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Narisawa T, Sakai K, Nakajima H, Umino M, Yamashita H, Sugiyama K, Kiribuchi-Otobe C, Shiiba K, Yamada M, Asakura T. Effects of fatty acid hydroperoxides produced by lipoxygenase in wheat cultivars during dough preparation on volatile compound formation. Food Chem 2024; 443:138566. [PMID: 38301548 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The formation of volatile compounds affects the flavor of processed wheat flour products. Herein, the effects of the composition of fatty acid hydroperoxides and the differences in the antioxidant contents among wheat cultivars on the flavor of wheat flour products were clarified. For this purpose, the volatile compounds in wheat flour doughs, LOX activity, fatty acid hydroperoxide composition from fractionated LOX, and antioxidant content were analyzed. Norin61 exhibited a high LOX activity and 9-fatty acid hydroperoxide production. Unsaturated aldehydes derived from 9-fatty acid hydroperoxides contributed significantly to the volatile compound profile of Norin61. Moreover, the lowest lutein content was observed in Norin61 among the analyzed cultivars. The LOX activity and composition of the fatty acid hydroperoxides produced by LOX affected the production of volatile compounds, whereas carotenoids had a suppressive effect. This study provides useful information for product design with the desired flavor for developing various processed wheat flour products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Narisawa
- Saitama Industrial Technology Center Northern Laboratory, 2-133 Suehiro, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0031, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Sakai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakajima
- Saitama Industrial Technology Center Northern Laboratory, 2-133 Suehiro, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0031, Japan
| | - Marie Umino
- Saitama Industrial Technology Center Northern Laboratory, 2-133 Suehiro, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0031, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Yamashita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | | | - Kiwamu Shiiba
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Suriano S, Codianni P, Iannucci A. Carotenoids and tocols comparison in different Subspecies of Triticum turgidum and aestivum. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113620. [PMID: 37986473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and Tocols in six genotypes of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, five of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum, four of Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum, and six of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta were investigated. The aim of the present study was to identify, quantify, and compare the content of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids in different primitive and modern genotypes of wheat species in order to evaluate the lines with the highest content and possibly use them for selection and breeding programs. The Triticum durum group showed the highest mean content of total carotenoids, with lutein being the most abundant, accounting for 80.12 % (Triticum spelta) to 86.65 % (Triticum turgidum) of total carotenoids. Among the genotypes, Line 6 (Triticum durum) had the highest lutein content (12.17 μg g-1), significantly differing from the lines within its group and the other groups of dicoccum, aestivum, and spelta.Triticum dicoccum exhibited a lower average content of total tocols compared to other Triticum species. The tocols profile showed a prevalence of tocotrienols over tocopherols. β + γ-T3 was the most abundant individual tocol isomer in all Triticum genotypes, contributing for 50.40 % (Triticum ssp. aestivum) and 42.50 % (Triticum spelta) of the total content, respectively. The highest β + γ-T3 content (23.83 μg/g) was found in Line 6 of Triticum durum. Correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses revealed positive correlations between total tocols and β/γ tocotrienols, significant differences between various groups of the same species, formation of six clusters labeled as I to VI, and the identification of genotypes from the same species grouped in different clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafino Suriano
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Codianni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Iannucci
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Calvi A, Preiti G, Gastl M, Poiana M, Zarnkow M. Malting process optimization of an Italian common wheat landrace (Triticum aestivum L.) through response surface methodology and desirability approach. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Guan P, Li X, Zhuang L, Wu B, Huang J, Zhao J, Qiao L, Zheng J, Hao C, Zheng X. Genetic dissection of lutein content in common wheat via association and linkage mapping. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3127-3141. [PMID: 35951035 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic architecture controlling grain lutein content of common wheat was investigated through an integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and linkage analysis. Putative candidate genes involved in carotenoid metabolism and regulation were identified, which provide a basis for gene cloning and development of nutrient-enriched wheat varieties through molecular breeding. Lutein, known as 'the eye vitamin', is an important component of wheat nutritional and end-use quality. However, the genetic manipulation of grain lutein content (LUC) in common wheat has not previously been well studied. Here, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the LUC measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were first identified by integrating a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and linkage mapping. A Chinese wheat mini-core collection (MCC) of 262 accessions and a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from Jinchun 7 and L1219 were genotyped using the 90K SNP array. A total of 124 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) on all 21 wheat chromosomes except for 1A, 4D, and 5B that formed 58 QTL were detected. Among them, six stable QTL were identified on chromosomes 2AL, 2DS, 3BL, 3DL, 7AL, and 7BS. Meanwhile, three of the ten QTL identified in the DH population, QLuc.5A.1 and QLuc.5A.2 on chromosome 5AL and QLuc.6A.2 on 6AS, were stable and independently explained 5.58-10.86% of the phenotypic variation. The QLuc.6A.2 region colocalized with two MTAs identified by GWAS. Moreover, 71 carotenoid metabolism-related candidate genes were identified, and the allelic effects were analyzed in the MCC panel based on the 90K array. Results revealed that the genes CYP97A3 (Chr. 6B) and CCD1 (Chr. 5A) were significantly associated with LUC. Additionally, the gene PSY3 (QLuc.5A.1) and several candidate genes involved in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways colocalized with stable QTL regions. The present study provides potential targets for future functional gene exploration and molecular breeding in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Guan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bangbang Wu
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xingwei Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Flowerika, Thakur N, Tiwari S. Correlation of carotenoid accumulation and expression pattern of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes in Indian wheat varieties. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Carotenoid Extraction from Locally and Organically Produced Cereals Using Saponification Method. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are important phytochemicals contributing nutritional health benefits in the human diet, with a significant contribution from cereals as one of the major food component around the world. Different methods have been described and adopted for the extraction and isolation of carotenoid compounds. Saponification can be seen as an option for carotenoid extraction from cereals as it converts retinol esters to retinol and removes other abundant compounds such as triglycerides. Extraction of carotenoids content of locally adapted and organic cereals have been limitedly investigated and was, therefore, evaluated in the present study, with a specific aim to understand genotypic and local cultivation effects and interactions. Therefore, 17 diverse cereal genotypes of local origin were grown organically in four localities and evaluated for carotenoid content and composition by HPLC. The results showed a large variation in content and composition of carotenoids in locally adapted and organically grown cereal genotypes, with lutein as the dominating type in wheat and rye, while zeaxanthin was the dominating type in barley. High-level genotypes showed values (9.9 mg/kg of total carotenoids) similar to the highest values previously reported in specific types of wheat. The barley genotypes showed relatively high stability in carotenoids content within and between cultivation locations, while large interactions were found with the cultivation location for the rest of the genotypes, indicating their local adaptation. The local adaptation of the cereal genotypes evaluated contributes large opportunities for local production of high value, highly nutritious food products, while the direct value of these genotypes for conventional plant breeding for varieties performing similar over broad environmental ranges, are more limited.
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Johansson E, Prieto-Linde ML, Larsson H. Locally Adapted and Organically Grown Landrace and Ancient Spring Cereals-A Unique Source of Minerals in the Human Diet. Foods 2021; 10:393. [PMID: 33670193 PMCID: PMC7916914 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer interest in local and organic produce, sustainability along the production chain and food products contributing to health, are laying the foundation for local and organic-based diets using nutrient-dense food. Here, we evaluated 25 locally adapted landrace and ancient spring cereal genotypes per location over four locations and three years, for mineral content, nutritional yield and nutrient density. The results showed a large variation in minerals content and composition in the genotypes, but also over cultivation locations, cultivation years and for genotype groups. Highest minerals content was found in oats, while highest content of Zn and Fe was found in ancient wheats. The wheat Diamant brun, the wheat landrace Öland and naked barley showed high mineral values and high content of Zn and Fe when grown in Alnarp. Nutritional yield, of the cereals evaluated here, was high related to values reported internationally but lower than those found in a comparable winter wheat material. The nutrient density was generally high; less than 350 g was needed if any of the evaluated genotype groups were to be used in the daily diet to reach the recommended value of Zn and Fe, while if the suggested Novel Nordic Diet mix was used, only 250 g were needed. A transfer from currently consumed cereals to those in the present study, along the New Nordic Diet path, showed their potential to contribute as sustainable and nutrient-rich sources in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 101, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (M.L.P.-L.); (H.L.)
