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Guo Z, Liu K, Liang C, Li D, Lou J, Deng Y, Huang M. Validation of the Chinese version of the Smartphone Distraction Scale. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31807. [PMID: 38882330 PMCID: PMC11177068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) is a novel assessment scale for smartphone distraction; it comprises 16 items that cover attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, multitasking, and emotion regulation. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the SDS in college students in China. After translating and culturally adapting the original version of the SDS into Chinese, the scale was tested on a sample of 1302 college students.The validity and reliability were assessed utilizing SPSS 25.0, AMOS 25.0 and Mplus 8.3. Parallel analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed for the validity analysis. Criterion-related validity for the SDS was tested by correlation analysis with the mobile phone addiction scale (MPAI). The reliability analysis was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). EFA and parallel analysis revealed a three-factor structure. The EFA identified factor loadings on three factors (14 items), explaining a total variance of 60.73 %. The CFA model fit was good (χ2/df = 4.644, RMSEA = 0.047, GFI = 0.930, CFI = 0.955, SRMR = 0.047), and the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance for gender. Both convergent and discriminant validity were established. The criterion-related validity was established based on a significant correlation (r = 0.758) with the MPAI. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.916, and the split-half reliability was 0.769, demonstrating a satisfactory internal consistency. The score of ICC was 0.907, demonstrating the stability of the SDS. Based on these data, the Chinese version of the SDS demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability in a sample of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Lou
- School of Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mina Huang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Demirkan AK. Exploring the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction, Quality of Life, and Personality Traits in University Students. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024; 19:210-220. [PMID: 38686313 PMCID: PMC11055973 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v19i2.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the dynamics of the relationship among smartphone addiction, quality of life, and personality characteristics in university students. Method : This correlational and descriptive research was conducted to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, quality of life, and personality traits among university students. Using a nonprobability random sampling method, 496 university students were selected. Data collection involved the Student Information Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Abridged Form (EPQR-A), and the WHO Quality of Life Scale-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 25.0, utilizing Chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: Out of 496 students (average age of 20.52), 59.87% were identified as smartphone addicts based on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. A notable difference was found by study year (P = 0.009) and socioeconomic status (P = 0.003). Participants with smartphone addiction registered higher SCL-90-r scores for conditions like Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Psychoticism. The Eysenck Personality Inventory highlighted that the Psychoticism score was significantly higher in the group with smartphone addiction (P = 0.001). A negative correlation between smartphone addiction scores and general health (WHOQoL) was identified, whereas a positive correlation with SCL-90-R's Psychoticism dimension score was observed (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is widespread among university student population. The study indicates that smartphone addiction not only impacts the individual's quality of life but also is associated with personality disorders, and these problems intensify with the severity of addiction. The findings underscore the need for interventions and educational programs to address smartphone addiction in this population.
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Leow MQH, Chiang J, Chua TJX, Wang S, Tan NC. The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290724. [PMID: 37713408 PMCID: PMC10503710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between smartphone addiction and sleep in medical students. The secondary outcomes included the prevalence of smartphone addiction, duration and purpose of its use, prevalence of poor sleep, duration and quality of sleep. METHODS The authors searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases, from inception of each database to October 2022. Quantitative studies in the English language on smartphone addiction and sleep in students studying Western Medicine were included. The Rayyan application was used for title-abstract screening, and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity tests and meta-synthesis of data were performed using the meta-package in R software. Data on the activities used on the smartphone was synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS A total of 298 abstracts were initially assessed for inclusion eligibility: 16 of them were eventually appraised, covering 9466 medical students comprising 3781 (39.9%) males and 5161 (54.5%) females. Meta-correlation between the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.24-0.36), and 0.27 (95% CI = 0.18-0.36) for SAS-SV and sleep duration. The meta-analytic estimation of smartphone addiction prevalence was 39% (95%CI = 0.30-0.50), and score using SAS-SV was 31.11 (95%CI = 29.50-32.72). The mean duration of smartphone daily used was 4.90 hours (95%CI = 3.72-6.08). The meta-analytic estimation on prevalence of poor sleep was 57% (95%CI = 0.48-0.66), and the meta-mean of PSQI and duration of sleep was 5.95 (95%CI = 4.90-7.00) and 5.62h (95%CI = 4.87-6.36) respectively. Medical students used their smartphones mostly for text messaging, followed by photo-sharing or social networking. Its usage for medical education remains unclear. CONCLUSION The prevalence of poor sleep and smartphone addiction in medical students was 57% and 39% respectively, with a correlation index of 0.30. Medical students commonly used the smartphone for text-messaging, photo-sharing or social networking, averaging 4.9 hours daily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Chiang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Jia Xuan Chua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- Singhealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Sun RQ, Sun GF, Ye JH. The effects of online game addiction on reduced academic achievement motivation among Chinese college students: the mediating role of learning engagement. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1185353. [PMID: 37519374 PMCID: PMC10381931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to examine the effects of online game addiction on reduced academic achievement motivation, and the mediating role of learning engagement among Chinese college students to investigate the relationships between the three variables. Methods The study used convenience sampling to recruit Chinese university students to participate voluntarily. A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected through the Questionnaire Star application. The average age of the participants was 18.77 years old, with 157 males and 286 females. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS. Results (1) Chinese college students' online game addiction negatively affected their behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement (the three dimensions of learning engagement); (2) behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement negatively affected their reduced academic achievement motivation; (3) learning engagement mediated the relationship between online game addiction and reduced academic achievement motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Sun
