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Lee HJ, Lee HY. Characterization of lung function impairment and pathological changes induced by chronic lead and cadmium inhalation: Insights from a mouse model study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116776. [PMID: 39059344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is a global concern due to their widespread presence. However, the specific pulmonary effects of inhaled exposure, especially related to long-term effects, remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a novel mouse model of Pb and Cd inhalation to mimic real-world conditions and investigate pulmonary effects. Mice were exposed to Pb and Cd inhalation for 6 months using a whole-body exposure system, resulting in decreased lung compliance and progression from emphysematous changes to fibrosis. In addition, the blood Pb/Cd levels of mice exposed to Pb/Cd for 6 months are like those of humans occupationally exposed to heavy metals. Histology revealed inflammation and collagen deposition. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted immune responses and macrophage activity in developing fibrosis. These results confirm an association between Pb/Cd exposure and emphysema and fibrosis, reflecting clinical findings. The study highlights the importance of long-term exposure assessment and time-course analysis for understanding Pb/Cd-induced lung disease. The relevance of the mouse model in replicating human exposure scenarios underscores its value in studying fibrosis and emphysema simultaneously. These findings provide a basis for targeted therapeutic interventions against heavy metal-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Ghobakhloo S, Peijnenburg WJGM, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Cicchella D. To breathe or not to breathe: Inhalational exposure to heavy metals and related health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172556. [PMID: 38679085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed scientific literature on inhalation exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in various indoor and outdoor environments and related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. A systematic search in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases yielded 712 results and 43 articles met the requirements of the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria. Results revealed that HM concentrations in most households exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values, indicating moderate pollution and dominant anthropogenic emission sources of HMs. In the analyzed schools, universities, and offices low to moderate levels of air pollution with HMs were revealed, while in commercial environments high levels of air pollution were stated. The non-carcinogenic risk due to inhalation HM exposure exceeded the acceptable level of 1 in households, cafes, hospitals, restaurants, and metros. The carcinogenic risk for As and Cr in households, for Cd, Cr, Ni, As, and Co in educational environments, for Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co in offices and commercial environments, and for Ni in metros exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-4. Carcinogenic risk was revealed to be higher indoors than outdoors. This review advocates for fast and effective actions to reduce HM exposure for safer breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720BA, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow; Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Wojcik KM, Holle AV, O’Brien KM, White AJ, Karagas MR, Levine KE, Jackson BP, Weinberg CR. Seasonal patterns in trace elements assessed in toenails. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2024; 15:100496. [PMID: 38405619 PMCID: PMC10883685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal patterns in measured exposure biomarkers can cause measurement error in epidemiological studies. There is little research about the seasonality of metals and trace elements when assessed in toenail samples. Adjusting for such patterns in models for estimating associations between long-term exposures and health outcomes can potentially improve precision and reduce bias. OBJECTIVES Assess and describe seasonal patterns in toenail measurements of trace elements. METHODS The Sister Study enrolled women residing in the US, including Puerto Rico, whose sister had been diagnosed with breast cancer. At the time of enrollment, participants removed nail polish and collected their toenail clippings, which were cleaned before analysis. We considered the following elements: iron, vanadium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, antimony, mercury, and lead. For two subsamples of the cohort, we fit trigonometric regression models with toenail element measures as the outcome, using sine and cosine functions of the collection day (transformed to an angle) to capture seasonal patterns. These models can estimate the amplitude and timing of the peaks in measures. We evaluated the evidence for a seasonal effect by comparing for each measured element the trigonometric model to a model that was constant across time. RESULTS There was a seasonal trend in toenail element concentration for iron, aluminum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, and lead, all of which peaked near mid-August. Seasonal patterns were concordant across two non-overlapping samples of women, analyzed in different labs. DISCUSSION Given the evidence supporting seasonal patterns for 11 of the 17 elements measured in toenails, correcting for seasonality of toenail levels of those trace elements in models estimating the association between those exposures and health outcomes is important. The basis for higher concentrations in toenails collected during the summer remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Wojcik
- Brown School of Social Work and Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Health Equity and Decision Sciences Laboratory, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ann Von Holle
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Keith E. Levine
- Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Du H, Lu X, Han X. Spatial distribution characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in park dust in the Mianyang urban area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:104. [PMID: 38438597 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Park dust is a carrier of heavy metal pollutants and could potentially harm the health of urban residents. The concentrations of 10 heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in park dust from the Mianyang urban area were analysed via X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Based on ArcGIS spatial analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the spatial distribution and sources of HMs in park dust were studied. The average contents of Zn, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Ba in park dust were 185.0, 33.7, 38.7, 178.7, 51.0, and 662.1 mg/kg, respectively, which are higher than the reference values. The 10 HMs exhibited obvious spatial distribution and local spatial agglomeration patterns. High concentrations of As and Pb were primarily concentrated in the eastern part of the Mianyang urban area. High concentrations of Zn, Cr, and Cu were largely distributed in parks near the Changjiang River and Fujiang River. A high concentration of Co was concentrated in the northern region. The high-value areas of Mn, Ba, V, and Ni occurred far from the city centre and were located in the southwestern region. We found that Pb and As primarily originated from mixed traffic and natural sources; Zn, Cr, and Cu mainly originated from industrial activities; Co largely originated from building sources; and Ba, Ni, Mn, and V were mostly derived from natural sources. Mixed, industrial, building, and natural sources accounted for 24.5%, 24.8%, 24.7%, and 26.0%, respectively, of the HM sources. Co, Cu, Cr, and Zn in the Mianyang urban area were obviously influenced by human activities and should receive close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Du
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Xiufeng Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Baotou Normal College, Baotou, 014030, China
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Mouri H, Malepe RE, Candeias C. Geochemical composition and potential health risks of geophagic materials: an example from a rural area in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6305-6322. [PMID: 37296282 PMCID: PMC10403411 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geophagy is a common practice among rural population of the Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality area in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Although, the practice might be beneficial to the health of the consumers, its negative effects could overshadow the positive effects and might lead to detrimental health issues. The present work sought to investigate the geochemical composition as well as pH and organic matter (OM) content of geophagic materials commonly consumed in the study area. Furthermore, assessment of the potential health risk of the materials on geophagic individuals was also considered. Twelve samples were collected in the study area and analysed by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for major and trace elements composition. The results showed higher concentrations of non-essential elements (e.g., As, Cr, Pb) than the proposed recommended daily standards intake, suggesting a potential health risk. The alkaline nature (pH 6.80 to 9.22) of the studied samples might affect the bioacessibility of some essential elements. Furthermore, the OM content (> 0.7%) observed in some of the studied samples may retain pathogenic micro-organisms detrimental to health. Although As and Cr presented a low bioaccessible fraction (< 16.0%), health risk assessment revealed that their concentrations represented a hazard (HQ > 1) and might induce non-carcinogenic health threats to geophagic individuals. Based on the geochemical analysis, pH and OM content as well as health risk assessment findings, the studied geophagic materials are not considered suitable for human consumption. The practice should therefore be discouraged amongst the population in the study area to avoid possible detrimental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Mouri
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | | | - Carla Candeias
- GeoBioTec Research Unit, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Wojcik KM, Holle AV, O'Brien KM, White AJ, Karagas MR, Levine KE, Jackson BP, Weinberg CR. Seasonal patterns in trace elements assessed in toenails. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3093700. [PMID: 37461592 PMCID: PMC10350174 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3093700/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal patterns in measured exposure biomarkers can cause measurement error in epidemiological studies. There is little known about the seasonality of trace elements when measured in toenails. Adjusting for such patterns when estimating associations between long-term exposures and health outcomes could be needed to improve precision and reduce bias. Our goal was to assess seasonal patterns in toenail measurements of trace elements. At enrollment, Sister Study participants, who were US residents, removed polish and collected toenail clippings, which were cleaned before analysis. We measured: iron, vanadium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, antimony, mercury, and lead. For a sample of the cohort we fit trigonometric regression models with toenail element measures as the outcome, using sine and cosine functions of the collection day of the year (transformed to an angle) to assess seasonality. Results were replicated in a second sample of women, with measurements done in a separate lab. There was a seasonal association between day of collection and toenail measures for iron, aluminum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, and lead, all of which peaked near mid-August. Seasonal patterns were concordant across the two samples of women. Given the evidence supporting seasonal patterns for 11 of the 17 elements measured in toenails, correcting for seasonality of toenail levels of those trace elements in models estimating the association between those exposures and health outcomes is important. The basis for higher concentrations in toenails collected during the summer remains unknown.