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Loskutov IG, Khlestkina EK. Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:E86. [PMID: 33401643 PMCID: PMC7823506 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grains provide half of the calories consumed by humans. In addition, they contain important compounds beneficial for health. During the last years, a broad spectrum of new cereal grain-derived products for dietary purposes emerged on the global food market. Special breeding programs aimed at cultivars utilizable for these new products have been launched for both the main sources of staple foods (such as rice, wheat, and maize) and other cereal crops (oat, barley, sorghum, millet, etc.). The breeding paradigm has been switched from traditional grain quality indicators (for example, high breadmaking quality and protein content for common wheat or content of protein, lysine, and starch for barley and oat) to more specialized ones (high content of bioactive compounds, vitamins, dietary fibers, and oils, etc.). To enrich cereal grain with functional components while growing plants in contrast to the post-harvesting improvement of staple foods with natural and synthetic additives, the new breeding programs need a source of genes for the improvement of the content of health benefit components in grain. The current review aims to consider current trends and achievements in wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health-benefiting components. The sources of these valuable genes are plant genetic resources deposited in genebanks: landraces, rare crop species, or even wild relatives of cultivated plants. Traditional plant breeding approaches supplemented with marker-assisted selection and genetic editing, as well as high-throughput chemotyping techniques, are exploited to speed up the breeding for the desired genotуpes. Biochemical and genetic bases for the enrichment of the grain of modern cereal crop cultivars with micronutrients, oils, phenolics, and other compounds are discussed, and certain cases of contributions to special health-improving diets are summarized. Correlations between the content of certain bioactive compounds and the resistance to diseases or tolerance to certain abiotic stressors suggest that breeding programs aimed at raising the levels of health-benefiting components in cereal grain might at the same time match the task of developing cultivars adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor G. Loskutov
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg 190000, Russia;
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Atta BM, Saleem M, Ali H, Bilal M, Fayyaz M. Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Wheat Crop: Early Disease Detection and Associated Molecular Changes. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:801-810. [PMID: 32430862 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was explored in the current study for the detection of stripe rust in wheat. The healthy and stripe rust leaves were collected from the disease screening nursery. The variations in the blue-green region and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in leaves provides the basis for the detection of stripe rust infection. With the progress of disease, the variations in the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) spectrum was witnessed. SFS is an excellent tool for the simultaneous measurement of multiple compound samples, in case of plants it generates evidence regarding the occurrence of leaf fluorophore bands thus revealing the biochemical variations going on at different infection stages. Based on the results of the current study, it is inferred that p-coumaric acid has the highest intensity in healthy samples followed by the asymptomatic leaf samples, whereas the band intensity of α-tocopherol, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, tannins, flavonoid, carotenoids and anthocyanins increases in the diseased and the asymptomatic samples accordingly to the rust infection. Principal component analysis (PCA) beautifully differentiated the healthy and the infected leaf samples. It is evident that the asymptomatic samples are grouped with the diseased samples or independently; indicating the start of disease infection, the decision that is hard to make with the visual assessments. The results of the current study suggest that the fluorescence emission and the SFS spectral signatures acquired for stripe rust could be utilized as fingerprints for early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Manzoor Atta
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ali
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fayyaz
- Crop Diseases Research Institute (CDRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Inactivation of Salmonella spp. in wheat flour by 395 nm pulsed light emitting diode (LED) treatment and the related functional and structural changes of gluten. Food Res Int 2020; 127:108716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mignon-Grasteau S, Beauclercq S, Urvoix S, Le Bihan-Duval E. Interest in the serum color as an indirect criterion of selection of digestive efficiency in chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 99:702-707. [PMID: 32036974 PMCID: PMC7587746 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the digestive efficiency of birds is becoming increasingly important with the diversification of feedstuffs used in poultry diets. Compared with time-consuming chemical analyses that were previously used to measure digestive efficiency, near-infrared spectroscopy has been a great advance as it was fast and thus allowed measurements to be taken from a large number of animals, as required for genetic studies. However, it still implies to rear the birds in cages to collect feces, which is questionable in terms of welfare. The purpose of this study was thus to establish whether the serum color could be used as a biomarker of digestive efficiency that would be easy and fast to measure on floor-reared animals. We first compared the serum color of 2 lines of chickens divergently selected for high or low digestive efficiency when fed with a wheat-based diet. Digestive efficiency was assessed by nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy. Color was assessed by the absorbance of the serum between 300 and 572 nm. Color differed between the 2 lines between 430 and 572 nm, which corresponds to the absorption zone of carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin. In a second step, we estimated the heritability of serum color measurements and their genetic correlations with digestive efficiency. Taking these parameters into account, in our experimental conditions the best trait among those tested that can be used as a biomarker of digestive efficiency is serum absorbance at 492 nm, with a heritability estimate of 0.31 ± 0.09 and a genetic correlation with digestive efficiency of 0.84 ± 0.28.