- BinZhou College of Science and Technology, Binzhou, China
| | | | - Jian-Hong Ye
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Vocational Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Pearson Ba AD, Young Phd CM, Shank Ma F, Neighbors Phd C. Flow mediates the relationship between problematic smartphone use and satisfaction with life among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1018-1026. [PMID: 34242121 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1910274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones, while useful, can also function as a source of distraction from daily life and may reduce life satisfaction by inhibiting concentration and interrupting attention to ongoing tasks, thoughts, and social interactions. OBJECTIVES The current study tested whether interruptions in flow mediate associations between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and life satisfaction among college students. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and nine college student smartphone users screened in to the study. METHODS 188 individuals (90%) completed baseline and 158 individuals (76%) completed one week of Ecological Momentary Assessment surveys and a one-week follow-up survey. RESULTS Flow mediates the relationship between PSU and satisfaction with life such that PSU was negatively associated with flow, flow was positively associated with satisfaction with life, and the indirect effect of PSU on satisfaction with life through flow was significant and negative. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the lack of flow college students experience due to PSU contributes to lower life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faith Shank Ma
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, USA
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Machado de Oliveira M, Lucchetti G, da Silva Ezequiel O, Lamas Granero Lucchetti A. Association of Smartphone Use and Digital Addiction with Mental Health, Quality of Life, Motivation and Learning of Medical Students: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study. Psychiatry 2023; 86:200-213. [PMID: 36688827 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2022.2161258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite studies evaluating the insertion of technology and the use of smartphones in the mental health and learning of medical students, few have investigated these outcomes longitudinally. This study aims to investigate the association between smartphone use and digital addiction with mental health, quality of life, learning, and academic motivation of medical students. Methods: This is a longitudinal study conducted between 2016 and 2018. Socio-demographics, smartphone use, digital dependence (Internet Addiction Test), surface and deep learning approach (Biggs), motivation (Academic Motivation Scale), evaluation of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS- 21) and Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed. Adjusted regression models were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 269 students were included(51.4% of the total). In the two-year follow-up, despite an increase in the frequency of smartphone use in general and also in the classroom for non-educational activities, no increase in digital dependence was found. In the adjusted models, the frequency of smartphone use and digital dependence were predictors of lower academic motivation and greater surface learning after two years of follow up. However, only digital dependence was a predictor of worse mental health (anxiety, depression, and stress) and worse quality of life. Conclusion: Greater use of smartphones and high addiction scores were associated with worse educational outcomes. Digital dependence was another marker of outcomes in mental health and quality of life. It is important that educators are aware of these negative effects and can guide students on the proper and safe use of these devices.
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Liu F, Xu Y, Yang T, Li Z, Dong Y, Chen L, Sun X. The Mediating Roles of Time Management and Learning Strategic Approach in the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Academic Procrastination. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2639-2648. [PMID: 36148284 PMCID: PMC9488603 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s373095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Smartphone is an indispensable everyday tool for college students, while excessive usage of smartphones may lead to negative outcomes, such as academic procrastination. Previous research has suggested that smartphone addiction is a predisposing factor for procrastination. To further understand the above relationship, structural equation model analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of time management and learning strategic approach in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021. A total of 1129 college students aged 18 to 22 participated in the present study was adopted the cluster random sampling method and the following tools were used: the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Time Management Disposition Scale, Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory, and Aitken Procrastination Scale. Results Results indicated that smartphone addiction is positively linked to academic procrastination, while negatively linked to time management and learning strategic approach. Both time management and learning strategic approach were negatively linked to academic procrastination. Additionally, the results showed that time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students after controlling for age and sex (RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.035, TLI = 0.993, CFI = 0.979). Conclusion Time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students. Therefore, intervention management that focusing on improving time management as well as strengthening learning strategic approach may be useful for reducing academic procrastination among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshuai Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Education, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Dong
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, People's Republic of China
