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Yu JJ, Everett L, Sassalos TM, Johnson MW. SEVERE MULTIFOCAL PLACOID CHORIORETINITIS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR THERAPY. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:459-463. [PMID: 36913672 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of severe bilateral multifocal placoid chorioretinitis in a patient receiving ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma. METHODS Retrospective, observational case report. RESULTS A 31-year-old woman on ipilimumab and nivolumab for metastatic melanoma developed severe multifocal placoid chorioretinitis in both eyes. The patient was started on topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy was paused. After resolution of ocular inflammation, the patient was restarted on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy without return of ocular symptoms. CONCLUSION Extensive multifocal placoid chorioretinitis may occur in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Some patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related uveitis may successfully resume immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy under close collaboration with the treating oncologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Lesley Everett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Therese M Sassalos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Mark W Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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2
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Trujillo E, Monreal-Escalante E, Angulo C. Microalgae-made human vaccines and therapeutics: A decade of advances. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400091. [PMID: 38719615 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal emergence is a promising platform with two-decade historical background for producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. During that period, microalgal-based vaccines have reported successful production for various diseases. Thus, species selection is important for genetic transformation and delivery methods that have been developed. Although many vaccine prototypes have been produced for infectious and non-infectious diseases, fewer studies have reached immunological and immunoprotective evaluations. Microalgae-made vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus, malaria, influenza, human papilloma, and Zika viruses have been explored in their capacity to induce humoral or cellular immune responses and protective efficacies against experimental challenges. Therefore, specific pathogen antigens and immune system role are important and addressed in controlling these infections. Regarding non-communicable diseases, these vaccines have been investigated for breast cancer; microalgal-produced therapeutic molecules and microalgal-made interferon-α have been explored for hypertension and potential applications in treating viral infections and cancer, respectively. Thus, conducting immunological trials is emphasized, discussing the promising results observed in terms of immunogenicity, desired immune response for controlling affections, and challenges for achieving the desired protection levels. The potential advantages and hurdles associated with this innovative approach are highlighted, underlining the relevance of assessing immune responses in preclinical and clinical trials to validate the efficacy of these biopharmaceuticals. The promising future of this healthcare technology is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Trujillo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
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Silva V, Matos C. Recent updates in the therapeutic uses of Pembrolizumab: a brief narrative review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03491-8. [PMID: 38658461 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of cancer has been improved with the discovery of biological drugs that act as immune checkpoint inhibitors. In 2017, FDA designated pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor employed in immunotherapy, as the first tissue-agnostic cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES To review pembrolizumab's use in oncology, gather and examine the latest discoveries regarding the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in cancer treatment. METHODOLOGY A literature review was conducted through PubMed(Medline) from January 2015 to December 2023 using "pembrolizumab", "cancer" and "treatment" as search terms. RESULTS Pembrolizumab demonstrated effectiveness as primary treatment for metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer, unresectable esophageal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and alternative treatment for notable triple-negative breast cancer, biliary, colorectal, endometrial, renal cell, cervical carcinoma, and high microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiencies tumors. Pediatric applications include treatment for refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSION Evolving research on pembrolizumab allows a deeper clinical understanding, despite challenges as variable patient responses. Pembrolizumab has emerged as a pivotal breakthrough in cancer treatment, improving patient outcomes and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, EPE, 3004-561, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Matos
- QLV Research Consulting, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School Pharmacy, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Babu S, Choudhary A, Jacob L, K N L, A H R, L K R, Saldanha S, Amirtham U, C R V. Frequency of Programmed Death Receptor Ligand 1 Expression and Clinicopathological Factors Associated With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer at a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre in South India. Cureus 2024; 16:e55880. [PMID: 38595897 PMCID: PMC11002970 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor outcome compared to other subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment paradigm in metastatic diseases as well as in neoadjuvant setting. The response to these agents is affected by programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) receptor expression which are reported objectively as a score. PDL1 is a prognostic marker also. Here, we present clinicopathological characteristics of metastatic TNBCs, report the proportion of PDL1 expression and its association with clinicopathological factors as well as survival. Methods This is a prospective study carried out at a tertiary cancer care centre in South India. Case records of all breast cancer patients treated in two years between August 2021 and July 2023 were reviewed, patients with metastatic TNBC were selected. Patient's characteristics, histological features, molecular profile, and treatment were analyzed. PDL1 testing was carried out on pretreatment tumor tissue sections with immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Dako 22C3). PDL1 staining was interpreted as negative or positive based on combined positive score (CPS), with an expression less than 10 considered negative. Results A total of 118 patients were analyzed. With a median age of 46 years (36-65 years), 52.5% (62/118) were premenopausal. Family history of Ca Breast was seen in 22% (26/118) patients. A majority of patients had left-sided tumor 55.9% (66/118). Visceral metastasis was more common 96.6% (82/118) than skeletal. Radical intent of treatment was adopted in 10% as patients had oligometastatic disease at presentation. As front-line treatment, anthracycline-based chemotherapy was administered to the majority 54.2% (64/118). The PDL1 expression with CPS more or equal to 10 was seen in 32.2% (38/118) patients. Survival was associated with menopausal status (p value=0.000) and family history (p value=0.028) but not with PDL1 nor sidedness in our study. Estimated survival at 12 months in PDL1 negative case is 10 ± 0.29 months, while in PDL1 positive case it is slightly more at 10 ± 0.75 months, but difference was not found to be statistically significant (p value=0.15). Conclusion TNBCs are highly aggressive subtype with limited treatment options and poorer outcomes. Our study shows PDL1 expression in 31.66% of the cases similar to other literature from India. Survival is associated with menopausal status and family history. No association was found between survival and PDL1 as well sidedness in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Babu
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Akansha Choudhary
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Linu Jacob
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Lokesh K N
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Rudresha A H
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Rajeev L K
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Smitha Saldanha
- Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Usha Amirtham
- Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
| | - Vijay C R
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, IND
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Chen X, Meng C, Wang X, Wu Z, Sun X, Sun C, Zheng L, Li W, Jia W, Tang T. Exploring CCL11 in breast cancer: unraveling its anticancer potential and immune modulatory effects involving the Akt-S6 signaling. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:69. [PMID: 38305920 PMCID: PMC10837270 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCL11, a chemokine known for recruiting immune cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME), has an unclear role in the context of its expression, patient prognosis, and the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) in breast cancer. METHODS The expression of CCL11 in invasive breast cancer (BRCA) was analyzed using TCGA database. Survival curve and Cox regression analysis determined the potential of CCL11 as an independent prognostic indicator. GSEA performed functional analysis on genes related to CCL11. CIBERSORT algorithm quantified the infiltration level of immune cells with varying CCL11 expression. Lastly, the correlation between CCL11 expression and anticancer drug sensitivity was examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR confirmed CCL11 expression in clinical tissue samples. The anti-tumor efficacy of CCL11 was investigated using CCK-8, plate formation, transwell assay, and Western blot. RESULTS CCL11 expression was elevated in BRCA tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was longer in patients with high expression of CCL11. Enrichment and co-expression analyses revealed CCL11's association with numerous immune-related signaling pathways and genes. Validation studies confirmed high CCL11 expression in breast cancer tissues. In vitro experiments substantiated CCL11's anticancer effects in BRCA. CONCLUSION CCL11 expression correlates with immune cell infiltration in breast cancer, indicating its potential as a prognostic biomarker for BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenxu Meng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zanhui Wu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - WenJun Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Zhao X, Yang Y, Pan Z, Lv W, Rao X, Wang X, Yu X. Plateletcrit is predictive of clinical outcome and prognosis for early-stage breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6944. [PMID: 38348939 PMCID: PMC10832319 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is diagnosed as the most common cancer in women in 2022 according to the American Cancer Society. It is essential to detect early and treat early. Several studies have shown that some blood parameters have important predictive value for BC. In this study, we aim to explore whether some immune-associated blood parameters are relevant to disease-free survival (DFS) in early-stage BC. METHODS A single-center, regression cohort study of 1490 patients with early-stage BC in Shanghai Cancer Center was conducted from January 2008 to December 2016. The patients were matched according to the ratio of 1:1 based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM). All patients who experienced disease progression were matched successfully. Thus, 58 pairs of subjects were obtained. Matched blood parameters were evaluated by paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Factors with statistical difference were further evaluated by stratified COX regression model. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed differences in platelet-related parameters (PLT, PCT, and PLR) and NLR between the two matched groups. However, stratified COX regression analysis, which ruled out the confounding effects of multiple factors, found that only PCT had prognostic value in early BC patients at baseline and study endpoint. Meanwhile, platelet-related parameters (PLT, MPV) and NLR were different in the progressive group by self before and after comparison. However, the multiple-factor analysis showed that only the NLR had prognostic value. ROC curve analysis indicated that the best sensitivity (65.45%) and specificity (78.18%) were obtained when the baseline PCT was 0.225. The optimal sensitivity (70.91%) and specificity (65.45%) were obtained when the PCT of disease progression was 0.215. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to calculate the DFS rate based on the critical values of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Some blood parameters have value to predict DFS in early-stage BC patients, especially platelet-associated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yilan Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Pan