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Gandolff R. Lead exposure in childhood and historical land use: a geostatistical analysis of soil lead concentrations in South Philadelphia parks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:356. [PMID: 36732369 PMCID: PMC9894736 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Elevated soil lead (Pb) concentrations in public parks and outdoor spaces continue to have a significant impact on the public health of urban communities. This study evaluated the geospatial and statistical relationships between soil Pb concentrations, the urban environment, and child blood lead levels (BLLs) in the neighborhood of South Philadelphia, PA. Soil samples (n = 240) were collected from forty (40) public parks and analyzed for Pb using a field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. Geospatial mapping was used to investigate historical land use of each park, vehicular traffic on adjacent roadways, and density of residential/commercial development. Predicted child BLLs and BLL "high-risk areas" were identified using interpolation and biokinetic modeling. Childhood BLL data for South Philadelphia (n = 10,379) was provided by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (2013-2015). Of the two hundred forty (240) soil samples collected, Pb levels for 10.8% of samples were ≥ 400 ppm. Two hundred sixty-nine of 10,379 children screened were identified with BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL. Historical land use of each park was shown to be significantly correlated (p = 0.01) with soil Pb concentrations and child BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL. Approximately 13.3% of the variance in child BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL was attributed to historical site land use. Overall, undeveloped/greenspace historical land use exhibited the highest soil Pb concentrations in the study. Geospatial relationships were identified between census tracts with higher percentages of children with BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL and interpolated BLL "high-risk" areas (≥ 3.5 µg/dL). The results of this study suggest soil accumulation time and historical land use may influence soil Pb concentrations and child BLLs in urban communities. Measured soil Pb concentrations were determined to effectively model community-wide contamination and childhood Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafhael Gandolff
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York City, USA.
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Liu Y, Jin T, Yu S, Chu H. Pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in road dust in Ma'anshan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43726-43739. [PMID: 36662435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Road dust contains various heavy metals, which are re-suspension in the air under the action of wind and other external forces, threatening people's health all the time. Road dust was collected in the industrial heavy traffic area (IHT), non-industrial heavy traffic area (HT), urban area (UA), and study recreation area (SR) of Ma'anshan. The pollution degree of heavy metals in the four areas was calculated and demonstrated IHT > HT > UA > SR. In addition to the Ni (24.24 mg kg-1)metals, the metals concentrations of Cr (74.14 mg kg-1), Cu (91.8 mg kg-1), Zn (393.03 mg kg-1), Cd (9.93 mg kg-1), and Pb (72.85 mg kg-1) were all higher than the local soil background values. Cu comes from traffic emissions, Pb, Cd, and Zn mainly come from industrial emissions, as well as traffic emissions. While Cr and Ni mainly come from industrial emissions and local soil re-suspension. The non-carcinogenic risk of each heavy metal to children is 10 times higher than that of adults. Among them, the non-carcinogenic risk of Cr, Cd, and Pb to children is close to 1, so great attention should be paid to it. According to the study of enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Cd is extremely polluted and it is imperative to reduce Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuihua Yu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Lu X, Fan P, Yu B, Wang L, Lei K, Zuo L. Multi-element features and trace metal sources of road sediment from a mega heavy industrial city in North China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137093. [PMID: 36332740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the primary carrier of harmful elements, road sediment poses severe hazards to human health and ecological environment, especially in megacities. Based on the industrial cities in North China, this research focused on the multi-element features and the pollution levels, sources, and spatial distributions of trace metals in road sediment of Shijiazhuang. The mean levels of P (928.4 mg kg-1), S (1446.2 mg kg-1), Cl (783.9 mg kg-1), Br (5.3 mg kg-1), Na2O (2.0%), CaO (9.9%), Co (36.0 mg kg-1), Pb (38.0 mg kg-1), Cu (34.7 mg g-1), Zn (149.1 mg kg-1), Ba (518.1 mg kg-1), and Sr (224.9 mg kg-1) in road sediment were greater than their soil background values. Trace metals in most samples was moderately (75%) and heavily contaminated (15.6%). The industrial areas, congested roads, and residential areas in the northeast, middle and south of Shijiazhuang are the hotspots of trace metals pollution. A comprehensive analysis of trace metals sources indicated that Ni, V, Ga, Rb, Y, Sc, La, Ce, Zr, and Hf were mainly from natural source, which contributed to 34.2% of the total trace metals concentrations. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ba, Sr, and Mn primarily originated from mixed source, which accounted for 46.5%. Co principally came from building source, which accounted for 19.3%. This study shows that industrial discharges, construction dust and traffic emissions are the primary anthropogenic sources of trace metals in road sediment in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Cañizares-Macías MDP. A prototype microfluidic paper-based chromatic device for simultaneous determination of copper(II) and zinc(II) in urine. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Yang X, Eziz M, Hayrat A, Ma X, Yan W, Qian K, Li J, Liu Y, Wang Y. Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment of Surface Dust in the Arid NW China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13296. [PMID: 36293878 PMCID: PMC9603297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in urban surface dust (USD) can be extremely hazardous to urban ecology and human health. Oasis cities are located at the edge of deserts and are more exposed to salt/sandstorms, and they face a significantly higher accumulation of USD than wet or semi-humid areas. However, systematic studies on the pollution and risk assessment of HMs in USD in oasis cities have rarely been conducted. This study systematically analyzed the enrichment status, spatial distribution, pollution levels, health risks, and sources of HMs in USD in a typical oasis city (Changji city). The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Cu in the USD of Changji city were 46.83, 26.35, 9.92, 0.21, 0.047, and 59.33 mg/kg, respectively, and the results of the pollution index evaluation showed moderate Pb, Hg, and Cu pollution, mild Cd pollution, and no Ni or As pollution. The spatial distribution of HM concentrations in the USD was substantially heterogeneous. High values of Pb, Hg, and Cu concentrations were mainly observed in areas with relatively intensive transportation and commercial activities, and high values of Cd and Ni were observed in industrial areas. The health risk assessment showed that HMs do not pose non-carcinogenic risks to humans at their current level, but they pose a carcinogenic risk to children, with As contributing the largest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. The source identification of HMs showed that the main pollution of HMs were traffic sources for Pb and Cu, industrial sources for Ni and Cd, natural sources for As, and coal-fired sources for Hg. According to the results of the quantitative analysis with the positive matrix factorization, the contribution of pollution sources followed this order: industrial sources (31.08%) > traffic sources (26.80%) > coal-fired sources (23.31%) > natural sources (18.81%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Yang
- College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Mamattursun Eziz
- College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Adila Hayrat
- College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of CA, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Kaixuan Qian
- China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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12