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Schuster AM, Cotten SR, Meshi D. Established Adults, Who Self-Identify as Smartphone and/or Social Media Overusers, Struggle to Balance Smartphone Use for Personal and Work Purposes. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022; 30:78-89. [PMID: 36101741 PMCID: PMC9454384 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone ownership and use continues to proliferate, allowing people to easily access online communication, entertainment, and information. Importantly, individuals can perceive that they overuse their smartphone and/or the social media applications (apps) they access on their devices. Much of the research on smartphone overuse has focused on youth and emerging adults, with little research focusing on individuals in the established adulthood stage of life. This study examines smartphone use among established adults who perceive that they overuse their smartphone and/or social media. As part of a larger study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 individuals (30-45 years old) who self-identified as smartphone and/or social media overusers. Data were collected through a pre-survey, 1-hour interview, and smartphone use screenshots. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and then coded using NVivo software. Participants' average age was 35.9 years (SD = 4.1). The majority of the sample were female (67%), White (76%), and had a master's degree or higher (76%). Participants spent an average of 215 min on their smartphone daily, primarily using social media, video conferencing, and texting apps. Issues with smartphone use occurred when there was an unclear separation between work and personal use. Participants felt pressure to always respond quickly to work emails. An effort was made to limit smartphone use for work and during family time to be present for their family. Established adults strive to balance smartphone use for personal and work purposes. Creating boundaries for how and when established adults use their smartphone may help them find this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Schuster
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Shelia R. Cotten
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Department of Communication, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Dar Meshi
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Alhusban A, Mismar T, Al Husban A, Alzoubi KH. Problematic Social Media Use and Academic Performance among University Students: An Evaluation from The Middle East. Open Nurs J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18744346-v16-e2207050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The widespread use of social media applications generated a problematic behavior of excessive and inappropriate use that has been associated with mental health problems. Available data assessed this behavior using different surrogate markers in certain university majors. This study aims to assess the effect of this behavior on academic performance, using a validated tool, across different majors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study that randomly recruited university students from three Middle Eastern countries. using an online survey. The study included 277 participants with an average age of 21.53±2.1 years. The problematic social media use (PSMU) was evaluated using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and academic performance was evaluated using the GPA. Data regarding the demographics and the characteristic of social media use were collected.
Results:
PMSU was identified as an independent predictor of academic performance. The low academic performance group was more likely to use social media applications during the night, which negatively affected the ability to wake up the next day and be ready for exams.
Conclusion:
There is a need for a more large-scale systematic evaluation of the extent of PSMU and its effect on academic performance among university students at both the regional and international levels. These analyses will help in building effective interventions to reduce the impact of PSMU on university students.
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Huang H, Peng Q, Wan X, Lu G, Chen C. Relationship between insecure attachment and mobile phone addiction: A meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2022; 131:107317. [PMID: 35413487 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have explored the relationship between insecure attachment and mobile phone addiction from different theoretical perspectives; however, the results have been different. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between insecure attachment and mobile phone addiction. METHODS Studies published before November 2021 were identified through a systematic online search. A total of 22 studies, including 38 independent effect sizes were included from a systematic search of multiple databases, with a total sample size of 11,810 cases. Stata Version 16.0 was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis based on random-effects model showed that mobile phone addiction was highly positively associated with attachment anxiety (r = 0.395, 95%CI [0.345, 0.442]) and weakly positively correlated with attachment avoidance (r = 0.194, 95%CI [0.137, 0.250]). The relationship between attachment anxiety and mobile phone addiction and that between attachment avoidance and mobile phone addiction were both moderated by mobile phone addiction measures but not moderated by gender and attachment measures. CONCLUSION There is a positive correlation between mobile phone addiction and insecure attachment. In the future, measures to prevent mobile phone addiction should focus on insecure attachment individuals and help them construct a healthy attachment relationship and secure attachment model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yueming Ding
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangli Lu
- School of Business, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Chaoran Chen
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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The Relationship between Physical Activity and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: The Chain-Based Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Social Adaptation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159286. [PMID: 35954644 PMCID: PMC9367822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of physical activity on mobile phone addiction among college students. A total of 9406 students, ranging from freshmen to seniors, from 35 colleges in four regions of Jiangsu Province were selected using the whole group sampling method. Questionnaires, particularly the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form (IPAQ), the positive psychological capital scale (PPQ), the social adjustment diagnostic questionnaire (SAFS), and the mobile phone addiction index scale (MPAI), were administered. We found that physical activity negatively predicted mobile phone addiction among university students. Social adaptation partially mediates between physical activity and mobile phone addiction among university students, with separate mediation of psychological capital playing no indirect role. Psychological capital and social adjustment mediate the chain between physical activity and mobile phone dependence among college students. Our findings suggest that physical activity is an important external factor influencing college students’ mobile phone dependence, and it indirectly affects university students’ mobile phone addiction through psychological capital and social adaptation. Improving the physical activity level of college students, enhancing their psychological capital, and promoting improved social adaptation are important ways to prevent mobile phone addiction among college students.