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Weiluo Lv
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xinxin Rao
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyShanghaiChina
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Damough S, Bayat E, Oghabi Bakhshaiesh T, Barkhordari F, Esmaeili R, Nematollahi L, Talebkhan Y. Recombinant anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 single-chain variable fragment-alpha-luffin fusion protein as a putative immunotoxin against human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-positive breast cancer cells: an experimental research. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4348-4354. [PMID: 37663730 PMCID: PMC10473382 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in women. The application of immunotoxins to target overexpressed biomarkers on the surface of cancer cells and delivery of the toxin molecules into these cells has attracted too much attention during the last decade. Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the possible in-vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of previously designed recombinant immunotoxin compromising anti-HER2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and alpha-luffin protein in human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines. Materials and methods The previously designed recombinant immunotoxin and alpha-luffin protein were expressed in E. coli host cells and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. The cytotoxicity of the proteins was tested through MTT and apoptosis studies on HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines. Results Treatment of SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 cells with the immunotoxin caused differential cytotoxicity and apoptotic events. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the immunotoxin could arrest SKBR3 cells at the G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis and cell death which were not observed in HER2-negative MDA-MB-468 cells. Annexin V/PI staining revealed late apoptotic events in SKBR3 cells treated with the immunotoxin which was different from the early apoptosis induced by the alpha-luffin protein alone. Conclusions This immunotoxin could be a promising tool in developing new targeted therapeutic agents against HER2-positive cancer cells. Animal experiments are needed before making firmed conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Damough
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran
| | - Elham Bayat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran
| | | | | | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Department of Genetic, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Peng J, Wei Q, Zhou S, Gu Z, Lv K. Effect of caspase-1 ( CASP1) combined with multimodal ultrasound features on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2138-2154. [PMID: 37701103 PMCID: PMC10493798 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BRCA) is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate among women in the world, and its mortality rate ranks second. The purpose of our study is to explore the correlation between caspase-1 (CASP1) and the prognosis of BRCA patients and the potential mechanism of action, and to analyze the clinical value of CASP1 combined with multimodal ultrasound features in early screening and prognosis of BRCA. Methods We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to confirm that CASP1 was expressed in BRCA patients and determine whether its expression was correlated with patient prognosis. The relationship between CASP1 expression and survival was measured by the clinicopathological parameters. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression, and a nomogram was developed using these results for quality assurance purposes. The correlations between CASP1 and immune cells were investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and TCGA databases. Next, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to determine the potential mechanism of action. Finally, to analyze the effect of CASP1 combined with multimodal ultrasonography characteristics on the prognosis of BRCA patients was studied by analyzing the clinical data of patients. Results CASP1 expression was lower in BRCA tumor tissues than in the surrounding tissues. Patients with high CASP1 expression had better overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) than those with low CASP1 expression. GSEA suggested that CASP1 may affect the cell cycle, immune environment, inflammation, apoptosis, the HIPPOMERLIN pathway, Natural killer (NK) cell regulation of cytotoxicity, p53 expression, the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, extracellular matrix, etc., thereby influencing the biological events in BRCA. Among conventional ultrasound features and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features, mass margin status and blood flow grade were associated with the expression of CASP1. Meanwhile, patients with poor ultrasound features tended to have low CASP1 expression. Conclusions CASP1 may be a novel predictive marker for BRCA patients. CASP1 combined with multimodal ultrasound features has good clinical value in the early screening and prognostic prediction of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shibo Zhou
- Department of CT, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhutong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangtai Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Berner M, Hartmann A, Erber R. Role of Surgical Pathologist for Detection of Predictive Immuno-oncological Factors in Breast Cancer. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:195-202. [PMID: 36418243 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed therapy strategies in breast cancer (BC) patients suffering from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). For example, in Europe the anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) ICI Azetolizumab is approved for adult patients with locally advanced or metastasized TNBC (mTNBC), depending on the immunohistochemical (IHC) PD-L1 expression of immune cells in the tumor area [immune cell (IC) score ≥1%); the anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) ICI pembrolizumab is approved for mTNBC if PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS), that is PD-L1 expression on tumor and/or immune cells, is ≥10. For early TNBC, in contrast, neoadjuvant use of pembrolizumab is approved in the United States and Europe independent from PD-L1 IHC expression. The determination of PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue to predict response to ICI therapy requires sensitive immunostaining with appropriate primary antibodies and staining protocols and a standardized and meticulous assessment of PD-L1 IHC stained breast cancer tissue slides. For the selection of the test material and continuous quality control of the dyeing, high standards must be applied. The evaluation is carried out according to various evaluation algorithms (scores). Here, the role of PD-L1 in BC and the currently most relevant PD-L1 assays and scores for TNBC will be explained. Furthermore, other tissue-based biomarkers potentially predictive for ICI therapy response in BC, for example, tumor mutational burden (TMB), will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Berner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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Kothari N, Postwala H, Pandya A, Shah A, Shah Y, Chorawala MR. Establishing the applicability of cancer vaccines in combination with chemotherapeutic entities: current aspect and achievable prospects. Med Oncol 2023; 40:135. [PMID: 37014489 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is one of the recently developed cancer treatment modalities. When compared with conventional anticancer drug regimens, immunotherapy has shown significantly better outcomes in terms of quality of life and overall survival. It incorporates a wide range of immunomodulatory modalities that channel the effects of the immune system either by broadly modulating the host immune system or by accurately targeting distinct tumor antigens. One such treatment modality that has gained interest is cancer vaccine therapy which acts by developing antibodies against tumor cells. Cancer vaccines target individual peptides or groups of antigens that are released by tumor cells and presented by the APCs. This also initiates an effective process to activate the host immune responses. Studies on various types of cancer vaccines are conducted, out of which only few are approved by FDA for clinical uses. Despite of documented safety and efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and cancer vaccines, individually they did not produce substantial results in eradication of the cancer as a monotherapy. Hence, the combination approach holds the extensive potential to provide significant improvement in disease outcomes. Certain chemotherapy has immunomodulatory effects and is proven to synergize with cancer vaccines thereby enhancing their anti-tumor activities. Chemotherapeutic agents are known to have immunostimulatory mechanisms apart from its cytotoxic effect and intensify the anti-tumor activities of vaccines by various mechanisms. This review highlights various cancer vaccines, their mechanism, and how their activity gets affected by chemotherapeutic agents. It also aims at summarizing the evidence-based outcome of the combination approach of a cancer vaccine with chemotherapy and a brief on future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjari Kothari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Aanshi Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India.
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Yousif AM, Ismail P. Clinical significance of salivary, serum, nitric oxide, and arginase in breast cancer. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2022.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among females. A source of sampling for clinical diagnosis is saliva which has been utilized and it is a promising approach as collecting saliva is relatively easy and non-invasive. Over the past two decades, utilizing saliva as a biomarker, specifically for early cancer diagnosis has attracted much research interest.
Aim: To alter the sample collection from blood to saliva for some components such as nitric oxide (NO) and arginase, in order to detect an easy, earlier and noninvasive diagnostic test as biomarkers and prognostic tools in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: A total of 73 female volunteers were participated in this study, 25 healthy volunteers compared with 48 patients with breast cancer in order to estimate and compare both salivary and blood level components such as NO and arginase.
Results: The mean blood and salivary samples for both nitric oxide and arginase levels were significantly raised in patients with breast cancer when they compared with controls (p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this study the changing of salivary levels of NO and arginase as compared with blood may be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool alternative to serum testing component, which were significantly increased in patients with breast cancer in both blood and saliva and also, may be used as biomarkers and tumor progression tests in diagnosing of breast cancer.