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Wang S, Xiong Z, Wang L, Yang X, Yan X, Li Y, Zhang C, Liang T. Potential hot spots contaminated with exogenous, rare earth elements originating from e-waste dismantling and recycling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119717. [PMID: 35810987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dismantling and recycling e-waste has been recognized as a potential emission source of rare earth elements (REEs). However, the presence of REEs in typical regional soils has yet to be studied. Given the potential health implications of such soil contamination, it is vital to study the characteristics, spatial distribution, and pollution level of REEs caused by e-waste dismantling as well as determine the influencing mechanism. This study focused on Guiyu Town as an example site, which is a typical e-waste dismantling base. From the site, 39 topsoil samples of different types were collected according to grid distribution points. Soil profiles were also collected in the dismantling and non-dismantling areas. The REE characteristic parameters showed that the REE distribution was abnormal and was affected by multiple factors. The results of the integrated pollution index showed that approximately 61.5% of soil samples were considered to be lightly polluted. Spatial distribution and correlation analysis showed that hot spots of REE-polluted soil coincided with known, main pollution sources. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation (p ≤0.05) between the REE concentration and the distance from the pollution source. E-waste disassembly and recycling greatly affect the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding soil as well as downward migration areas. In the disassembly area, REE accumulated more easily in the surface layer (0-20 cm). Geographical detector results showed that distance factor was the main contribution factor for both light rare earth elements (LREE) and heavy rare earth element (HREE) (q = 34.59% and 53.33%, respectively). REE distribution in soil was nonlinear enhanced by different factors. Taken together, these results showed that e-waste disassembling and recycling not only directly affected the spatial distribution of REEs, but that their distribution was also affected by land use type and soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhunan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Mohammed S, Mohammed FK. Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in road dust at two industrial parks in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:445. [PMID: 35604459 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements can enter the environment through natural and anthropogenic processes, with the latter considered the primary contributor. Road dust samples from two industrial parks on the island of Trinidad were investigated for heavy metal content, and the pollution status, potential health risks, and source apportionment were evaluated. Samples were acid-digested and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The average levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc in road dust at the Frederick Settlement Industrial Park were 1.14 μg/g, 15.13 μg/g, 66.42 μg/g, 768.49 μg/g, 37.95 μg/g, 55.90 μg/g, and 573.04 μg/g, respectively, while average concentrations at the O'Meara Industrial Park were 1.20 μg/g, 16.97 μg/g, 42.72 μg/g, 482.65 μg/g, 21.12 μg/g, 136.77 μg/g, and 358.70 μg/g, respectively. Contamination assessments evaluated both Fredrick Settlement and O'Meara as typically uncontaminated to moderately polluted, with the overall ecological risk deemed low at all locations. Hazard index values at all sampling areas were lower than 1, indicating no potential non-carcinogenic risks to children or adults, while the carcinogenic exposure risks for cadmium, chromium, and nickel were considered low. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed two main sources of contamination for Fredrick Settlement, and three main sources for O'Meara. Based on the groupings obtained, the presence of potentially toxic elements was attributed primarily to specific anthropogenic activities within the industrial parks, with lesser contributions from vehicular-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleema Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Faisal K Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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14
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Kormoker T, Kabir MH, Khan R, Islam MS, Shammi RS, Al MA, Proshad R, Tamim U, Sarker ME, Taj MTI, Akter A, Idris AM. Road dust-driven elemental distribution in megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh: environmental, ecological, and human health risks assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22350-22371. [PMID: 34782979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Road dust, which reflects ambient air quality, receives various pollutants including toxic metal(oid)s from several natural and/or anthropogenic sources. This manuscript reports a comprehensive evaluation of the levels of seventeen metal(oid)s in road dust of a megacity (Dhaka, Bangladesh). Different evaluation approaches were implemented including statistical analysis and GIS mapping, besides environmental, ecological, and human health risk indices. From 30 sampling sites, representative samples were collected, which were analyzed by neutron activation analysis. The average concentrations (± SD) of Na, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, and W were 11,738 ± 560 µg g-1, 12,410 ± 1249 µg g-1, 62,127 ± 5937 µg g-1, 8.89 ± 0.47 µg g-1, 5224 ± 1244 µg g-1, 66 ± 8 µg g-1, 66.7 ± 6.9 µg g-1, 547 ± 110 µg g-1, 25,150 ± 1723 µg g-1, 8.39 ± 0.65 µg g-1, 125 ± 17 µg g-1, 3.63 ± 0.56 µg g-1, 87 ± 9 µg g-1, 0.75 ± 0.28 µg g-1, 4.40 ± 0.48 µg g-1, 397 ± 87 µg g-1, and 3.82 ± 1.77 µg g-1, respectively. The distance-based redundancy analysis showed that the northern region was enriched with Na, Mn, Al, Fe, Zn, and Rb, while the southern region was enriched with Fe, Al, Ti, Cr, and Mg. The GIS mapping shows hot spots of Sc, Cr, Zn, and Cs were observed mostly in heavy traffic areas. Significant positive correlations of Fe-Sc, Al-Mg, V-Mg, V-Al, Cs-Rb, Cs-Sc, Rb-Sc, As-Na, and Cs-Rb invoked their inter-dependency and persistence in road dust. Depending on a set of environmental and ecological index-based calculation, the degree of metal(oid) pollution followed the descending order as W > Sb > Zn > Cr > As > Ti > Sc > V, while no pollution was recorded by Mn, Fe, Al, Rb, Cs, Co, and Ba. Importantly, the total hazard index values for adults and children were higher than unity, indicating potential non-carcinogenic health risks from exposure of road dust. Furthermore, the total carcinogenic risks from Cr and As through ingestion and dermal contact exceeded the standard guideline values. The implementation of different evaluation approaches strengthens the findings of metal(oid) source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Rifat Shahid Shammi
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Mamun Abdullah Al
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Ram Proshad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Umma Tamim
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Eusuf Sarker
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ayesha Akter
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 9004, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Wang S, Wang L, Huan Y, Wang R, Liang T. Concentrations, spatial distribution, sources and environmental health risks of potentially toxic elements in urban road dust across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150266. [PMID: 34536864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution is widespread in road dust across China, and the effects of PTEs in road dust on health cannot be ignored. In this study, the concentrations of six PTEs (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) in 4336 road dust samples from 58 cities in 31 provincial regions of China taken after 2000 were obtained from the literatures. Based on these data, the spatial distribution, pollution sources, and ecological and human health risks of PTEs in road dust were comprehensively assessed and the main pollution factors and areas of high risk were identified. The results revealed that PTE levels are generally higher in eastern cities than western cities in China. The key driving factors are socioeconomic factors, including those related to transportation, industry, and population, for which the contribution rates are 57.80%, 55.39% and 37.19%, respectively. PTEs in the road dust with high ecological risks are mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. No obvious noncarcinogenic risk was found for PTEs in road dust, but Cd and Pb may have potential noncarcinogenic risk, mainly distributed in cities in western China. Therefore, regions and pollution sources contributing to Pb and Cd levels should be monitored. The control of PTE pollution in China is a priority for ecological and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yizhong Huan
