, Stevenson R, Zizzo G, Rumbold AR, Amir LH, Keir AK, Grzeskowiak LE. Use and experiences of galactagogues while breastfeeding among Australian women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254049. [PMID: 34197558 PMCID: PMC8248610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galactagogues are substances thought to increase breast milk production, however evidence to support their efficacy and safety remain limited. We undertook a survey among Australian women to examine patterns of use of galactagogues and perceptions regarding their safety and effectiveness. Methods An online, cross-sectional survey was distributed between September and December 2019 via national breastfeeding and preterm birth support organisations, and networks of several research institutions in Australia. Women were eligible to participate if they lived in Australia and were currently/previously breastfeeding. The survey included questions about galactagogue use (including duration and timing), side effects and perceived effectiveness (on a scale of 1 [Not at all effective] to 5 [Extremely effective]). Results Among 1876 respondents, 1120 (60%) reported using one or more galactagogues. Women were 31.5 ± 4.8 years (mean ± standard deviation) at their most recent birth. Sixty-five percent of women were currently breastfeeding at the time of the survey. The most commonly reported galactagogues included lactation cookies (47%), brewer’s yeast (32%), fenugreek (22%) and domperidone (19%). The mean duration of use for each galactagogue ranged from 2 to 20 weeks. Approximately 1 in 6 women reported commencing galactagogues within the first week postpartum. Most women reported receiving recommendations to use herbal/dietary galactagogues from the internet (38%) or friends (25%), whereas pharmaceutical galactagogues were most commonly prescribed by General Practitioners (72%). The perceived effectiveness varied greatly across galactagogues. Perceived effectiveness was highest for domperidone (mean rating of 3.3 compared with 2.0 to 3.0 among other galactagogues). Over 23% of domperidone users reported experiencing multiple side effects, compared to an average of 3% of women taking herbal galactagogues. Conclusions This survey demonstrates that galactagogues use is common in Australia. Further research is needed to generate robust evidence about galactagogues’ efficacy and safety to support evidence-based strategies and improve breastfeeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. McBride
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Stevenson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gabriella Zizzo
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice R. Rumbold
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa H. Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amy K. Keir
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke E. Grzeskowiak
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Zizzo G, Amir LH, Moore V, Grzeskowiak LE, Rumbold AR. The risk-risk trade-offs: Understanding factors that influence women's decision to use substances to boost breast milk supply. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249599. [PMID: 33939738 PMCID: PMC8092651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactagogues are foods, herbs or medications thought to support or increase breast milk supply. The use of galactagogues during lactation is becoming increasingly common despite limited evidence regarding effectiveness and safety, and no definitive recommendations for use in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to explore factors influencing women's decisions to use galactagogues during lactation. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted in October and November 2019 (over the telephone or in person) with participants located in most Australian states and territories, including metro and regional areas. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using NVivo. Analysis revealed that following a concern about breast milk supply, the decision to use galactagogues was influenced by three core and interrelated domains: access to and quality of breastfeeding support, maternal agency and determination to provide breast milk. Women revealed many problematic experiences with health care professionals that left them feeling dismissed and confused due to provision of inconsistent and insufficient information that was sometimes at odds with their desire to provide breast milk. In this instance, some women turned to galactagogues to regain agency. A range of broader dimensions influencing decision-making also emerged. These were separated into categories that emphasise distinctions relating to breast milk supply, which included: maternal emotional wellbeing, social norms and pressures, concerns about infant development, maternal physical health and lactation history, as well as those relating specifically to galactagogue use, including: desire for a guaranteed/urgent response, risk-risk trade-off, acceptance and trust, and accessibility and cost. In understanding the complexity of decision-making concerning these substances, we identify opportunities to improve breastfeeding counselling and support. We recommend that support be individually tailored to manage conflicting information, adopt communication styles that encourage trust and processes that enable shared decision-making to enhance or restore maternal agency. There is also considerable need to address evidence gaps regarding the effectiveness and safety of commonly used galactagogues, so that women can be appropriately counselled about potential benefits and harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Zizzo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa H. Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University | Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivienne Moore