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Combination Analysis of Ferroptosis and Immune Status Predicts Patients Survival in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010147. [PMID: 36671532 PMCID: PMC9855618 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of iron-dependent cell death and plays an important role during the occurrence and development of various tumors. Increasingly, evidence shows a convincing interaction between ferroptosis and tumor immunity, which affects cancer patients' prognoses. These two processes cooperatively regulate different developmental stages of tumors and could be considered important tumor therapeutic targets. However, reliable prognostic markers screened based on the combination of ferroptosis and tumor immune status have not been well characterized. Here, we chose the ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms to evaluate the ferroptosis and immune status of a TCGA breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cohort, which revealed their correlation characteristics as well as patients' prognoses. The WGCNA algorithm was used to identify genes related to both ferroptosis and immunity. Univariate COX, LASSO regression, and multivariate Cox regression models were used to screen prognostic-related genes and construct prognostic risk models. Based on the ferroptosis and immune scores, the cohort was divided into three groups: a high-ferroptosis/low-immune group, a low-ferroptosis/high-immune group, and a mixed group. These three groups exhibited distinctive survival characteristics, as well as unique clinical phenotypes, immune characteristics, and activated signaling pathways. Among them, low-ferroptosis and high-immune statuses were favorable factors for the survival rates of patients. A total of 34 differentially expressed genes related to ferroptosis-immunity were identified among the three groups. After univariate, Lasso regression, and multivariate stepwise screening, two key prognostic genes (GNAI2, PSME1) were identified. Meanwhile, a risk prognosis model was constructed, which can predict the overall survival rate in the validation set. Lastly, we verified the importance of model genes in three independent GEO cohorts. In short, we constructed a prognostic model that assists in patient risk stratification based on ferroptosis-immune-related genes in IDC. This model helps assess patients' prognoses and guide individualized treatment, which also further eelucidatesthe molecular mechanisms of IDC.
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Hu X, Guo B, Sun T, Wang W. Inhibition of glycolysis represses the growth and alleviates the endoplasmic reticulum stress of breast cancer cells by regulating TMTC3. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230635. [PMID: 37069941 PMCID: PMC10105522 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the role of glycolysis inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer, including breast cancer (BC), we wondered whether glycolysis could affect BC progression by regulating transmembrane O-mannosyltransferase-targeting cadherins 3 (TMTC3). Following the intervention, lactic acid production in BC cells was monitored, and viability, proliferation, and apoptosis assays were performed. The expressions of TMTC3 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and apoptosis-related factors Caspase-12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) were quantified. TMTC3 was lowly expressed in BC tissue and cell. The promotion of glycolysis via glucose represses TMTC3 expression and apoptosis yet enhances lactic acid production and growth of BC cell, along with promoted levels of Caspase-12, CHOP, GRP78, and Bcl-2 yet repressed level of Bax, while the contrary results were evidenced after 2-deoxyglycouse intervention. Overexpressed TMTC3 additionally abrogated the effects of glycolysis on increasing the viability and proliferation yet inhibiting the apoptosis of BC cells, with the increased expressions of Caspase-12, CHOP, and GRP78, and Bcl-2 yet decreased level of Bax. Collectively, inhibiting glycolysis restrained the growth and attenuated the ER stress of BC cell by regulating TMTC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Baoliang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai
Avenue, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
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Zhou W, Li Y, Gu D, Xu J, Wang R, Wang H, Liu C. High expression COL10A1 promotes breast cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11083. [PMID: 36281404 PMCID: PMC9586897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a common malignant disease in females, breast cancer (BCa) causes increasing numbers of cancer-related death. Collagen X alpha 1 chain (COL10A1) plays a critical role in the oncogenesis and progression of malignant tumors. However, a systematic analysis of COL10A1 in BCa has not been conducted. Methods The COL10A1 expression level and prognostic value in BCa were defined through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as the Kaplan-Meier plotter data respectively. The expression pattern of COL10A1 was subsequently confirmed on tissue microarray (TMA) by immunochemistry (IHC) staining. Moreover, cellular functional assays which aimed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were conducted to investigate the oncogenic activity of COL10A1 in BCa. Then, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was adopted to determine the association between COL10A1 expression and immune cell infiltration. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL10A1 was significantly overexpressed and had notable prognostic value, especially for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in BCa. Moreover, IHC analysis of 140 BCa tissues on TMA chips exhibited the overexpression of COL10A1 was correlated to advanced clinical stage, poor overall survival (OS), and worse recurrence-free survival (RFS). Besides, knockdown of COL10A1 remarkably suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in BCa cells, and notably promoted cell apoptosis as well. Furthermore, COL10A1 was positively associated with immune cell infiltration including B cell, CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell. Conclusion The results revealed that COL10A1 is a novel oncogene and could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in BCa. Besides, the downregulation of COL10A1 could inhibit BCa progression, which could be a potential target for BCa therapy.
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EL-HOUSEINI MOTAWAE, ARAFAT MOSTAFAS, EL-HUSSEINY AHMEDM, KASEM ISLAMM, KAMEL MAHMOUDM, EL-HABASHY AHMEDH, KHAFAGY MEDHATM, RADWAN ENASM, HELAL MAHAH, ABDELLATEIF MONAS. Biological and molecular studies on specific immune cells treated with checkpoint inhibitors for the thera-personal approach of breast cancer patients ( ex-vivo study). Oncol Res 2022; 29:319-330. [PMID: 37305162 PMCID: PMC10207991 DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.025249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy becomes a promising line of treatment for breast cancer (BC) however, its success rate is still limited. Methods The study was designed to optimize the condition for producing an effective dendritic cell (DCs) based immunotherapy by using DCs and T lymphocytes together with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs), treated with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies. This mixture of immune cells was co-cultured with autologous breast cancer cells (BCCs) isolated from 26 BC females. Results There was a significant upregulation of CD86 and CD83 on DCs (p = 0.001 and 0.017, respectively), similarly upregulation of CD8, CD4 and CD103 on T cells (p = 0.031, 0.027, and 0.011, respectively). While there was a significant downregulation of FOXP3 and combined CD25.CD8 expression on regulatory T cells (p = 0.014 for both). Increased CD8/Foxp3 ratio (p < 0.001) was also observed. CD133, CD34 and CD44 were downregulated on BCCs (p = 0.01, 0.021, and 0.015, respectively). There was a significant increase in interferon-γ (IFN-γ, p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, p = 0.02), and a significant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, p < 0.001) protein levels. Gene expression of FOXP3 and Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) were downregulated in BCCs (p < 0.001, for both), similarly cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4, p = 0.02), Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, p < 0.001) and FOXP3 (p < 0.001) were significantly downregulated in T cells. Conclusion Ex-vivo activation of immune cells (DCs, T cells, TIDCs, and TILs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors could produce a potent and effective BC immunotherapy. However, these data should be validated on an experimental animal model to be transferred to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- MOTAWA E. EL-HOUSEINI
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
| | - MOSTAFA S. ARAFAT
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - ISLAM M. KASEM
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - MAHMOUD M. KAMEL
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
| | - AHMED H. EL-HABASHY
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
| | - MEDHAT M. KHAFAGY
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
| | - ENAS M. RADWAN
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
| | - MAHA H. HELAL
- Radio-Diagnosis Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
| | - MONA S. ABDELLATEIF
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
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16
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Wu L, Lu H, Pan Y, Liu C, Wang J, Chen B, Wang Y. The role of pyroptosis and its crosstalk with immune therapy in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973935. [PMID: 36119049 PMCID: PMC9477010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a brand-new category of programmed cell death (PCD) that is brought on by multitudinous inflammasomes, which can recognize several stimuli to pilot the cleavage of and activate inflammatory cytokines like IL-18 and IL-1β is believed to have dual effects on the development of multiple cancers including breast cancer. However, pyroptosis has different effects on cancers depending on the type of tissues and their distinct heredity. Recently, the association between pyroptosis and breast cancer has received more and more attention, and it is thought that inducing pyroptosis could be used as a cancer treatment option. In addition, a great deal of evidence accumulating over the past decades has evinced the crosstalk between pyroptosis and tumor immunological therapy. Thus, a comprehensive summary combining the function of pyroptosis in breast cancer and antitumor immunity is imperative. We portray the prevalent knowledge of the multidimensional roles of pyroptosis in cancer and summarize the pyroptosis in breast cancer principally. Moreover, we elucidate the influence of inflammasomes and pyroptosis-produced cytokines on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer. Taken together, we aim to provide a clue to harness pyroptosis rationally and apply it to augment immunotherapy efficiency for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yin Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Baofu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baofu Chen, ; Yichao Wang,
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baofu Chen, ; Yichao Wang,
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Immunotherapy and immunoengineering for breast cancer; a comprehensive insight into CAR-T cell therapy advancements, challenges and prospects. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:755-777. [PMID: 35943716 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent solid cancer with a high-rise infiltration of immune cells, turning it into a significant candidate for tumor-specific immunotherapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are emerging as immunotherapeutic tools with genetically engineered receptors to efficiently recognize and attack tumor cells that express specific target antigens. Technological advancements in CAR design have provided five generations of CAR-T cells applicable to a wide range of cancer patients while boosting CAR-T cell therapy safety. However, CAR-T cell therapy is ineffective against breast cancer because of the loss of specified antigens, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor and CAR-T cell-induced toxicities. Next-generation CAR-T cells actively pass through the tumor vascular barriers, persist for extended periods and disrupt the tumor microenvironment (TME) to block immune escape. CONCLUSION CAR-T cell therapy embodies advanced immunotherapy for BC, but further pre-clinical and clinical assessments are recommended to achieve maximized efficiency and safety.