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Assessment of the Impact of a Motorway on Content andSpatial Distribution of Mercury in Adjacent Agricultural Soils. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of Hg in the vicinity of roads is probably not exclusively dependent on car emissions, but also on the presence of other point or diffuse sources of Hg emissions located from metres to several km away. The source of mercury in urbanised areas is pollution derived from the burning of fuels and industrial and transport waste, while in agricultural areas, it is constituent in mineral fertilisers and crop protection products. The research objective was to evaluate the content and spatial distribution of mercury in arable soils adjacent to the A1 motorway in Poland. The research material consisted of 40 soil samples taken from 20 test points on four transects at distances of 5, 10, 25 and 50 m from a noise barrier and in the direction of an arable field, and 10 m from the noise barrier in the direction of the motorway. Total mercury content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using an AMA 254 analyser. The spatial relationship between adjacent observations of variables was assessed using Moran’s I overall autocorrelation coefficient. Probability maps of mercury distribution in the field and pollution indicators were elaborated in ArcGIS 10.4.1. using Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation. Analysis of the spatial correlation of Moran’s I showed a lack of spatial dependence between tested points, which may evidence that the motorway does not affect mercury contents in the soil. The elevated mercury content at a single test point may indicate a random event unrelated to the motorway’s operation.
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Ferreira MDS, Fontes MPF, Pacheco AA, Ker JC, Lima HN. Health risks of potentially toxic trace elements in urban soils of Manaus city, Amazon, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3407-3427. [PMID: 33555492 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The city of Manaus is the biggest industrial city of the north Brazilian region, and a haphazard urbanization process characterizes it. The continuous urbanization and industrialization processes have increased the levels of trace elements in the urban environment and have posed great threat on human health. It is, then, essential to assess the pollution levels and the potential risks of the trace elements presence in urban soils. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the status of trace elements soils pollution and their human health risks to the population of Manaus City. Twenty-two soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm), and the contents of Ba, Cr, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb were analyzed. Results showed the predominance of kaolinite, gibbsite and goethite as the main minerals of the clay fraction. The trace elements contents were affected by both natural sources and anthropic activities such as industrial operations and vehicular emissions. The soil contamination assessment by Enrichment Factor showed the existence of eight samples classified as considerably contaminated and two samples classified as highly contaminated. Geoaccumulation index also showed the existence of eight samples exhibiting considerable contamination and one sample showing high contamination. The non-carcinogenic health risk was considered low (HI < 1) to both children and adults. However, the carcinogenic risk of Cd and Pb was higher than the safety limits (CRtotal > 1 × 10-6), indicating that the long exposure to contaminated soils increases the probability of children's cancer occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anderson Almeida Pacheco
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Ker
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Hedinaldo Narciso Lima
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Solos, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-900, Brazil
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18
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Lead Pollution, Demographics, and Environmental Health Risks: The Case of Philadelphia, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179055. [PMID: 34501644 PMCID: PMC8431549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) soil contamination in urban environments represents a considerable health risk for exposed populations, which often include environmental justice communities. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), Pb pollution is a major concern primarily due to extensive historical Pb-smelting/processing activity and legacy use of Pb-based paints and leaded gasoline. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) organized and/or compiled community-driven soil sampling campaigns to investigate Pb content in surface soils across Philadelphia. Using these data (n = 1277), combined with our own dataset (n = 1388), we explored the spatial distribution of Pb content in soils across the city using ArcGIS. While assessing Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP)-code level data, we found strong correlations between factors, such as the percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels (% EBLL) and % minority population as well as between % EBLL and % children in poverty. We developed a “Lead Index” that took demographics, median measured Pb-in-soil content, and % EBLLs into account to identify ZIP codes in need of further assessment. Our results will be used to help lower the Pb-exposure risk for vulnerable children living in disproportionately burdened communities.
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19
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Chen X, Liu G, Jiang C, Zheng L. Study of the micromorphology and health risks of arsenic in copper smelting slag tailings for safe resource utilization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112321. [PMID: 33991933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Slag tailings are produced by "cooling-grinding-ball milling-flotation" and other processes of slag, while slag is produced by the flash smelting of the original ore. The utilization and environmental hazards of arsenic in slag tailings have become a focus of attention. This study on slag tailings reveals the presence of arsenic in copper smelting tailings from the mineralogy and leaching perspectives, and the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of arsenic to the human body were assessed by using the USEPA health risk model. The surface particles of the slag tailings were unevenly dispersed, and the mineral crystals were relatively complete. A small amount of secondary minerals had grown on the mineral surface. Most of the fine particles adhered to the surface of the main mineral to form inclusions. The mineral composition of the slag tailings was dominated by maghemite (Fe3O4) and fayalite (Fe2SiO4), and the arsenic-bearing minerals were unevenly distributed, where As (Ⅴ) fine particles were embedded in maghemite, amorphous phase and fayalite. There was a large amount of residual arsenic in the slag tailing particles, and the leaching content of arsenic in the toxicity leaching procedure was always lower than the limit of 5 mg/L. The health risk to the exposed population was evaluated by the USEPA health risk model. Since the exposed population in the industrial land is mainly adults, it is determined that the tailings will not cause harm to children's health. In this evaluation, the exposure duration (length of service of the workers) of 30 years, exposure frequency of 314 d/y and body weight of 60 kg (average weight of the workers) were taken as the parameters of three exposure pathways: hand-oral ingestion, respiratory system inhalation and skin contact. Therefore, longer activity time of the workers in the tailing workshop corresponds to a higher HI (hazard index). Although the arsenic in the slag tailings had a certain degree of bioavailability, it was not sufficient to adversely affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; School of Earth and Space Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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20
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A Review of Metal Levels in Urban Dust, Their Methods of Determination, and Risk Assessment. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review gives insights into the levels of metals in urban dust, their determination methods, and risk assessment. Urban dust harbors a number of pollutants, including heavy metals. There are various methods used for the sampling of urban dust for heavy-metal analysis and source-apportionment purposes, with the predominant one being the use of plastic sampling materials to avoid prior contamination. There are also various methods for the determination of metals, which include: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), among others. Studies have shown that pollutants in urban dust are mainly derived from industrial activities and coal combustion, whereas traffic emissions are also an important, but not a predominant source of pollution. The varying particle-size distribution of urban dust and its large surface area makes it easier for the deposition and transport of heavy metals. Risk-assessment studies have shown that metals in urban dust could cause such problems as human pulmonary toxicity and reduction of invertebrate populations. The risk levels seem to be higher in children than adults, as some studies have shown. It is therefore important that studies on metals in urban dust should always incorporate risk assessment as one of the main issues.