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke E. Grzeskowiak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia | Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alice R. Rumbold
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Chao J, Ko CY, Lin CY, Tomoji M, Huang CH, Chiang HC, Yang JJ, Huang SS, Su SY. Ethnobotanical Survey of Natural Galactagogues Prescribed in Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies in Taiwan. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:625869. [PMID: 33679390 PMCID: PMC7928277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.625869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural medicinal materials have been used to promote breast milk secretion. Here, we investigated the natural medicinal materials prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies across Taiwan to induce lactation. We collected medicinal materials from 87 TCM pharmacies, identified them in the prescriptions, and analyzed their drug contents. We examined their botanical origins, biological classifications, traditional usage, and modern pharmacological properties. We used the TCM Inheritance Support System to identify core medicinal materials in galactogenous prescriptions. We collected 81 medicinal materials from 90 galactogenous prescriptions. Leguminosae accounted for 12%, whereas Apiaceae accounted for 7% of all materials examined. The primary medicinal plant parts used were roots and seeds. Nineteen frequently used medicinal materials had a relative frequency of citation of greater than or equal to 0.2. According to their efficacy, 58% were warm, 54% were sweet, and 63% were tonifying; 74% of the frequently used medicinal materials have been showed efficacy against breast cancer. The primary core medicinal material was Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, whereas the secondary core medicinal materials were Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch and Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz. Most galactogenous prescriptions consisted of multiple materials from Leguminosae and Apiaceae. The mechanisms underlying galactogenous efficacy warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maeda Tomoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hung-Che Chiang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Pałka S, Kmiecik M, Migdał Ł. Effect of a diet supplemented with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on the litter size and milk yield of rabbits. ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the addition of nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) leaves or fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> L.) seeds to rabbit feed on their breeding and lactation performance. The research material was female Blanc de Termonde rabbits (n = 22) and their offspring – four consecutive litters. The does were divided into three feeding groups, and each group was fed <i>ad libitum</i> a commercial pelleted complete feed with min. 17,5% crude protein, max. 15% crude fibre, and 2-3% crude fat. The diet for does in the control group (n = 6) contained wheat bran, dried alfalfa, extracted soybeans, barley, beet pulp, sunflower meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The does in experimental group I (n = 8) were fed a diet enriched with 2% dried nettle leaves, while the diet for experimental group II (n = 8) contained fenugreek seeds (2%). The rabbits were mated between 10 and 14 days after kindling. To examine the effect of the herbal supplements on the does’ reproductive and lactation performance, the following information was collected: number of rabbits born per litter, litter weight at 24 h after birth and at 21 days of age, and milk yield. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical package. The results show positive effects of the use of nettle leaves and fenugreek seeds in the diet of female rabbits, but this should be confirmed in further research.</b>
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pałka
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology
| | - Michał Kmiecik
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology
| | - Łukasz Migdał
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology
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Ağagündüz D. Determination of the total antioxidant and oxidant status of some galactagogue and herbal teas. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ali Z, Bukari M, Mwinisonaam A, Abdul-Rahaman AL, Abizari AR. Special foods and local herbs used to enhance breastmilk production in Ghana: rate of use and beliefs of efficacy. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:96. [PMID: 33198765 PMCID: PMC7670774 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate breastmilk production is one of the key factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding. In most local African homes, special herbs and some food items are commonly used to promote breastmilk production (known as lactogogue/galactogogue). We describe the use and characterize the herbs and food items used to promote breastmilk production in two regions of Ghana. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2018 involving 402 lactating mothers. The range of foods used as lactogogues was obtained from 20 participants through focus group discussions. Quantitative data on demographics, lactogogue use and feeding practices were obtained through questionnaire administration. Results The mean age of women was 29.2 years and children were 10 months. Breastmilk production problems were low (22.4%) and the majority of lactating mothers felt they had adequate breastmilk (70.4%) but awareness about lactogogues was widespread in both regions (88.8%) and highest in the Brong-Ahafo region (90.0%). Information about lactogogues was mainly from grandparents (24.6%), parents (31.6), health facilities (16.5%) and friends (12.8%), while the media had little influence (< 1%). The majority of the mothers used lactogogues to enhance breastmilk production (67.7%), and