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Peptide-Based Vaccines in Clinical Phases and New Potential Therapeutic Targets as a New Approach for Breast Cancer: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081249. [PMID: 36016136 PMCID: PMC9416350 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women from 20 to 59 years old. The conventional treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy. This immunotherapy is based on administering monoclonal therapeutic antibodies (passive) or vaccines (active) with therapeutic purposes. Several types of vaccines could be used as potential treatments for cancer, including whole-cell, DNA, RNA, and peptide-based vaccines. Peptides used to develop vaccines are derived from tumor-associated antigens or tumor-specific antigens, such as HER-2, MUC1, ErbB2, CEA, FRα, MAGE A1, A3, and A10, NY-ESO-1, among others. Peptide-based vaccines provide some advantages, such as low cost, purity of the antigen, and the induction of humoral and cellular immune response. In this review, we explore the different types of vaccines against breast cancer with a specific focus on the description of peptide-based vaccines, their composition, immune response induction, and the description of new potential therapeutic targets.
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Ahmad MZ, Alasiri AS, Alasmary MY, Abdullah MM, Ahmad J, Abdel Wahab BA, M Alqahtani SA, Pathak K, Mustafa G, Khan MA, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Emerging advances in nanomedicine for breast cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:957-983. [PMID: 35852105 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach for all cancers are climacterics for a favorable prognosis. Targeting the immune system in breast cancer is already a clinical reality with notable successes, specifically with checkpoint blockade antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. However, there have been inevitable setbacks in the clinical application of cancer immunotherapy, including inadequate immune responses due to insufficient delivery of immunostimulants to immune cells and uncontrolled immune system modulation. Rapid advancements and new evidence have suggested that nanomedicine-based immunotherapy may be a viable option for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahia Alasmary
- Medical Department, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Abdullah
- Advanced Materials & Nano-Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Saif Aboud M Alqahtani
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadmi Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
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ZLM-7 Blocks Breast Cancer Progression by Inhibiting MDM2 via Upregulation of 14-3-3 Sigma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070874. [PMID: 35890172 PMCID: PMC9321038 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies with poor prognosis. Inhibition of angiogenesis is becoming a valid and evident therapeutic strategy to treat cancer. Recent studies uncovered the antiangiogenic activity of ZLM-7 (a combretastain A-4 derivative), but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. ZLM-7 treatment was applied in estrogen receptor-positive cell MCF-7, triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and xenograft models. Transfections were conducted to overexpress or knockdown targeted genes. The gene and protein expressions were measured by qPCR and Western blotting assay, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the CCK8 method, clone formation assay and flow cytometry. We found that ZLM-7 upregulated 14-3-3 sigma expression but downregulated MDM2 expression in breast cancer cells. ZLM-7 delayed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and blocked cell-cycle progression in human breast cancer cells in vitro, while those effects were abolished by 14-3-3 sigma knockdown; overexpression of 14-3-3 sigma reproduced the actions of ZLM-7 on the cell cycle, which could be reversed by MDM2 overexpression. In xenograft models, ZLM-7 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth while the inhibition was attenuated when 14-3-3 sigma was silenced. Collectively, ZLM-7 could inhibit MDM2 via upregulating 14-3-3 sigma expression, thereby blocking the breast cancer progression.
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21
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Wang Z, Chen G, Dai F, Liu S, Hu W, Cheng Y. Identification and Verification of Necroptosis-Related Gene Signature With Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894718. [PMID: 35812403 PMCID: PMC9265217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal heterogeneous disease among gynecological tumors with a poor prognosis. Necroptosis, the most studied way of death in recent years, is different from apoptosis and pyroptosis. It is a kind of regulated programmed cell death and has been shown to be closely related to a variety of tumors. However, the expression and prognosis of necroptosis-related genes in ovarian cancer are still unclear. Our study therefore firstly identified the expression profiles of necroptosis-related genes in normal and ovarian cancer tissues. Next, based on differentially expressed necroptosis-related genes, we clustered ovarian cancer patients into two subtypes and performed survival analysis. Subsequently, we constructed a risk model consisting of 5 genes by LASSO regression analysis based on the differentially expressed genes in the two subtypes, and confirmed the strong prognostic ability of the model and its potential as an independent risk factor via survival analysis and independent risk factor analysis. Based on this risk model, patients were divided into high and low risk groups. By exploring differentially expressed genes, enrichment functions and tumor immune microenvironment in patients in high and low risk groups, the results showed that patients in the low risk group were significantly enriched in immune signaling pathways. Besides, immune cells content, immune function activity was significantly better than the high-risk group. Eventually, we also investigated the sensitivity of patients with different risk groups to ICB immunotherapy and chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, the risk model could effectively predict the survival and prognosis of patients, and explore the tumor microenvironment status of ovarian cancer patients to a certain extent, and provide promising and novel molecular markers for clinical diagnosis, individualized treatment and immunotherapy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganhong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Honghu, Honghu, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Yanxiang Cheng,
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Yanxiang Cheng,
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22
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Xu R, Yang Q. Immunological significance of prognostic markers for breast cancer based on alternative splicing. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4229-4250. [PMID: 35836866 PMCID: PMC9274553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer (BC) currently has the highest incidence rate. Epigenetic regulation could alter gene expression and is closely related to BC initiation. This study aimed to develop an alternative splicing (AS)-based prognostic signature and clarify its relevance to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) status and immunotherapy of BC. METHODS Cox regression analysis was conducted to screen for prognosis-related AS events. Thereafter, LASSO with Cox regression analyses was designed to construct a prognostic signature model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and proportional hazard model were then utilized to confirm the prognostic value. Multiple methods were employed to reveal the context of TIME in BC. QPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy were carried out to detect myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) expression in different cell lines, and BC and paracancerous tissues. RESULTS A total of 1,787 prognosis-related AS events were screened. Eight AS prognostic signatures were constructed with robust predictive accuracy based on the splicing subtypes. Furthermore, the establishment of a quantitative prognostic nomogram and consolidated signature was significantly correlated with TIME diversity and immune checkpoint blockade-related genes. MAZ was detected to be upregulated in BC. Finally, a newly constructed splicing regulatory network model revealed the potential functions of splicing factors. CONCLUSIONS AS-splicing factor networks may enable a new approach to investigating potential regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, pivotal players in AS events with regards to TIME and efficiency of immunotherapy were uncovered and could facilitate clinical decision-making and individual determination of BC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou 550000, Guiyang, China
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23
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Chang X, Xing P. Identification of a novel lipid metabolism-related gene signature within the tumour immune microenvironment for breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:43. [PMID: 35562758 PMCID: PMC9103058 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic factors can strongly affect how tumour cells behave, grow, and communicate with other cells in breast cancer. Lipid metabolic reprogramming is a systemic process that tumour cells undergo; however, the formation and dynamics of lipids associated with the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) remain unclear. The investigation of the sophisticated bidirectional crosstalk of tumour cells with cancer metabolism, gene expression, and TIME could have the potential to identify novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapy. This study aimed to construct a prognostic signature to detect the bicrosstalk between the lipid metabolic system and the TIME of breast cancer. Methods To detect the expression of LRGs and execute GO/KEGG analysis, the R program was chosen. Considering the clinical information and pathological features, a prognostic gene signature was constructed by LASSO Cox regression analysis. TMB, MSI, and immune infiltration analyses were performed, and consensus cluster analysis of LRGs was also performed. Results These 16 lipid metabolism-related genes (LRGs) were mainly involved in the process of lipid metabolism and fatty acid binding in breast cancer. Prognosis analysis identified the prognostic value of FABP7(Fatty acid binding protein 7) and NDUFAB1(NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1) in breast cancer patients. The prognostic gene signature constructed with FABP7 and NDUFAB1 was significantly related to immune cell infiltration and could predict the overall survival rate with above average correctness of breast cancer patients. FABP7 and NDUFAB1 were proven to have relevance in immune cell infiltration and tumour mutation burden (TMB). Consensus cluster analysis identified that the upregulated mRNAs were mostly related to the oncogenesis process, while the downregulated mRNAs were associated with immune-related signalling pathways. Conclusion A comprehensive analysis was performed to evaluate the lipid metabolic system and identified a signature constructed by two prognostic genes for immunotherapies in breast cancer. The results also revealed evidence of vulnerabilities in the interplay between the lipid metabolic system and the TIME in breast cancer. Further data with clinical studies and experiments are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01651-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Surgery, General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.77 PuHe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Peng Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Surgery, General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.77 PuHe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Xiong H, Chen Z, Lin B, Chen W, Li Q, Li Y, Fang M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Lu Y, Bi A, Wu S, Jia Y, Wang X. Comprehensive analysis of FKBP4/NR3C1/TMEM173 signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cell and dendritic cell among tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:371-384. [PMID: 35118194 PMCID: PMC8792076 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM173 is a pattern recognition receptor detecting cytoplasmic nucleic acids and transmits cGAS related signals that activate host innate immune responses. It has also been found to be involved in tumor immunity and tumorigenesis. In this study, we first identified that the FKBP4/NR3C1 axis was a novel negative regulator of TMEM173 in human breast cancer (BC) cells. The effect of FKBP4 appeared to be at the transcriptional level of TMEM173, because it could suppress the promoter activity of TMEM173, thereby affecting TMEM173 at mRNA and protein levels. Past studies, our bioinformatics analysis, and in vitro experiments further implied that FKBP4 regulated TMEM173 via regulating nuclear translocation of NR3C1. We then demonstrated that the FKBP4/NR3C1/TMEM173 signaling pathway could regulate autophagy and proliferation of BC cells as well as dendritic cell (DC) abundance through exosome release. Our study found an unprecedented strategy used by BC to escape from TMEM173 mediated tumor suppression. Identification of the FKBP4/NR3C1 axis as a novel TMEM173 regulator would provide insights for novel anti-tumor strategy against BC among tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Baihua Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Aihong Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Shuqiang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yongshi Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
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25
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Karpisheh V, Ahmadi M, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Mohammadpour Saray M, Barshidi A, Mohammadi H, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:108. [PMID: 35248028 PMCID: PMC8897940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a severe problem worldwide due to an increase in mortality and prevalence among women. Despite early diagnostic procedures as well as advanced therapies, more investigation is required to find new treatment targets. Various factors and mechanisms, such as inflammatory conditions, can play a crucial role in cancer progression. Among them, Th17 cells are identified as effective CD4+ T cells that play an essential role in autoimmune diseases and inflammation which may be associated with anti-tumor responses. In addition, Th17 cells are one of the main factors involved in cancer, especially breast cancer via the inflammatory process. In tumor immunity, the exact mechanism of Th17 cells is not entirely understood and seems to have a dual function in tumor development. Various studies have reported that cytokines secreted by Th17 cells are in close relation to cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment. Therefore, they play a critical role in the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells. On the other hand, most studies have reported that T cells suppress the growth of tumor cells by the induction of immune responses. In patients with breast cancer compared to normal individuals, various studies have been reported that the Th17 population dramatically increases in peripheral blood which results in cancer progression. It seems that Th17 cells by creating inflammatory conditions through the secretion of cytokines, including IL-22, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-21, and IL-6, can significantly enhance breast cancer progression. Therefore, to identify the mechanisms and factors involved in the activation and development of Th17 cells, they can provide an essential role in preventing breast cancer progression. In the present review, the role of Th17 cells in breast cancer progression and its therapeutic potential was investigated.