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12
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Lipophilic fraction and its antioxidant capacity in sixteen spelt genotypes cultivated in Poland. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Labuschagne M, Mkhatywa N, Johansson E, Wentzel B, van Biljon A. The Content of Tocols in South African Wheat; Impact on Nutritional Benefits. Foods 2017; 6:foods6110095. [PMID: 29099067 PMCID: PMC5704139 DOI: 10.3390/foods6110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major component within human consumption, and due to the large intake of wheat, it has an impact on human nutritional health. This study aimed at an increased understanding of how the content and composition of tocols may be governed for increased nutritional benefit of wheat consumption. Therefore, ten South African wheat cultivars from three locations were fractionated into white and whole flour, the content and concentration of tocols were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and vitamin E activity was determined. The content and composition of tocols and vitamin E activity differed with fractionation, genotype, environment, and their interaction. The highest tocol content (59.8 mg kg-1) was obtained in whole flour for the cultivar Elands grown in Ladybrand, while whole Caledon flour from Clarence resulted in the highest vitamin E activity (16.3 mg kg-1). The lowest vitamin E activity (1.9 mg kg-1) was found in the cultivar C1PAN3118 from Ladybrand. High values of tocotrienols were obtained in whole flour of the cultivars Caledon (30.5 mg kg-1 in Clarens), Elands (35.5 mg kg-1 in Ladybrand), and Limpopo (33.7 mg kg-1 in Bultfontein). The highest tocotrienol to tocopherol ratio was found in white flour (2.83) due to higher reduction of tocotrienols than of tocopherols at fractionation. The quantity and composition of tocols can be governed in wheat flour, primarily by the selection of fractionation method at flour production, but also complemented by selection of genetic material and the growing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Nomcebo Mkhatywa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | | | - Angeline van Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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15
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Mineral Nutritional Yield and Nutrient Density of Locally Adapted Wheat Genotypes under Organic Production. Foods 2016; 5:foods5040089. [PMID: 28231184 PMCID: PMC5302432 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to investigate the nutritional yield, nutrient density, stability, and adaptability of organically produced wheat for sustainable and nutritional high value food production. This study evaluated the nutritional yield of four minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mg) in 19 wheat genotypes, selected as being locally adapted under organic agriculture conditions. The new metric of nutritional yield was calculated for each genotype and they were evaluated for stability using the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis and for genotypic value, stability, and adaptability using the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP procedure). The results indicated that there were genotypes suitable for production under organic agriculture conditions with satisfactory yields (>4000 kg·ha−1). Furthermore, these genotypes showed high nutritional yield and nutrient density for the four minerals studied. Additionally, since these genotypes were stable and adaptable over three environmentally different years, they were designated “balanced genotypes” for the four minerals and for the aforementioned characteristics. Selection and breeding of such “balanced genotypes” may offer an alternative to producing nutritious food under low-input agriculture conditions. Furthermore, the type of evaluation presented here may also be of interest for implementation in research conducted in developing countries, following the objectives of producing enough nutrients for a growing population.
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A single desaturase gene from red yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus is responsible for both four- and five-step dehydrogenation of phytoene. Gene 2016; 590:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Intake of antioxidant nutrients and coefficients of variation in pregnant women with preeclampsia. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Menezes de Oliveira AC, Albuquerque Santos A, Rodrigues Bezerra A, Machado Tavares MC, Rocha de Barros AM, Costa Ferreira R. Intake of antioxidant nutrients and coefficients of variation in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Rev Port Cardiol 2016; 35:469-76. [PMID: 27503592 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Evidence suggests that adequate intake of antioxidants can modulate this condition. The objective of this study was to assess the intake of antioxidant nutrients and coefficients of variation in pregnant women with preeclampsia. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in the public health network of the city of Maceió, Brazil, a dietary survey was performed consisting of 24-hour food recalls, with subsequent adjustment of nutrients using the estimated average requirement as the cutoff point, and a questionnaire on frequency of consumption of antioxidants. RESULTS We studied 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia (PWP) and 90 pregnant women without preeclampsia (PWoP) with mean ages of 25.8±6.7 years and 24.1±6.2 years (p=0.519), respectively. A low mean intake of antioxidants (vitamin A, selenium, zinc and copper) was observed in both PWP and PWoP, although intakes of vitamin A (p=0.045) and selenium (p=0.008) were higher in PWoP. In addition, we observed high coefficients of variation in nutrient intakes in both groups, which were higher for vitamin C (p<0.001), vitamin A (p=0.006) and copper (p=0.005) in PWP. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of antioxidant nutrients by pregnant women with preeclampsia is inadequate, with considerable daily variations in intake, which points to a need for nutrition education strategies aimed at improving intakes, because diet is without doubt a key factor in the modulation of oxidative stress caused by preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianne Albuquerque Santos
- Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (HUPPA/UFAL), Maceió, AL, Brasil
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