a quarter of them used lactogogues because of their tradition (25.2%). Prevalence of lactogogue use was 83.8%, lactogogues were prepared separate from household meals (59.4%) and consumed one to three times a day (89.6%). Users felt the effectiveness within 24 h of use (98.5%). The most common lactogogues included; groundnut/peanut soup prepared with Bra leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa), hot black tea, Werewere/Agushi (Citrulus colocynthis) prepared with Bra leaves, and Abemudro (a polyherbal formulation). Only 13.2% of lactating mothers also used lactogogues during pregnancy. Conclusions Special foods and selected herbs are widely used to enhance breastmilk production in Ghana and constitute an important part of the diet of lactating mothers. These results could contribute to understanding breastfeeding behaviours and stimulate further research into evaluating the safety and scientific efficacy of these products in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakari Ali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana. .,Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | - Mohammed Bukari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Anita Mwinisonaam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Latif Abdul-Rahaman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Razak Abizari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
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Jendras G, Monizi M, Neinhuis C, Lautenschläger T. Plants, food and treatments used by BaKongo tribes in Uíge (northern Angola) to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:88. [PMID: 33097071 PMCID: PMC7583195 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angola has one of the highest annual under-five mortality rates in in the world and malnutrition poses a severe problem in the country. This study is the first to focus on the traditional knowledge of plants, foods, and treatments used by the local population in the province of Uíge to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk, since decades of independence and civil war impeded ethnobotanical studies in this area. Methods This study was conducted in eight municipalities in the province of Uíge, Northern Angola in February and March 2018. In 265 semi-structured interviews, 360 informants in 40 rural villages were asked about plants, food, and treatments used to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk. Additionally, information on child mortality and the duration of breastfeeding were collected. Whenever possible, plant specimens were collected for later identification. To determine the local importance of the collected plants, food, and treatments, the Relative Frequency of Citations was calculated. Results Most women reported to have no problems with their breast milk production. The duration of breastfeeding meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). Across all use categories, 69 plants from 36 plant families, and 21 other foods and treatments could be identified. Conclusions The study shows an overview of a variety of plants, foods, and treatments used by mothers as galactagogues, to “clean” or to reduce their breast milk and those which they avoided to use during the lactation period. There is great potential for further research into this traditional knowledge. Also, further analysis of some of the plants could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Jendras
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mawunu Monizi
- University of Kimpa Vita, Province of Uíge, Rua Henrique Freitas No. 1, Bairro Popular, Uíge, Angola
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thea Lautenschläger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zheng T, Chen W, Hu H, Wang Y, Harnett JE, Ung COL. The prevalence, perceptions and behaviors associated with traditional/complementary medicine use by breastfeeding women living in Macau: a cross-sectional survey study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:122. [PMID: 32316951 PMCID: PMC7175520 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a long history of traditional/complementary medicine (T/CM) use by women during lactation. While it is important to evaluate such use within a scientific paradigm to ensure efficacy and safety, knowledge about the prevalence and characteristics of T/CM use during lactation is limited. This study aimed to generate preliminary data on the prevalence, perceptions and behaviors related to T/CM use by women living in Macau during lactation. METHODS Between April to June 2018, women aged 18 years or above who had breastfed within the previous 12 months were invited to complete a questionnaire which asked about their perceptions and behaviors related to the use of T/CM while breastfeeding. Chi-square analysis and logistic regressions were used to conduct data analysis. RESULTS A total of 500 women completed the survey with 62.6% (95% CI 58.37-66.83) reporting use of at least 1 T/CM while breastfeeding. Of these 48.9% (95% CI 44.67 to 53.13) believed T/CM were safe to take during lactation and 55.6% (95% CI 51.37 to 59.83) suggested there were inadequate resources to assist making an informed decision. Working status, monthly family income and the presence of a breastfeeding-related health problems were associated with T/CM use (all p < 0.05). The most commonly used T/CM were Tetrapanax papyriferus, lecithin, Vaccaria segetalis, docosahexaenoic acid and Trigonella foenum-graecum commonly referred to as Fenugreek. The most common reasons for using T/CM were "to unblock milk ducts", "to increase milk supply" and "to improve baby development". Women were recommended to use T/CM from multiple sources; 15.0% from health personnel (HP) only, 40.0% received recommendations from non-HP only; and 42.2% from both. CONCLUSIONS The use of T/CM by women during lactation is common in Macau. The current support and resources available to women during the breastfeeding period to make informed decisions about T/CM use is not standardized nor integrated. The gaps identified in this study provide an opportunity to develop resources and a more defined role for HPs to ensure the appropriate and safe use of T/CM in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Joanna E. Harnett