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Xiong H, Chen Z, Lin B, Xie B, Liu X, Chen C, Li Z, Jia Y, Wu Z, Yang M, Jia Y, Wang L, Zhou J, Meng X. Naringenin Regulates FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 Axis in Autophagy and Proliferation of Breast Cancer and Differentiation and Maturation of Dendritic Cell. Front Immunol 2022; 12:745111. [PMID: 35087512 PMCID: PMC8786807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 is an important regulatory transcription factor involved in tumor immunity and tumorigenesis. In this study, we firstly identified that FKBP4/NR3C1 axis was a novel negative regulator of NRF2 in human breast cancer (BC) cells. The effect of FKBP4 appeared to be at protein level of NRF2 since it could not suppress the expression of NRF2 at mRNA level. Bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments further demonstrated that FKBP4 regulated NRF2 via regulating nuclear translocation of NR3C1. We then reported that naringenin, a flavonoid, widely distributed in citrus and tomato, could suppress autophagy and proliferation of BC cells through FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Naringenin was also found to promote dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and maturation through FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 axis. Therefore, our study found that naringenin could induce inhibition of autophagy and cell proliferation in BC cells and enhance DC differentiation and maturation, at least in part, though regulation of FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 signaling pathway. Identification of FKBP4/NR3C1/NRF2 axis would provide insights for novel anti-tumor strategy against BC among tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baihua Lin
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bojian Xie
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuazhua Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongshi Jia
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Li L, Gong Y, Tang J, Yan C, Li L, Peng W, Cheng Z, Yu R, Xiang Q, Deng C, Mu J, Xia J, Luo X, Wu Y, Xiang T. ZBTB28 inhibits breast cancer by activating IFNAR and dual blocking CD24 and CD47 to enhance macrophages phagocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:83. [PMID: 35048182 PMCID: PMC11072821 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in female. Until now, advanced breast cancer is still lack effective treatment strategies and reliable prognostic markers. In the present article, we introduced the physiologic and pathologic functions and regulation mechanisms of ZBTB28, a tumor suppressor gene, in breast cancer. ZBTB28 is frequently silenced in breast cancer due to promoter CpG methylation, and its expression is positively correlated with breast cancer patient survival. The antineoplastic effect of ZBTB28 in breast cancer was elucidated through a series of in vitro and in vivo measurements, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and growth of xenografts. Furthermore, ZBTB28 can directly regulate IFNAR to activate interferon-stimulated genes and potentiate macrophage activation. Ectopic ZBTB28 expression in breast cancer cells was sufficient to downregulate CD24 and CD47 to promote phagocytosis of macrophages, demonstrating that ZBTB28 was beneficial for the combination treatment of anti-CD24 and anti-CD47. Collectively, our results reveal a mode of action of ZBTB28 as a tumor suppressor gene and suggest that ZBTB28 is an important regulator of macrophage phagocytosis in breast cancer, holding promise for the development of novel therapy strategies for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yijia Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chun Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhaobo Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renjie Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chaoqun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junhao Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiuyi Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinrong Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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28
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m6A-Mediated Tumor Invasion and Methylation Modification in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9987376. [PMID: 34745261 PMCID: PMC8566073 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9987376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background We analyzed the n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification patterns of immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (BC) to provide a new perspective for the early diagnosis and treatment of BC. Methods Based on 23 m6A regulatory factors, we identified m6A-related gene characteristics and m6A modification patterns in BC through unsupervised cluster analysis. To examine the differences in biological processes among various m6A modification modes, we performed genomic variation analysis. We then quantified the relative infiltration levels of different immune cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment of BC using the CIBERSORT algorithm and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Univariate Cox analysis was used to screen for m6A characteristic genes related to prognosis. Finally, we evaluated the m6A modification pattern of patients with a single BC by constructing the m6Ascore based on principal component analysis. Results We identified three different m6A modification patterns in 2128 BC samples. A higher abundance of the immune infiltration of the m6Acluster C was indicated by the results of CIBERSORT and the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Based on the m6A characteristic genes obtained through screening, the m6Ascore was determined. The BC patients were segregated into m6Ascore groups of low and high categories, which revealed significant survival benefits among patients with low m6Ascores. Additionally, the high-m6Ascore group had a higher mutation frequency and was associated with low PD-L1 expression, and the m6Ascore and tumor mutation burden showed a positive correlation. In addition, treatment effects were better in patients in the high-m6Ascore group. Conclusions In case of a single patient with BC, the immune cell infiltration characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and the m6A methylation modification pattern could be evaluated using the m6Ascore. Our results provide a foundation for improving personalized immunotherapy of BC.