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Elbyaly MYH, Elfeky AIM. The role of metacognition in promoting deep learning in MOOCs during COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e945. [PMID: 35875636 PMCID: PMC9299274 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In many nations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation in higher education institutions has changed. During the pandemic, these institutions have introduced numerous e-solutions to continue the process of education. Besides, research has shown many benefits in the last years of MOOCs. Yet, to date there are few studies to explore some individual characteristics, such as learners' metacognitive skills, that might have an impact on learning outcomes in MOOCs. Furthermore, promotion of deep learning is a serious challenge for online courses including MOOCs. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the role of metacognition in promoting deep learning in MOOCs during COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were students at the department of home economics who were all at the seventh academic level. Based on their scores on the metacognition awareness inventory (MAI), they were divided into two experimental groups, i.e. high metacognition students and low metacognition students. A three- aspect assessment card of deep learning namely connecting concepts, creating new concepts, and critical thinking was used to collect data. The results showed that MOOC was more effective in fostering the deep learning aspects of high metacognition skills, and deep learning as a whole. With regard to backward seeking and slow watching events, results showed significant differences in favor of high metacognition students (HMs). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between students in both groups regarding the pausing event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yasien Helmy Elbyaly
- Faculty of Education, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Specific Education, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdellah Ibrahim Mohammed Elfeky
- Faculty of Education, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Specific Education, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Kliesener T, Meigen C, Kiess W, Poulain T. Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:195. [PMID: 35300635 PMCID: PMC8932112 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European studies on determinants and factors associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU) in children and adolescents are still sparse. This study reports the current amount of PSU symptoms and the presence of (clinically relevant) PSU in German children and adolescents. We also investigated associations between socio-demographic factors, different smartphone usage patterns, and daily smartphone usage time and the amount of PSU symptoms in this group. In addition, associations of PSU symptoms and high smartphone usage times (> 2 h/day) with behavioural problems, quality of life (QoL), and school performance were investigated. METHODS Within the framework of the LIFE Child study, 564 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years provided information on PSU symptoms (using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale), daily smartphone usage time, smartphone activities, behavioural strengths and difficulties (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), QoL (using the KIDSCREEN-27), and school performance. Multiple regression analyses were applied to assess associations. RESULTS In the present sample, PSU was present in 13 children (2.3%). Older age, female gender, high daily smartphone usage time of > 2 h, and intensive smartphone use for social networking, gaming, or watching video clips were significantly associated with more PSU symptoms. Children and adolescents reporting more PSU symptoms also showed lower QoL, more behavioural difficulties, and poorer school performance, independently of age, gender, socio-economic status, and daily smartphone usage time. In contrast, daily smartphone usage time per se showed only weak or non-significant associations with these aspects of health and behaviour. CONCLUSION Intensive smartphone use for entertainment may increase the risk of developing PSU symptoms. Furthermore, the results indicate that PSU symptoms (more than long smartphone usage times per se) are associated with more behavioural difficulties and poorer QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kliesener
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christof Meigen
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Poulain
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Carpenter EL, Adams AM, Chick RC, Stull MC, Hale DF, Propper BW, Clifton GT, Vreeland TJ. Maximizing Benefit of Virtual Learning: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Surg Res 2022; 275:43-47. [PMID: 35219250 PMCID: PMC8810375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has profoundly impacted surgical education. We assessed resident perceptions of our virtual academic program, which consists of daily lectures or case conferences held via a videoconferencing platform. Methods A survey evaluating attitudes and practices for virtual academics was administered to general surgery residents. A focus group was conducted to identify benefits, barriers to engagement, and opportunities for improvement for virtual education. A total of 19 residents completed the education survey, and seven residents participated in the focus group. Results While expressing preference toward in-person academics (84.2%), residents felt the virtual academics were of good quality (median rating 4/5) and preferred virtual academics to no academic sessions (94.7%). Of respondents, 57.9% believe that the coronavirus pandemic negatively impacted their surgical education. They believe their American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination preparation was not impacted. Residents preferred using a computer over a phone for academics (79% versus 16%). The focus group identified the benefits of virtual academics, including the ability to participate while away and having recordings available. Areas for improvement included reinforcement of protected time for academics, requiring cameras be on, increasing in-lecture polls, and creation of an online repository of recordings for review. Residents hoped a virtual component of academics and recordings would continue past the pandemic. Conclusions Although virtual academics are not the preferred mode of learning in our residency, there are multiple unintended benefits. We recommend a hybrid academic model with in-person didactics and recorded video for later review.