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Barnes LAJ, Barclay L, McCaffery K, Aslani P. Women's health literacy and the complex decision-making process to use complementary medicine products in pregnancy and lactation. Health Expect 2019; 22:1013-1027. [PMID: 31116500 PMCID: PMC6803395 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about women's decision-making processes regarding using complementary medicine products (CMPs) during pregnancy or lactation. OBJECTIVES To explore the decision-making processes of women choosing to use CMPs in pregnancy and lactation; and to investigate how women's health literacy influences their decisions. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with twenty-five pregnant and/or breastfeeding women. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Key to women's decision making was the desire to establish a CMPs safety and to receive information from a trustworthy source, preferably their most trusted health-care practitioner. Women wanted positive therapeutic relationships with health-care practitioners and to be highly involved in the decisions they made for the health of themselves and their children. Two overarching components of the decision-making process were identified: (a) women's information needs and (b) a preference for CMP use. Women collated and assessed information from other health-care practitioners, other mothers and published research during their decision-making processes. They showed a strong preference for CMP use to support their pregnancy and breastfeeding health, and that of their unborn and breastfeeding babies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Complex decision-making processes to use CMPs in pregnancy and lactation were identified. The participants showed high levels of communicative and critical health literacy skills in their decision-making processes. These skills supported women's complex decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa A. J. Barnes
- School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- University Centre for Rural HealthThe University of SydneyLismoreNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lesley Barclay
- University Centre for Rural HealthThe University of SydneyLismoreNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Public HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kirsten McCaffery
- School of Public HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Parisa Aslani
- School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Barnes LAJ, Barclay L, McCaffery K, Aslani P. Factors influencing women's decision-making regarding complementary medicine product use in pregnancy and lactation. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:280. [PMID: 31390996 PMCID: PMC6686446 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of complementary medicine product (CMP) use by pregnant or breastfeeding Australian mothers is high, however, there is limited data on factors influencing women’s decision-making to use CMPs. This study explored and described the factors influencing women’s decisions take a CMP when pregnant or breastfeeding. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with 25 pregnant and/or breastfeeding women who currently used CMPs. Participants’ health literacy was assessed using a validated single-item health literacy screening question and the Newest Vital Sign. Interview and focus group discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results Participants were a homogenous group. Most had higher education, medium to high incomes and high health literacy skills. They actively sought information from multiple sources and used a reiterative collation and assessment process. Their decision-making to take or not to take CMPs was informed by the need to establish the safety of the CMPs, as well as possible benefits or harms to their baby’s or their own health that could result from taking a CMP. Their specific information needs included the desire to access comprehensive, consistent, clear, easy to understand, and evidence-based information. Women preferred to access information from reputable sources, namely, their trusted health care practitioners, and information linked to government or hospital websites and published research. A lack of comprehensive, clear, consistent, or evidence-based information often led to decisions not to take a CMP, as they felt unable to adequately establish its safety or benefits. Conversely, when the participants felt the CMPs information they collected was good quality and from reputable sources, it reassured them of the safety of the CMP in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. If this confirmed a clear benefit to their baby or themselves, they were more likely to decide to take a CMP. Conclusions The participants’ demographic profile confirms previous research concerning Australian women who use CMPs during pregnancy and lactation. Participants’ high health literacy skills led them to engage in a reiterative, information-seeking and analysis process fuelled by the need to find clear information before making the decision to take, or not to take, a CMP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2396-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ariadne Justine Barnes
- The University of Sydney, School of Pharmacy and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, PO Box 3074, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Lesley Barclay
- The University of Sydney, University Centre for Rural Health and Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsten McCaffery
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Parisa Aslani