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Du J, Dong Y, Li Y. Identification and Prognostic Value Exploration of Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-Centered Chemotherapy Response-Associated Genes in Breast Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1356-1368. [PMID: 34704810 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) response-associated genes and constructed a model to predict the prognosis of breast cancer (BRCA) patients. Samples obtained from TCGA and GEO databases were subjected to Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and univariate Cox and LASSO Cox regression analysis to identify and validate the Cytoxan response-related prognostic signature. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the independence of factors, and the nomogram model was constructed by including all the independent factors. WGCNA revealed that 159 genes are significantly correlated with Cytoxan response in BRCA samples, and the samples with a different prognosis could be effectively distinguished based on the expression of those 159 genes. Ten genes were further selected to be related to the prognosis of BRCA patients, including PCDHB2, GRIK2, FRMD7, CCSER1, PCDHGA1, PCDHA1, LRRC37A6P, PCDHGA12, ZNF486, and PCDHGB5, based on the Risk Score model. Among them, PCDHA1 expression was validated in cells and patient samples. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that the Risk Score is an independent factor. Furthermore, the nomogram model showed that the predicted survival probability is closely related to the actual survival probability. In conclusion, we identified 159 genes potentially correlated with the Cytoxan response of BRCA patients, which had prognostic value in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Du
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yanru Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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30
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Costa A, Vale N. Strategies for the treatment of breast cancer: from classical drugs to mathematical models. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:6328-6385. [PMID: 34517536 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and generally affects women. It is a heterogeneous disease that presents different entities, different biological characteristics, and differentiated clinical behaviors. With this in mind, this literature review had as its main objective to analyze the path taken from the simple use of classical drugs to the application of mathematical models, which through the many ongoing studies, have been considered as one of the reliable strategies, explaining the reasons why chemotherapy is not always successful. Besides, the most commonly mentioned strategies are immunotherapy, which includes techniques and therapies such as the use of antibodies, cytokines, antitumor vaccines, oncolytic and genomic viruses, among others, and nanoparticles, including metallic, magnetic, polymeric, liposome, dendrimer, micelle, and others, as well as drug reuse, which is a process by which new therapeutic indications are found for existing and approved drugs. The most commonly used pharmacological categories are cardiac, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, antiviral, antibiotic, and others. For the efficient development of reused drugs, there must be a process of exchange of purposes, methods, and information already available, and for their better understanding, computational mathematical models are then used, of which the methods of blind search or screening, based on the target, knowledge, signature, pathway or network and the mechanism to which it is directed, stand out. To conclude it should be noted that these different strategies can be applied alone or in combination with each other always to improve breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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31
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Barzaman K, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Hosseinzadeh A, Kazemi MH, Khorramdelazad H, Safari E, Farahmand L. Breast cancer immunotherapy: Current and novel approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107886. [PMID: 34153663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The crucial role of the immune system in the progression/regression of breast cancer (BC) should always be taken into account. Various immunotherapy approaches have been investigated for BC, including tumor-targeting antibodies (bispecific antibodies), adoptive T cell therapy, vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockade such as anti-PD-1. In addition, a combination of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy approaches contributes to improving patients' overall survival rates. Although encouraging outcomes have been reported in most clinical trials of immunotherapy, some obstacles should still be resolved in this regard. Recently, personalized immunotherapy has been proposed as a potential complementary medicine with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for overcoming BC. Accordingly, this review discusses the brief association of these methods and future directions in BC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Barzaman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysooda Hosseinzadeh
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjani, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjani, Iran
| | - Elahe Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Cui Y, Cui D, Ren X, Chen X, Liu G, Liu Z, Wang Y, Qu X, Zhao Y, Yang H. Pharmacokinetics, Immunogenicity and Safety Study for SHR-1309 Injection and Perjeta® in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660541. [PMID: 34149414 PMCID: PMC8207516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pertuzumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and safety of the test preparation SHR-1309 injecta and the reference preparation Perjeta® in healthy Chinese male subjects. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, single dose, two-way, parallel bioequivalence trial, a total of 80 qualified Chinese male subjects were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Each subject was intravenously injected with SHR-1309 or Perjeta®. Blood samples were collected at 21 different time points for pharmacokinetic analysis. In addition, immunogenicity was assessed at five different time points. The safety of the medication was monitored throughout the whole trial. Results: Cmax and AUC0-t were the primary pharmacokinetic parameters. Under a 90% confidence interval, their geometric mean ratios were 98.30 and 88.41% for SHR-1309 injection and Perjeta®, respectively. The geometric mean ratio of secondary pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-∞ was 88.58%. These evaluation indexes are in the standard range of 80–125%, so SHR-1309 can be considered bioequivalent to Perjeta®. After 1,680 h (day 70) of administration, the two groups had 12 and 13 subjects who produced antidrug antibody (ADA), respectively. The occurrence time and proportion of ADA in SHR-1309 and Perjeta® were similar between subjects, and they had similar immunogenicity. During the entire trial period, there were 71 drug-related adverse reactions in 29 subjects who received SHR-1309 and 61 drug-related adverse reactions in 32 subjects who received Perjeta®. The incidence of adverse reactions between the two drugs was similar. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic parameters, immunogenicity and safety of the biosimilar SHR-1309 injection produced by Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. were similar to the original drug Perjeta® produced by Roche Pharma AG. The two drugs met the bioequivalence evaluation criteria. Therefore, SHR-1309 is bioequivalent to Perjeta®. Clinical trial registration: CTR20200,738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Cui
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Dongyang Cui
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co.,Ltd., Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Jilin Province Honesty Medical Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Jilin, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengzhi Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyao Qu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Haimiao Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
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33
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Liu J, Zhang J. T-cell receptors provide potential prognostic signatures for breast cancer. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1220-1230. [PMID: 33527533 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although T-cell receptors (TCRs) are related to the progression of breast cancer (BC), their prognostic values remain unclear. We downloaded the messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles and corresponding clinical information of 1413 BC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database, respectively. The different expression analysis of 104 TCRs in BC samples was performed, and the consensus clustering based on 104 TCRs was performed by using the K-mean method of R language. Univariate cox regression analysis was used to screen TCRs significantly associated with the prognosis of BC, and LASSO Cox analysis was applied to optimize key TCRs. The risk score was calculated using the prognostic model constructed based on six optimal TCRs, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine whether it was an independent prognostic signature. Finally, the nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival of BC patients. Six optimal TCRs (ZAP70, GRAP2, NFKBIE, IFNG, NFKBIA, and PAK5), which were favorable for the prognosis of BC patients, were screened. Risk score could reliably predict the prognosis of BC patients as an independent prognostic signature. In addition, when bringing into two independent prognostic signatures, age and risk score, the nomogram model could better predict the overall survival of BC patients. Our results suggested that the poor prognosis of BC patients with high risk might be due to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In summary, a prognostic risk model based on six TCRs was established and could efficiently predict the prognosis of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Atovaquone Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Growth by Reducing Immune-Suppressive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105150. [PMID: 34068008 PMCID: PMC8152242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major contributing factor in triple-negative breast cancer progression is its ability to evade immune surveillance. One mechanism for this immunosuppression is through ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), which facilitates myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) recruitment in tumors, which generate cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 and induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), all of which are immunosuppressive and enhance tumor progression. Hence, enhancing the immune system in breast tumors could be a strategy for anticancer therapeutics. The present study evaluated the immune response of atovaquone, an antiprotozoal drug, in three independent breast-tumor models. Our results demonstrated that oral administration of atovaquone reduced HCC1806, CI66 and 4T1 paclitaxel-resistant (4T1-PR) breast-tumor growth by 45%, 70% and 42%, respectively. MDSCs, TGF-β, IL-10 and Tregs of blood and tumors were analyzed from all of these in vivo models. Our results demonstrated that atovaquone treatment in mice bearing HCC1806 tumors reduced MDSCs from tumor and blood by 70% and 30%, respectively. We also observed a 25% reduction in tumor MDSCs in atovaquone-treated mice bearing CI66 and 4T1-PR tumors. In addition, a decrease in TGF-β and IL-10 in tumor lysates was observed in atovaquone-treated mice with a reduction in tumor Tregs. Moreover, a significant reduction in the expression of RPS19 was found in tumors treated with atovaquone.
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Blood Immunosenescence Signatures Reflecting Age, Frailty and Tumor Immune Infiltrate in Patients with Early Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092185. [PMID: 34063210 PMCID: PMC8125302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treating older patients with (breast) cancer is a major challenge. On the one hand, older persons are more vulnerable to side effects of therapy, and over-treatment should be avoided. On the other hand, under-treatment (which is common in the elderly) can lead to worse survival and quality of life as well. Benefits of therapy and risk of (sometimes life threatening) toxicity should be carefully balanced. There is an urgent need for robust markers that reflect the body’s biological age and could aid in outlining optimal individual treatment regimens. Here we investigated whether age/frailty and characteristics of the tumor immune infiltrate are mirrored in specific blood biomarker combinations. Several three-biomarker panels were able to categorize patients quite efficiently, especially in terms of their clinical frailty status. Abstract Background: Immune/senescence-related host factors play a pivotal role in numerous biological and pathological process like aging, frailty and cancer. The assessment of these host factors via robust, non-invasive, and easy-to-measure blood biomarkers could improve insights in these processes. Here, we investigated in a series of breast cancer patients in which way single circulating biomarkers or biomarker panels relate to chronological age, frailty status, and tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment. Methods: An extensive panel of blood immune/senescence markers and the tumor immune infiltrate was studied in young, middle-aged, and old patients with an early invasive hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative breast cancer. In the old group, clinical frailty was estimated via the G8-scores. Results: Several three-blood biomarker panels proved to be able to separate old chronological age from young age very efficiently. Clinically more important, several three-blood biomarker panels were strongly associated with clinical frailty. Performance of blood biomarker panels for prediction of the tumor immune infiltrate was lower. Conclusion: Immune/senescence blood biomarker panels strongly correlate with chronological age, and clinically more importantly with frailty status in early breast cancer patients. They require further investigation on their ability to provide a more complete picture on clinical frailty status and direct personalized therapy in older persons.