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Problematic smartphone use and the quantity and quality of peer engagement among adolescents: A longitudinal study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Teachers’ Perception in Selecting Virtual Learning Platforms: A Case of Mexican Higher Education during the COVID-19 Crisis. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this project, an analysis is made of the perception of teachers of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) regarding the use of Virtual Learning Platforms (VLP) in the transition from the Traditional Educational Model (face-to-face) to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). A statistical analysis of teachers’ views on the academic environment caused by the COVID-19 crisis is carried out for the change of educational scenarios from school to home through VLP, the support for teaching–learning knowledge of VLPs and the received training, and the main problems during the transition period. Through convenience sampling, data was collected for a statistical study using a developed instrument (Data collection was designed through the Google Forms application and distributed to public and private HEI teachers). The results of the study showed that more than 60% of respondents had experience using Moodle, Google Classroom, and Blackboard; 80% of teachers had training from their institution for the use of virtual platforms; and in 60% of cases, higher education institutions allowed them to choose the VLP. In addition, the main issues they faced were connectivity, student attitude, and student attendance at class sessions. Fisher’s test was conducted to determine the relationship in the variables analyzed by identifying that there are differences of teachers in perception depending on age.
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Lu GL, Ding YM, Zhang YM, Huang HT, Liang YP, Chen CR. The correlation between mobile phone addiction and coping style among Chinese adolescents: a meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:60. [PMID: 34654451 PMCID: PMC8520246 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phone addiction has become a social problem that affects the healthy growth of adolescents, and it may be correlated with coping style. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mobile phone addiction and coping style and the influencing factors for adolescents. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted by searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA and Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO. Stata 16.0 was used to analyse the overall effect and test the moderating effect. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included, involving a total of 20,349 subjects. There was no significant correlation between adolescents' mobile phone addiction and positive coping style (r = - 0.02, 95% CI = - 0.06 to 0.02, P > 0.05), but there was a moderate positive correlation between adolescents' mobile phone addiction and negative coping style (r = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.36, P < 0.001). The moderating effect analysis showed that the effect of dissertations on mobile phone addiction and positive coping style among adolescents was significantly larger than that of journal articles. The Smartphone Addiction Scale for College Students (SAS-C) showed the largest effect on mobile phone addiction and positive coping style among adolescents. The time of publication significantly positively moderated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and negative coping style among adolescents. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) showed the largest effect on adolescents' mobile phone addiction and negative coping style. However, the correlation between adolescents' mobile phone addiction and coping style was not affected by age or gender. CONCLUSIONS There was a close relationship between mobile phone addiction and coping style among adolescents. In the future, longitudinal research should be carried out to better investigate the dynamic changes in the relationship between mobile phone addiction and coping style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Lu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Business Administration, School of Business, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Yue-Ming Ding
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Hai-Tao Huang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yi-Pei Liang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Business Administration, School of Business, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Chao-Ran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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Liu XXL. A Systematic Review of Prevention and Intervention Strategies for Smartphone Addiction in Students: Applicability During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2021. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2021.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"During this coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, smartphones play an
important role in online classes, study, and entertainment. However,
excessive use may lead to smartphone addiction (SPA). The incidence of
SPA among students has increased with the spread of COVID-19 and
threatens to impair home-based students’ learning efficiency and physical
and mental health. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview
of the latest achievements in SPA prevention and treatment, and a theoretical
basis for future experimental research and clinical treatment, while
considering their applicability during the current pandemic. We researched
the core literature in Chinese, English, and Korean databases from 2000 to
2021; 3208 articles were identified. After reading the titles, abstracts, and
full texts, 53 articles were selected. Research on SPA interventions was
relatively limited; we identified six types of prevention and treatment
measures: psychotherapies, cognitive training, behavioral intervention,
application restriction, social intervention, and complementary and
alternative medicine. They can be implemented by students, parents, or
online experts. Future research should focus on developing early measures
to identify and prevent SPA and enhance students’ change motivation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-xia Liu Liu
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Servidio R, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Dark Triad of Personality and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Preliminary Study on the Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168463. [PMID: 34444212 PMCID: PMC8391539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined whether the relationship between the Dark Triad (DT) of personality and problematic smartphone use (PSU) can be explained by the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO). The role of FoMO in this relationship has yet to be examined. A total of 457 participants completed an online survey. Results indicated that males scored high on measures assessing DT of personality, while females scored high on PSU. Structural equation modelling showed that narcissism was directly associated with PSU. FoMO partially mediated the association between narcissism and PSU. Machiavellianism and narcissism were directly associated with FoMO. In the fully mediated model, narcissism (but not Machiavellianism) was still associated with FoMO, and in turn, FoMO was related to PSU. Although preliminary, the results of the present study indicated that Machiavellianism and narcissism might represent antecedents of FoMO, in addition to the Big Five personality traits, and both could be involved in the development of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Building Cube 20/B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar;
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Sunday OJ, Adesope OO, Maarhuis PL. The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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21