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21
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O'Shea MJ, Krekeler MPS, Vann DR, Gieré R. Investigation of Pb-contaminated soil and road dust in a polluted area of Philadelphia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:440. [PMID: 34164717 PMCID: PMC8415436 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A multi-analytical geochemical investigation of Pb-contaminated collocated road dust and soils, at two size fractions, was performed in Fishtown, Philadelphia, PA, USA. The combinations of methods employed in this case study were chosen to better characterize the contamination, enhance identification of pollution sources, improve understanding of the impact of former Pb smelters, and to study the relationships between two media and between two size fractions. High concentrations of Cu and Sn were observed in both bulk and finer road dust, whereas large concentrations of Zn and Pb were found in both bulk and finer soil samples, implying pollution. There were no obvious associations between Pb soil concentrations and former smelter locations. Therefore, the primary source of the high mean Pb content in bulk (595 ppm) and fine soils (687 ppm) was likely legacy lead paint and/or leaded-gasoline products. Using electron microscopy, we found that Pb particles were mainly 0.1-10 µm in diameter and were ubiquitous in both soil and dust samples. Two-way analysis of variance tests revealed that, for most chemical elements explored here, there were statistically significant differences in concentrations based on media and size fractions, with finer sizes being more polluted than the bulk. The mineralogical composition and the sources of several pollutant elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb), however, were similar for both soil and dust, pointing to material exchange between the two media. We suggest that future investigations of collocated road dust and soils in urban environments use the methodologies applied in this study to obtain detailed insights into sources of roadside pollution and the relationships between neighboring media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Shea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA.
| | - Mark P S Krekeler
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University Hamilton, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - David R Vann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
| | - Reto Gieré
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
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22
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Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041870. [PMID: 33671883 PMCID: PMC7918950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution, pollution level and potential ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from manganese mining in a karstic Danshui River, in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China. River water and sediments were collected for seven PTEs measurement (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn), as well as pH and Eh of the river water were measured. Results showed that the major pollutant was Mn, the river water environment was mainly acidic and oxidizing (288 < Eh, pH < 6.3), and the pollution distribution of Mn in the study area was dominated by the combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In the river water, according to the contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (IPL) results, Mn was considered the main pollutant. There was low As and Pb pollution downstream as well as Cu pollution upstream. Upstream and downstream areas were the main polluted river sections of the river water samples collected. In river sediments, based on the results of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (IPER), it was determined that there was only considerable Mn pollution. The IPER of the PTEs from the river sediments was at acceptable levels, only Mn upstream performed at a moderate ecological risk level. According to Pearson correlation and principal component analysis, Mn originated from manganese mining activities, Cd, Cr and Zn were of natural origin, and Cu may have come from both mining and natural origin, whereas Pb and As were mainly related to the daily activities. Consequently, elemental speciation, mining activities and the distribution of water conservancy facilities were the main impacts of PET pollution distribution in this river.
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Elsayed Y, Kanan S, Farhat A. Meteorological patterns, technical validation, and chemical comparison of atmospheric dust depositions and bulk sand in the Arabian Gulf region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116190. [PMID: 33316506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports seasonal variations of meteorological parameters, atmospheric dust and dust-borne heavy metals concentrations measured, over a period of two years, next to two major airports (Dubai International Airport and Abu Dhabi International Airport) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. On-line monitoring stations were installed at each location next to dust samplers used to frequently collect PM2.5 and PM10 on Teflon filters for metal analysis. Clear seasonal variation in meteorological parameters were identified. The particulate matter concentrations depicted from the two locations were continuously monitored. The PM2.5 concentration ranged from 50 to 100 μg/m3 on normal days but reached 350-400 μg/m3 per day during mild storms. The PM10 levels ranged between 100 and 250 μg/m3 during normal days and spiked to 750 μg/m3 during mild storms. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS) revealed the presence of significant amounts of alkali and alkaline earth metals, which pose potential harm to aircraft engines. ICP analysis showed the presence of heavy and toxic metals in concentrations that may pose harm to human health. Bulk sand samples from Abu Dhabi sites showed chemical similarities to the atmospheric dust samples. The concentrations of heavy metals, PM2.5, and PM10 are at levels that require further monitoring due to their impact on human health. The two years meteorological monitoring, with the seasonal variations, provided additional regional data in the Arabian Gulf. Furthermore, the study concluded that Sand and Dust storms (SDS) occur more frequently at the northern Arabian Gulf compared to its southern region. The chemical correlation between atmospheric dust and regional desert sand suggests the localized origin of the smaller dust particles that may form by breaking apart of the ground sand grains. As a result of the ongoing urbanization in the region, it is essential to collect additional data from various locations for a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehya Elsayed
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P. O. Box, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sofian Kanan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P. O. Box, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Farhat