- The University of Sydney, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Rm N502, Pharmacy & Bank Building (A15), Science Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Zheng T, Yao D, Chen W, Hu H, Ung COL, Harnett JE. Healthcare providers' role regarding the safe and appropriate use of herbal products by breastfeeding mothers: A systematic literature review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 35:131-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Eidelman AI. Breastfeeding and the Spice of Life. Breastfeed Med 2018; 13:641. [PMID: 30383390 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.29111.aie] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yamada R, Rasmussen KM, Felice JP. "What Is 'Enough,' and How Do I Make It?": A Qualitative Examination of Questions Mothers Ask on Social Media About Pumping and Providing an Adequate Amount of Milk for Their Infants. Breastfeed Med 2018; 14:17-21. [PMID: 30431317 PMCID: PMC6352550 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers commonly cite an inadequate milk "supply" as a reason for stopping human milk feeding. Further, pumping may affect mothers' understanding of their milk production. We aimed to characterize the questions mothers ask each other online related to the adequacy of the milk they pumped and provided to their infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of 543 posts containing questions related to pumping on an online discussion forum. These posts were provided by an open cohort of ∼25,000 women between 1 month before due date and 4.5 months postpartum. We used thematic analysis with Atlas.ti to analyze the posts. RESULTS Mothers commonly asked how many ounces they should be pumping and inquired about strategies to increase their pump output. They also wondered how many ounces or bottles of pumped milk they should provide to their infants or store for future use. Finally, mothers reported the inadequacy of the milk they were pumping or providing to their infants as potential reasons for stopping human milk feeding. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mothers may benefit from additional guidance from health care providers on the limitations of using pumps to draw conclusions about their milk production, the current evidence related to the use of herbal galactagogues, and the importance of responsive infant feeding. These findings also highlight the need for future research into how pumping or using herbal galactagogues may affect mothers' actual or perceived milk production and how styles for providing pumped milk compare to styles for feeding directly at the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Yamada
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Julia P. Felice
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Bumrungpert A, Somboonpanyakul P, Pavadhgul P, Thaninthranon S. Effects of Fenugreek, Ginger, and Turmeric Supplementation on Human Milk Volume and Nutrient Content in Breastfeeding Mothers: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Breastfeed Med 2018. [PMID: 30411974 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding is the best way to accomplish optimal growth and health in infants. Low milk volume is a major problem that leads to nonexclusive breastfeeding. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effects of mixed herbal supplementation, including fenugreek, ginger, and turmeric on human milk volume and nutrient content. METHODS The study design was a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Fifty exclusively breastfeeding mothers were randomly divided into two groups. The herbal group (n = 25) received mixed herbal supplementation containing fenugreek, ginger, and turmeric, three capsules three times daily for 4 weeks. The control group (n = 25) took a placebo. Anthropometric and dietary data, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood and milk samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention. Milk volume was measured using a manual breast pump and recorded for 2 days at baseline, week 2, and week 4. RESULTS Breastfeeding mothers receiving herbal supplementation had a 49% increase in milk volume at week 2 and a 103% increase at week 4. These increases were greater than mothers in the placebo group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in milk nutrient content for both groups. Moreover, there were no differences in adverse effects observed in the placebo and herbal groups. CONCLUSION Mixed herbal supplementation that contained fenugreek, ginger, and turmeric can increase human milk volume without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkarach Bumrungpert
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Patcharanee Pavadhgul
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
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Abdou RM, Fathey M. Evaluation of early postpartum fenugreek supplementation on expressed breast milk volume and prolactin levels variation. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Sim TF, Hattingh HL, Sherriff J, Tee LB. The use of non-prescription medicines during lactation: A qualitative study of community pharmacists' attitudes and perspectives. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Javan R, Javadi B, Feyzabadi Z. Breastfeeding: A Review of Its Physiology and Galactogogue Plants in View of Traditional Persian Medicine. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:401-409. [PMID: 28714737 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The beneficial effects of breastfeeding for the infant and mother are well recognized. Many natural products are reputed to be galactogogue agents in major Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) textbooks. The aim of this study is to review those medicinal plants that are reported to be effective in increasing breast milk in TPM and to compare the data from TPM texts with the findings of modern pharmacological and clinical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on the medicinal plants used to increase breast milk were obtained from major TPM textbooks. A detailed search in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was performed to confirm the effects of medicinal plants mentioned in TPM on lactation in view of the identified pharmacological actions. RESULTS Foeniculum vulgare, Anethum graveolens, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, and Vitex agnus-castus are among the most effective galactogogue TPM plants. Many pharmacologically relevant activities have been reported for these herbs. CONCLUSION The use of traditional knowledge can pave the way toward finding effective phytopharmaceuticals for increasing breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Javan