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Osorio-Molina C, Martos-Cabrera MB, Membrive-Jiménez MJ, Vargas-Roman K, Suleiman-Martos N, Ortega-Campos E, Gómez-Urquiza JL. Smartphone addiction, risk factors and its adverse effects in nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 98:104741. [PMID: 33485161 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are technological devices that have a great impact on people's daily lives changing their habits and behaviors. The utilities and capabilities of these devices are increasing and the foresight is that this tendency will grow in the next years. However, the problematic use of the smartphone has increased dangerously, interfering with the clinical practice of healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, also known as nomophobia, in nursing students and to identify its related factors and its negative effects. DESIGN Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The literature search was done in CINAHL, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. REVIEW METHODS The search equation was "(nomophobia OR smartphone) AND nurs* student*". n = 16 articles were identified. RESULTS The meta-analytic estimation of nomophobia or smartphone addiction was 22% (CI95% 18%-26%] in a sample of n = 2780 nursing students. Smartphone usability is very extended during the clinical practice by nursing students. They indicated using the device or watching other students distracted with their smartphone. Some variables related to excessive use in nursing students are lower sleep quality, lower self-esteem, higher social distress, lower perceived social support or lower communication skills between others. CONCLUSIONS The main use of the smartphone by nursing students is for communication with other people and some of them indicate that it can be a distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K Vargas-Roman
- Behavioral Sciences Department, University of Granada, Spain
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22
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Elhai JD, Sapci O, Yang H, Amialchuk A, Rozgonjuk D, Montag C. Objectively‐measured and self‐reported smartphone use in relation to surface learning, procrastination, academic productivity, and psychopathology symptoms in college students. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Onur Sapci
- Department of Economics University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China
| | | | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm Germany
- neuSCAN Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
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Montag C, Wegmann E, Sariyska R, Demetrovics Z, Brand M. How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with "smartphone addiction"? J Behav Addict 2021; 9:908-914. [PMID: 31668089 PMCID: PMC8969715 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present theoretical paper introduces the smartphone technology as a challenge for diagnostics in the study of Internet use disorders and reflects on the term "smartphone addiction." METHODS Such a reflection is carried out against the background of a literature review and the inclusion of Gaming Disorder in ICD-11. RESULTS We believe that it is necessary to divide research on Internet use disorder (IUD) into a mobile and non-mobile IUD branch. This is important because certain applications such as the messenger application WhatsApp have originally been developed for smartphones and enfold their power and attractiveness mainly on mobile devices. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Going beyond the argumentation for distinguishing between mobile and non-mobile IUD, it is of high relevance for scientists to better describe and understand what persons are actually (over-)using. This is stressed by a number of examples, explicitly targeting not only the diverse contents used in the online world, but also the exact behavior on each platform. Among others, it matters if a person is more of an active producer of content or passive consumer of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Molecular Psychology, Institute for Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,neuSCAN Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Christian Montag; Institute of Psychology and Education, Zentrum für Biomedizinische Forschung, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Phone: +49 731 50 26550; Fax: +49 731 50 32759; E-mail:
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Rayna Sariyska
- Molecular Psychology, Institute for Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institue of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
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Oraison H, Nash‐dolby O, Wilson B, Malhotra R. Smartphone distraction‐addiction: Examining the relationship between psychosocial variables and patterns of use. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Oraison
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
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25
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Elhai JD, Yang H, Levine JC. Applying fairness in labeling various types of internet use disorders. •. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:924-927. [PMID: 33027061 PMCID: PMC8969732 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We comment on arguments about internet and smartphone use disorders by Montag, Wegmann, Sariyska, Demetrovics, and Brand (2020). Although not currently official diagnoses, we emphasize that for some individuals, excessive internet/smartphone use can have dangerous consequences. We discuss the challenges with ICD-11 codifying only internet gaming as an internet use-related disorder, neglecting other types of excessive internet users. Montag et al.'s approach to classifying a broader range of internet use disorders seems more fair than the current system in aiding individuals needing treatment resources for excessive internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jason C. Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
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26
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Boredom proneness and rumination mediate relationships between depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use severity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Rozgonjuk D, Sindermann C, Elhai JD, Christensen AP, Montag C. Associations between symptoms of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use: An item-level exploratory graph analysis perspective. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:686-697. [PMID: 32986606 PMCID: PMC8943679 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies have demonstrated associations between both problematic smartphone and social networks use with everyday life adversities. However, examination of associations between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic use of specific social networking platforms, especially on item-level data, has received relatively little attention. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore how items of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use are associated. METHODS 949 German-speaking adults participated in a web survey study. The participants were queried about their socio-demographics as well as levels of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use. In addition to bivariate correlation analysis, exploratory graph analysis (EGA), a type of network analysis, was conducted. RESULTS The results showed that while problematic Facebook and Instagram use seem to be distinct phenomena, problematic smartphone and WhatsApp use were heavily intertwined. Furthermore, the only cross-platform symptom observed was the extent of reported pain in wrists and neck due to digital technology use. The EGA network models showed very good stability in bootstrap analyses. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In general, the results of this study suggest that while Instagram and Facebook use may potentially constitute distinct problematic behaviors, problematic smartphone/WhatsApp use scales may be measuring highly similar or even the same construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Cornelia Sindermann