- Dioscuri Centre in Topological Data Analysis, Mathematical Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Yu B, Lu X, Fan X, Fan P, Zuo L, Yang Y, Wang L. Analyzing environmental risk, source and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in dust of residential area in Xi'an urban area, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111679. [PMID: 33396011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on concentration, spatial distribution, pollution, ecological-health risk and source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in dust of residential area in Xi'an, China were conducted to explore the environmental quality of residential area in urban district. The results show that the concentrations of V, Ni, and Mn in the dust were less than, while the contents of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ba in the dust were obviously larger than, the soil background values of Shaanxi. The high-value area of PTEs primarily concentrated in densely populated areas, heavily trafficked areas and the surroundings of plants. Cr, Pb and Zn posed moderate enrichment and Pb possessed moderate ecological risk in the dust. The comprehensive pollution levels of PTEs in the dust were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated and their comprehensive ecological risk were moderate. The non-carcinogenic risks of the PTEs for adults and children were in the safe level and the carcinogenic risks of Ni and Cr were under the current acceptable value. Four major sources were discriminated on basis of the multivariate statistical analysis results and the content characteristics, enrichment degrees, and the spatial distribution features of the PTEs, viz. Mn, V, and Ni primarily came from natural source; Pb, Zn, and Cu mainly originated from traffic source; and Ba and Cr were respectively from construction source and coal-fired power plant source, which respectively contributed 22.8%, 28.3%, 47.3%, and 1.6% to the total content of PTEs determined in the dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Krupnova TG, Rakova OV, Gavrilkina SV, Antoshkina EG, Baranov EO, Yakimova ON. Road dust trace elements contamination, sources, dispersed composition, and human health risk in Chelyabinsk, Russia. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127799. [PMID: 32739694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There are many sources of urban road dust, such as soil dispersal, emissions of industrial enterprises and thermal power plants, road traffic-related processes. Chelyabinsk was selected as a typical Russian industrial city. This work was the first pollution study of road dust in Chelyabinsk. We examined 125 road dust samples were on the content toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn). The concentrations of trace elements in road dust were determined using ICP-MS. Results showed that the metal concentrations in dust were higher than the background value of local soil. The distribution curves of dust were asymmetric, had have two peaks, and showed significant unimodal distribution. The higher share of particles was in the range from 30 … 40 to 250 … 300 μm. The thoracic fraction volume (%) and concentrations of trace elements were higher near metallurgical plants. Cadmium, Сu, Mn, Ni, Sr, Pb and Zn were originated from industry and transport; electrometallurgical plant was source of Cr; Al, Co, and Fe derived from local soils and pavement erosion; As, Hg and Sb were the tracers of coal-fired power stations emission. Ingestion was a major exposure way of toxic elements in the dust. The results suggested that there was no significant potential health risk to both children and adults from exposure to any elements in road dust. The cancer risk for adults and children from exposure to As, Cd, Cr, and Pb was found to be at the acceptable or tolerable level. The study deals with the contamination of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr and Zn) in road dust collected from Chelyabinsk urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana G Krupnova
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga V Rakova
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V Gavrilkina
- South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilmen Reserve, 456317, Miass, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta G Antoshkina
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny O Baranov
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga N Yakimova
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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Xia P, Ma L, Sun R, Yang Y, Tang X, Yan D, Lin T, Zhang Y, Yi Y. Evaluation of potential ecological risk, possible sources and controlling factors of heavy metals in surface sediment of Caohai Wetland, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140231. [PMID: 32927581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Caohai, a plateau wetland in Southwest China, is a national nature reserve providing protection for a variety of threatened and endangered species of migrant birds (e.g., the black-necked crane Grus nigricollis). It has been experiencing the increasing environmental problems with heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities. However, the contamination of heavy metals in different habitats is unclear. Surface sediment samples from these habitats were thus collected to analyze the distribution characteristics, potential risk and possible sources for heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Be, and V). The results showed that all of Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni concentrations exceeded the background values, and these elements (except Cr and Ni) presented comparatively high levels in habitat adjacent to urban in comparison with the other habitats. Based on the regression analysis, we found that metals with higher EFs (Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were mainly controlled by anthropogenic loadings, while metals with lower EFs (Cr, Ni, Be, and V) were mainly associated with sediment properties (pH or NOM). In addition, the results from geo-accumulation index, Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment, and risk assessment code showed that Cd and Hg posed a medium to high environmental risk to the ecosystem, and the other heavy metals posed no or low risk. Therefore, to protect this wetland ecosystem and to supply a well habitat for migratory birds, greater efforts aimed at reducing anthropogenic discharges and remediating sediment contaminated with heavy metals should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinhua Xia
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Rongguo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| | - Yu Yang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Xiangchen Tang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Dingbo Yan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, PR China
| | - Yin Yi
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, PR China.
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City-A Case of Łódź, Poland. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184350. [PMID: 32971977 PMCID: PMC7570559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution of urban soils by metals is a global problem. Prolonged exposure of habitants who are in contact with metals retained in soil poses a health risk. This particularly applies to industrialized cities with developed transport networks. The aim of the study was to determine the content and spatial distribution of mobile metal fractions in soils of the city of Łódź and to identify their load and sources. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA)), combined with GIS, were used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the soil contamination. Hot-spots and differences between urban and suburban areas were also investigated. Metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after soil extraction with 1 mol L-1 HCl. In most sites, the metal content changes in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. About one-third of the samples are considerably (or very highly) contaminated, (contamination factor, CF > 3) with Cu, Pb, or Zn. In almost 40% of the samples, contaminated soils were found (pollution load index, PLI > 1). All metals have a strong influence on the first principal component (PC1), whereas second principal component (PC2) is related to pH. Polluted soils are located in the downtown, in the south and east part of the city. The distribution of contamination coincides with the urban layout, low emission sources and former industrial areas of Łódź.