- 1 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences , Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- 2 Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohre Feyzabadi
- 3 Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
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Towards the implementation of breastfeeding-related health services in community pharmacies: Pharmacists' perspectives. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017; 13:980-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bazzano AN, Cenac L, Brandt AJ, Barnett J, Thibeau S, Theall KP. Maternal experiences with and sources of information on galactagogues to support lactation: a cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Health 2017; 9:105-113. [PMID: 28280392 PMCID: PMC5338995 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s128517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the marketing and use of herbal galactagogues among breastfeeding mothers in the US has raised the issue of how best to provide support and information on the use of these products, particularly in light of limited availability of certified lactation counselors and continued suboptimal rates of breastfeeding globally. Currently, no cross-sectional data are available on the experiences and attitudes of mothers regarding the use of herbal and pharmaceutical galactagogues for lactation in the US. The findings of an online survey of 188 breastfeeding mothers on experiences with and sources of information on galactagogues are presented. Most mothers (76%) reported that while breastfeeding, they felt as though they were not making enough milk to meet the needs of their child, and yet 54% also indicated that they had not supplemented with formula. A large proportion of respondents reported utilizing galactagogues to increase lactation and finding them useful. The results indicated that most women learned about galactagogues from the Internet or by word of mouth through friends. Lactation consultants were the third-most reported sources of information on these products. While many respondents reported perceiving galactagogues as innocuous, more evidence on safety and efficacy is needed to support women properly who seek out and use them. Large-scale studies of the prevalence of galactagogue use in the US and rigorous evaluation of use globally are needed to ensure that mothers who choose to breastfeed may safely avail themselves of all options when counseling support is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N Bazzano
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lauren Cenac
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Amelia J Brandt
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | - Katherine P Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Bazzano AN, Littrell L, Brandt A, Thibeau S, Thriemer K, Theall KP. Health provider experiences with galactagogues to support breastfeeding: a cross-sectional survey. J Multidiscip Healthc 2016; 9:623-630. [PMID: 27895489 PMCID: PMC5118028 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months is widely recommended, yet breastfeeding rates are relatively low in the US. The most common reason women stop breastfeeding early is a perceived insufficiency of milk. Galactagogues are herbal and pharmaceutical products that can help increase milk supply; however, data on their efficacy and safety is limited. Lactation consultants, obstetricians, and other health providers are an important point of contact for breastfeeding women experiencing challenges with lactation. This study explored providers' perceptions, experiences, and practices in relation to galactagogue recommendation. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of English-speaking health providers in the US who counsel breastfeeding women and their infants. RESULTS More than 70% of respondents reported to recommend galactagogues. The most frequently recommended galactagogue was fenugreek with respondents indicating that they recommend it either 'always' (8.5%) or 'most of the time' (14.9%) and 'sometimes' (46.8%). More than 80% of the respondents indicated that galactagogues were useful for their clients and only one-third reported side effects. Reasons for refraining from recommending galactagogues were insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety. Respondents reported a wide variety of sources of information used for their own education about galactagogues. DISCUSSION Despite little evidence regarding safety and efficacy, some galactagogues are widely recommended and often perceived to be useful. However, concerns about their efficacy and safety remain. In order to assure both providers and users about safety and efficacy, more robust studies as well as better pharmacovigilance systems are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N Bazzano
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Lisa Littrell
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Amelia Brandt
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | | | | | - Katherine P Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
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