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Peg V, López-García MÁ, Comerma L, Peiró G, García-Caballero T, López ÁC, Suárez-Gauthier A, Ruiz I, Rojo F. PD-L1 testing based on the SP142 antibody in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: summary of an expert round-table discussion. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1209-1218. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC is characterized by increased expression of Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a signal used by many tumors to escape the immune response. Expression of PD-L1 is a positive predictor of response to immunotherapy; therefore, it should be investigated in TNBC in order to select patients who may benefit from anti-PD-L1 therapies. While many PD-L1 assays are available, only the VENTANA platform with the anti-PD-L1 (SP142) antibody is licensed as a companion diagnostic device for selecting patients with metastatic/advanced TNBC who are candidates for treatment with atezolizumab. In this article, we provide a summary of an expert round-table discussion about PD-L1 testing, using the SP142 antibody in metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Peg
- Departamento de Anatomia Patològica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Patología Molecular, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Ángeles López-García
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla (Spain); Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Concha López
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Biobanco INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez-Gauthier
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irune Ruiz
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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Jiagge EM, Ulintz PJ, Wong S, McDermott SP, Fossi SI, Suhan TK, Hoenerhoff MJ, Bensenhaver JM, Salem B, Dziubinski M, Oppong JK, Aitpillah F, Ishmael K, Osei-Bonsu E, Adjei E, Baffour A, Aldrich J, Kurdoglu A, Fernando K, Craig DW, Trent JM, Li J, Chitale D, Newman LA, Carpten JD, Wicha MS, Merajver SD. Multiethnic PDX models predict a possible immune signature associated with TNBC of African ancestry. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:391-401. [PMID: 33576900 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype most prevalent among women of Western Sub-Saharan African ancestry. It accounts for 15-25% of African American (AA) breast cancers (BC) and up to 80% of Ghanaian breast cancers, thus contributing to outcome disparities in BC for black women. The aggressive biology of TNBC has been shown to be regulated partially by breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) which mediate tumor recurrence and metastasis and are more abundant in African breast tumors. METHODS We studied the biological differences between TNBC in women with African ancestry and those of Caucasian women by comparing the gene expression of the BCSC. From low-passage patient derived xenografts (PDX) from Ghanaian (GH), AA, and Caucasian American (CA) TNBCs, we sorted for and sequenced the stem cell populations and analyzed for differential gene enrichment. RESULTS In our cohort of TNBC tumors, we observed that the ALDH expressing stem cells display distinct ethnic specific gene expression patterns, with the largest difference existing between the GH and AA ALDH+ cells. Furthermore, the tumors from the women of African ancestry [GH/AA] had ALDH stem cell (SC) enrichment for expression of immune related genes and processes. Among the significantly upregulated genes were CD274 (PD-L1), CXCR9, CXCR10 and IFI27, which could serve as potential drug targets. CONCLUSIONS Further exploration of the role of immune regulated genes and biological processes in BCSC may offer insight into developing novel approaches to treating TNBC to help ameliorate survival disparities in women with African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Jiagge
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, RCC 7314, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Peter J Ulintz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, RCC 7314, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shukmei Wong
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, RCC 7314, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sabrina I Fossi
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, RCC 7314, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Tahra K Suhan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.,Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jessica M Bensenhaver
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Barbara Salem
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Aldrich
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ahmet Kurdoglu
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kurt Fernando
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - David W Craig
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Trent
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lisa A Newman
- New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Carpten
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, RCC 7314, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sofia D Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, RCC 7314, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Hashemzadeh N, Dolatkhah M, Adibkia K, Aghanejad A, Barzegar-Jalali M, Omidi Y, Barar J. Recent advances in breast cancer immunotherapy: The promising impact of nanomedicines. Life Sci 2021; 271:119110. [PMID: 33513401 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the prevalent cancers among women. Generally, the treatment of BC is mostly based on several prominent strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and radiation. Owing to the growing knowledge about the complexity of BC pathobiology, immunotherapy as a promising treatment modality has substantially improved the patients' care in the clinic. Immunotherapy is used to harness the patient's immune system to recognize and battle devious cancer cells. As a novel therapy approach, this emerging strategy targets the key molecular entities of tumor tissue. To achieve maximal therapeutic impacts, the dynamic interplay between cancer and immune cells needs to be fully comprehended. The key molecular machinery of solid tumors can be targeted by nanoscale immunomedicines. While discussing the potential biomarkers involved in the initiation and progression of BC, we aimed to provide comprehensive insights into the immunotherapy and articulate the recent advances in terms of the therapeutic strategies used to control this disease, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy, and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Dolatkhah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Setordzi P, Chang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zuo D. The recent advances of PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling inhibition for breast cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173867. [PMID: 33460617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been sustained research activity on programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) immunotherapy. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of monotherapy drugs targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling in BC. Besides, the combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents with other inhibitors, including poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, vaccines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors are being investigated to improve drug efficacy. These trials have performed well and have shown better and more sustainable therapeutic responses. As follows, the purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in BC immunotherapy targeting the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling, when recommended as a monotherapy or in conjunction with other treatments. We look forward to providing new insights into the current state of BC research and the future direction of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Setordzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Meng Y, Wu H, Yao Y, Li R. The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 in patients with invasive breast cancer. Gland Surg 2020; 9:2106-2115. [PMID: 33447561 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between protein expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the clinicopathological features of patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods Clinicopathological data of 651 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were collected over a 1-year period. Patients whose breast tissue samples did not express genes for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) were classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The correlations of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological features and overall survival were determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic binary regression analysis, respectively. Results Positive expression of PD-L1 was detected in 47% of patients with invasive breast carcinoma, compared with 69.3% of TNBC patients (P<0.05). Furthermore, expression of PD-L1 in patients with invasive breast carcinoma was significantly correlated with WHO grade, tumor size, vascular invasion, pathological stage, and the expression of ER, PR, nuclear associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67), p53 gene, cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (P<0.05). Logistic binary regression analysis showed that WHO grade, Ki67, p53, and EGFR were independent risk factors for the expression of PD-L1 in patients with invasive breast cancer. Moreover, PD-L1 expression in TNBC patients was significantly correlated with WHO grade, neuro-invasion, Ki67, CK5/6, and EGFR (P<0.05), but it was not correlated with age, tumor size, vascular invasion, number of lymph nodes, pathological stage, or the expression of ER, PR, p53, androgen receptor (AR), or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) (P>0.05). Conclusions The high expression rate of PD-L1 in invasive breast cancer is closely related to some clinicopathological features. Thus, immunotherapy with PD-L1 inhibitors could be a potential treatment strategy for patients with invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Meng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taikai Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taikai Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Two case reports of brain metastases in patients with pancreatobiliary neuroendocrine carcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 14:386-390. [PMID: 33095423 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-020-01270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are extremely rare in patients with pancreatobiliary neuroendocrine caricnoma (PB-NEC). In this case report, we report two rare cases of brain metastases in patients with PB-NEC. Each patient was diagnosed with brain metastases five and ten months after the initial diagnosis of PB-NEC. It is noteworthy that the serum tumor marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) was elevated, although the primary and metastatic lesions other than in the brain were under control with systemic chemotherapy. Moreover, the patients complained of no neurological symptoms until they were diagnosed with brain metastases. Although the incidence of brain metastases of PB-NEC is exceedingly low, it is important to keep in mind the possibility of brain metastases during the course of treatment for PB-NEC. In addition, we discuss a strategy of treatment and screening for brain metastases of PB-NEC in this case report.