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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29
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Feraco T, Casali N, Tortora C, Dal Bon C, Accarrino D, Meneghetti C. Using Mobile Devices in Teaching Large University Classes: How Does It Affect Exam Success? Front Psychol 2020; 11:1363. [PMID: 32695048 PMCID: PMC7338752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the role of mobile-based student response systems in teaching to improve university students’ academic outcomes. Mobile devices can be useful tools for conveying content to large classes, with a potential impact on academic outcomes. This study involved a total of 294 undergraduates taking a psychology course. The course involved lessons in the classroom, which included answering quizzes (quiz activities) and activities such as preparing reports and laboratory experiences (out-of-class activities). Quizzes were administered using a mobile technology system. Data were collected on the motivational beliefs (theory of intelligence) and self-regulated learning strategies of students who voluntarily completed the online questionnaires. The results of the linear models showed that using the quizzes positively affected the performance in the final exams (involving closed and open questions). The same was true for the out-of-class activities. The motivation and strategy scores correlated moderately with out-of-class activities, but not with quiz activities. These results offer insight on the use of technology during lessons and other course-related activities to promote academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Feraco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Pentathlon Srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicole Casali
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Tortora
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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30
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Li L, Lok GKI, Mei SL, Cui XL, Li L, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Zhang J, An FR, Xiang YT. The severity of mobile phone addiction and its relationship with quality of life in Chinese university students. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8859. [PMID: 32547849 PMCID: PMC7271884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the severity of mobile phone addiction and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in Chinese university students. Methods A total of 2,312 university students from Macao, Hong Kong and mainland China participated in this cross-sectional study. The Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MPAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) rating instruments were used to assess the severity of mobile phone addiction and QOL, respectively. Results Compared to students in mainland China, those in Macao and Hong Kong were more likely to have excessive mobile phone use. Multiple linear regression revealed that high academic pressure and poor academic performance were positively associated, while male gender, greater interest in academic major and long sleep duration were negatively associated with the severity of mobile phone addiction. Students addicted to mobile phone use had significantly lower scores across all QOL domains. Conclusion Due to the adverse impact of excessive mobile phone use on QOL, public education and effective preventive measures should be developed for Chinese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Grace K I Lok
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Song Li Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Ling Cui
- Department of Business Administration, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feng Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Anding Hospital & The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tao Xiang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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31
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Hassim SR, Arifin WN, Kueh YC, Yaacob NA. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Malay Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale among Medical Students in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3820. [PMID: 32481559 PMCID: PMC7312542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the validity and reliability evidence of the Malay version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-M) is only available by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The aim of this study is to validate and determine the psychometric properties of the SAS-M by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 medical students in Universiti Sains Malaysia. The students were given questionnaire forms consisting of socio-demographic information, the SAS-M and the Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test (MVIAT). The CFA was conducted using robust maximum likelihood estimator. The internal consistency reliability was determined by Raykov's rho coefficient. The concurrent validity was assessed by the Pearson's correlations between the factor scores of the SAS-M and the MVIAT. RESULTS The analysis showed the five-factor model of the SAS-M has an acceptable model fit after the inclusion of 12 correlated errors (SRMR = 0.067, RMSEA 0.059 (90% CI: 0.054, 0.065), CFI = 0.895, TLI = 0.882). The factor loadings ranged from 0.320 to 0.875. The internal consistency reliability was good (Raykov's rho = 0.713 to 0.858) and it showed good concurrent validity with the MVIAT. CONCLUSIONS The CFA showed that the SAS-M is a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire to measure the level of smartphone addiction among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Rubiaehtul Hassim
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (S.R.H.); (Y.C.K.)
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (S.R.H.); (Y.C.K.)
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (S.R.H.); (Y.C.K.)
| | - Nor Azwany Yaacob
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
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Squires LR, Hollett KB, Hesson J, Harris N. Psychological Distress, Emotion Dysregulation, and Coping Behaviour: a Theoretical Perspective of Problematic Smartphone Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Loid K, Täht K, Rozgonjuk D. Do pop-up notifications regarding smartphone use decrease screen time, phone checking behavior, and self-reported problematic smartphone use? Evidence from a two-month experimental study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bozzola E, Spina G, Ruggiero M, Vecchio D, Caruso C, Bozzola M, Staiano AM, Agostiniani R, Del Vecchio A, Banderali G, Peroni D, Chiara A, Memo L, Turra R, Corsello G, Villani A. Media use during adolescence: the recommendations of the Italian Pediatric Society. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:149. [PMID: 31775828 PMCID: PMC6880642 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of media device, such as smartphone and tablet, is currently increasing, especially among the youngest. Adolescents spend more and more time with their smartphones consulting social media, mainly Facebook, Instagram and Twitter because. Adolescents often feel the necessity to use a media device as a means to construct a social identity and express themselves. For some children, smartphone ownership starts even sooner as young as 7 yrs, according to internet safety experts. Material and methods We analyzed the evidence on media use and its consequences in adolescence. Results In literature, smartphones and tablets use may negatively influences the psychophysical development of the adolescent, such as learning, sleep and sigh. Moreover, obesity, distraction, addiction, cyberbullism and Hikikomori phenomena are described in adolescents who use media device too frequently. The Italian Pediatric Society provide action-oriented recommendations for families and clinicians to avoid negative outcomes. Conclusions Both parents and clinicians should be aware of the widespread phenomenon of media device use among adolescents and try to avoid psychophysical consequences on the youngest.