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Sun G, Feng X, Yang C, Zhang L, Yin R, Li Z, Bi X, Wu Y. Levels, sources, isotope signatures, and health risks of mercury in street dust across China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122276. [PMID: 32109793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distribution and isotope signature of mercury (Hg) in street dusts across China were investigated by collecting dust samples from 14 cities and reviewing previously published data from an additional 46 cities. Potential sources of street dust and the associated health risks to humans were also assessed. The total Hg (THg) concentrations in street dust ranged from 0.020-39.1 mg kg-1 with an average of 0.433 ± 0.185 mg kg-1 in the 60 cities. Street dust samples collected from 14 cities were characterized by slightly negative δ202Hg (-0.61 ± 0.92‰) and near-zero Δ199Hg (-0.03 ± 0.08‰) values, and coal combustion and industrial activities were estimated to be the major sources of Hg in street dust. The estimated average probable daily intake (PDI) of THg from street dust exposure for adults and children (1.36E-03 and 1.27E-02 μg d-1 kg-1, respectively) were comparable to their respective exposures via rice consumption in China. Children being exposed to THg in dust is a major concern in mercury mining areas (e.g., Wangshan and Xunyang), and may also be a concern in cities with major coal-based industries and nonferrous metal smelting. Results from this study suggest that exposure to street dust is not a primary MeHg exposure pathway in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Chenmeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Runsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
| | - Xiangyang Bi
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunjie Wu
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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Othman M, Latif MT. Pollution characteristics, sources, and health risk assessments of urban road dust in Kuala Lumpur City. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11227-11245. [PMID: 31956949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban road dust contains anthropogenic components at toxic concentrations which can be hazardous to human health. A total of 36 road dust samples from five different urban areas, a commercial (CM), a high traffic (HT), a park (GR), a rail station (LRT), and a residential area (RD), were collected in Kuala Lumpur City followed by investigation into compositions, sources, and human health risks. The concentrations of trace metals in road dust and the bioaccessible fraction were determined using inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while ion concentrations were determined using ion chromatography (IC). The trace metal concentrations were dominated by Fe and Al with contributions of 53% and 21% to the total trace metal and ion concentrations in road dust. Another dominant metal was Zn while the dominant ion was Ca2+ with average concentrations of 314 ± 190 μg g-1 and 3470 ± 1693 μg g-1, respectively. The most bioaccessible fraction was Zn followed by the sequence Sr > Cd > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co > Mn > As > V > Pb > Fe > Al > U. The results revealed that the highest trace metal and ion concentrations in road dust and in the bioaccessible fraction were found at the LRT area. Based on the source apportionment analysis, the major source of road dust was vehicle emissions/traffic activity (47%), and for the bioaccessible fraction, the major source was soil dust (50%). For the health risk assessments, hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) values for each element were < 1 and in the tolerable range (1.0E-06 to 1.0E-04), except for As for the ingestion pathway. This result suggests a low risk from non-carcinogenic and probable risk from carcinogenic elements, with higher health risks for children compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murnira Othman
- Centre for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Centre for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
In this study, urban road dust (URD) samples were collected in two populated agglomerations of Wrocław and Katowice (Lower and Upper Silesia) in Poland. Both the total concentrations of URD-bound Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Ba, Cr, Mg, and Al and concentrations of their water-soluble fraction were determined. The contamination characteristics and health risk related to these elements were assessed. Contamination level assessment was done by Pollution Load Index (PLI), which indicated much higher pollution of Katowice agglomeration than Wrocław. The enrichment factor values (EF) showed that the most elements in both Katowice and Wrocław orginated from anthropogenic sources. The calculations of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that Zn and As are the key pollutants in Katowice; and in the Wrocław region, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni are. The principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis provide information about the potential sources of metals. Additionally, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed and four factors in PMF analysis were found and then interpreted by comparing to the source profiles. Three contamination sources were revealed: fossil fuel combustion, road traffic and industrial emissions. Although the main source of studied metals in Lower Silesia is road traffic, in Upper Silesia, domestic heating with the use of hard and brawn coal and industrial activity predominates. Human exposure to individual toxic metals through road dust was assessed for both children and adults. By calculating the average daily dose (ADD) via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, it was found that ingestion and then dermal contact were the greatest exposure pathways for humans in Katowice and Wrocław. Children had greater health risks than adults. According to the health risk assessment, the overall non-carcinogenic risks in both urban areas was rather low. The only exception was As bound to urban road dust in Katowice agglomeration, which indicates risk for children when ingested. The total excess cancer risk (ECR) was also lower than the acceptable level (10−6–10−4) for both adults and children, although ECR for Katowice was closer to this limit.
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31
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Muhammad-Aree S, Teepoo S. On-site detection of heavy metals in wastewater using a single paper strip integrated with a smartphone. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1395-1405. [PMID: 31919608 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A field paper-based heavy metal strip was designed and implemented for simultaneous detection of the heavy metals Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Mn in wastewater samples. The colorimetric paper strip was fabricated by drop-casting of chromogenic reagents onto detection zones. When the fabricated paper strip was exposed to Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Mn, multiple colors appeared that were then recorded with a smartphone followed by processing in the Color Picker application. After optimizing the analytical parameters, such as the chromogenic concentration, pH and reaction time, the paper strip achieved detection limits of 0.63, 0.07, 0.17, 0.03 and 0.11 mg/L for Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Mn, respectively. Five heavy metals analyses were able to be performed within 1 min on one paper strip. This paper strip is accurate with recoveries from 87 to 107%. The results of the proposed paper strip correlated well with those determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry of wastewater samples. The use of a single paper strip integrated with a smartphone for the detection of five heavy metals in wastewater represents an all-in-one device with on-site detection, leading to cost-effective and rapid assays that show a great application potential for on-site environmental monitoring. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supattra Muhammad-Aree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
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Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Levizou E, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Vithanage M, Ok YS, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. A critical prospective analysis of the potential toxicity of trace element regulation limits in soils worldwide: Are they protective concerning health risk assessment? - A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:819-847. [PMID: 31051325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) may have toxic effects to plants and humans; thus, countries and organizations impose maximum allowable regulation limits of their concentrations in soils. Usually such limits are placed in different categories according to soil use, soil properties or based on both attributes. However, some countries have regulation limits irrespective of differentiation in soil properties. In this review, we aimed at collecting TE regulation limits in soils from major countries and organizations around the globe, and critiquing them by assessing potential human health risks in the case of soils attaining the maximum allowable values. We explored the soil-to-human pathway and differentiated among three major exposures from TEs, i.e., residential, industrial and agricultural. We observed the existence of problems concerning TE regulation limits, among which the fact that limits across countries do not regulate the same TEs, not even a minimum number of TEs. This indicates that countries do not seem to agree on which regulation limits of TEs pose a high risk. Also, these regulation limits do not take into account TE mobility to neighbouring environment interphases such as plant, especially edible, and water matrices. Moreover, limits for same TEs are vastly diverse across countries; this indicates that those countries have conflicting information concerning TE-related health risks. Subsequently, we addressed this problem of diversity by quantifying resultant risks; we did that by calculating human health risk indices, taking into consideration the cases in which the highest allowable TE limits are attained in soil. Arsenic limits were found to generate a relatively high hazard quotient (HQi, accounting for human intake over the maximum allowable oral reference dose for that same TE), indicating that its risk tends to be underestimated. Other TE limits, such as those of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn typically result in low HQi, meaning that limits in their cases are rather overprotective. Our approach reveals the need of reducing diversity in regulation limits by drafting soil legislations of worldwide validity, since risks are common across countries. We suggest that new directions should strategically tend to (a) reduce limits of TEs with underestimated contribution to health risk (such as As), (b) cautiously increase limits of TEs that currently cause minor health risks, (c) quantify TE risks associated with uptake to edible plants and potable water, and (d) consider multi-element contamination cases, where risks are cumulatively enhanced due to TE synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Efi Levizou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science & Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Othman M, Latif MT, Matsumi Y. The exposure of children to PM 2.5 and dust in indoor and outdoor school classrooms in Kuala Lumpur City Centre. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:739-749. [PMID: 30583285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is important to assess indoor air quality in school classrooms where the air quality may significantly influence school children's health and performance. This study aims to determine the concentrations of PM2.5 and dust chemical compositions in indoor and outdoor school classroom located in Kuala Lumpur City Centre. The PM2.5 concentration was measured from 19th September 2017-16th February 2018 using an optical PM2.5 sensor. Indoor and outdoor dust was also collected from the school classrooms and ion and trace metal concentrations were analysed using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) respectively. This study showed that the average indoor and outdoor 24 h PM2.5 was 11.2 ± 0.45 µg m-3 and 11.4 ± 0.44 µg m-3 respectively. The 8 h PM2.5 concentration ranged between 3.2 and 28 µg m-3 for indoor and 3.2 and 19 µg m-3 for outdoor classrooms. The highest ion concentration in indoor dust was Ca2+ with an average concentration of 38.5 ± 35.0 µg g-1 while for outdoor dust SO42- recorded the highest ion concentration with an average concentration of 30.6 ± 9.37 µg g-1. Dominant trace metals in both indoor and outdoor dust were Al, Fe and Zn. Principle component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) demonstrated that the major source of indoor dust was road dust (69%), while soil dominated the outdoor dust (74%). Health risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) value for non-carcinogenic trace metals was < 1 while the total cancer risk (CR) value for carcinogenic elements was below the acceptable limit for both indoor and outdoor dust through dermal and inhalation pathways, but not the ingestion pathway. This study suggests indoor contributions of PM2.5 concentrations are due to the activities of the school children while the compositions of indoor and outdoor dust are greatly influenced by the soil/earth source plus industrial and traffic contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murnira Othman
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Institute for Space-Earth Environment Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Alharbi BH, Pasha MJ, Al-Shamsi MAS. Influence of Different Urban Structures on Metal Contamination in Two Metropolitan Cities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4920. [PMID: 30894573 PMCID: PMC6426876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of urban structures and land use patterns of metropolitan cities on the distribution of contaminants is not well understood. In this study, two metropolitan cities [Jeddah (a typical corridor city) and Madinah (a typical compact city)], featuring different spreading patterns and urban structures, were selected to investigate the contamination level and potential risk caused by metals (i.e., Pb, Zn, Co, Fe, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Mn) associated with urban dust. The findings of this study show that a metropolitan city with a limited variety of activities and a polar center (e.g., Madinah) displays a typical distribution pattern of metals, i.e., concentrations of metals increase gradually toward the center of the city. In contrast, a metropolitan city with multiple major activities (e.g., Jeddah) displays a different distribution pattern, controlled by multiple key actors (e.g., seaports, oil refineries, and desalination/power plants) able to shift the location of highest contamination away from the city center. The above findings are supported by the results of several contamination and health indices. In Jeddah, the highest Pb contamination was found near an oil refinery based on geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and ecological risk (Ei) values; whereas, the highest Zn contamination was found near a seaport, based on EF, CF, and Ei values. However, in Madinah, the contamination indices indicate that the most contaminated locations are near the city center. The highest non-carcinogenic health risk in Jeddah was found near an oil refinery and in the city center; whereas in Madinah, it was found mainly in the city center. Although there is no significant risk of cancer due to metals associated with dust in the two cities, Cr, representing a health risk contribution of >24%, was the major contributor of non-carcinogenic health risk in the two metropolitan cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr H Alharbi
- National Centre for Environmental Technology (NCET), Life Science & Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad J Pasha
- National Centre for Environmental Technology (NCET), Life Science & Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ahmad S Al-Shamsi
- National Centre for Environmental Technology (NCET), Life Science & Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Li F, Jinxu Y, Shao L, Zhang G, Wang J, Jin Z. Delineating the origin of Pb and Cd in the urban dust through elemental and stable isotopic ratio: A study from Hangzhou City, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:674-683. [PMID: 30098563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban dust (UD) is one of the main sinks of heavy metals in urban environments; however, the sources of these heavy metals are quite difficult to identify. A total of 78 UD samples were collected bi-monthly from October 2012 to August 2013, including 13 sites from three functional areas (residential areas, city parks, and main roads) and the Botanic Garden as a control district. The metal ratios and lead isotopic ratios combined with correlation analysis were used to identify the sources of Pb and Cd in the UD samples. In the scatter plot of Cd/Mn vs Pb/Mn, the dust samples could be classified into four groups showing their different sources and characteristics. Lead isotopic composition analysis indicated that coal combustion was the main source of Pb for residential dusts, while automobile exhaust emission for road dusts. Correlation analysis revealed that the abraded paints was a main contribution of Cd in UD, especially those in city parks. The research provides a useful method of combining multiple approaches to identify sources of metal elements in UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yifei Jinxu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Luze Shao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zanfang Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Li F, Xiao M, Zhang J, Liu C, Qiu Z, Cai Y. Spatial Distribution, Chemical Fraction and Fuzzy Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Honghu Lake, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020207. [PMID: 29373483 PMCID: PMC5858276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial concentrations and chemical fractions of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) in 16 sampling sites from the Honghu Lake were investigated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and optimized BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) three-stage extraction procedure. Compared with the corresponding probable effect levels (PELs), adverse biological effects of the studied five sediment metals decreased in the sequence of Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in each sampling site were at un-contamination level, while the values for Cd varied from un-contamination level to moderate contamination level. Spatially, the enrichment degree of Cd in lower part of the South Lake, the west part of the North Lake and the outlet were higher than the other parts of Honghu Lake. For metal chemical fractions, the proportions of the acid-extractable fraction of five metal contents were in the descending order: Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr. Cd had the highest bioaccessibility. Being the above indexes focused always on heavy metals’ total content or chemical fraction in deterministic assessment system, which may confuse decision makers, the fuzzy comprehensive risk assessment method was established based on PEI (Potential ecological risk index), RAC (Risk assessment code) and fuzzy theory. Average comprehensive risks of heavy metals in sediments revealed the following orders: Cd (considerable risk) > Cu (moderate risk) > Zn (low risk) > Pb > Cr. Thus, Cd and Cu were determined as the pollutants of most concern. The central part of South Honghu Lake (S4, S5, S6, S9, S12 and S14), east part of the North Honghu Lake (S1) and outlet of outlet of the Honghu Lake (S10) were recommended as the priority control areas. Specifically, it is necessary to pay more attention to S1, S4, S5, S6, S9 and S16 when decision making for their calculated membership values (probabilities) of adjacent risk levels quite close.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Minsi Xiao
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Qiu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Ying Cai
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Zhang X, Wang X, Chen Z. Radioactive Cobalt(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using a Reusable Nanocomposite: Kinetic, Isotherms, and Mechanistic Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1453. [PMID: 29186794 PMCID: PMC5750872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A lignocellulose/montmorillonite (LMT) nanocomposite was prepared as a reusable adsorbent for cobalt(II) ions, and characterized by nitrogen (N₂) adsorption/desorption isotherm, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). LMT exhibited efficient adsorption of cobalt ions (Co(II)), and the adsorbed Co(II) was readily desorbed by nitric acid (HNO₃). All parameters affecting the adsorption and/or desorption of Co(II), including initial Co(II) concentration, pH value, temperature, HNO₃ concentration, and time, were optimized. The kinetic data analysis showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fit well into the Langmuir isotherm equation. Notably, the nanocomposite can be used four times without significantly losing adsorbent capability. The Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and FTIR spectra analysis also revealed that the adsorption mechanism may be mainly a chemical adsorption dominated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Zhang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhangjing Chen
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
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