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Liu Z, Mi M, Li X, Zheng X, Wu G, Zhang L. A lncRNA prognostic signature associated with immune infiltration and tumour mutation burden in breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12444-12456. [PMID: 32967061 PMCID: PMC7687003 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve as prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancers. Therefore, we postulated that expression patterns of multiple lncRNAs combined into a single signature could improve clinicopathological risk stratification and prediction of overall survival rate for breast cancer patients. Two algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), were used to select candidate lncRNAs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to construct a seven-lncRNA signature for breast cancer. Stratified analysis revealed that the signature was significantly associated with multiple clinicopathological risk factors. For clinical use, we developed a nomogram model to predict overall survival and odds of death for breast cancer patients. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), CIBERSORT algorithm and ESTIMATE method were employed to assess the relative immune cell infiltrations of each sample. Differentially infiltration of immune cells and diverse tumour mutation burden (TMB) scores might give rise to the efficacy of lncRNA signature for predicting the overall survival of patients. Correlation analysis implied that LINC01215 was associated with multiple immune-related signalling pathways. A seven-lncRNA prognostic signature is a reliable tool to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Mi
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Cheng M, Guan J, Gai J, Fu L, Zhang R, Du T, Li Q. Expression of IFN-induced 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases correlates with immune infiltration, revealing potential targets and new biomarkers for basal-like breast cancer prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106916. [PMID: 32882665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer has been classified as basal-like immune activated (BLIA), basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS), and two other subtypes, suggesting potential immune therapeutic targets for basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs), identified from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BLIA and BLIS breast cancers (GSE76124), are involved in antiviral activity induced by interferons. However, the association between the four OASs and prognosis or tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) remains unclear. Expression, survival data, and immune correlations for OASs in BLBC were assessed using bioinformatics tools. We found that OASs were highly expressed in BLIA breast cancer. Survival analysis suggested that high transcriptional levels of OASs were associated with better overall survival, relapse-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival in patients with BLBC. Moreover, the prognostic value of OASs with respect to different clinicopathological factors, and especially according to lymph node metastasis, in patients with BLBC was further assessed. Our findings elucidated the expression, prognostic role, and effect of OASs in TIICs on BLBC, which might promote the development of OAS-targeted immunotherapy for BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingqian Guan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junda Gai
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tengjiao Du
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Leung KL, Verma D, Azam YJ, Bakker E. The use of multi-omics data and approaches in breast cancer immunotherapy: a review. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2101-2119. [PMID: 32857605 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is projected to be the most common cancer in women in 2020 in the USA. Despite high remission rates treatment side effects remain an issue, hence the interest in novel approaches such as immunotherapies which aim to utilize patients' immune systems to target cancer cells. This review summarizes the basics of breast cancer including staging and treatment options, followed by a discussion on immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade. After this, examples of the role of omics-type data and computational biology/bioinformatics in breast cancer are explored. Ultimately, there are several promising areas to investigate such as the prediction of neoantigens and the use of multi-omics data to direct research, with noted appropriate in clinical trial design in terms of end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lun Leung
- School of Medicine, The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Devika Verma
- School of Medicine, The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | - Emyr Bakker
- School of Medicine, The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Walter KR, Balko JM, Hagan CR. Progesterone receptor promotes degradation of STAT2 to inhibit the interferon response in breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1758547. [PMID: 32391191 PMCID: PMC7199813 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1758547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I (IFNα/β) interferon signaling represents a critical transduction pathway involved in recognition and destruction of nascent tumor cells. Downregulation of this pathway to promote a more immunosuppressed microenvironment contributes to the ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system, a known Hallmark of Cancer. The present study investigates the progesterone receptor (PR), which is expressed in the vast majority of breast cancers, and its ability to inhibit efficient interferon signaling in tumor cells. We have shown that PR can block the interferon signaling cascade by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of STAT2. Targeting STAT2 is critical, as we show that it is an essential protein in inducing transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG); shRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT2 severely abrogates the interferon response in vitro. Importantly, we were able to reverse this inhibition by treating with onapristone, an anti-progestin currently being investigated in breast cancer clinical trials. Additionally, we have found that an interferon-related gene signature (composed of ISGs) is inversely correlated with PR expression in human tumors. We speculate that PR inhibition of interferon signaling may contribute to creating an immunosuppressed microenvironment and reversal of this through anti-progestins may present a novel therapeutic target to promote immune activity within the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Ding N, Huang J, Li N, Yuan J, Wang S, Xiao Z. Roles of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prognosis and in differentiation of potential beneficiaries in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab therapy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32192443 PMCID: PMC7082930 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) is not well studied. We aimed to assess the prognostic role of NLR in HER2-positive BC patients treated with or without trastuzumab. Methods The clinical data of 843 HER2-positive BC patients from July 2013 to July 2018 were collected. The difference among variables was calculated by chi-square test. The associations between clinicopathological factors, NLR and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Patients were divided into three groups. In group 1 containing 255 patients without trastuzumab treatment, pretreatment NLR showed no predictive value. Patients with trastuzumab treatment were divided into two groups on equal, according to pretreatment NLR values, low NLR (group 2) and high NLR (group 3). Patients in group 2 showed significantly higher 3-year DFS rate than patients in group 1 and group 3 (95.3% vs. 91.6% vs. 90.5%, respectively, P = 0.011); patients in the group 1 and group 3 had a similar 3-year DFS outcome. Multivariate analysis showed high pretreatment NLR was significantly associated with shorter DFS (HR = 2.917, 95% CI = 1.055–8.062, P = 0.039) in HER2-positive BC patients treated with trastuzumab. Conclusions Among HER2-positive trastuzumab-treated BC patients, low pretreatment NLR value was associated with better DFS, and it might help to differentiate potential beneficiaries of trastuzumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhua Ding
- Department of clinical laboratory, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Ningsha Li
- Department of clinical laboratory, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Shouman Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008. .,Clinical Research Center For Breast Cancer Control and Prevention In Human Province, Changsha, China.
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Role of innate and adaptive immunity in the efficacy of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies for HER2-positive breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 149:102927. [PMID: 32172224 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as trastuzumab are effective for all stages of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to these drugs may occur in a significant number of patients (pts) and, except for HER2 status, no validated predictive factors of response/resistance have been identified to date. This lack is in part due to the not yet fully elucidated mechanism of action of mAbs in vivo. Increasing evidence suggests a significant contribution of both innate and adaptive immunity to the antitumor effects of mAbs. The aim of this review was to describe the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the efficacy of anti-HER2 mAbs and to report known and novel strategies to be used for optimizing immune effects of anti-HER2 therapies for HER2-positive BC.
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Kagihara JA, Andress M, Diamond JR. Nab-paclitaxel and atezolizumab for the treatment of PD-L1-positive, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: review and future directions. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020; 5:59-65. [PMID: 32190733 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1730694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20%. The standard of care for metastatic TNBC has been limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy with modest efficacy. TNBC is associated with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression, supporting the investigation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in this breast cancer subtype. Areas Covered This review summarizes the clinical data supporting the use of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic PD-L1-positive TNBC. It examines the pharmacology and toxicity profile of the combination in patients with metastatic TNBC. Expert Opinion The addition of atezolizumab to nab-paclitaxel prolonged progression-free survival in both the intention-to-treat and PD-L1-positive subgroups in the first line setting in patients with metastatic TNBC. The IMpassion 130 trial led to FDA-approval of this combination in patients with PD-L1-positive, metastatic TNBC and represents the first approval of immunotherapy for TNBC. This work supports ongoing investigations of other immunotherapy combinations in TNBC, predictive biomarker development and immunotherapy in patients with early stage TNBC. Immunotherapy combinations in TNBC have the potential to lead to improved survival in this group of patients with high risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Kagihara
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Michelle Andress
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
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Liu J, Ma F, Sun B, Cong Y, Xuan L, Wang Q, Wu S. Predictive Value of Lymphocyte-Related Blood Parameters at the Time Point of Lymphocyte Nadir During Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:151-161. [PMID: 32021263 PMCID: PMC6955599 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s233244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Various reports found a relationship between lymphocyte-related blood parameters (LRBP), including absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and prognosis of breast cancer. Most of the studies focused on LRBP pre-treatment. Seldom have studies focused on LRBP during radiotherapy. We intended to perform a retrospective cohort study on the prognostic value of LRBP at the time point of lowest ALC during radiotherapy for breast cancer. Patients and methods A total of 158 female patients were included in radiotherapy group because of the strict limitation standards of complete routine blood test results at pre-treatment and pre-operation, and at least once a week during radiotherapy. Besides 221 patients, including the 158 patients of radiotherapy group, were adopted in pre-treatment group and pre-operation group. Results ALC and PLR at the time point of lowest ALC during radiotherapy are prognostic predictors of breast cancer, and lower ALC and higher PLR are independent significant predictors of poor DFS. Besides, lower ALC, higher NLR and higher PLR at both pre-treatment and pre-operation were found to be independent variables for predicting poor DFS. Conclusion LRBP at pre-treatment, pre-operation, and during radiotherapy may serve as predictors of outcomes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Liu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Ma
- Baoding No.1 Central Hospital Affiliated with Chengde Medical College, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
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50
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Chang-Qing Y, Jie L, Shi-Qi Z, Kun Z, Zi-Qian G, Ran X, Hui-Meng L, Ren-Bin Z, Gang Z, Da-Chuan Y, Chen-Yan Z. Recent treatment progress of triple negative breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 151:40-53. [PMID: 31761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a serious worldwide disease that threatens women's health. Particularly, the morbidity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is higher than that of other BC types due to its high molecular heterogeneity, metastatic potential and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), so there are still no effective treatment methods for TNBC. Here, we reviewed the classification of TNBC, its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, treatment methods and prognosis. Finding effective targets is critical for the treatment of TNBC. Also, refining the classification of TNBC is benefited to choose the treatment of TNBC, because the sensitivity of chemotherapy is different in different TNBC. Some new treatment methods have been proposed in recent years, such as nutritional therapy and noncoding RNA treatment methods. There are some disadvantages, such as the side effect on normal cells after nutrient deprivation, low specificity and instability of noncoding RNA. More studies are necessary to improve the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chang-Qing
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Liu Jie
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhao Shi-Qi
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhu Kun
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gong Zi-Qian
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xu Ran
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lu Hui-Meng
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhou Ren-Bin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhao Gang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China.
| | - Yin Da-Chuan
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhang Chen-Yan
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
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