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Wolniewicz CA, Rozgonjuk D, Elhai JD. Boredom proneness and fear of missing out mediate relations between depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toledo Toledo Ohio
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toledo Toledo Ohio
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Toledo Toledo Ohio
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Non-social smartphone use mediates the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and problematic smartphone use: Evidence from a repeated-measures study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Emotion regulation in relation to smartphone use: Process smartphone use mediates the association between expressive suppression and problematic smartphone use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pancani L, Preti E, Riva P. The Psychology of Smartphone: The Development of the Smartphone Impact Scale (SIS). Assessment 2019; 27:1176-1197. [PMID: 30829048 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119831788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Smartphones are changing lives in a number of ways. However, the psychological literature has primarily focused on smartphone overuse, neglecting the impacts that are not strictly related to problematic use. The present research was aimed to develop a comprehensive self-report scale that accounts for the cognitive, affective, social, and behavioral impacts of smartphones in everyday life-the Smartphone Impact Scale (SIS). Study 1 (N = 407) yielded a preliminary version of the scale, which was refined in Study 2 (N = 601). The SIS is a 26-item scale that measures seven dimensions of smartphone impact. Results revealed meaningful associations between its subscales, psychosocial constructs, and daily usage of smartphones and apps. The SIS broadens the view of human-smartphone interaction by extending the concept of problematic smartphone use to further dimensions (e.g., emotion regulation) and introducing a proper measurement of underinvestigated smartphone impacts (e.g., tasks support). The implications of each SIS subscale are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Riva
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Studying Psychopathology in Relation to Smartphone Use. STUDIES IN NEUROSCIENCE, PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31620-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Social media use in lectures mediates the relationship between procrastination and problematic smartphone use. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Exploring the Opportunities and Challenges of the Digital World for Early Childhood Services with Vulnerable Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112407. [PMID: 30380766 PMCID: PMC6265693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Potentially addictive behaviours supported by the internet and mobile phones raise concerns in education services for early childhood. Although there is evidence that screen media can distract the attention of young children, there was a massive uptake of digital devices by early childhood centres (ECCs). We investigated practices of families (n = 85) and of six ECCs serving vulnerable children in New Zealand, many of whom are emergent bilinguals. Descriptions of the limited and exemplary choice of screen media of the ECCs include digital portfolios containing children’s learning stories in multiple languages illustrated with digital photos. This was facilitated by increasing partnership with the families and the inclusion of their languages in the physical and digital landscapes of the ECCs. However, these families and the ECCs are seeking additional guidance to face the complex challenges of the digital world. These early findings from our national research programme, A Better Start, E Tipu E Rea, already informed significant changes in the ECCs; we also identified the potential for young children to act as agents of change.
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The association between problematic smartphone use, depression and anxiety symptom severity, and objectively measured smartphone use over one week. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lellis-Santos C, Halpin PA. Workshop report: "Using Social Media and Smartphone Applications in Practical Lessons to Enhance Student Learning" in Búzios, Brazil (August 6-8, 2017). ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 42:340-342. [PMID: 29676613 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00011.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective student engagement poses a challenge for instructors, especially those who may not be familiar with new technologies and mobile devices. In this workshop, participants, experienced and discussed two ways of using smartphones in physiology classes: to engage in an online learning environment for discussions, and to make physiological measurements. Participants signed up for individual Twitter accounts and learned how to tweet, retweet, message, use a URL shortener, and use hashtags. They then went on to locate articles on an assigned topic from the Twitter accounts of credible science sources ( American Journal of Physiology, The Scientist, CDC.gov, WHO.int) and applied their Twitter skills to discuss the science topic of current interest. Additionally, participants shared their knowledge about the use of smartphones as a tool for teaching; they discussed the foundations of smartphone-assisted learning and the concept of mobile-learning laboratories, which we refer to as MobLeLabs. Participants also performed an experiment that used an Axé dance video and smartphone applications to measure changes in heart rate and reaction time. Our report describes this international hands-on teaching workshop and highlights its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Lellis-Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Patricia A Halpin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of New Hampshire at Manchester , Manchester, New Hampshire
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